JP2008154804A - Device for discriminating living body condition, and laser blood flowmeter - Google Patents
Device for discriminating living body condition, and laser blood flowmeter Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、生体状態鑑別用装置及びレーザ血流計に関する。 The present invention relates to a biological state discrimination device and a laser blood flow meter.
従来、生体のストレスや病態の鑑別は、例えば、採血データや、唾液などの体液データといった単発的な情報解析と、心拍又は脈拍のＲ−Ｒ間隔による情報の解析により行われている。 Conventionally, a stress or pathological condition of a living body is identified by, for example, a single information analysis such as blood collection data or body fluid data such as saliva, and an analysis of information based on an RR interval of a heartbeat or a pulse.
例えば、特許文献１には、生体の循環動態（血流など）を測定する装置において、生体の発汗を検出する発汗センサを用いて生体のストレスや緊張や興奮度合いを検出し、検出されたストレスや緊張や興奮度合いを考慮して循環動態の検出値を補正する技術が開示されている。 For example, in Patent Document 1, in a device that measures the circulatory dynamics (blood flow, etc.) of a living body, the stress, tension, and excitement level of the living body are detected using a sweating sensor that detects sweating of the living body, and the detected stress. And a technique for correcting the detected value of circulatory dynamics in consideration of the degree of tension and excitement.
また、例えばレーザ血流計を用いた従来の生体の状態の鑑別は、被験者毎のデータを比較する事により、相対的な差又は変化を基に比較し個人のレベルで鑑別を行っていた。すなわち、被験者Ａの状態の鑑別は、例えば、被験者Ａから得られた過去のデータと新たに得られたデータとを比較することにより、行われていた。
しかしながら、レーザ血流計により測定されるサンプルボリュームは極めて小さく、例えば長径が１ｍｍ〜３ｍｍの半長球である。そして、このサンプルボリュームにおける血流量を測定する。 However, the sample volume measured by the laser blood flow meter is extremely small, for example, a hemispherical sphere having a major axis of 1 mm to 3 mm. Then, the blood flow in the sample volume is measured.
このため、測定対象となる組織中の血流量は被験者毎に異なり、しかも、同じ被験者でも身体の部位によって異なってしまう。 For this reason, the blood flow rate in the tissue to be measured varies from subject to subject, and even the same subject varies depending on the body part.
従って、従来は、複数の被験者における定量的な比較によって各被験者の生体状態を鑑別することが困難であるという問題があった。 Therefore, conventionally, there has been a problem that it is difficult to distinguish the biological state of each subject by quantitative comparison among a plurality of subjects.
また、従来は、例えば、鑑別者（医師など）が、被験者の血流動態が安定しているか不安定であるかを判断する手法であったため、鑑別結果が主観的となりがちであった。 Conventionally, for example, a discriminator (such as a doctor) has been a method of determining whether the blood flow dynamics of a subject is stable or unstable, and thus the discrimination result tends to be subjective.
加えて、血流計のセンサ部分の装着圧力の加減により、サンプルボリューム内の組織血液量は変化してしまうため、同一被験者における測定であっても、装着に工夫が必要であった。 In addition, since the amount of tissue blood in the sample volume changes due to the adjustment of the mounting pressure at the sensor portion of the blood flow meter, it is necessary to devise the mounting even for the same subject.
本発明は、上記のような問題点を解決するためになされたもので、被験体（被験者など）によらず、定量的に生体状態を鑑別することが可能な生体状態鑑別用装置及びレーザ血流計を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and a biological state identification device and laser blood that can quantitatively distinguish a biological state regardless of a subject (such as a subject). The purpose is to provide a flow meter.
また、好ましくは、血流計のセンサ部分の装着圧力を一定にすることが可能な生体状態鑑別用装置及びレーザ血流計を提供することを目的とする。 It is another object of the present invention to provide a biological state discrimination device and a laser blood flow meter that can make the mounting pressure of the sensor portion of the blood flow meter constant.
上記課題を解決するため、本発明の生体状態鑑別用装置は、生体の状態の鑑別に用いられる生体状態鑑別用装置であって、生体の血流量を測定する血流量測定手段により所定時間内において測定された複数の測定値の標準偏差値をＳＤ、前記複数の測定値の平均値をＭｅａｎとすると、ＳＤ／Ｍｅａｎと相関のあるパラメータを演算する演算手段を備えることを特徴としている。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the biological state discrimination device of the present invention is a biological state discrimination device used for discrimination of the state of a living body, and within a predetermined time by a blood flow measuring means for measuring the blood flow of the living body. When a standard deviation value of a plurality of measured values is SD and an average value of the plurality of measured values is Mean, a calculation means for calculating a parameter correlated with SD / Mean is provided.
ＳＤ／Ｍｅａｎと相関のあるパラメータは、ＳＤ／Ｍｅａｎと正の相関のあるパラメータであっても良いし、ＳＤ／Ｍｅａｎと負の相関のあるパラメータであっても良い。 The parameter having a correlation with SD / Mean may be a parameter having a positive correlation with SD / Mean, or may be a parameter having a negative correlation with SD / Mean.
本発明の生体状態鑑別用装置においては、前記演算手段は、ＳＤ／Ｍｅａｎに１００を乗算することにより百分率で表したパラメータを演算することが好ましい。 In the biological state discrimination device according to the present invention, it is preferable that the calculation means calculates a parameter expressed as a percentage by multiplying SD / Mean by 100.
本発明の生体状態鑑別用装置においては、前記演算手段により演算されたパラメータに基づいて、生体の状態を鑑別する鑑別手段を更に備えることが好ましい。 In the biological state discrimination device of the present invention, it is preferable that the biological state discrimination device further includes a discrimination unit that discriminates a biological state based on the parameter calculated by the calculation unit.
前記鑑別手段は、一例として、前記パラメータの値に基づいて、生体がストレス過剰であるかどうかを鑑別する。 As an example, the discrimination means discriminates whether the living body is overstressed based on the value of the parameter.
また、前記鑑別手段は、一例として、前記パラメータの値に基づいて、生体が糖尿病であるかどうか、或いは、糖尿病に合併症を併発しているかどうかを鑑別する。 Further, as an example, the discrimination means discriminates whether the living body is diabetic or whether complications are associated with diabetes based on the value of the parameter.
また、前記鑑別手段は、一例として、前記パラメータの値に基づいて、生体が糖尿病又は高血圧症であるかどうかを鑑別する。 Moreover, the said discrimination means discriminate | determines whether a biological body has diabetes or hypertension based on the value of the said parameter as an example.
また、前記鑑別手段は、一例として、前記パラメータの値に基づいて、生体が動脈硬化症又は虚血肢であるかどうかを鑑別する。 Moreover, the said discrimination means discriminate | determines whether a biological body is an arteriosclerosis or an ischemic limb based on the value of the said parameter as an example.
また、前記鑑別手段は、第１の所定時間内において測定された複数の測定値を用いて演算された前記パラメータの推移と、前記第１の所定時間よりも長い第２の所定時間内において測定された複数の測定値を用いて演算された前記パラメータと、に基づいて鑑別を行うことが好ましい。 In addition, the discrimination means measures the transition of the parameter calculated using a plurality of measured values measured within a first predetermined time and the second predetermined time longer than the first predetermined time. It is preferable to perform discrimination based on the parameters calculated using the plurality of measured values.
本発明の生体状態鑑別用装置においては、前記演算手段による演算結果、又は、前記演算結果を加工したデータを表示する表示装置を更に備えることが好ましい。 In the biological state discrimination device of the present invention, it is preferable to further include a display device that displays a calculation result by the calculation means or data obtained by processing the calculation result.
本発明の生体状態鑑別用装置においては、前記血流量測定手段を更に備えることが好ましい。 In the biological state discrimination device of the present invention, it is preferable to further include the blood flow measuring means.
前記血流量測定手段は、無侵襲で生体の血流量を測定する装置からなることが好ましい。 It is preferable that the blood flow rate measuring means is a non-invasive device that measures a blood flow rate of a living body.
前記血流量測定手段は、生体の細動脈の血流量を測定する装置からなることが好ましい。 The blood flow measuring means preferably comprises a device for measuring the blood flow of a living arteriole.
前記血流量測定手段は、レーザ血流計、微弱強度の超音波を用いる超音波血流計、又は、光電式脈波計からなり、無侵襲で生体の細動脈の血流量を測定することがより好ましい。 The blood flow measuring means comprises a laser blood flow meter, an ultrasonic blood flow meter using weak ultrasonic waves, or a photoelectric pulse wave meter, and can measure the blood flow in a living arteriole in a non-invasive manner. More preferred.
前記血流量測定手段は、具体的には、例えば、生体組織にレーザ光を照射するレーザ光源と、前記レーザ光源により照射されるレーザ光が生体組織内で散乱することによって生じる散乱光を検出する検出手段と、生体組織を挟持する挟持部と、前記挟持部により挟持された生体組織を所定圧力で加圧する加圧機構と、を備えるレーザ血流計であり、前記挟持部を構成するうちで、測定の際に生体組織に対し一方の側となる部分には前記レーザ光源が配置され、他方の側となる部分には前記検出手段が配置されたことにより、レーザ光が前方散乱した散乱光を前記検出手段によって検出するように構成され、前記挟持部により生体組織を挟持し該生体組織を前記加圧機構により所定圧力に加圧した状態で前記検出手段により検出される散乱光に基づいて、血流量を測定するものであることが好ましい一例である。 Specifically, the blood flow measuring means detects, for example, a laser light source that irradiates a living tissue with laser light, and scattered light that is generated by scattering of the laser light irradiated by the laser light source in the living tissue. A laser blood flow meter comprising: a detection unit; a sandwiching unit that sandwiches the living tissue; and a pressurizing mechanism that pressurizes the living tissue sandwiched by the sandwiching unit with a predetermined pressure. In the measurement, the laser light source is disposed on the part on one side of the living tissue, and the detection means is disposed on the part on the other side, so that the scattered light in which the laser light is scattered forward Is detected by the detection means, and the scattered light detected by the detection means in a state where the biological tissue is clamped by the clamping unit and the biological tissue is pressurized to a predetermined pressure by the pressurizing mechanism. Zui and an example it is preferable that measuring blood flow.
或いは、前記血流量測定手段は、生体組織にレーザ光を照射するレーザ光源と、前記レーザ光源により照射されるレーザ光が生体組織内で後方散乱した散乱光を検出する検出手段と、前記レーザ光源及び前記検出手段が設けられ、生体の一部に巻き付けられるバンド状体と、前記バンド状体が巻かれた部位を所定圧力で加圧する加圧機構と、を備えるレーザ血流計であり、前記バンド状体を生体の一部に巻き付けることにより、前記レーザ光源及び前記検出手段が生体組織に向かうように構成され、前記バンド状体を生体の一部に巻き付け、前記バンド状体が巻かれた部位を前記加圧機構により所定圧力で加圧した状態で、前記検出手段により検出される散乱光に基づいて血流量を測定するものであることも好ましい。 Alternatively, the blood flow measuring means includes a laser light source for irradiating a living tissue with laser light, a detecting means for detecting scattered light backscattered in the living tissue by the laser light irradiated by the laser light source, and the laser light source. And a laser blood flow meter comprising: a band-like body that is provided with the detection means and wound around a part of a living body; and a pressurizing mechanism that pressurizes a portion around which the band-like body is wound with a predetermined pressure, By winding the band-shaped body around a part of the living body, the laser light source and the detection means are configured to face the living tissue, and the band-shaped body is wound around a part of the living body, and the band-shaped body is wound. It is also preferable that the blood flow rate is measured based on the scattered light detected by the detection means in a state where the part is pressurized at a predetermined pressure by the pressurizing mechanism.
また、本発明に係るレーザ血流計は、生体組織にレーザ光を照射するレーザ光源と、前記レーザ光源により照射されるレーザ光が生体組織内で散乱することによって生じる散乱光を検出する検出手段と、生体組織を挟持する挟持部と、前記挟持部により挟持された生体組織を所定圧力で加圧する加圧機構と、を備え、前記挟持部を構成するうちで、測定の際に生体組織に対し一方の側となる部分には前記レーザ光源が配置され、他方の側となる部分には前記検出手段が配置されたことにより、レーザ光が前方散乱した散乱光を前記検出手段によって検出するように構成され、前記挟持部により生体組織を挟持し該生体組織を前記加圧機構により所定圧力に加圧した状態で前記検出手段により検出される散乱光に基づいて、血流量を測定することを特徴としている。 The laser blood flow meter according to the present invention includes a laser light source for irradiating a living tissue with laser light, and detection means for detecting scattered light generated by scattering of the laser light irradiated by the laser light source in the living tissue. And a sandwiching part that sandwiches the living tissue, and a pressurizing mechanism that pressurizes the living tissue sandwiched by the sandwiching part at a predetermined pressure. On the other hand, the laser light source is disposed on the portion on one side, and the detection means is disposed on the portion on the other side, so that the scattered light, which is scattered forward by the laser light, is detected by the detection unit. The blood flow volume is measured based on the scattered light detected by the detection means in a state where the biological tissue is clamped by the clamping unit and the biological tissue is pressurized to a predetermined pressure by the pressurizing mechanism. It is characterized in.
また、本発明に係るレーザ血流計は、生体組織にレーザ光を照射するレーザ光源と、前記レーザ光源により照射されるレーザ光が生体組織内で後方散乱した散乱光を検出する検出手段と、前記レーザ光源及び前記検出手段が設けられ、生体の一部に巻き付けられるバンド状体と、前記バンド状体が巻かれた部位を所定圧力で加圧する加圧機構と、を備え、前記バンド状体を生体の一部に巻き付けることにより、前記レーザ光源及び前記検出手段が生体組織に向かうように構成され、前記バンド状体を生体の一部に巻き付け、前記バンド状体が巻かれた部位を前記加圧機構により所定圧力で加圧した状態で、前記検出手段により検出される散乱光に基づいて血流量を測定することを特徴としている。 In addition, the laser blood flow meter according to the present invention includes a laser light source that irradiates a living tissue with laser light, and a detection unit that detects scattered light backscattered in the living tissue by the laser light irradiated by the laser light source, A band-shaped body provided with the laser light source and the detection means, and a band-shaped body wound around a part of a living body; and a pressurizing mechanism that pressurizes a portion around which the band-shaped body is wound with a predetermined pressure. Is wound around a part of the living body, so that the laser light source and the detecting means are directed toward the living tissue, the band-like body is wound around a part of the living body, and the portion around which the band-like body is wound is The blood flow rate is measured based on the scattered light detected by the detection means in a state in which the pressure is increased by a pressure mechanism.
本発明によれば、演算手段により演算されたＳＤ／Ｍｅａｎと相関のあるパラメータを用いて、生体の状態（ストレス過剰であるかどうか、糖尿病であるかどうか、糖尿病に合併症を併発しているかどうか、糖尿病又は高血圧症であるかどうか、動脈硬化症又は虚血肢であるかどうかなど）を鑑別することができるので、被験体（被験者など）によらず、定量的に生体状態を鑑別することが可能となる。 According to the present invention, using parameters correlated with SD / Mean calculated by the calculation means, the state of the living body (whether it is overstressed, whether it is diabetic, whether it has complications in diabetes) Whether it is diabetes or hypertension, whether it is arteriosclerosis or ischemic limb, etc.) can be differentiated, so the biological state can be differentiated quantitatively regardless of the subject (subject, etc.) It becomes possible.
このような鑑別は、演算手段による演算結果、又は、演算結果を加工したデータを表示する表示装置を更に備えることとすれば、その表示内容に基づいて、一層容易に鑑別を行うことができるようになる。 If such a discrimination is further provided with a display device that displays the calculation result by the calculation means or the data obtained by processing the calculation result, the discrimination can be performed more easily based on the display content. become.
また、演算手段により演算されたパラメータに基づいて生体の状態を鑑別する鑑別手段を更に備えることとすれば、パラメータに基づく生体の状態の鑑別を自動的に行うことが可能となる。 In addition, if it is further provided with discrimination means for discriminating the state of the living body based on the parameter calculated by the calculating means, it becomes possible to automatically discriminate the state of the living body based on the parameter.
また、前方散乱型で、挟持部により生体組織を挟持する構成のレーザ血流計において、挟持部により生体組織を挟持し該生体組織を加圧機構により所定圧力に加圧した状態で血流量を測定する構成とすることにより、再現性よく血流を測定することが可能となり、生体の状態の鑑別をより好適に行うことが可能となる。 Further, in the laser blood flow meter of the forward scattering type and configured to hold the living tissue by the holding unit, the blood flow is measured in a state where the living tissue is held by the holding unit and the living tissue is pressurized to a predetermined pressure by the pressurizing mechanism. By adopting a measurement configuration, blood flow can be measured with good reproducibility, and the state of the living body can be more suitably distinguished.
或いは、後方散乱型で、生体の一部に巻き付けられるバンド状体にレーザ光源及び検出手段が設けられたレーザ血流計において、バンド状体を生体の一部に巻き付け、バンド状体が巻かれた部位を加圧機構により所定圧力で加圧した状態で、血流量を測定する構成とすることにより、再現性よく血流を測定することが可能となり、生体の状態の鑑別をより好適に行うことが可能となる。 Alternatively, in a laser blood flow meter that is a back scattering type and is provided with a laser light source and detection means around a band-like body wound around a part of a living body, the band-like body is wound around a part of the living body and the band-like body is wound around The blood flow can be measured with high reproducibility by performing a configuration in which the blood flow is measured in a state in which the site is pressurized with a predetermined pressure by a pressurization mechanism, and the state of the living body can be more suitably distinguished. It becomes possible.
本実施形態では、血流計により連続的に測定された値を定量化するために、例えば、血流量の標準偏差値（ＳＤ）を平均値（Ｍｅａｎ）で除して得られる値に１００を乗算することにより百分率で表されたパラメータをＳｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ Ｉｎｄｅｘ（ＳＩ）とし、このパラメータを用いることにより、個々の生体（例えば被験者）によらず定量的に生体の状態を鑑別することが可能な生体状態鑑別用装置について説明する。 In the present embodiment, in order to quantify the value continuously measured by the blood flow meter, for example, 100 is added to the value obtained by dividing the standard deviation value (SD) of the blood flow rate by the mean value (Mean). The parameter expressed as a percentage by multiplication is Stability Index (SI), and by using this parameter, it is possible to quantitatively distinguish the state of the living body regardless of the individual living body (for example, the subject) The identification device will be described.
また、本実施形態では、レーザ血流計のセンサ部に空圧式加圧機構を組み込むことと、このセンサ部を皮膚表面に対し両面テープを用いて接着することにより、生体組織への装着条件を一定にし、再現性の良い測定を可能とした生体状態鑑別用装置について説明する。 Further, in this embodiment, the pneumatic pressure mechanism is incorporated into the sensor part of the laser blood flow meter, and the sensor part is adhered to the skin surface using a double-sided tape, thereby satisfying the mounting condition on the living tissue. An explanation will be given of an apparatus for distinguishing biological conditions that can be measured with a constant and good reproducibility.
以下、図面を参照して、本発明に係る実施形態について説明する。 Embodiments according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
図１は本実施形態に係る生体状態鑑別用装置１の構成を示すブロック図である。 FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a biological state discrimination device 1 according to this embodiment.
図１に示すように、本実施形態に係る生体状態鑑別用装置１は、例えば、生体（例えば人体）の血流量を測定するレーザ血流計（血流量測定手段）２と、各種の表示動作を行う表示装置７と、各種の報知動作を行う報知部８と、このレーザ血流計２による測定値を用いた各種演算、各種鑑別及び各種制御を行う制御部４と、を備えて構成されている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the biological state discrimination device 1 according to the present embodiment includes, for example, a laser blood flow meter (blood flow measuring means) 2 that measures a blood flow of a living body (for example, a human body), and various display operations. And a display unit 7 for performing various types of notification operations, and a control unit 4 for performing various calculations, various types of discrimination and various types of control using measurement values obtained by the laser blood flow meter 2. ing.
報知部８は、例えば、報知音を出力するスピーカやランプなどの発光部からなる。 The notification unit 8 includes, for example, a light emitting unit such as a speaker or a lamp that outputs a notification sound.
なお、レーザ血流計２に代えて、微弱強度の超音波を用いて血流値を測定する超音波血流計や、光電式脈波計を適用することとしても良い。 Note that, instead of the laser blood flow meter 2, an ultrasonic blood flow meter that measures a blood flow value using a weak ultrasonic wave or a photoelectric pulse wave meter may be applied.
生体状態鑑別用装置１において、レーザ血流計２、微弱強度の超音波による超音波血流計、或いは光電式脈波計を使用する所以は、これらの血流計は、無侵襲の特性を有しているためである。 Since the apparatus 1 for distinguishing biological conditions uses a laser blood flow meter 2, an ultrasonic blood flow meter based on weak ultrasonic waves, or a photoelectric pulse wave meter, these blood flow meters have non-invasive characteristics. It is because it has.
なお、レーザ血流計２においては、生体内で光散乱し易い、例えば、波長１．３μｍ〜０．５μｍまでのレーザ光を用いることにより、生体内で散乱されたレーザ光を体外へと放出させることができるので、好適に長時間の測定に使用することができる。 The laser blood flow meter 2 emits laser light scattered inside the living body to the outside by using laser light that easily scatters light inside the living body, for example, with a wavelength of 1.3 μm to 0.5 μm. Therefore, it can be suitably used for long-time measurement.
本実施形態の場合、レーザ血流計２は、例えば、生体の血流量を検出するセンサ部１０と、このセンサ部１０の動作制御及び該センサ部１０による検出結果を用いた生体の血流量の演算を行う制御・演算部３０と、を備えている。 In the case of the present embodiment, the laser blood flow meter 2 includes, for example, a sensor unit 10 that detects a blood flow rate of a living body, and an operation control of the sensor unit 10 and a detection result by the sensor unit 10 And a control / arithmetic unit 30 that performs computation.
このレーザ血流計２は、無侵襲で、且つ、連続的に（制御・演算部３０により非常に短い時間周期（例えば２０ミリ秒程度）で繰り返し測定値が演算されるため、実質的に連続的に）、生体の血流量を測定することが可能である。 This laser blood flow meter 2 is non-invasive and continuously (since the measurement value is repeatedly calculated by the control / calculation unit 30 in a very short time period (for example, about 20 milliseconds), it is substantially continuous. It is possible to measure the blood flow of a living body.
しかも、このレーザ血流計２は、細動脈・細静脈レベルでの微小循環において、生体の血流量を測定することができる（つまり、検出感度に優れている）。 Moreover, the laser blood flow meter 2 can measure the blood flow rate of the living body in the microcirculation at the arteriole / venule level (that is, has excellent detection sensitivity).
このレーザ血流計２のセンサ部１０としては、例えば、特開２００５−１９２８０７号公報に記載された何れかのタイプのレーザ血流計のセンサ部を用いることとしても良いが、後述するセンサ部（図７及び図８に示すセンサ部１０、或いは、図９及び図１０に示すセンサ部１０）を用いる方が、より好適である。 As the sensor unit 10 of the laser blood flow meter 2, for example, a sensor unit of any type of laser blood flow meter described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-192807 may be used. It is more preferable to use (the sensor unit 10 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 or the sensor unit 10 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10).
また、制御・演算部３０は、センサ部１０により検出される散乱光のパワースペクトラムに基づいて血流量を演算する。すなわち、制御・演算部３０は、センサ部１０からの検出信号にＡ／Ｄ変換を施し、該Ａ／Ｄ変換された検出信号に基づいて血流値の演算を行う。さらに、制御・演算部３０は、このように演算された結果を、制御部４に送信する。つまり、制御部４には、制御・演算部３０が血流血を新たに演算する度に、該制御・演算部３０から血流量の測定値（制御・演算部３０により測定された血流量）が入力される。 Further, the control / calculation unit 30 calculates the blood flow based on the power spectrum of the scattered light detected by the sensor unit 10. That is, the control / calculation unit 30 performs A / D conversion on the detection signal from the sensor unit 10 and calculates a blood flow value based on the A / D converted detection signal. Further, the control / calculation unit 30 transmits the result calculated in this way to the control unit 4. That is, every time the control / calculation unit 30 newly calculates blood flow blood, the control unit 4 receives a blood flow measurement value (blood flow measured by the control / calculation unit 30) from the control / calculation unit 30. Is entered.
なお、制御・演算部３０は、特開２００５−１９２８０７号公報における制御・演算部３０と同様であり、詳細な説明は省略する。 The control / calculation unit 30 is the same as the control / calculation unit 30 in JP-A-2005-192807, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
制御部４は、例えば、ＣＰＵ（Ｃｅｎｔｒａｌ Ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ Ｕｎｉｔ）、ＲＯＭ（Ｒｅａｄ Ｏｎｌｙ Ｍｅｍｏｒｙ）及びＲＡＭ（Ｒａｎｄｏｍ Ａｃｃｅｓｓ Ｍｅｍｏｒｙ）により構成され、各種の演算、鑑別を行う。 The control unit 4 includes, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and a RAM (Random Access Memory), and performs various calculations and discriminations.
更に、制御部４は、レーザ血流計２、表示装置７及び報知部８の動作制御を行う。 Further, the control unit 4 controls the operation of the laser blood flow meter 2, the display device 7, and the notification unit 8.
なお、制御部４は、この例に限らず、例えばＤＳＰ（Ｄｉｇｉｔａｌ Ｓｉｇｎａｌ Ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｒ）、ＰＤＡ（Ｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌ Ｄｉｇｉｔａｌ Ａｓｓｉｓｔａｎｔ）或いはＰＣ（Ｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌ Ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒ）等により構成されていても良い。 The control unit 4 is not limited to this example, and may be configured by, for example, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), a PC (Personal Computer), or the like.
この制御部４は、レーザ血流計２から入力される血流量の測定値を記憶部（例えばＲＡＭ）に随時記憶する一方で、例えば、該記憶部の記憶内容に基づいて、後述するような所定の演算を行い、その演算結果に応じて、以下に説明するように生体の状態の鑑別を行う。 While this control part 4 memorize | stores the measured value of the blood flow rate input from the laser blood flow meter 2 at any time in a memory | storage part (for example, RAM), as mentioned later based on the memory | storage content of this memory | storage part, for example A predetermined calculation is performed, and the state of the living body is identified according to the calculation result as described below.
ここで、頭部及び脳血流の安定化の機序は、LASSEN NA.などの報告(Cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in man. Physiol Rev. 1959 Apr;39(2):183-238.）により、脳血流は、平均動脈圧が60mmHg以下150mmHg以上の場合は平均動脈圧と正相関を持ち、血圧の変動に対しパラレルに変化するが、60mmHg〜150mmHgの範囲内では、一定に維持されるようコントロールされていることが報告されている。 Here, the mechanism of stabilization of head and cerebral blood flow is reported by LASSEN NA. (Cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in man. Physiol Rev. 1959 Apr; 39 (2): 183-238.) The cerebral blood flow has a positive correlation with the mean arterial pressure when the mean arterial pressure is 60 mmHg or less and 150 mmHg or more, and changes in parallel with the fluctuation of blood pressure, but remains constant within the range of 60 mmHg to 150 mmHg Have been reported to be controlled.
また、佐藤・庭山などのレーザ血流計を用いた報告(Analysis of Hemodynamics During Blood Purification Therapy Using a Newly Developed Noninvasive Continuous Monitoring Method . Therapeutic Apheresisand Dialysis.Vol 10:P380-August 2006)では、疾患を持たない健常者における頭部耳朶血流は一定に維持されるが、平均動脈圧が60mmHg未満となるようなショック時においては、頭部耳朶血流と平均動脈血圧は正相関し、互いにパラレルに変化することを報告している。 In addition, there is no disease in a report using a laser blood flow meter (Analysis of Hemodynamics During Blood Purification Therapy Using a Newly Developed Noninvasive Continuous Monitoring Method .Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis. Head and earlobe blood flow in healthy subjects is maintained constant, but during a shock in which the mean arterial pressure is less than 60 mmHg, the head and earlobe blood flow and the mean arterial blood pressure are positively correlated and change in parallel with each other It is reported that.
これらの報告の頭部血流の安定化は、人及び哺乳類にとって重要臓器である脳を保護するために交感神経系と副交感神経の２重支配により制御されていることに起因することが、刈田などのレーザ血流計を用いた確認実験により報告（J.Physiol. ,450,191,1992）されている。 The stabilization of cerebral blood flow in these reports is attributed to being controlled by dual control of the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nerve to protect the brain, which is an important organ for humans and mammals. (J. Physiol., 450, 191, 1992).
これらのことに鑑み、生体状態鑑別用装置１は、例えば、頭部血流の変動を継続的に無侵襲で監視し、その監視結果に基づいて生体の状態を鑑別する。 In view of these, the biological state discrimination device 1 continuously monitors a change in head blood flow in a non-invasive manner, and discriminates the state of the biological body based on the monitoring result.
次に、上下肢における細動脈血流の変化は、交感神経の支配を受け、血圧の調整因子として働くことが、Wiederhielm（Am. j. Physiol. 225, 992/996 (1973)などにも報告されている。 Next, changes in arteriole blood flow in the upper and lower limbs are controlled by sympathetic nerves and act as regulators of blood pressure, as reported in Wiederhielm (Am. J. Physiol. 225, 992/996 (1973)) Has been.
また、畑中・老籾らの報告（糖尿病患者の微小循環恒常性の測定とその臨床的意義 臨床病理 1986 Vol.34 No,3 343-347）では、レーザ血流計を使用し血流の安定性より糖尿病の鑑別ができることが報告されている。 In addition, in the report by Hatanaka and Elder (measurement of microcirculatory homeostasis in diabetic patients and its clinical significance, Clinical Pathology 1986 Vol.34 No, 3 343-347), laser blood flow meter was used to stabilize blood flow. It has been reported that diabetes can be distinguished from gender.
すなわち、細動脈血流は、生体情報を的確に現す指標であることが証明されている。 That is, arteriole blood flow has been proven to be an index that accurately represents biological information.
制御部４は、具体的には、例えば、所定時間Ｔ内においてレーザ血流計２により随時測定される血流量の複数の測定値の標準偏差（ＳＤ）と、これら複数の測定値の平均値（Ｍｅａｎ）とを演算する。 Specifically, for example, the control unit 4 includes, for example, a standard deviation (SD) of a plurality of measured values of blood flow measured at any time by the laser blood flow meter 2 within a predetermined time T, and an average value of the plurality of measured values. (Mean) is calculated.
更に、制御部４は、（ＳＤ／Ｍｅａｎ）×１００を演算する。すなわち、制御部４は、ＳＤ／Ｍｅａｎに１００を乗算することにより百分率で表したパラメータを演算する。このパラメータを、Ｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ Ｉｎｄｅｘ（ＳＩ）とする。 Further, the control unit 4 calculates (SD / Mean) × 100. That is, the control unit 4 calculates the parameter expressed as a percentage by multiplying SD / Mean by 100. This parameter is set to Stability Index (SI).
また、制御部４は、ＳＩの経時的な推移を表す曲線（以下、トレンド曲線；図３〜図６の曲線Ｌ１、Ｌ２、Ｌ３、Ｌ５参照）を表示装置７に表示させる。 Further, the control unit 4 causes the display device 7 to display a curve representing the transition of SI over time (hereinafter, trend curve; see curves L1, L2, L3, and L5 in FIGS. 3 to 6).
表示装置７におけるＳＩのトレンド曲線の表示は、例えば、新たにＳＩが演算される毎に（所定時間Ｔ毎に）随時更新する。 For example, the display of the trend curve of SI on the display device 7 is updated as needed every time SI is newly calculated (every predetermined time T).
このように、表示装置７には、随時更新される最新のトレンド曲線が、リアルタイムに表示される。 Thus, the latest trend curve updated at any time is displayed on the display device 7 in real time.
更に、制御部４は、ＳＩのトレンド曲線や、ＳＩの値に基づいて、生体の状態を鑑別する。 Furthermore, the control part 4 discriminate | determines the state of a biological body based on the trend curve of SI, and the value of SI.
ここで、目的に応じて平均値（Ｍｅａｎ）及び標準偏差値（ＳＤ）の時間分解能を変えることにより（すなわち、目的に応じて上記所定時間Ｔを変更することにより）、様々な鑑別を行うことができる。 Here, various discriminations are performed by changing the time resolution of the average value (Mean) and the standard deviation value (SD) according to the purpose (that is, by changing the predetermined time T according to the purpose). Can do.
具体的には、例えば、上記所定時間Ｔを長時間（例えば、０．５時間〜８時間：第２の所定時間）とすることにより、ストレスの度合いや病態の鑑別を行うことができる。 Specifically, for example, by setting the predetermined time T to a long time (for example, 0.5 hours to 8 hours: second predetermined time), the degree of stress and the pathological condition can be distinguished.
また、例えば、上記所定時間Ｔを短時間（例えば、５秒間〜３００秒間：第１の所定時間）とすることにより、被験者の病態の重篤度合いやストレスの度合いをリアルタイムで鑑別することができる。 In addition, for example, by setting the predetermined time T to a short time (for example, 5 seconds to 300 seconds: a first predetermined time), it is possible to distinguish in real time the degree of seriousness of the subject and the degree of stress. .
更に、上記所定時間Ｔを短時間（例えば、５秒間〜３００秒間）とした場合には、例えば、ＳＩが所定の閾値（例えば、１０）以上となった場合に、報知部８に報知動作を行わせることにより、重篤な状況を報知することができる。 Further, when the predetermined time T is a short time (for example, 5 seconds to 300 seconds), for example, when the SI becomes a predetermined threshold value (for example, 10) or more, a notification operation is performed on the notification unit 8. By doing so, a serious situation can be notified.
図２は制御部４の動作の流れを示すフローチャートである。 FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an operation flow of the control unit 4.
レーザ血流計２により測定された血流量のデータ（血流データ）は、随時、制御部４に入力される（ステップＳ１）。 Blood flow data (blood flow data) measured by the laser blood flow meter 2 is input to the control unit 4 as needed (step S1).
血流データは、鑑別のサンプル時間（上記所定時間Ｔ）を選択する切り替え処理（ステップＳ２）に応じて、短時間サンプル（上記のように、例えば、５秒間〜３００秒間）と長時間サンプル（上記のように、例えば、０．５時間〜８時間）のそれぞれに必要に応じて用いられ、各々のサンプル条件にてＳＩの演算が行われる。 Blood flow data can be obtained from a short time sample (for example, 5 seconds to 300 seconds as described above) and a long time sample (as described above, for example) according to the switching process (step S2) for selecting the sample time for discrimination (the predetermined time T). As described above, for example, it is used as needed for each of 0.5 hours to 8 hours), and SI is calculated under each sample condition.
短時間サンプル（５秒〜３００秒の間に得られた複数の測定値）を用いたＳＩの演算では、先ず、短時間（５秒間〜３００秒間）に得られた複数の測定値の平均値（Ｍｅａｎ）と標準偏差（ＳＤ）とを演算し、更に、このＳＤをＭｅａｎで除したものに１００を乗算することにより、百分率で表されたＳＩを演算する（ステップＳ４）。 In the calculation of SI using a short time sample (a plurality of measured values obtained between 5 seconds and 300 seconds), first, an average value of a plurality of measured values obtained in a short time (5 seconds to 300 seconds) (Mean) and standard deviation (SD) are calculated, and further, SI obtained by dividing this SD by Mean is multiplied by 100 to calculate SI expressed as a percentage (step S4).
次に、短時間サンプル（５秒間〜３００秒間に得られた複数の測定値）を用いた演算により求められたＳＩに基づいて、短時間鑑別を行う。すなわち、病態の重篤度合いやストレスの度合いを鑑別する（ステップＳ４）。 Next, short-time discrimination is performed based on SI obtained by calculation using a short-time sample (a plurality of measured values obtained in 5 seconds to 300 seconds). That is, the degree of seriousness of the pathological condition and the degree of stress are identified (step S4).
更に、ステップＳ４での鑑別結果を表示装置７に表示させたり、或いは、必要に応じて報知部８から警報出力を行わせる。なお、病態の重篤度合いやストレスの度合いは、間欠的（所定時間Ｔ毎に）最新のものを表示装置７に表示させる（間欠鑑別表示）（ステップＳ５）。 Furthermore, the discrimination result in step S4 is displayed on the display device 7, or an alarm is output from the notification unit 8 as necessary. Note that the latest severity of the pathological condition and the degree of stress are displayed intermittently (every predetermined time T) on the display device 7 (intermittent discrimination display) (step S5).
同様に、長時間サンプル（０．５時間〜８時間の間に得られた複数の測定値）を用いたＳＩの演算では、先ず、長時間（０．５時間〜８時間）に得られた複数の測定値の平均値（Ｍｅａｎ）と標準偏差（ＳＤ）とを演算し、更に、このＳＤをＭｅａｎで除したものに１００を乗算することにより、百分率で表されたＳＩを演算する（ステップＳ６）。 Similarly, in the calculation of SI using a long time sample (a plurality of measured values obtained between 0.5 hours and 8 hours), first, it was obtained over a long time (0.5 hours to 8 hours). A mean value (Mean) and a standard deviation (SD) of a plurality of measured values are calculated, and a value obtained by dividing this SD by Mean is multiplied by 100 to calculate SI expressed as a percentage (step) S6).
次に、長時間サンプル（０．５時間〜８時間の間に得られた複数の測定値）を用いた演算により求められたＳＩに基づいて、ＳＩ総合鑑別を行う。すなわち、病態の重篤度合いやストレスの度合いを鑑別する（ＳＩ総合鑑別）（ステップＳ７）。 Next, SI comprehensive discrimination is performed based on SI obtained by calculation using a long-time sample (a plurality of measured values obtained during 0.5 to 8 hours). That is, the degree of seriousness of the pathological condition and the degree of stress are differentiated (SI comprehensive differentiation) (step S7).
更に、ステップＳ７での鑑別結果を表示装置７に表示させる（総合鑑別表示）（ステップＳ８）。 Furthermore, the discrimination result in step S7 is displayed on the display device 7 (total discrimination display) (step S8).
次に、例として、健常成人男子を被験者とし、その被験者の頭部血流（例えば、耳朶の血流）の長時間サンプルを用いて演算されたＳＩの値と、その短時間サンプルを用いて得られたＳＩのトレンドを示す曲線Ｌ１と、を表示した表示装置７の表示画面の例を図３に示す。 Next, as an example, a healthy adult male is used as a subject, and the SI value calculated using a long-time sample of the subject's head blood flow (eg, earlobe blood flow) and the short-time sample are used. An example of the display screen of the display device 7 displaying the obtained curve L1 indicating the trend of SI is shown in FIG.
図３に示すように、約２時間に亘る測定の結果、声掛けによるストレスを被験者に加えたサンプル区間Ａと、ストレスを加えていない安静なサンプル区間Ｂの両者間に有意な差が生じる。 As shown in FIG. 3, as a result of the measurement over about 2 hours, there is a significant difference between the sample section A in which stress due to voice is applied to the subject and the sample section B in which no stress is applied.
すなわち、サンプル区間Ａでは長時間サンプルＳＩの値は１６．６と高く、サンプル区間Ｂでは長時間サンプルＳＩの値は３．５と低くなった。 That is, in the sample section A, the value of the long time sample SI is as high as 16.6, and in the sample section B, the value of the long time sample SI is as low as 3.5.
また、短時間サンプルＳ１のトレンド曲線Ｌ１は、サンプル区間Ａでは比較的高いレベルで推移したのに対し、サンプル区間Ｂでは比較的低いレベルで推移した。 In addition, the trend curve L1 of the short-time sample S1 changed at a relatively high level in the sample section A, whereas it changed at a relatively low level in the sample section B.
これらのことから、ストレスも無く健常な状態（サンプル区間Ｂに相当）であれば、頭部のＳＩ値は短時間サンプルのトレンド及び長時間サンプルの値がともに低い値となることが分かる。 From these facts, it can be seen that in a healthy state without stress (corresponding to the sample interval B), the SI value of the head is low in both the trend of the short-time sample and the value of the long-time sample.
従って、ＳＩの値に基づいてストレスの度合いを鑑別することが可能であるといえる。 Therefore, it can be said that the degree of stress can be identified based on the value of SI.
すなわち、制御部４は、ＳＩの値に基づいて、例えば、生体のストレスの度合いを鑑別する。 That is, the control unit 4 discriminates, for example, the degree of biological stress based on the SI value.
次に、若干の脅迫性障害（ＯＣＤ）を有した成人女性を被験者とし、その被験者の頭部血流（例えば、耳朶の血流）の長時間サンプルを用いて演算されたＳＩの値と、その短時間サンプルを用いて得られたＳＩのトレンドを示す曲線Ｌ２と、を表示した表示装置７の表示画面の例を図４に示す。 Next, an adult female with some threatening disorder (OCD) is a subject, and the SI value calculated using a long-term sample of the subject's head blood flow (eg, earlobe blood flow), An example of the display screen of the display device 7 displaying the curve L2 indicating the SI trend obtained using the short-time sample is shown in FIG.
この場合、図４に示すように、約２時間に亘る測定の結果、声掛けによるストレスを被験者に加えたサンプル区間Ａと、ストレスを加えていない安静なサンプル区間Ｂでは、有意な差が生じない。 In this case, as shown in FIG. 4, as a result of the measurement over about 2 hours, a significant difference occurs between the sample section A in which stress due to voice is applied to the subject and the quiet sample section B in which no stress is applied. Absent.
すなわち、サンプル区間Ａでは長時間サンプルＳＩの値は１８．８と高く、サンプル区間Ｂでも長時間サンプルＳＩの値は２１．２と高かった。 That is, in the sample section A, the value of the long-time sample SI is as high as 18.8, and in the sample section B, the value of the long-time sample SI is as high as 21.2.
また、短時間サンプルＳ１のトレンド曲線Ｌ２は、サンプル区間Ｂでも低下しなかった。 Further, the trend curve L2 of the short time sample S1 did not decrease even in the sample section B.
このように、若干の脅迫性障害を有した被験者の場合、声掛けにおけるストレスを加えたサンプル区間Ａとストレスを加えていない安静なサンプル区間Ｂとでは、ＳＩ値の変化は見られず、安静常態を保ったとしても（サンプル区間Ｂでも）心因性のストレスが常時掛かるため、ＳＩ値は高い値となることが分かる。 Thus, in the case of a subject with slight threatening disorder, there is no change in the SI value between the sample section A to which stress in the voice is applied and the rest sample section B to which no stress is applied. It can be seen that even if the normal state is maintained (even in the sample interval B), since the psychogenic stress is always applied, the SI value is high.
次に、健常成人男子を被験者とし、その被験者の下肢血流（例えば、足の血流）の長時間サンプルを用いて演算されたＳＩの値と、その短時間サンプルを用いて得られたＳＩのトレンドを示す曲線Ｌ３と、血圧（平均動脈圧）の変化を示す曲線Ｌ４と、を表示した表示装置７の表示画面の例を図５に示す。 Next, a healthy adult male is a subject, and the SI value calculated using a long-time sample of the subject's lower limb blood flow (eg, blood flow of the foot) and the SI obtained using the short-time sample are used. FIG. 5 shows an example of the display screen of the display device 7 displaying the curve L3 indicating the trend of the curve and the curve L4 indicating the change in blood pressure (mean arterial pressure).
図５に示すように、約２時間に亘る測定の結果、声掛けによるストレスを被験者に加えたサンプル区間Ａと、ストレスを加えていない安静なサンプル区間Ｂの両者間に有意な差が生じる。 As shown in FIG. 5, as a result of the measurement over about 2 hours, there is a significant difference between the sample section A in which stress due to voice is applied to the subject and the sample section B in which no stress is applied.
すなわち、図５に示すように、サンプル区間Ａでは長時間サンプルＳＩの値は３９．４と高く、サンプル区間Ｂでは長時間サンプルＳＩの値は２０．９と比較的低かった。 That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the value of the long-time sample SI was as high as 39.4 in the sample period A, and the value of the long-time sample SI was relatively low as 20.9 in the sample period B.
更に、平均血圧も、サンプル区間Ａでは８１．１（ｍｍＨｇ）であったのに対して、サンプル区間Ｂでは７３．３（ｍｍＨｇ）であり、サンプル区間Ａよりもサンプル区間Ｂの方が若干低下している。 Furthermore, the average blood pressure was 81.1 (mmHg) in the sample section A, but was 73.3 (mmHg) in the sample section B, which is slightly lower in the sample section B than in the sample section A. is doing.
次に、本態性高血圧症の成人男子を被験者とし、その被験者の下肢血流（例えば、足の血流）の長時間サンプルを用いて演算されたＳＩの値と、その短時間サンプルを用いて得られたＳＩのトレンドを示す曲線Ｌ５と、血圧（平均動脈圧）の変化を示す曲線Ｌ６と、を表示した表示装置７の表示画面の例を図６に示す。 Next, an adult male with essential hypertension is used as a subject, and the SI value calculated using a long-time sample of the lower limb blood flow (eg, blood flow of the foot) of the subject and the short-time sample are used. FIG. 6 shows an example of the display screen of the display device 7 displaying the obtained curve L5 indicating the SI trend and the curve L6 indicating the change in blood pressure (mean arterial pressure).
この場合、図６に示すように、約２時間に亘る測定の結果、声掛けによるストレスを被験者に加えたサンプル区間Ａと、ストレスを加えていない安静なサンプル区間Ｂの両者間のＳＩ値には、有意な差は見られず、又、血圧も高い値で推移したままとなることが分かる。 In this case, as shown in FIG. 6, as a result of the measurement over about 2 hours, the SI value between the sample section A in which stress due to voice is applied to the subject and the sample section B in which no stress is applied is obtained. It can be seen that there is no significant difference, and that the blood pressure remains high.
すなわち、図６に示すように、サンプル区間Ａでは長時間サンプルＳＩの値は３７．１と高く、サンプル区間Ｂでも長時間サンプルＳＩの値は２７．１とかなり高かった。 That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the value of the long-time sample SI was as high as 37.1 in the sample period A, and the value of the long-time sample SI was as high as 27.1 in the sample period B.
更に、平均血圧も、サンプル区間Ａでは１１９．５（ｍｍＨｇ）、サンプル区間Ｂでは１１７．２（ｍｍＨｇ）であり、それぞれ高かった。 Furthermore, the average blood pressure was 119.5 (mmHg) in the sample section A and 117.2 (mmHg) in the sample section B, which was high.
以上のような知見に基づき、本実施形態に係る生体状態鑑別用装置１の制御部４は、例えば、以下に説明する何れかの手法により、生体の状態を鑑別する。 Based on the above knowledge, the control part 4 of the biological state discrimination device 1 according to the present embodiment discriminates the state of the biological body by any of the methods described below, for example.
（１）ストレスによる自律神経の評価として、安静状態において、短時間サンプルによる頭部血流ＳＩのトレンドが１０以上の高い値で推移する場合、ストレスが過剰であると鑑別する。 (1) As an evaluation of the autonomic nerve due to stress, when the trend of the head blood flow SI by a short time sample changes at a high value of 10 or more in a resting state, it is identified that the stress is excessive.
（２）ストレスによる自律神経の評価として、安静状態において、長時間サンプルの頭部血流ＳＩの値が１０以上の高い値の場合、ストレスが過剰であると鑑別する。 (2) As an evaluation of the autonomic nerve by stress, when the value of the head blood flow SI of the long-time sample is a high value of 10 or more in the resting state, it is identified that the stress is excessive.
（３）ストレスによる自律神経の評価として、安静状態において、短時間サンプルによる頭部血流ＳＩのトレンドが１０以上の高い値で推移し、且つ、長時間サンプルの頭部血流ＳＩの値が１０以上の高い値の場合、ストレスが過剰であると鑑別する。 (3) As an evaluation of the autonomic nerve due to stress, in a resting state, the trend of head blood flow SI by a short time sample changes at a high value of 10 or more, and the value of head blood flow SI of the long time sample is When the value is 10 or higher, it is determined that the stress is excessive.
（４）糖尿病及び各種合併症の評価として、安静状態において、短時間サンプルによる頭部血流ＳＩのトレンドが１０以上の高い値で推移する場合、糖尿病及び各種合併症があると鑑別する。 (4) As an evaluation of diabetes and various complications, when the trend of head blood flow SI by a short time sample changes at a high value of 10 or more in a resting state, it is distinguished that there is diabetes and various complications.
（５）糖尿病及び各種合併症の評価として、安静状態において、長時間サンプルの頭部血流ＳＩの値が１０以上の高い値の場合、糖尿病及び各種合併症があると鑑別する。 (5) As an evaluation of diabetes and various complications, when the value of the head blood flow SI of the sample for a long time is a high value of 10 or more in a resting state, it is identified that there is diabetes and various complications.
（６）糖尿病及び各種合併症の評価として、安静状態において、短時間サンプルによる頭部血流ＳＩのトレンドが１０以上の高い値で推移し、且つ、長時間サンプルの頭部血流ＳＩの値が１０以上の高い値の場合、糖尿病及び各種合併症があると鑑別する。 (6) As an evaluation of diabetes and various complications, in a resting state, the trend of head blood flow SI by a short time sample changes at a high value of 10 or more, and the value of head blood flow SI of a long time sample Is a high value of 10 or more, it is identified that there is diabetes and various complications.
（７）高血圧症・糖尿病の評価として、安静状態において、短時間サンプルによる下肢血流ＳＩのトレンドが２５以上の高い値で推移する場合、高血圧症・糖尿病であると鑑別する。 (7) As an evaluation of hypertension / diabetes, in a resting state, when the trend of lower limb blood flow SI by a short time sample changes at a high value of 25 or more, it is identified as hypertension / diabetes.
（８）高血圧症・糖尿病の評価として、安静状態において、長時間サンプルの上下肢血流ＳＩの値が２５以上の高い値の場合、高血圧症・糖尿病であると鑑別する。 (8) As an evaluation of hypertension / diabetes, in a resting state, if the value of the upper and lower limb blood flow SI of the long-time sample is a high value of 25 or more, it is identified as hypertension / diabetes.
（９）高血圧症・糖尿病の評価として、安静状態において、短時間サンプルによる下肢血流ＳＩのトレンドが２５以上の高い値で推移し、且つ、長時間サンプルの上下肢血流ＳＩの値が２５以上の高い値の場合、高血圧症・糖尿病であると鑑別する。 (9) As an evaluation of hypertension / diabetes, in a resting state, the trend of lower limb blood flow SI by a short time sample changes to a high value of 25 or more, and the value of upper and lower limb blood flow SI of a long time sample is 25 If the above value is high, it is identified as hypertension / diabetes.
（１０）動脈硬化症や虚血肢の評価として、安静状態において、短時間サンプルによる上下肢血流ＳＩのトレンドが５以下の低い値で推移する場合、動脈硬化症や虚血肢であると鑑別する。 (10) As an evaluation of arteriosclerosis or ischemic limb, when the trend of upper and lower limb blood flow SI by a short time sample changes at a low value of 5 or less in a resting state, Discriminate.
（１１）動脈硬化症や虚血肢の評価として、安静状態において、長時間サンプルの下肢血流ＳＩの値が５以下の低い値の場合、動脈硬化症や虚血肢であると鑑別する。 (11) As an evaluation of arteriosclerosis or ischemic limb, in a resting state, when the value of the lower limb blood flow SI of the sample for a long time is a low value of 5 or less, it is identified as arteriosclerosis or ischemic limb.
（１２）動脈硬化症や虚血肢の評価として、安静状態において、短時間サンプルによる上下肢血流ＳＩのトレンドが５以下の低い値で推移し、且つ、長時間サンプルの下肢血流ＳＩの値が５以下の低い値の場合、動脈硬化症や虚血肢であると鑑別する。 (12) As an evaluation of arteriosclerosis and ischemic limb, in a resting state, the trend of upper and lower limb blood flow SI by a short time sample changes at a low value of 5 or less, and When the value is a low value of 5 or less, it is identified as arteriosclerosis or ischemic limb.
なお、過度の交感神経刺激による高血圧症や動脈硬化症による虚血肢などの鑑別には、無侵襲で上下肢の細動脈血流を測定して得られる測定値を用いて行うことが好ましい。 In addition, it is preferable to use a measurement value obtained by measuring arteriole blood flow in the upper and lower limbs in a non-invasive manner to distinguish hypertension caused by excessive sympathetic nerve stimulation or ischemic limb caused by arteriosclerosis.
また、上下肢の細動脈血流の測定結果を用いて演算されたＳＩによる高血圧症や動脈硬化症の鑑別以外の鑑別には、頭部血流の安定化の機序により、頭部血流を記録・解析することにより、生体のストレスの病態の鑑別を行うことが好ましい。 In addition to the differentiation of hypertension and arteriosclerosis by SI calculated using the measurement results of arteriole blood flow in the upper and lower limbs, the head blood flow is determined by the mechanism of head blood flow stabilization. It is preferable to discriminate the pathological condition of stress in the living body by recording and analyzing.
次に、図７及び図８、並びに、図９及び図１０を参照して、再現性良く血流量を測定することが可能なレーザ血流計２のセンサ部１０の構造の２つの適例を説明する。 Next, referring to FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, and FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, two suitable examples of the structure of the sensor unit 10 of the laser blood flow meter 2 capable of measuring the blood flow with good reproducibility. explain.
上記のように、レーザ血流計２のセンサ部１０の装着圧力の加減により、サンプルボリューム内の組織血液量は変化してしまうが、以下に説明するように、装着圧力を所定圧力とするための加圧機構を備えるセンサ部１０を用いることにより、再現性良く血流量を測定することが可能となる。 As described above, the amount of tissue blood in the sample volume changes due to the adjustment of the mounting pressure of the sensor unit 10 of the laser blood flow meter 2, but the mounting pressure is set to a predetermined pressure as described below. By using the sensor unit 10 having the pressure mechanism, it is possible to measure the blood flow with good reproducibility.
図７及び図８は、例えば耳朶２３などの生体組織に挟持されるタイプの前方散乱型のセンサ部１０を示す図であり、頭部血流を測定するため生体組織（例えば耳朶２３）に装着された状態を示す。このうち図７は斜視図、図８は側断面図である。 FIGS. 7 and 8 are diagrams showing a forward scattering type sensor unit 10 of a type sandwiched between living tissues such as the earlobe 23, which is attached to the living tissue (for example, the earlobe 23) in order to measure head blood flow. Indicates the state that has been performed. 7 is a perspective view, and FIG. 8 is a side sectional view.
以下、図７及び図８に示すセンサ部１０について詳述する。 Hereinafter, the sensor unit 10 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 will be described in detail.
図８に示すように、センサ部１０は、相互に連結された第１及び第２の部分２１，２２を備え、これら第１及び第２の部分２１，２２により生体組織の一部（例えば、耳朶２３）を挟持できるようになっている。すなわち、第１及び第２の部分２１，２２は挟持部を構成している。 As shown in FIG. 8, the sensor unit 10 includes first and second portions 21 and 22 that are connected to each other, and the first and second portions 21 and 22 make a part of the living tissue (for example, The earlobe 23) can be clamped. That is, the 1st and 2nd parts 21 and 22 comprise the clamping part.
第１及び第２の部分２１，２２は、例えば、雄ねじなどの止着材３０が、第１の部分２１に形成された長孔３１を介して第２の部分２２に通される（例えば、螺入される）ことにより、相互に連結されている。 In the first and second portions 21 and 22, for example, a fastening material 30 such as a male screw is passed through the second portion 22 through a long hole 31 formed in the first portion 21 (for example, By being screwed in).
第１の部分２１の内部には、生体組織にレーザ光Ｌを照射するレーザ光源２５が備えられている。レーザ光源２５は、例えば、レーザダイオードからなり、例えば、波長０．５μm以上１．３μm以下程度の縦単一モードのレーザ光Ｌを照射する。 Inside the first portion 21, a laser light source 25 that irradiates a living tissue with the laser light L is provided. The laser light source 25 is made of, for example, a laser diode, and irradiates, for example, a longitudinal single mode laser beam L having a wavelength of about 0.5 μm to 1.3 μm.
第２の部分２２の内部には、レーザ光源２５より照射されるレーザ光Ｌが生体組織内で散乱することによって生じる散乱光Ｓを検出するフォトダイオード（検出手段）２６が備えられている。 Inside the second portion 22, a photodiode (detection means) 26 that detects the scattered light S generated by the laser light L emitted from the laser light source 25 being scattered in the living tissue is provided.
第１の部分２１には、レーザ光源２５からのレーザ光Ｌを外部に出力させる出力窓２７が形成され、第２の部分２２において出力窓２７と向き合う位置には生体組織からの散乱光Ｓを第２の部分２２内に導入させる導入窓２８が形成されている。 The first portion 21 is provided with an output window 27 that outputs the laser light L from the laser light source 25 to the outside. In the second portion 22, the scattered light S from the living tissue is placed at a position facing the output window 27. An introduction window 28 to be introduced into the second portion 22 is formed.
更に、例えば、第１の部分２１には、第１及び第２の部分２１，２２により挟持された生体組織を所定圧力で加圧する加圧機構２４が設けられている。 Further, for example, the first portion 21 is provided with a pressurizing mechanism 24 that pressurizes the living tissue sandwiched between the first and second portions 21 and 22 with a predetermined pressure.
なお、加圧機構２４は、第２の部分２２に設けても良いし、或いは、第１及び第２の部分２１，２２の双方に加圧機構を設けても良い。 The pressurizing mechanism 24 may be provided in the second portion 22, or the pressurizing mechanism may be provided in both the first and second portions 21 and 22.
加圧機構２４は、例えば、出力窓２７に固定された透明プラスチック板３２と、周縁部がこの透明プラスチック板３２の表面に固定された膨張部３３と、この膨張部３３と透明プラスチック板３２との間の空間に空気を供給するインフレーター供給管２９と、を備えて構成されている。 The pressurizing mechanism 24 includes, for example, a transparent plastic plate 32 fixed to the output window 27, an inflating portion 33 whose peripheral portion is fixed to the surface of the transparent plastic plate 32, and the inflating portion 33 and the transparent plastic plate 32. And an inflator supply pipe 29 for supplying air to the space between them.
膨張部３３は、透明軟質シート（透明軟質ビニールシート或いは透明軟質プラスチックシートなど）からなる。 The expansion part 33 is made of a transparent soft sheet (such as a transparent soft vinyl sheet or a transparent soft plastic sheet).
膨張部３３の表面は、第１及び第２の部分２１，２２により生体組織を挟持した際に該生体組織の表皮に接する。 The surface of the inflating portion 33 contacts the epidermis of the living tissue when the living tissue is sandwiched between the first and second portions 21 and 22.
このような構成の図７及び図８に示すセンサ部１０は、以下のように用いられる。 The sensor unit 10 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 having such a configuration is used as follows.
先ず、長孔３１内における止着材３０の位置を調節することにより、第１の部分２１と第２の部分２２とにより耳朶などの生体組織を挟持できるように、第１及び第２の部分２１，２２の相互間の距離を適宜に調節する。 First, by adjusting the position of the fastening material 30 in the long hole 31, the first and second parts can be sandwiched between the first part 21 and the second part 22 so as to hold a living tissue such as an earlobe. The distance between 21 and 22 is adjusted appropriately.
次に、第１及び第２の部分２１，２２において、出力窓２７及び導入窓２８が形成された部分により、血流の測定対象の生体組織（耳朶２３など）を挟持する。或いは、出力窓２７及び導入窓２８が形成された部分の間隔に、血流の測定対象の生体組織を位置させる。 Next, in the first and second portions 21 and 22, the living tissue (such as the earlobe 23) to be measured for blood flow is sandwiched by the portion where the output window 27 and the introduction window 28 are formed. Alternatively, the living tissue whose blood flow is to be measured is positioned at the interval between the portions where the output window 27 and the introduction window 28 are formed.
次に、インフレーター供給管２９を介して適正量の空気を膨張部３３と透明プラスチック板３２との間の空間に供給し、この空間の圧力を適正な圧力に加圧することにより、膨張部３３を適正な大きさに膨張させる。これにより、膨張部３３の表面と第２の部分２２の導入窓２８との間の距離が適正な距離に調整され、従って、第１及び第２の部分２１，２２に挟持された生体組織が適正な圧力に加圧される。 Next, an appropriate amount of air is supplied to the space between the inflating portion 33 and the transparent plastic plate 32 via the inflator supply pipe 29, and the pressure in this space is increased to an appropriate pressure. Inflate to proper size. Thereby, the distance between the surface of the inflating part 33 and the introduction window 28 of the second part 22 is adjusted to an appropriate distance, and thus the living tissue sandwiched between the first and second parts 21 and 22 is removed. Pressurized to an appropriate pressure.
この状態で、第１の部分２１内のレーザ光源２５からレーザ光Ｌを発し、このレーザ光Ｌを出力窓２７、透明プラスチック板３２及び膨張部３３を介して生体の表皮下の生体組織内に出力し、該生体組織内でレーザ光Ｌを前方散乱させ、その散乱光Ｓを導入窓２８を介して第２の部分２２内に導入してフォトダイオード２６により検出し、従来周知のレーザ血流計と同様に、光ドップラシフト効果により血流量を測定する。 In this state, laser light L is emitted from the laser light source 25 in the first portion 21, and this laser light L is passed through the output window 27, the transparent plastic plate 32, and the inflating part 33 into the living tissue under the skin of the living body. The laser light L is scattered forward in the living tissue, and the scattered light S is introduced into the second portion 22 through the introduction window 28 and detected by the photodiode 26. As with the meter, blood flow is measured by the optical Doppler shift effect.
なお、出力窓２７、透明プラスチック板３２、膨張部３３及び導入窓２８は何れも透明であり、レーザ光Ｌ（及び散乱光Ｓ）を妨げない。 The output window 27, the transparent plastic plate 32, the expanding portion 33, and the introduction window 28 are all transparent and do not interfere with the laser light L (and the scattered light S).
このように、図７及び図８に示すタイプのセンサ部１０を用いると、例えば耳朶２３などの生体組織を挟持するとともに、その生体組織に加わる圧力を加圧機構２４により所定の圧力に加圧した状態で、その生体組織の血流量を測定できるため、生体組織内の血流条件を常に一定にして測定を行うことが可能となる。よって、再現性よく血流量を測定することができる。 As described above, when the sensor unit 10 of the type shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is used, for example, a living tissue such as the earlobe 23 is sandwiched, and the pressure applied to the living tissue is pressurized to a predetermined pressure by the pressurizing mechanism 24. In this state, the blood flow rate of the living tissue can be measured, so that the blood flow condition in the living tissue can be always kept constant. Therefore, the blood flow rate can be measured with good reproducibility.
次に、図９は、生体の一部（例えば指４１など）に巻き付けられるタイプの後方散乱型のセンサ部１０の斜視図であり、手の指４１に装着された状態を示す。また、図１０は、図９に示すセンサ部１０のバンド状体４２を開いた状態を示す斜視図である。 Next, FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a backscattering sensor unit 10 of a type wound around a part of a living body (for example, a finger 41 or the like), and shows a state where it is attached to a finger 41 of a hand. FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a state where the band-like body 42 of the sensor unit 10 shown in FIG. 9 is opened.
以下、図９及び図１０に示すセンサ部１０について詳述する。 Hereinafter, the sensor unit 10 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 will be described in detail.
図１０に示すように、センサ部１０は、生体の一部（例えば指４１など）に巻き付けられるバンド状体４２と、加圧機構４３と、レーザ光源やフォトダイオード（図示略）を備える本体部４４と、を備えている。 As shown in FIG. 10, the sensor unit 10 includes a band-like body 42 wound around a part of a living body (for example, a finger 41), a pressurizing mechanism 43, a laser light source and a photodiode (not shown). 44.
バンド状体４２は、該バンド状体４２を生体の一部に巻き付けた際に外側となる面に面ファスナー（図示略）を備えている。従って、この面ファスナーにより、バンド状体４２を図９に示すように生体の一部に巻き付けた状態で固定したり、生体の一部に巻き付けた状態でのバンド状体４２の外周の長さを指４１などの太さに応じて調節したりできるようになっている。 The band-like body 42 is provided with a hook-and-loop fastener (not shown) on the outer surface when the band-like body 42 is wound around a part of the living body. Therefore, with this hook-and-loop fastener, the band-like body 42 is fixed in a state of being wound around a part of the living body as shown in FIG. 9, or the outer circumference of the band-like body 42 in a state of being wound around a part of the living body. Can be adjusted according to the thickness of the finger 41 or the like.
加圧機構４３は、バンド状体４２に設けられた膨張部４７と、この膨張部４７の内部に空気を供給するインフレーター供給管４８と、を備えて構成されている。 The pressurizing mechanism 43 includes an inflating portion 47 provided in the band-like body 42 and an inflator supply pipe 48 that supplies air into the inflating portion 47.
膨張部４７は、透明軟質材（透明軟質ビニール或いは透明軟質プラスチックなど）からなる袋状のものである。 The inflatable part 47 is a bag-like material made of a transparent soft material (transparent soft vinyl or transparent soft plastic).
この膨張部４７は、図１０に示すように、バンド状体４２において、該バンド状体４２を生体の一部に巻き付けた際に該生体の一部の表皮側に接する面（バンド状体４２において内側となる面）に設けられている。 As shown in FIG. 10, the inflatable portion 47 has a surface (band-like body 42) that comes into contact with the part of the living body when the band-like body 42 is wound around a part of the living body. In the inner surface).
更に、本体部４４は、図１０に示すように、上述した図７及び図８に示すタイプのセンサ部１０における出力窓２７及び導入窓２８に相当する機能を担う出力／導入窓４５を備えている。 Further, as shown in FIG. 10, the main body 44 includes an output / introduction window 45 that functions as the output window 27 and the introduction window 28 in the sensor unit 10 of the type shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 described above. Yes.
この出力／導入窓４５は、図１０に示すように、バンド状体４２に形成された開口４６を介して、膨張部４７が設けられている面から露出している。 As shown in FIG. 10, the output / introduction window 45 is exposed from the surface on which the inflating portion 47 is provided through the opening 46 formed in the band-like body 42.
この出力／導入窓４５において、本体部４４内のレーザ光源と対応する部位は出力部、本体部４４内のフォトダイオードと対応する部位は導入部を構成している。 In the output / introduction window 45, a portion corresponding to the laser light source in the main body portion 44 constitutes an output portion, and a portion corresponding to the photodiode in the main body portion 44 constitutes an introduction portion.
このような構成の図９及び図１０に示すセンサ部１０は、以下のように用いられる。 The sensor unit 10 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 having such a configuration is used as follows.
先ず、膨張部４７及び出力／導入窓４５が、例えば、指４１に接するように、バンド状体４２を指４１に巻き付け、面ファスナーで固定する。 First, the band-like body 42 is wound around the finger 41 so that the inflating part 47 and the output / introduction window 45 are in contact with the finger 41, for example, and fixed with a hook-and-loop fastener.
次に、インフレーター供給管４８を介して適正量の空気を膨張部４７内に供給し、この膨張部４７内の圧力を適正な圧力に加圧することにより、膨張部４７を適正な大きさに膨張させる。これにより、バンド状体４２が巻かれた指４１の生体組織が適正な圧力に加圧される。 Next, an appropriate amount of air is supplied into the inflating part 47 via the inflator supply pipe 48, and the inflating part 47 is inflated to an appropriate size by pressurizing the pressure in the inflating part 47 to an appropriate pressure. Let Thereby, the biological tissue of the finger 41 around which the band-like body 42 is wound is pressurized to an appropriate pressure.
この状態で、本体部４４内のレーザ光源からレーザ光を発し、このレーザ光を出力／導入窓４５の出力部を介して生体の表皮下の生体組織内に出力し、該生体組織内で後方散乱させ、その散乱光を出力／導入窓４５の導入部を介して本体部４４内に導入してフォトダイオードにより検出し、従来周知のレーザ血流計と同様に、光ドップラシフト効果により、表皮下の微少循環組織における血流量を測定する。 In this state, a laser beam is emitted from the laser light source in the main body 44, and this laser beam is output to the living tissue under the skin of the living body via the output unit of the output / introduction window 45, and is posterior in the living tissue. The scattered light is introduced into the main body 44 through the introduction part of the output / introduction window 45 and detected by a photodiode. Similar to the known laser blood flow meter, the epidermis is caused by the optical Doppler shift effect. Measure blood flow in the microcirculatory tissue below.
なお、出力／導入窓４５は透明であり、レーザ光（及び散乱光）を妨げない。 The output / introduction window 45 is transparent and does not hinder laser light (and scattered light).
このように、図９及び図１０に示すタイプのセンサ部１０を用いると、例えば指４１などの生体組織を挟持するとともに、その生体組織に加わる圧力を、加圧機構４３により所定の圧力に加圧した状態で、その生体組織の血流量を測定できるため、生体組織内の血流条件を常に一定にして測定を行うことが可能となる。よって、再現性よく血流量を測定することができる。 As described above, when the sensor unit 10 of the type shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 is used, for example, a living tissue such as a finger 41 is sandwiched, and the pressure applied to the living tissue is applied to a predetermined pressure by the pressurizing mechanism 43. Since the blood flow volume of the living tissue can be measured in a pressed state, the blood flow condition in the living tissue can be always kept constant. Therefore, the blood flow rate can be measured with good reproducibility.
なお、センサ部１０において、生体組織の表皮に接する部分を両面テープにより該表皮に接着することにより、一層測定条件を一定化することができ、より安定的に測定を行うことができる。 In the sensor unit 10, by adhering the part of the living tissue that contacts the epidermis to the epidermis with a double-sided tape, the measurement conditions can be made more constant and the measurement can be performed more stably.
また、図７及び図８に示すセンサ部１０、並びに、図９及び図１０に示すセンサ部１０は、それぞれ特徴的な構成のみを図示及び説明したに過ぎない。 Further, the sensor unit 10 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 and the sensor unit 10 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 only illustrate and explain only characteristic configurations, respectively.
具体的には、図７及び図８に示すセンサ部１０は、特開２００５−１９２８０７号公報に記載された前方散乱型のレーザ血流計のように、生体組織からの散乱光を集光してフォトダイオード２６により検出させる集光部材や、この集光部材により集光された散乱光をフォトダイオード２６へと導光する導光部材を備えることが好ましい。 Specifically, the sensor unit 10 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 collects scattered light from a living tissue like a forward scattering type laser blood flow meter described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-192807. It is preferable to include a light collecting member that is detected by the photodiode 26 and a light guide member that guides the scattered light collected by the light collecting member to the photodiode 26.
また、図９及び図１０に示すセンサ１０は、特開２００５−１９２８０７号公報に記載された後方散乱型のレーザ血流計のように、レーザー光源から照射されるレーザー光を生体組織側に反射させる第１の反射板や、生体組織からの散乱光を集光してフォトダイオードにより検出させる集光部材や、生体組織からの散乱光を集光部材側へと反射させる第２の反射板や、集光部材により集光された散乱光をフォトダイオードへと導光する導光部材や、レーザ光源が配置された第１の配置領域から第２の反射板、集光部材、導光部材が配置された第２の配置領域へとレーザ光が直接的に到達することを遮蔽する遮蔽板などを備えていることが好ましい。 Further, the sensor 10 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 reflects laser light emitted from a laser light source to the living tissue side like a backscatter type laser blood flow meter described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-192807. A first reflecting plate to be collected, a condensing member that collects scattered light from living tissue and detects it with a photodiode, a second reflecting plate that reflects scattered light from living tissue to the condensing member side, A light guide member that guides the scattered light collected by the light collecting member to the photodiode, a second reflector, a light collecting member, and a light guide member from the first arrangement region where the laser light source is arranged. It is preferable to include a shielding plate or the like that shields the laser beam from directly reaching the second arrangement region.
以上のような実施形態によれば、制御部４により演算されたＳＤ／Ｍｅａｎと相関のあるパラメータ（ＳＩ）を用いて、生体の状態（ストレス過剰であるかどうか、糖尿病であるかどうか、糖尿病に合併症を併発しているかどうか、糖尿病又は高血圧症であるかどうか、動脈硬化症又は虚血肢であるかどうかなど）を鑑別することができるので、被験体（被験者など）によらず、定量的に生体状態を鑑別することが可能である。 According to the embodiment as described above, the parameter (SI) correlated with SD / Mean calculated by the control unit 4 is used to check the state of the living body (whether it is overstressed, whether it is diabetic, Whether the patient has complications, whether it is diabetes or hypertension, whether it is arteriosclerosis or ischemic limb, etc. It is possible to distinguish the biological state quantitatively.
なお、上記の実施形態では、測定された血流量のデータに基づき演算されたＳＩを用いて、制御部４が生体の状態の鑑別を行う例を説明したが、ＳＩを用いて、医師などの鑑別者が鑑別を行うようにしても良い。具体的には、制御部４により演算されたＳＩや、そのＳＩのトレンド曲線を表示装置７に表示することにより、鑑別者は、表示内容から生体の状態の鑑別を行うことができる。或いは、演算されたＳＩや、そのＳＩのトレンド曲線をプリンタにより帳票出力することにより、その出力内容（印刷内容）から、鑑別者が生体の状態の鑑別を行うことができる。すなわち、本発明においては、制御部４が生体の状態の鑑別を行う構成は必須構成ではなく、また、演算されたＳＩや、そのＳＩのトレンド曲線（ＳＩを加工して得られるデータ）を表示装置７に表示させる構成も必須構成ではない。 In the above-described embodiment, the example in which the control unit 4 discriminates the state of the living body using the SI calculated based on the measured blood flow data has been described. A discriminator may perform discrimination. Specifically, by displaying the SI calculated by the control unit 4 and the trend curve of the SI on the display device 7, the discriminator can discriminate the state of the living body from the display content. Alternatively, by outputting the calculated SI and the trend curve of the SI with a printer, the discriminator can distinguish the state of the living body from the output contents (print contents). That is, in the present invention, the configuration in which the control unit 4 discriminates the state of the living body is not an essential configuration, and the calculated SI and the trend curve (data obtained by processing the SI) of the SI are displayed. The configuration displayed on the device 7 is not an essential configuration.
また、上記の実施形態では、生体状態鑑別用装置１が血流量測定手段としてのレーザ血流計２を備える例を説明したが、血流量測定手段（レーザ血流計２など）は生体状態鑑別用装置１の外部の構成であっても良い。 In the above-described embodiment, the example in which the biological state discrimination device 1 includes the laser blood flow meter 2 as the blood flow measurement unit has been described. However, the blood flow measurement unit (laser blood flow meter 2 or the like) An external configuration of the apparatus 1 may be used.
また、生体の状態を鑑別する手法は、上記の実施形態で説明した例に限らない。具体的には、例えば、頭部の血流量の測定値から演算されるＳＩを、術中や術後管理のＩＣＵ（集中治療部）やＣＣＵ（冠疾患集中治療部）の他、出産時や新生児管理のＮＩＣＵにおいて患者の状態の重篤度を鑑別するためのパラメータとして用いることができる。 Moreover, the method of discriminating the state of the living body is not limited to the example described in the above embodiment. Specifically, for example, SI calculated from a measured value of blood flow in the head is used for intraoperative and postoperative management ICU (intensive care unit) and CCU (coronary disease intensive care unit), at the time of childbirth and for newborns. It can be used as a parameter for discriminating the severity of the patient's condition in the managing NICU.
また、上記の実施形態では、ＳＤ／Ｍｅａｎに１００を乗算することにより百分率で表したパラメータ（ＳＩ）に基づいて生体の状態を鑑別する例を説明したが、ＳＤ／Ｍｅａｎと相関のあるパラメータであればその他のパラメータを用いても、同様に、生体の状態を鑑別することができる。また、そのパラメータとＳＤ／Ｍｅａｎとの相関は、正の相関に限らず、負の相関であっても良い。 In the above embodiment, an example has been described in which the state of a living body is identified based on a parameter (SI) expressed as a percentage by multiplying SD / Mean by 100. However, the parameter has a correlation with SD / Mean. Even if other parameters are used, the state of the living body can be similarly identified. Further, the correlation between the parameter and SD / Mean is not limited to a positive correlation, and may be a negative correlation.
１ 生体状態鑑別用装置
２ レーザ血流計（血流量測定手段）
４ 制御部（演算手段、鑑別手段）
７ 表示装置（表示装置）
２１ 第１の部分（挟持部を構成する）
２２ 第２の部分（挟持部を構成する）
２４ 加圧機構
２５ レーザ光源
２６ フォトダイオード（検出手段）
４２ バンド状体
４３ 加圧機構
1 Biological condition discrimination device 2 Laser blood flow meter (blood flow measuring means)
4 Control unit (calculation means, discrimination means)
7 Display device (display device)
21 1st part (composing a clamping part)
22 2nd part (composes a clamping part)
24 Pressurizing mechanism 25 Laser light source 26 Photodiode (detection means)
42 Band-shaped body 43 Pressure mechanism
Claims (17)
生体の血流量を測定する血流量測定手段により所定時間内において測定された複数の測定値の標準偏差値をＳＤ、前記複数の測定値の平均値をＭｅａｎとすると、ＳＤ／Ｍｅａｎと相関のあるパラメータを演算する演算手段を備えることを特徴とする生体状態鑑別用装置。 A biological state discrimination device used for differentiating a biological state,
When SD is the standard deviation value of a plurality of measured values measured within a predetermined time by a blood flow measuring means for measuring the blood flow rate of a living body, and Mean is the mean value of the plurality of measured values, there is a correlation with SD / Mean. An apparatus for distinguishing biological conditions, comprising a computing means for computing a parameter.
生体組織にレーザ光を照射するレーザ光源と、
前記レーザ光源により照射されるレーザ光が生体組織内で散乱することによって生じる散乱光を検出する検出手段と、
生体組織を挟持する挟持部と、
前記挟持部により挟持された生体組織を所定圧力で加圧する加圧機構と、
を備えるレーザ血流計であり、
前記挟持部を構成するうちで、測定の際に生体組織に対し一方の側となる部分には前記レーザ光源が配置され、他方の側となる部分には前記検出手段が配置されたことにより、レーザ光が前方散乱した散乱光を前記検出手段によって検出するように構成され、
前記挟持部により生体組織を挟持し該生体組織を前記加圧機構により所定圧力に加圧した状態で前記検出手段により検出される散乱光に基づいて、血流量を測定することを特徴とする請求項１３に記載の生体状態鑑別用装置。 The blood flow measuring means includes
A laser light source for irradiating a living tissue with laser light;
Detecting means for detecting scattered light generated by scattering of the laser light irradiated by the laser light source in the living tissue;
A clamping part for clamping the living tissue;
A pressurizing mechanism that pressurizes the living tissue sandwiched by the sandwiching section with a predetermined pressure;
A laser blood flow meter comprising:
In constituting the clamping part, the laser light source is arranged on the part that becomes one side with respect to the living tissue at the time of measurement, and the detection means is arranged on the part that becomes the other side, It is configured to detect the scattered light from which the laser light has been scattered forward by the detection means,
The blood flow is measured based on scattered light detected by the detection means in a state where the living tissue is held by the holding unit and the living tissue is pressurized to a predetermined pressure by the pressurizing mechanism. Item 14. The biological condition discrimination device according to Item 13.
生体組織にレーザ光を照射するレーザ光源と、
前記レーザ光源により照射されるレーザ光が生体組織内で後方散乱した散乱光を検出する検出手段と、
前記レーザ光源及び前記検出手段が設けられ、生体の一部に巻き付けられるバンド状体と、
前記バンド状体が巻かれた部位を所定圧力で加圧する加圧機構と、
を備えるレーザ血流計であり、
前記バンド状体を生体の一部に巻き付けることにより、前記レーザ光源及び前記検出手段が生体組織に向かうように構成され、
前記バンド状体を生体の一部に巻き付け、前記バンド状体が巻かれた部位を前記加圧機構により所定圧力で加圧した状態で、前記検出手段により検出される散乱光に基づいて血流量を測定することを特徴とする請求項１３に記載の生体状態鑑別用装置。 The blood flow measuring means includes
A laser light source for irradiating a living tissue with laser light;
Detecting means for detecting scattered light back-scattered in the living tissue by the laser light emitted from the laser light source;
A band-shaped body provided with the laser light source and the detection means and wound around a part of a living body;
A pressurizing mechanism for pressurizing a portion around which the band-shaped body is wound at a predetermined pressure;
A laser blood flow meter comprising:
By wrapping the band-shaped body around a part of the living body, the laser light source and the detection means are configured to face the living tissue,
The blood flow is based on the scattered light detected by the detection means in a state where the band-like body is wound around a part of a living body and the portion around which the band-like body is wound is pressurized at a predetermined pressure by the pressurizing mechanism. The biological state discrimination device according to claim 13, wherein the device is measured.
前記レーザ光源により照射されるレーザ光が生体組織内で散乱することによって生じる散乱光を検出する検出手段と、
生体組織を挟持する挟持部と、
前記挟持部により挟持された生体組織を所定圧力で加圧する加圧機構と、
を備え、
前記挟持部を構成するうちで、測定の際に生体組織に対し一方の側となる部分には前記レーザ光源が配置され、他方の側となる部分には前記検出手段が配置されたことにより、レーザ光が前方散乱した散乱光を前記検出手段によって検出するように構成され、
前記挟持部により生体組織を挟持し該生体組織を前記加圧機構により所定圧力に加圧した状態で前記検出手段により検出される散乱光に基づいて、血流量を測定することを特徴とするレーザ血流計。 A laser light source for irradiating a living tissue with laser light;
Detecting means for detecting scattered light generated by scattering of the laser light irradiated by the laser light source in the living tissue;
A clamping part for clamping the living tissue;
A pressurizing mechanism that pressurizes the living tissue sandwiched by the sandwiching section with a predetermined pressure;
With
In constituting the clamping part, the laser light source is arranged on the part that becomes one side with respect to the living tissue at the time of measurement, and the detection means is arranged on the part that becomes the other side, It is configured to detect the scattered light from which the laser light has been scattered forward by the detection means,
A laser that measures a blood flow based on scattered light detected by the detection means in a state where a living tissue is held by the holding portion and the living tissue is pressurized to a predetermined pressure by the pressurizing mechanism. Blood flow meter.
前記レーザ光源により照射されるレーザ光が生体組織内で後方散乱した散乱光を検出する検出手段と、
前記レーザ光源及び前記検出手段が設けられ、生体の一部に巻き付けられるバンド状体と、
前記バンド状体が巻かれた部位を所定圧力で加圧する加圧機構と、
を備え、
前記バンド状体を生体の一部に巻き付けることにより、前記レーザ光源及び前記検出手段が生体組織に向かうように構成され、
前記バンド状体を生体の一部に巻き付け、前記バンド状体が巻かれた部位を前記加圧機構により所定圧力で加圧した状態で、前記検出手段により検出される散乱光に基づいて血流量を測定することを特徴とするレーザ血流計。 A laser light source for irradiating a living tissue with laser light;
Detecting means for detecting scattered light back-scattered in the living tissue by the laser light emitted from the laser light source;
A band-shaped body provided with the laser light source and the detection means and wound around a part of a living body;
A pressurizing mechanism for pressurizing a portion around which the band-shaped body is wound at a predetermined pressure;
With
By wrapping the band-shaped body around a part of the living body, the laser light source and the detection means are configured to face the living tissue,
The blood flow is based on the scattered light detected by the detection means in a state where the band-like body is wound around a part of a living body and the portion around which the band-like body is wound is pressurized at a predetermined pressure by the pressurizing mechanism. A laser blood flow meter, characterized by measuring.
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