JP2008179644A - Method for producing epoxy compound - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To produce an epoxy compound from a corresponding compound comprising a non-aromatic ethylenic double bond at a high yield with a simple operation. <P>SOLUTION: The epoxy compound is produced by causing a corresponding compound comprising a non-aromatic ethylenic double bond to contact with oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst constituted of a N-hydroxyimide compound derived from a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride, an alicyclic polycarboxylic acid anhydride or an aromatic polycarboxylic acid anhydride and a co-catalyst constituted of at least one species selected from the group consisting of an elemental metal, a boron compound, a metal hydroxide, a metal oxide, an organic acid salt, an inorganic acid salt, an acetylacetonate complex, a carbonyl complex, a cyclopentadienyl complex, a nitrosyl compound, a thiocyanate complex, an acetyl complex, a polyacid and a polyacid salt, without using tetraphenylporphyrinate-manganese(III)chloride and styrene and pyridine. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a corresponding epoxy compound from a compound having a non-aromatic ethylene bond, such as alkene and cycloalkene.

  A chain or cyclic epoxy compound is an important compound as a pharmaceutical, a fragrance, a dye, an organic synthetic intermediate, and a polymer resin raw material.

  Epoxy compounds are produced by a reaction between a compound having a non-aromatic ethylene bond such as alkene or cycloalkene and a peracid such as peracetic acid or perbenzoic acid. However, peracids are unstable and require special handling.

  Also known is a method of obtaining an epoxy compound by treating a halohydrin obtained by allowing hypohalous acid to act on an unsaturated compound with an alkali. However, this method is difficult to apply to olefins having a complicated structure. Furthermore, a method for producing a corresponding epoxy compound by allowing a microorganism to act on an unsaturated compound in the presence of oxygen is also known. However, the method using microorganisms is generally disadvantageous in terms of productivity because the substrate concentration cannot be increased.

Among epoxy compounds, 2,3-epoxy alcohol (α-hydroxy epoxy compound) in which a hydroxyl group is bonded to a carbon atom adjacent to an epoxy group is particularly useful as a synthetic intermediate for high value-added products such as pharmaceuticals. is there. As a method for producing such 2,3-epoxy alcohol, Lions, J.E. E. [Lyons, JE], Tetrahedoron Letters, page 2737 (1974) (Non-patent Document 1), cyclohexene and oxygen are present in the presence of a vanadium complex [C ₅ H ₅ V (CO) ₄ ]. A method of reacting underneath to synthesize 2,3-epoxycyclohexanol is disclosed. Kaneda, K. et al., Journal of the Organic Chemistry [J. Org. Chem.], Vol. 45, p. 3004 (1980) (Non-Patent Document 2) include cycloalkene and oxygen. Is reacted with vanadium complex [VO (acac) ₂ ] in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile to obtain the corresponding 2,3-epoxycycloalkanol. However, in these methods, the conversion rate of the reaction components is low, and 2,3-epoxy alcohol cannot be produced with high yield.

Adam, W. et al., Tetrahedoron Letters, page 2839 (1986) (Non-patent Document 3), in the presence of titanium tetraisopropoxide Ti (Oi-Pr) ₄ , A method for producing a corresponding 2,3-epoxy alcohol by reacting an alkene with singlet oxygen is disclosed. However, this method requires a singlet oxygen generator.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-38909 (Patent Document 1) describes that when a hydrocarbon is oxidized in the presence of an imide compound, a corresponding hydroxy compound, aldehyde compound, ketone compound or organic acid is produced. However, this document does not describe the production of a corresponding epoxy compound from a compound having a non-aromatic ethylene double bond.
JP-A-8-38909 Lions, J. E. [Lyons, JE], Tetrahedoron Letters, page 2737 (1974) Kaneda, K., etc., Journal of the Organic Chemistry [J. Org. Chem.], 45, 3004 (1980) Adam, W. et al., Tetrahedoron Letters, 2839 (1986)

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to obtain a corresponding epoxy compound, particularly 2,3-epoxy alcohol (α-hydroxy epoxy compound) from a compound having a non-aromatic ethylene double bond with a simple operation and high yield. It is to provide a method and a catalyst for production.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and a catalyst capable of efficiently producing an epoxy compound with oxygen from a compound having a non-aromatic ethylene double bond under mild conditions.

  As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have found that when an oxidation catalyst composed of an imide compound such as an N-hydroxyphthalimide compound and a specific cocatalyst is used, a non-aromatic ethylene duplex is used. From the compound having a bond, it was found that the corresponding epoxy compound was produced with good yield by oxygen, and the present invention was completed.

  That is, in the production method of the present invention, a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride, alicyclic polyvalent carboxylic acid anhydride or aromatic is used without using tetraphenylporphyrinatomanganese (III) chloride, styrene and pyridine. N-hydroxyimide compounds derived from aromatic polycarboxylic anhydrides, simple metals, boron compounds, metal hydroxides, metal oxides, organic acid salts, inorganic acid salts, acetylacetonato complexes, carbonyl complexes, cyclohexanes Non-aromatic in the presence of an oxidation catalyst comprised of at least one selected from the group consisting of pentadienyl complexes, nitrosyl compounds, thiocyanato complexes, acetyl complexes, polyacids and polyacid salts A compound having an ethylene double bond and oxygen are brought into contact with each other to produce a corresponding epoxy compound.

  The co-catalyst can be composed of a metal compound containing a group 4 element, a group 5 element, a group 6 element, a group 7 element or a group 8 element in the periodic table. The proportion of the promoter may be about 0.001 to 0.1 mol with respect to 1 mol of the N-hydroxyimide compound. The compound having a non-aromatic ethylene bond includes a compound having an ethylene bond and a chain hydrocarbon having 2 to 20 carbon atoms and a 3 to 30 membered cycloalkene ring.

  The oxidation catalyst of the present invention produces a corresponding epoxy compound by contacting a compound having a non-aromatic ethylene bond with oxygen without using tetraphenylporphyrinatomanganese (III) chloride, styrene and pyridine. The oxidation catalyst is composed of the N-hydroxyimide compound and the promoter.

  In the present specification, the “compound having a non-aromatic ethylene double bond” may be simply referred to as “substrate”.

  In the method of the present invention, since the oxidation catalyst composed of the N-hydroxyimide compound and the promoter is used, the yield of the corresponding epoxy compound is obtained from the compound having a non-aromatic ethylene bond by a simple operation. It can be generated well. Moreover, even under mild conditions, an epoxy compound can be produced with high production efficiency by oxygen.

[Imide compound]
The oxidation catalyst is an imide compound represented by the following general formula (1).

(Wherein R ¹ and R ² are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, or an acyl group; R ¹ and R ² may combine with each other to form a double bond or an aromatic or non-aromatic ring, X represents an oxygen atom or a hydroxyl group, and n represents an integer of 1 to 3. Show).

In the compound represented by the general formula (1), the halogen atom in the substituents R ¹ and R ² includes iodine, bromine, chlorine and fluorine. Examples of the alkyl group include linear or branched C _1-10 such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl and decyl groups. A chain alkyl group is included. Preferable alkyl groups include, for example, alkyl groups having about C _1-6 , especially about C _1-4 .

Aryl groups include phenyl groups, naphthyl groups, and the like, and cycloalkyl groups include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl groups, and the like. The alkoxy group includes, for example, about C _1-10 such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, t-butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy groups, preferably about C _1-6 , particularly C _{1- About 4} alkoxy groups are included.

The alkoxycarbonyl group includes, for example, an alkoxy moiety such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl, t-butoxycarbonyl, pentyloxycarbonyl, hexyloxycarbonyl group and the like having a C _{1-10 group.} To the extent alkoxycarbonyl groups are included. Preferred alkoxycarbonyl groups include those having an alkoxy moiety of about C _1-6 , especially about C _1-4 .

Examples of the acyl group include acyl groups having about C _1-6 such as formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, valeryl, isovaleryl, and pivaloyl groups.

The substituents R ¹ and R ² may be the same or different. In the general formula (1), R ¹ and R ² may be bonded to each other to form a double bond or an aromatic or non-aromatic ring. A preferable aromatic or non-aromatic ring is a 5- to 12-membered ring, particularly a 6- to 10-membered ring, and may be a heterocyclic ring or a condensed heterocyclic ring, but is often a hydrocarbon ring. Such a ring includes, for example, a non-aromatic alicyclic ring (a cycloalkene ring which may have a substituent such as a cyclohexane ring and a cycloalkene ring which may have a substituent such as a cyclohexene ring). Ring), non-aromatic bridged ring (such as bridged hydrocarbon ring optionally having substituent such as 5-norbornene ring), benzene ring, naphthalene ring and the like Also good aromatic rings are included. The ring is often composed of an aromatic ring.

  Preferred imide compounds include compounds represented by the following formula.

(Wherein R ^{3 to} R ⁶ are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an acyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, an amino group, or a halogen atom. R ¹ , R ² and n are the same as above).

In the substituents R ^{3 to} R ⁶ , the alkyl group includes the same alkyl group as the above exemplified alkyl group, particularly an alkyl group of about C _1-6 , and the alkoxy group includes the same alkoxy group as described above In particular, the alkoxy group having about C _{1-4 and} the alkoxycarbonyl group include the same alkoxycarbonyl group as described above, particularly an alkoxycarbonyl group having an alkoxy moiety of about C _1-4 . Examples of the acyl group include the same acyl groups as described above, particularly an acyl group of about C _{1-6, and} examples of the halogen atom include fluorine, chlorine, and bromine atoms. The substituents R ^{3 to} R ⁶ are usually a hydrogen atom, a C _1-4 alkyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, or a halogen atom in many cases.

  In the general formula (1), X represents an oxygen atom or a hydroxyl group, and n is usually about 1 to 3, preferably 1 or 2. The compound represented by General formula (1) can be used 1 type, or 2 or more types in an epoxidation reaction.

  Examples of the acid anhydride corresponding to the imide compound represented by the general formula (1) include saturated or unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic anhydrides such as succinic anhydride and maleic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, and hexahydro anhydride. Saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic cyclic polyvalent carboxylic acid anhydrides such as phthalic acid (1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid anhydride), 1,2,3,4-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid 1,2-anhydride ( Alicyclic polyhydric carboxylic acid anhydrides), heptic anhydride, hymic anhydride, etc., bridged cyclic polyhydric carboxylic anhydrides (alicyclic polycarboxylic anhydrides), phthalic anhydride, tetrabromophthalic anhydride , Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, nitrophthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, methylcyclohexeric carboxylic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, melittic anhydride, , 8; include aromatic polycarboxylic acid anhydrides such as 4,5-naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride.

  Preferred imide compounds include, for example, N-hydroxysuccinimide, N-hydroxymaleimide, N-hydroxyhexahydrophthalimide, N, N'-dihydroxycyclohexanetetracarboxylic imide, N-hydroxyphthalimide, N-hydroxytetrabromophthalimide, N-hydroxytetrachlorophthalimide, N-hydroxyhetamic imide, N-hydroxyhymic imide, N-hydroxytrimellitic imide, N, N'-dihydroxypyromellitic acid Examples thereof include imide and N, N′-dihydroxynaphthalenetetracarboxylic imide. Particularly preferred compounds include alicyclic polycarboxylic anhydrides, especially N-hydroxyimide compounds derived from aromatic polycarboxylic anhydrides, such as N-hydroxyphthalimide.

The imide compound can be prepared by a conventional imidization reaction, for example, by reacting a corresponding acid anhydride with hydroxylamine NH ₂ OH to open a ring of an acid anhydride, and then ring-closing and imidizing.

[Cocatalyst]
The catalyst may be composed of an imide compound represented by the formula (1) and a promoter. The co-catalyst includes a metal compound, for example, a compound containing a periodic table group 2 element (magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, etc.), a transition element, and a periodic table group 13 element (boron B, aluminum Al, etc.). The promoter can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  Examples of the transition metal element include Group 3 elements in the periodic table (for example, scandium Sc and yttrium Y, lanthanoid elements such as lanthanum La, cerium Ce, and samarium Sm, and actinoid elements such as actinoid Ac), group 4 elements (Titanium Ti, Zirconium Zr, Hafnium Hf, etc.) Group 5 elements (Vanadium V, Niobium Nb, Tantalum Ta, etc.), Group 6 elements (Chromium Cr, Molybdenum Mo, Tungsten W, etc.), Group 7 elements (Manganese Mn, Technetium, etc.) Tc, rhenium Re, etc.), group 8 elements (iron Fe, ruthenium Ru, osmium Os), group 9 elements (cobalt Co, rhodium Rh, iridium Ir), group 10 elements (nickel Ni, palladium Pd, platinum Pt, etc.), Group 11 elements (copper Cu, silver Ag, gold Au, etc.), group 12 elements ( Lead Zn, cadmium Cd, etc.) and the like.

  Preferred elements constituting the promoter include transition metal elements (for example, lanthanoid elements such as Ce, periodic table group 3 elements such as actinoid elements, group 4 elements such as Ti, Zr, and Hf, V, Nb, Ta, etc. Group 5 elements such as Cr, Mo and W, Group 7 elements such as Mn, Tc and Re, Group 8 elements such as Fe, Ru and Os, Group 11 elements such as Cu), B and the like 13 Group elements are included. Among them, the periodic table group 4 element, group 5 element, group 6 element, group 7 element, group 8 element and the like are preferable. The oxidation number of the metal element constituting the promoter is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 0, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, etc., depending on the type of element.

  The cocatalyst may be a simple metal, a metal hydroxide, or the like, but usually a metal oxide containing the above elements (including double oxides, oxygen acids or salts thereof), organic acid salts, inorganic acid salts, In many cases, it is a halide, a coordination compound (complex) containing the metal element, a polyacid (heteropolyacid or isopolyacid) or a salt thereof.

Examples of the boron compound include borohydride (eg, borane, diborane, tetraborane, pentaborane, decaborane, etc.), boric acid (eg, orthoboric acid, metaboric acid, tetraboric acid, etc.), borate (eg, nickel borate, Magnesium borate, manganese borate, etc.), boron oxides such as B ₂ O ₃ , nitrogen compounds such as borazane, borazine, borazine, boron amide, boron imide, halogens such as BF ₃ , BCl ₃ , tetrafluoroborate And boric acid esters (for example, methyl borate, phenyl borate, etc.). Preferred boron compounds include boric acid such as borohydride, orthoboric acid or salts thereof, and especially boric acid.

Examples of the metal hydroxide include Mn (OH) ₂ , MnO (OH), Fe (OH) ₂ , Fe (OH) _{3 and the} like. A metal oxide, _{e.g., TiO 2, ZrO 2, V} 2 O 3, V 2 O 5, CrO, Cr 2 O 3, MoO 3, W 2 O 3, MnO, Mn 3 O 4, Mn 2 O 3 , MnO ₂ , Mn ₂ O ₇ , FeO, Fe ₂ O ₃ , Fe ₃ O ₄ , RuO ₂ , RuO _{4 and the} like. Examples of the double oxide or oxygen acid (or a salt thereof) include MnAl ₂ O ₄ , MnTiO ₃ , LaMnO ₃ , K ₂ Mn ₂ O ₅ , CaO · xMnO ₂ (x = 0.5, ₁ , ₂ , ₃₎ . 5); Manganic acid or a salt thereof [for example, manganese (V) salts such as Na ₃ MnO ₄ and Ba ₃ (MnO ₄ ) ₂ , manganese such as K ₂ MnO ₄ , Na ₂ MnO ₄ and BaMnO ₄ (VI ) Acid salt, KMnO ₄ , NaMnO ₄ , LiMnO ₄ , NH ₄ MnO ₄ , CsMnO ₄ , AgMnO ₄ , Ca (MnO ₄ ) ₂ , Zn (MnO ₄ ) ₂ , Ba (MnO ₄ ) ₂ , Mg (MnO ₄ ) ₂ , permanganate such as Cd (MnO ₄ ) ₂ ]; vanadic acid, niobic acid, tantalum acid, molybdic acid, tungstic acid or salts of these oxygen acids.

Examples of the organic acid salt include C _2-20 fatty acid (or alicyclic carboxylic acid) salt such as manganese acetate, manganese propionate, manganese naphthenate, and manganese stearate, manganese thiocyanate, corresponding Ti salt, and Zr salt. , V salt, Cr salt, Mo salt, Fe salt, Ru salt and the like. Examples of inorganic acid salts include nitrates such as iron nitrate and manganese nitrate, and sulfates, phosphates and carbonates corresponding thereto. (For example, iron sulfate, manganese sulfate, iron phosphate, manganese phosphate, iron carbonate, manganese carbonate, iron perchlorate, etc.). As the halides, _{e.g., TiCl 2, ZrCl 2, ZrOCl} 2, VCl 3, VOCl 2, MnCl 2, MnCl 3, FeCl 2, FeCl 3, chlorides such as RuCl ₃ and, fluorides corresponding to these , Halides such as bromide and iodide (for example, MnF ₂ , MnBr ₂ , MnF ₃ , FeF ₂ , FeF ₃ , FeBr ₂ , FeBr ₃ , FeI ₂ , CuBr, CuBr _2, etc.), M ¹ MnCl ₃ , M Examples thereof include double halides such as ¹ ₂ MnCl ₄ , M ¹ ₂ MnCl ₅ , and M ¹ ₂ MnCl ₆ (M ¹ represents a monovalent metal).

The ligands forming the complex include alkoxy groups such as OH (hydroxo), methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, and butoxy groups, acyl groups such as acetyl (OAc) and propionyl, and alkoxy groups such as methoxycarbonyl (acetato) and ethoxycarbonyl. Carbonyl group, acetylacetonato (AA), cyclopentadienyl group, halogen atom such as chlorine and bromine, CO, CN, oxygen atom, H ₂ O (aco), phosphine (for example, triarylphosphine such as triphenylphosphine) ) And the like, and nitrogen-containing compounds such as NH ₃ (ammine), NO, NO ₂ (nitro), NO ₃ (nitrato), ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, pyridine, and phenanthroline. In the complex or complex salt, the same or different ligands may be coordinated with one or more. Preferred ligands include, for example, phosphorus compounds such as OH, alkoxy groups, acyl groups, alkoxycarbonyl groups, acetylacetonato, halogen atoms, CO, CN, H ₂ O (aco), triphenylphosphine, NH ₃ , NO ₂ and NO ₃ are included.

Preferred complexes include complexes containing the preferred transition metal elements. A transition metal element and a ligand can be appropriately combined to form a complex. For example, an acetylacetonate complex (for example, Ce, Sm, Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Ru, Acetylacetonate complexes such as Cu and Zn, titanylacetylacetonate complexes TiO (AA) ₂ , zirconylacetylacetonate complexes ZrO (AA) ₂ , vanadylacetylacetonate complexes VO (AA) ₂ , carbonyl complexes and cyclopenta Dienyl complexes (for example, tricarbonylcyclopentadienyl manganese (I), biscyclopentadienyl manganese (II), biscyclopentadienyl iron (II), Fe (CO) ₅ , Fe ₂ (CO) ₉ , Fe ₃ (CO) _12, etc.), nitrosyl compounds _{(e.g., Fe (NO) 4, Fe} (CO) 2 (NO) 2 , etc.), thiocyanato complexes (e.g., cobalt Oshianato, manganese thiocyanato, such as iron thiocyanato), acetyl complexes (e.g., cobalt acetate, manganese acetate, iron acetate, copper acetate, zirconyl acetate ZrO (OAc) _2, acetic acid titanyl TiO (OAc) _2, acetic acid vanadyl VO (OAc ₂ ) etc.).

  For example, the polyacid is often at least one of elements of Group 5 or 6 of the periodic table, such as V (vanadic acid), Mo (molybdic acid) and W (tungstic acid), and the central atom is not particularly limited. For example, Be, B, Al, Si, Ge, Sn, Ti, Zr, Th, N, P, As, Sb, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, S, Se, Te, Mn, I Fe, Co, Ni, Rh, Os, Ir, Pt, Cu, etc. may be used. Specific examples of the heteropolyacid include, for example, cobalt molybdic acid, cobalt tungstic acid, molybdenum tungstic acid, manganese molybdic acid, manganese tungstic acid, manganese molybdenum tungstic acid, vanadomolybdophosphoric acid, manganese vanadium molybdic acid, and manganese vanadomolyb Examples include doric acid, vanadium molybdic acid, vanadium tungstic acid, silicomolybdic acid, silicotungstic acid, phosphomolybdic acid, phosphotungstic acid, phosphovanadomolybdic acid, and phosphovanadotungstic acid.

  The imide compound represented by the formula (1) or the catalyst composed of the imide compound and the cocatalyst may be a homogeneous system or a heterogeneous system. The catalyst may be a solid catalyst having a catalyst component supported on a carrier. As the carrier, porous carriers such as activated carbon, zeolite, silica, silica-alumina and bentonite are often used. The supported amount of the catalyst component in the solid catalyst is 0.1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 30 parts by weight, more preferably 100 parts by weight of the imide compound represented by the formula (1). About 1 to 20 parts by weight. The amount of the cocatalyst supported is 0.1 to 30 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 25 parts by weight, and more preferably about 1 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the carrier.

  The amount of the imide compound represented by the general formula (1) can be selected within a wide range, for example, 0.001 mol (0.1 mol%) to 1 mol (100 mol%) with respect to 1 mol of the substrate. , Preferably 0.001 mol (0.1 mol%) to 0.5 mol (50 mol%), more preferably about 0.01 to 0.30 mol, and about 0.01 to 0.25 mol. There are many cases.

  Further, the amount of the cocatalyst (co-oxidant) to be used can be appropriately selected within the range where the reactivity and selectivity are not lowered. Mol (100 mol%), preferably 0.00005 to 0.7 mol, more preferably about 0.0001 to 0.5 mol, and 0.0002 to 0.1 mol (for example, 0.0002 to 0.00 mol). It is often about 01 mol).

  In addition, the activity of the imide compound may decrease as the amount of the promoter increases. Therefore, in order to maintain the high activity of the oxidation catalyst system, the proportion of the cocatalyst is not less than an effective amount and not more than 0.1 mol (for example, 0.001 to. 1 mol, preferably 0.005 to 0.08 mol, more preferably about 0.007 to 0.07 mol).

  When heteropoly acid or a salt thereof is used as a cocatalyst, it is 0.1 to 25 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by weight, and more preferably about 1 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the substrate.

  By using such an oxidation catalyst, the epoxidation reaction of a non-aromatic ethylene bond can be catalytically promoted even under mild conditions with high oxidation activity, and the corresponding epoxy compound can be produced in high yield. Can do.

  In particular, when the imide compound is used in combination with a metal compound containing a group 4 element, a group 5 element, a group 6 element, a group 7 element or a group 8 element in the periodic table, an epoxy compound can be obtained with high selectivity. it can. In particular, when a compound having a carbon-hydrogen bond at a site adjacent to an ethylene bond is used as a substrate, the corresponding 2,3-epoxy alcohol can be produced in a high yield.

[Substrate]
The compound having a non-aromatic ethylene bond as a substrate includes (A) a chain hydrocarbon having an ethylene bond and (B) a compound having a cycloalkene ring, and a plurality of non-aromatics in the molecule. It may have an ethylene bond.

  Examples of the chain hydrocarbon (A) having an ethylene bond include linear or branched hydrocarbons such as ethene, propene, 1-butene, 2-butene, 1-pentene, 2-pentene and 1-hexene. , 2-hexene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, 3-hexene, 1-heptene, 2-heptene, 1-octene, 2-octene, 3-octene, 2-methyl-2-butene, 1-nonene , 2-nonene, decene, undecene, dodecene, tetradecene, hexadecene, octadecene and other alkenes; for example, butadiene, isoprene, 1,5-hexanediene, 1,6-heptadiene, 1,7-octadiene, 2,6-octadiene , Decadiene, undecadiene, dodecadiene and other alkadienes; for example, undecatriene, dodecatriene, etc. Lien and the like. These chain hydrocarbons include, for example, hydroxyl groups, mercapto groups, carboxyl groups, substituted oxy groups (alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, etc.), substituted thio groups (alkylthio groups, arylthio groups, etc.), substituted oxycarbonyl groups (alkoxy groups). Carbonyl group, aryloxycarbonyl group, etc.), oxo group, carbamoyl group, substituted carbamoyl group, cyano group, nitro group, amino group, substituted amino group, sulfo group, aromatic hydrocarbon group, heterocyclic group, halogen atom, etc. It may have a substituent. The carbon number of the chain hydrocarbon (A) is, for example, about 2 to 20, preferably about 2 to 12.

  Examples of the compound (B) having a cycloalkene ring include cycloalkenes such as cyclopropene, cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene, cyclooctene, cyclononene, cyclodecene, cycloundecene, and cyclododecene; for example, cyclopentadiene, 1,3 A cycloalkadiene such as cyclohexadiene, 1,4-cyclohexadiene, 1,3-cycloheptadiene, 1,4-cycloheptadiene, 1,5-cyclooctadiene, cyclodecadiene, cyclododecadiene; Cycloalkatrienes such as cyclooctatriene; for example, cycloalkatetraenes such as cyclooctatetraene. These compounds have, for example, an alkyl group (for example, C1-4 alkyl group), hydroxyl group, mercapto group, hydroxyalkyl group, carboxyl group, substituted oxy group (alkoxy group, aryloxy group, etc.) on the cycloalkene ring. , Substituted oxycarbonyl groups (alkoxycarbonyl groups, aryloxycarbonyl groups, etc.), substituted thio groups (alkylthio groups, arylthio groups, etc.), oxo groups, carbamoyl groups, substituted carbamoyl groups, cyano groups, amino groups, substituted amino groups, nitro A substituent such as a group, a sulfo group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a heterocyclic group, or a halogen atom. Preferred compounds (B) include compounds having 3 to 30 membered rings (for example, 3 to 20 membered rings), preferably 3 to 16 membered rings, particularly 5 to 12 membered rings (for example, 5 to 10 membered rings). included.

  When these compounds having a non-aromatic ethylene bond are oxidized by the method of the present invention, the ethylene bond is epoxidized even under mild conditions, and the compound has a carbon-hydrogen bond at an adjacent site of the ethylene bond. Then, a hydroxyl group is introduced into the carbon atom adjacent to the ethylene bond, and the corresponding epoxide and / or 2,3-epoxy alcohol can be efficiently produced. In particular, when a compound having a cycloalkene ring is used, 2,3-epoxy alcohol can be easily generated.

[Epoxidation reaction]
The oxygen used for the epoxidation of the compound having a non-aromatic ethylene bond may be active oxygen, but it is economically advantageous to use molecular oxygen. The molecular oxygen is not particularly limited, and pure oxygen may be used, or oxygen diluted with an inert gas such as nitrogen, helium, argon, or carbon dioxide may be used. From the viewpoint of not only operability and safety but also economy, it is preferable to use air.

  The amount of oxygen used can be selected according to the type of the substrate, and is usually 0.5 mol or more (for example, 1 mol or more), preferably 1 to 100 mol, more preferably 2 to 50, relative to 1 mol of the substrate. It is about a mole. In many cases, an excess molar amount of oxygen relative to the substrate is used, and it is particularly advantageous to carry out the reaction in an atmosphere containing molecular oxygen such as air or oxygen.

  The process of the present invention is usually carried out in an organic solvent inert to the reaction. Examples of the organic solvent include organic acids such as acetic acid and propionic acid, nitriles such as acetonitrile, propionitrile and benzonitrile, amides such as formamide, acetamide, dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylacetamide, hexane, octane and the like. Aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride and chlorobenzene, nitro compounds such as nitrobenzene, nitromethane and nitroethane, esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate Or a mixed solvent thereof. In addition, you may utilize a substrate as a reaction solvent by using an excess amount of a substrate. As the solvent, organic acids such as acetic acid, nitriles such as acetonitrile, and halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloroethane are often used.

  The method of the present invention is characterized in that the epoxidation reaction proceeds smoothly even under relatively mild conditions. The reaction temperature can be appropriately selected according to the type of the substrate, and is, for example, 0 to 300 ° C., preferably 30 to 250 ° C., more preferably about 40 to 200 ° C., and usually about 50 to 150 ° C. (for example, The reaction often occurs at about 50 to 90 ° C. The reaction can be carried out at normal pressure or under pressure. When the reaction is carried out under pressure, it is usually 1 to 100 atm (for example, 1.5 to 80 atm), preferably 2 to 70 atm, more preferably 5 It is often about 50 atm. The reaction time can be appropriately selected from the range of, for example, 30 minutes to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 36 hours, more preferably 2 to 24 hours, depending on the reaction temperature and pressure. In addition, by controlling the reaction temperature and reaction time according to the type of substrate, the type of catalyst and cocatalyst, etc., the production of by-products (such as ketones) is suppressed and the epoxy compound is produced with good selectivity. be able to.

  The reaction may be carried out by a conventional method such as batch, semi-batch or continuous in the presence of molecular oxygen or in the presence of molecular oxygen in the presence of the catalyst. be able to. After completion of the reaction, the reaction product is easily separated and purified by a conventional method such as filtration, concentration, distillation, extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, column chromatography, or a combination of these. it can.

  In the method of the present invention, an epoxy compound that can be used as an intermediate compound of a pharmaceutical, a fragrance, a dye, a food, an organic synthetic intermediate, and a polymer resin raw material is obtained from a compound having a non-aromatic ethylene bond such as an alkene or cycloalkene. Can do.

    Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1
A mixture of 3 mmol of cyclohexene, 1.25 mol% of N-hydroxyphthalimide with respect to cyclohexene, 0.05 mol% of vanadyl acetylacetonate VO (AA) _{2 with} respect to cyclohexene, 5 ml of 1,2-dichloroethane, The mixture was stirred at 70 ° C. for 4 hours under atmosphere. When the product in the reaction solution was examined by gas chromatography analysis, 2,3-epoxycyclohexanol (selectivity 66%) and cyclohexene oxide (selectivity 11%) were obtained with a conversion rate of cyclohexene of 70%. It was. In addition to the above compounds, 2-cyclohexen-1-one (selectivity 15%) and 2-cyclohexen-1-ol (selectivity 4%) were produced.

Example 2
The reaction was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 5 mol% of N-hydroxyphthalimide was used with respect to cyclohexene. As a result, the conversion of cyclohexene was 95%, 2,3-epoxycyclohexanol (selectivity 56%), and cyclohexene. Oxide (selectivity 10%) was obtained. In addition to the above compounds, 2-cyclohexen-1-one (selectivity 21%) and 2-cyclohexen-1-ol (selectivity 2%) were produced.

Example 3
Example 10 was repeated except that N-hydroxyphthalimide was used at 10 mol% with respect to cyclohexene and vanadyl acetylacetonate VO (AA) ₂ was used at 0.5 mol% with respect to cyclohexene and reacted at 25 ° C. for 18 hours. When reacted, the conversion of cyclohexene was 71%, and 2,3-epoxycyclohexanol (selectivity 48%) and cyclohexene oxide (selectivity 15%) were obtained. In addition to the above compounds, 2-cyclohexen-1-one (selectivity 15%) and 2-cyclohexen-1-ol (selectivity 4%) were produced.

Example 4
In place of vanadyl acetylacetonate VO (AA) ₂ , manganese (II) acetylacetonate Mn (AA) ₂ was reacted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.05 mol% of cyclohexene was used. 2,3-epoxycyclohexanol (yield 60%) was obtained at a conversion of 67%.

Example 5
In place of vanadyl acetylacetonate VO (AA) ₂ , manganese (III) acetylacetonate Mn (AA) ₃ was reacted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.05 mol% of cyclohexene was used. 2,3-epoxycyclohexanol was obtained (yield 62%) at a conversion of 66%.

Example 6
The reaction was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.05 mol% of molybdate H ₂ MoO ₄ was used in place of vanadyl acetylacetonate VO (AA) ₂ with respect to cyclohexene, and the conversion of cyclohexene was 58%. 2,3-epoxycyclohexanol (52% yield) was obtained.

Example 7
When the reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.05 mol% of iron acetylacetonate Fe (AA) ₃ was used instead of vanadylacetylacetonate VO (AA) ₂ with respect to cyclohexene, the conversion of cyclohexene At 52%, 2,3-epoxycyclohexanol (yield 50%) was obtained.

Example 8
When the reaction was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.05 mol% of manganese acetate Mn (OAc) ₂ was used instead of vanadyl acetylacetonate VO (AA) ₂ , cyclohexene conversion was 71%. Thus, 2,3-epoxycyclohexanol (yield 66%) was obtained.

Example 9
When the reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.05 mol% of chromium acetylacetonate Cr (AA) ₃ was used instead of vanadyl acetylacetonate VO (AA) ₂ with respect to cyclohexene, the conversion of cyclohexene In 74%, 2,3-1-cyclohexanol (yield 71%) was obtained.

Example 10
In place of vanadyl acetylacetonate VO (AA) ₂ , tungsten oxide W ₂ O ₃ was reacted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.05 mol% with respect to cyclohexene was used. As a result, the conversion of cyclohexene was 51%. 2,3-epoxycyclohexanol (yield 47%) was obtained.

Comparative Example 1
When the reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.5 mol% of vanadyl acetylacetonate VO (AA) ₂ was used with respect to cyclohexene without using N-hydroxyphthalimide, the conversion of cyclohexene was less than 5%. Only a small amount of cyclohexene oxide (selectivity of less than 1%) was produced, and no 2,3-epoxycyclohexanol was produced.

Claims (5)

  Derived from saturated or unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic anhydride, alicyclic polycarboxylic anhydride or aromatic polycarboxylic anhydride without using tetraphenylporphyrinatomanganese (III) chloride, styrene and pyridine N-hydroxyimide compound, simple metal, boron compound, metal hydroxide, metal oxide, organic acid salt, inorganic acid salt, acetylacetonato complex, carbonyl complex, cyclopentadienyl complex, nitrosyl compound, thiocyanate A compound having a non-aromatic ethylene bond and oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst comprising at least one co-catalyst selected from the group consisting of a complex, an acetyl complex, a polyacid and a polyacid salt The manufacturing method of the epoxy compound which makes this contact and produces | generates a corresponding epoxy compound.   The method for producing an epoxy compound according to claim 1, wherein the promoter is a metal compound containing a Group 4 element, a Group 5 element, a Group 6 element, a Group 7 element, or a Group 8 element of the Periodic Table.   The method for producing an epoxy compound according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the proportion of the cocatalyst is 0.001 to 0.1 mol with respect to 1 mol of the N-hydroxyimide compound.   The compound having a non-aromatic ethylene bond is a compound having a C2-C20 chain hydrocarbon having an ethylene bond or a 3- to 30-membered cycloalkene ring. A method for producing an epoxy compound.   An oxidation catalyst for producing a corresponding epoxy compound by contacting a compound having a non-aromatic ethylene bond and oxygen without using tetraphenylporphyrinatomanganese (III) chloride, styrene and pyridine. N-hydroxyimide compounds derived from saturated or unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, alicyclic polycarboxylic acid anhydrides or aromatic polycarboxylic acid anhydrides, simple metals, boron compounds, metal hydroxides Selected from the group consisting of oxides, metal oxides, organic acid salts, inorganic acid salts, acetylacetonato complexes, carbonyl complexes, cyclopentadienyl complexes, nitrosyl compounds, thiocyanato complexes, acetyl complexes, polyacids and polyacid salts An oxidation catalyst composed of at least one cocatalyst.