JP2008202443A - Engine generator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To inhibit drop of engine speed and emission of black smoke from an engine by reducing load at a time of input of heavy load only by adding a very simple device. <P>SOLUTION: Three excitation windings 8 is provided on a core having a main armature winding 1 wound thereon in a triangle connection with keeping one ends open, an exciter field winding 5 is excited by direct current provided by composing zero-phase current taken out of open ends of the triangle connection line and phase current provided from each excitation winding 8. In such an engine generator, a change over switch 7 is provided in connection line drawn out from the triangle connection line, and the change over switch 7 is turned off when a heavy load such as a large motor is used in a residential area or the like. As the result, excitation power source gets short at a time of heavy load input, output voltage of the generator drops, input electric power of the load drops to reduce drop of engine speed and to inhibit emission of black smoke. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an engine generator that generates power by being driven by an engine such as a diesel engine.

   Engine generators are widely used as mobile power sources for construction sites and the like. In these engine generators, by adjusting the fuel injection amount by providing an engine governor, the load is reduced by adjusting the field current of the generator with an automatic voltage regulator while keeping the engine speed constant. Even if it fluctuates, AC power with a constant voltage is always output at a constant frequency.

  When a heavy load such as a large motor is applied to such an engine generator, the engine speed is greatly reduced instantaneously. At that time, the engine governor greatly increases the fuel injection amount to restore rotation, and as a result, the engine emits a large amount of black smoke. In particular, as a recent trend, the number of diesel engines with a supercharger or aftercooler is increasing. However, in such a diesel engine, recovery of the engine speed is delayed due to a delay in tracking of the supply air pressure, and the amount of black increases accordingly. You will continue to smoke for a long time. Furthermore, as the generator becomes smaller and lighter, the moment of inertia is reduced, and the engine speed drop when the heavy load is applied is increased, increasing the problem of black smoke generation.

  In recent years, when the environmental problems have been highlighted, this black smoke has become a big problem when the engine generator is operated particularly in a residential area. Moreover, if the engine speed decreases due to heavy load input and the state continues for a long time, it also has a problem of adversely affecting the load connected to the generator.

  Conventionally, in order to cope with such a decrease in engine speed due to heavy load input, as shown in Patent Document 1, for example, when the load increase rate of the generator becomes larger than a preset increase rate, the load increases. A technique has been proposed in which a signal is output, a voltage drop signal is output for a preset time by the load increase signal, and the excitation current of the generator is reduced by a preset ratio.

   FIG. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of the engine generator. The diesel generator includes a main armature winding 1, an exciter field winding 5, an automatic voltage regulator 6 provided on the stator side, a main field winding 2, a rotary rectifier 3, provided on the rotor side. And an exciter armature winding 4. The input terminal of the automatic voltage regulator 6 is connected to the output line from the main armature winding 1, and the output terminal is connected to the exciter field winding 5, and an excitation current is generated according to the output voltage of the generator. The output voltage is held at the set voltage by controlling.

  A pair of instrument current transformers 12 and 13 are connected to an output line from the generator. The output currents of the current transformers 12 and 13 are input to the current change detection circuit 14. The current change detection circuit 14 outputs a voltage drop signal for a predetermined time when the increase rate per unit time of the generator output current is larger than a preset increase rate. In response to this, the automatic voltage regulator 6 reduces the current of the exciter field winding 5 by a certain rate. As a result, the output of the exciter armature winding 4 decreases, and the current flowing through the main field winding 2 decreases by a certain rate. As a result, the output voltage of the generator drops, and the engine load is reduced in proportion to the square of the drop voltage.

  In this way, when the load suddenly increases due to heavy load input or the like, the engine load is instantaneously reduced, so that the engine speed reduction rate can be reduced to be within the allowable range.

  Further, as shown in Patent Document 2, a technique has been proposed in which the degree of load applied to the generator is determined based on a change in engine speed instead of a change in output current. In that case, when the engine speed is detected by a pulse generator and the engine load increases and the engine speed falls below a certain value from the rated value, a signal is sent to the engine controller configured by the arithmetic unit, and the output contact is set. Operate and control the output voltage of the automatic voltage regulator to reduce the generator output voltage.

Even in this case, when the load suddenly increases due to heavy load input or the like, the engine load is instantaneously reduced, whereby the rate of decrease in the engine speed can be reduced to be within the allowable range.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-111298 JP 2001-28900 A

   However, the engine generator as shown in Patent Document 1 requires a large number of devices such as a plurality of current transformers and current change detection circuits. There was a problem of becoming. In addition, setting of load current increase rate, setting of time to output voltage drop signal, setting of excitation current decrease rate, etc. must be set manually, and experience and intuition on how to set depending on the type of load There was also a problem that it was bothersome and necessary.

  In addition, since the engine generator as shown in Patent Document 2 uses many complicated and expensive parts such as an engine controller and a pulse generator, when this technology is applied to a small-capacity small generator. There was a problem that the cost was increased to exceed the generator main unit price.

   In view of such a problem, the present invention reduces the load by reducing the load and reducing the engine speed when a heavy load is applied only by adding a very simple device, and generates black smoke from the engine. The purpose is to suppress this.

   In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 1 of the present application is directed to an engine generator configured to supply excitation power to a generator field winding via three or more connection lines. A changeover switch for turning on / off one of the wires is provided.

   In the invention according to claim 2 of the present application, three exciting windings are wound around an iron core around which a generator armature winding is wound, and the exciting windings are connected in series in a triangular connection with one end opened. An engine in which the field winding is excited on the basis of a DC current obtained by combining the zero-phase current extracted from the open end of the triangular connection and the phase current obtained from each excitation winding. The generator is characterized in that a changeover switch is provided in a connection line drawn from an open end of the triangular connection or a connection portion between the respective excitation windings.

   The invention according to claim 3 of the present application has a generator field winding, a three-phase generator armature winding, and a winding pitch that produces an output mainly composed of a fundamental wave, The one-phase winding of the generator armature winding so as to produce an output having a phase difference of approximately 90 degrees in electrical angle with respect to the one-phase winding output of the generator armature winding. A winding pitch that produces an output mainly composed of the third harmonic of the fundamental wave, and an electrical angle of about 90 with respect to the one-phase winding output. A second excitation winding provided corresponding to the first excitation winding, a fundamental wave output of the first excitation winding, and a second excitation winding so as to generate an output having a phase difference of degrees. An engine comprising: excitation means for forming a combined rectified output with the third harmonic output and exciting the generator field winding based on the combined rectified output In electrical machine, characterized in that a changeover switch in the connection line to draw output connection lines or the second excitation winding draw an output of said first excitation winding.

The engine generator of the present invention has the following effects.
In other words, the invention according to claim 1 is provided with a change-over switch for turning on / off one of the three or more connection lines for supplying the excitation power to the generator field winding. As a result, by adding one extremely simple device called a changeover switch and turning off the changeover switch as necessary, the load is reduced and the engine speed is prevented from lowering when a heavy load is applied. At the same time, generation of black smoke from the engine can be suppressed.

  In the invention according to claim 2, the three excitation windings are composed of the zero-phase current taken out from the open end with one end opened and a triangular connection and the phase current obtained from each excitation winding. In the engine generator that excites the field windings based on the DC current obtained in this way, a changeover switch is provided in the connection line drawn from the open end of the triangular connection or the connection part between the excitation windings. It was. As a result, a large output obtained by synthesizing the zero-phase current extracted from the open end of the triangular connection and the phase current obtained from each of the excitation windings, and an excitation output that is not significantly affected by the load current Therefore, in an engine generator that can be operated stably, an extra simple device called a changeover switch is added, and the changeover switch is turned off as necessary. While suppressing that a rotation speed falls, it can suppress that black smoke generate | occur | produces from an engine.

  The invention according to claim 3 is the engine generator according to claim 1, wherein a combined rectification output of the fundamental wave output of the first excitation winding and the third harmonic output of the second excitation winding is provided. In an engine generator having an excitation means configured to excite a generator field winding based on the combined rectified output, a connection line for drawing out the output of the first excitation winding or the output of the second excitation winding is provided. A changeover switch was provided in the connection line to be pulled out. As a result, in an engine generator capable of stable operation by combining the fundamental wave component that provides a large output and the third harmonic component that is not significantly affected by the load current to form an excitation output, it is called a changeover switch. By adding one extremely simple device and turning off the changeover switch as necessary, the load is reduced and the engine speed is reduced when heavy loads are applied. Can be suppressed.

   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an engine generator according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The diesel generator includes a main armature winding 1, an exciter field winding 5, an automatic voltage regulator 6 provided on the stator side, a main field winding 2, a rotary rectifier 3, provided on the rotor side. Exciter armature winding 4 is provided. Excitation windings 8, 8, and 8 are also wound around the stator core around which the main armature winding 1 is wound, and the excitation windings 8, 8, and 8 open one end of the triangular connection. Are connected in series.

  Four terminals are taken out from the open ends A and B and the interconnection points C and D of the respective excitation windings 8, 8, 8 in this one-end open triangular connection, and the automatic voltage regulator 6 is connected to the exciter field winding. 5 is connected as a power source for the current to be supplied. As a result, the automatic voltage regulator 6 is supplied with the current of the fundamental wave component from each of the excitation windings 8, 8, 8 and the zero-phase current from the open ends A, B.

  The output monitoring terminal of the automatic voltage regulator 6 is connected to the output line from the main armature winding 1, and the output terminal of the automatic voltage regulator 6 is connected to the exciter field winding 5. By controlling the exciting current according to the output voltage, the output voltage is held at the set voltage.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the no-load excitation characteristic of the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, the excitation characteristics based only on the fundamental wave component gradually increase as the field current increases, and eventually become saturated. On the other hand, the excitation characteristic based only on the zero-phase component initially increases as the field current increases, but starts to decrease when the maximum point is exceeded. In this no-load excitation characteristic, in the range between X and Y on the horizontal axis, the fundamental wave component shows the rising characteristic and the zero phase component shows the falling characteristic. In designing, the Y point is a field current value when a rated load is applied to the generator, and the X point is a field current value when the generator is in a no-load state.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram showing output characteristics of the first embodiment. During excitation using only the fundamental wave component, the load current increases as the load current increases, and during excitation using only the zero-phase component, the load current decreases as the load current increases. Then, when excitation is performed with a current obtained by combining the fundamental wave component and the zero-phase component, a constant voltage excitation characteristic is obtained with respect to a change in load current, as shown as a combined characteristic in FIG.

  In such a generator, a changeover switch 7 is provided between one circuit out of four circuits for taking out the four terminals A, B, C, and D, for example, between one open end A and the automatic voltage regulator 6. . Normally, the changeover switch 7 is turned on. As a result, stable operation can be achieved by the constant voltage excitation characteristics as described above, and the output voltage is maintained even when the load current increases beyond the rating.

  On the other hand, when a heavy load such as a large motor is used in a residential area or the like, the changeover switch 7 is turned off. At that time, since the excitation power supply is in a state where one phase and zero phase of the three-phase fundamental wave components are missing, the capacity becomes 2/3 or less of the normal value. As a result, when the heavy load is turned on, the excitation power supply is insufficient, the output voltage of the generator is reduced, and the input power of the load is reduced, so the startup time is lengthened, but the drop in engine speed is reduced. Black smoke is not generated much.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of an engine generator according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a first phase of the main armature winding 1, for example, a U-phase winding, produces an output having a phase difference of 90 degrees in electrical angle with respect to the U-phase winding output. One excitation winding 9 and second excitation winding 10 are provided. The first exciting winding 9 has a winding pitch that produces an output mainly composed of the fundamental component, and the second exciting winding 10 produces an output mainly composed of the third harmonic of the fundamental wave. Winding pitch.

  The outputs of the first excitation winding 9 and the second excitation winding 10 are input to the automatic voltage regulator 6, and both are combined as an excitation power source and output to the exciter field winding 5. The fundamental wave component generated in the first excitation winding 9 is larger than the harmonic component, but is affected by the load current. On the other hand, the third harmonic component generated in the second excitation winding 10 is not significantly affected by the load current. Therefore, when the output of the first excitation winding 9 and the output of the second excitation winding 10 are combined, it is possible to form an excitation output that is large and that is not significantly affected by the load current.

  In such a generator, one of the output circuits of the first excitation winding 9 and the second excitation winding 10, for example, the changeover switch 7 between the second excitation winding 10 and the automatic voltage regulator 6. Is provided. Normally, the changeover switch 7 is turned on. As a result, as described above, stable output can be achieved with an excitation output that is not greatly affected by the load current with a large output, and the output voltage is maintained even when the load current increases beyond the rating. .

  On the other hand, when a heavy load such as a large motor is used in a residential area or the like, the changeover switch 7 is turned off. At that time, the excitation power source is in a state in which the output of the second excitation winding 10 is missing among the outputs of the first excitation winding 9 and the second excitation winding 10, so the capacity is close to ½ of the normal value. Become. As a result, when the heavy load is turned on, the excitation power supply is insufficient, the output voltage of the generator is reduced, and the input power of the load is reduced, so the startup time is lengthened, but the drop in engine speed is reduced. Black smoke is not generated much.

  FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of an engine generator according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a permanent magnet generator 11 is used as an excitation power source, and the permanent magnet generator 11 is provided with a main field winding 2, a rotary rectifier 3, and an exciter armature winding 4. A permanent magnet is provided coaxially with the rotor, a three-phase winding is provided at the opposite position, and the output is input to the automatic voltage regulator 6 as a power source for the current flowing through the exciter field winding 5. . The output of the permanent magnet generator 11 is always constant if the rotation speed of the rotor is constant.

  In such a generator, the selector switch 7 is provided in one of the output circuits of the permanent magnet generator 11. Normally, the changeover switch 7 is turned on. As a result, even if the load current changes, stable operation can be performed by the excitation output that is not affected by the load current.

  On the other hand, when a heavy load such as a large motor is used in a residential area or the like, the changeover switch 7 is turned off. At that time, the excitation power source is in a state in which one of the three-phase outputs of the permanent magnet generator 11 is missing. As a result, when the heavy load is turned on, the excitation power supply is insufficient, the output voltage of the generator is reduced, and the input power of the load is reduced, so the startup time is lengthened, but the drop in engine speed is reduced. Black smoke is not generated much.

  FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of an engine generator according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the output of the main armature winding 1 is used as an excitation power source.

  In such a generator, the selector switch 7 is provided in one of the circuits that are input from the main armature winding 1 of each phase to the automatic voltage regulator 6. Normally, the changeover switch 7 is turned on. As a result, stable operation can be performed even when a large load is applied to the main armature winding 1.

  On the other hand, when a heavy load such as a large motor is used in a residential area or the like, the changeover switch 7 is turned off. At that time, since the excitation power source is in a state in which one phase is missing in the three-phase output of the main armature winding 1, the capacity becomes 1 / √3 of the normal value. As a result, when the heavy load is turned on, the excitation power supply is insufficient, the output voltage of the generator is reduced, and the input power of the load is reduced, so the startup time is lengthened, but the drop in engine speed is reduced. Black smoke is not generated much.

  In each of the above embodiments, the output of the exciter armature winding 4 provided on the rotor side is rectified by the rotary rectifier 3 and supplied directly to the main field winding 2 provided on the rotor side. Although explained in the case of the excitation type generator, the present invention is not limited to this, and a generator of a type that feeds power to the main field winding 2 provided on the rotor side from the stator side via a slip ring is also applicable. Applicable.

1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an engine generator according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the no-load excitation characteristic of 1st Example. It is a figure which shows the output characteristic of 1st Example. It is a schematic circuit diagram of the engine generator which concerns on 2nd Example of this invention. It is a schematic circuit diagram of the engine generator which concerns on 3rd Example of this invention. It is a schematic circuit diagram of the engine generator which concerns on 4th Example of this invention. It is a schematic circuit diagram of the conventional engine generator.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Main armature winding 2 ... Main field winding 3 ... Rotary rectifier 4 ... Excitation machine armature winding 5 ... Excitation machine field winding 6 ... Automatic voltage regulator 7 ... Changeover switch 8 ... Excitation winding 9 ... 1st excitation winding 10 ... 2nd excitation winding 11 ... Permanent magnet generator 12, 13 ... Current transformer for instrument

Claims (3)

  An engine generator configured to supply excitation power to a generator field winding via three or more connection lines, and includes a switch for turning on / off one of the connection lines. Engine generator to be.   Three exciting windings are wound around an iron core wound with a generator armature winding, and the exciting windings are connected in series in a triangular connection with one end open, and taken out from the open end of the triangular connection. In an engine generator that excites a field winding based on a direct current obtained by synthesizing a zero-phase current and a phase current obtained from each excitation winding, the open end of the triangular connection or An engine generator characterized in that a changeover switch is provided in a connection line drawn from a connection portion between each excitation winding.   A generator field winding, a generator armature winding having a three-phase configuration, and a winding pitch that produces an output mainly composed of a fundamental wave; one of the generator armature windings; A first excitation winding provided in the one-phase winding of the generator armature winding so as to produce an output having a phase difference of approximately 90 degrees in electrical angle with respect to the winding output of A winding pitch that produces an output mainly composed of the third harmonic of the fundamental wave, and an output having a phase difference of approximately 90 degrees in electrical angle with respect to the one-phase winding output, A combined rectification output of a second excitation winding provided corresponding to the first excitation winding, a fundamental wave output of the first excitation winding, and a third harmonic output of the second excitation winding is formed. And an excitation generator for exciting the generator field winding based on the combined rectified output. Engine generator characterized in that a changeover switch in the connection line to draw output connection lines or the second excitation winding elicit.

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