JP2008122133A - System for determining precipitation amount and pattern, and road-surface frozen state determination system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an unprecedented and epoch-making system for determining a precipitation amount and pattern. <P>SOLUTION: The system includes an optical snow grain detection means 1 for optically detecting the existence or quantity of snow grains "a" in the air, and a capacitance-type precipitation detection means 2 for detecting the existence or quantity of precipitation onto a measurement surface "s" by measuring a change in the amount of water contacting with the measurement surface "s" as a change in capacitance. The existence or quantity of snow grains "a" detected by the detection means 1 is taken as data "A" while the existence or quantity of precipitation onto the measurement surface "s" detected by the detection means 2 is taken as data "B". Criteria are previously set wherein the quantity of precipitation corresponding to combinations of the data "A" and the data "B" and its precipitation pattern are defined for every combination. The system includes a determination means determining, in the event of determination, the quantity of precipitation and its precipitation pattern based on the detected data A and B while referring to the criteria. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a precipitation amount / precipitation form determination system and a road surface freezing state determination system used for, for example, winter road surface management.

  Freezing of the road surface caused by winter precipitation (snow and rain) in cold regions is a very dangerous cause of traffic accidents. Therefore, road surface management such as spraying of an antifreezing agent and watering by a road surface watering device has been conventionally performed in order to prevent the road surface from freezing.

  In practice, however, such road surface management is often carried out without accurately knowing the precipitation and freezing conditions on the road surface. The road surface management such as watering by the road surface watering device or the road surface watering device is implemented, or the road surface management is insufficiently performed at the necessary place, which is very inefficient.

  Therefore, in order to carry out such road surface management accurately, it is important to accurately grasp the state of precipitation on the road surface that causes the road surface to freeze and the form of precipitation (rain, snow, and miso).

  By the way, the AMeDAS observation network of the Japan Meteorological Agency has been operating as a system for observing precipitation.

  In addition to precipitation (rainfall and snowfall), temperature, sunshine duration, wind direction and wind speed, etc. can be observed, and particularly in snowy areas, weather factors such as snow depth are also observed.

  However, this AMeDAS observation network has a wide interval between observation points (locations where AMeDAS observation equipment is installed) (there may be a distance of about 20 km to 30 km), so that the observation accuracy is coarse and the locality is high. It has the disadvantage that it is difficult to observe precipitation (rainfall, snowfall) truly accurately. In addition, it is difficult to use data in real time, and there are various drawbacks such as very high cost of the observation device itself.

  A precipitation observation system using a weather radar has also been in operation.

  This is because, by using radar echoes, it is possible to observe local precipitation more densely than the AMeDAS observation network, where the observation accuracy is coarse as described above, by grasping the position of precipitation particles, that is, clouds, in the sky. However, due to the characteristics of using radar, there is a drawback that observation errors are likely to occur due to the influence of precipitation particles, topography, buildings, etc. until reaching the clouds. In addition, precipitation particles falling from a high cloud that reaches about 2000m above the sky are naturally swept by the wind before reaching the ground surface, and the position of the clouds detected by the radar and the actual precipitation particles on the ground surface. It has the disadvantage that displacement will occur with the position it reaches (especially if the precipitation is snow (snow), it takes about 20 minutes to fall from the cloud and reach the ground surface. In the meantime, it may be carried over 10km by wind).

  In addition, although this weather radar and the above-mentioned AMeDAS network can both observe precipitation, the determination of the precipitation form (rain, snow, and miso) is based on temperature. Is unreliable.

  In addition to the AMeDAS observation network and weather radar, for example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-179052, there is a conventional apparatus that is installed near the ground surface and observes snowfall.

  In this method, the presence or absence of snow particles is detected optically by detecting light received from the light projecting unit and reflected by the light receiving unit. However, although this device can detect the presence or absence of snow particles and the amount of snow and grasp the amount of snow well, it is difficult to accurately grasp the amount of rainfall, and like the above-mentioned AMeDAS observation machine and weather radar, There is no function that can accurately determine precipitation form without relying on temperature.

  There is also a conventional device that detects the presence or absence of precipitation on the measurement surface by measuring the change in the amount of water in contact with the measurement surface as a change in capacitance.

  This is because, as will be described later, a comb-shaped electrode is attached to the back surface of the base material whose surface is the measurement surface, and alternating current electrolysis is applied between the electrodes, and the surface of the base material that is the measurement surface is applied. By measuring the change in the amount of moisture in contact as a change in capacitance (voltage change based on impedance), it is possible to detect the presence or absence of precipitation on the measurement surface (snow is the back side of the substrate). Measured by melting into water droplets with the heat of the heater provided on the side). However, although this device can detect the presence or absence of precipitation on the measurement surface and the amount of precipitation and can grasp the amount of precipitation well, there is still no function that can accurately determine the form of precipitation.

  Therefore, although it is possible to accurately grasp the precipitation condition on the road surface (the amount of snowfall and the amount of rainfall), it has never been possible to accurately determine the precipitation form, and therefore the precipitation form can be accurately determined. In order to do this, visual observation must be performed. However, since human labor is required instead of mechanical (automatic) determination, it is troublesome and the observation frequency is inevitably limited.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-179052

  The present invention has been completed in view of the above-described problems, and has been implemented by a conventional method of low-reliability determination relying on temperature as in the past, or by troublesome visual observation that is troublesome. Can be determined mechanically with high accuracy regardless of temperature, and the amount of precipitation can be determined mechanically with high accuracy, so it is always possible to determine the amount of precipitation and its precipitation form in real time at any time. As a result, it is possible to accurately grasp the rainfall condition on the road surface and efficiently implement road surface management based on it, and such an excellent judgment system is a conventional example. It is an object of the present invention to provide a revolutionary technology with extremely high practicality that can be realized at low cost without requiring high cost like the AMeDAS observation machine.

  In addition, since it can be realized at a low cost as described above, it is easy to set up a large number of observation points. In this way, by setting up a large number of observation points, the amount of precipitation and the precipitation conditions such as the type of precipitation are pointed out. Rather than a ground-breaking technology with excellent practicality that makes it possible to easily determine the precipitation distribution and its precipitation form in a given control area. The issue is to provide.

  The gist of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  An optical snow particle detecting means 1 for optically detecting the presence or absence of snow particles a in the atmosphere or the amount of water, and a change in the amount of moisture in contact with the measurement surface s is measured as a change in capacitance. Capacitance type precipitation detection means 2 for detecting the presence or absence of precipitation on the surface, and the presence or absence of snow particles a detected by the optical snow particle detection means 1 as data A, the capacitance type precipitation. Presence / absence or amount of precipitation on the measurement surface s detected by the detection means 2 is defined as data B, and the amount of precipitation corresponding to the combination of the data A and data B and the type of precipitation are represented as data A and data B. A predetermined determination criterion is set for each combination of the above, and at the time of determination, the data A detected by the optical snow particle detecting means 1 and the data B detected by the capacitive precipitation detecting means 2 and Those related to precipitation and precipitation type decision system characterized by amount of rainfall corresponding to the combination with the Its precipitation forms with a determination means by referring to said criterion.

  The capacitance type precipitation detection means 2 detects the presence or absence of precipitation on the measurement surface s, and determines that there is no precipitation when there is no precipitation, and when there is precipitation, the optical snowfall. The presence or absence of the snow particles a is detected by the grain detection means 1, and when the snow particles a are not present, the precipitation form is determined to be rain, and the precipitation amount is determined from the data B detected by the capacitive precipitation detection means 2. If the snowfall a is present, the amount of precipitation corresponding to the combination of the data A detected by the optical snowfall detection means 1 and the data B detected by the capacitive precipitation detection means 2 is determined. The precipitation / precipitation form determination system according to claim 1, wherein the determination means is configured to determine the amount of rain and its precipitation form with reference to the determination criterion.

  The optical snow particle detecting means 1 and the capacitive precipitation detecting means 2 constitute a set of detection units D, and a plurality of the detection units D are installed in a predetermined determination control region. A determination means for determining the amount of precipitation and its precipitation form at each installation location with reference to the determination criteria based on the data A and data B detected by each detection unit D installed at the location; Judgment data of the amount of precipitation and its precipitation form at each installation location determined by the determination means are collected to determine the precipitation distribution and its precipitation form in the predetermined determination control region where a plurality of each of the detection units D are installed. The precipitation / precipitation form determination system according to any one of claims 1 and 2, further comprising a data collection determination unit configured to perform the data collection determination.

  Further, the data A and the data B are detected every moment by the plurality of detection units D, and the precipitation distribution in the predetermined judgment reference region based on the data A and the data B detected every moment. 4. The precipitation / precipitation form determination system according to claim 3, wherein the data collection determination unit is configured to sequentially determine the precipitation form.

  Further, based on the data A and data B detected every moment by the plurality of detection units D, the precipitation distribution and the precipitation form in the predetermined determination control region are sequentially determined by the data collection determination unit, Precipitation prediction means for predicting the future precipitation distribution and the precipitation form in the predetermined judgment control region by grasping the temporal distribution of the precipitation distribution and the precipitation form in the judgment control region from the judgment data sequentially determined. The precipitation / precipitation form determination system according to claim 4, wherein:

  Moreover, it is provided with temperature measurement means, and the presence or absence of snowfall or the amount of snow determined by the precipitation / precipitation form determination system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and the temperature measured by the temperature measurement means The road surface freezing condition corresponding to the combination with the data is set in advance with the road surface freezing condition determination criterion defined in advance for each combination of the snowfall data and the temperature data. A road surface freezing condition judging system characterized by comprising road surface judging means for judging a road surface freezing condition corresponding to a combination of presence / absence or multiple data and temperature data with reference to the road surface freezing condition judging standard. It is.

  Since the present invention is configured as described above, the determination of the precipitation form (rain, snow, and miso), which has been performed by a troublesome visual determination or a low-accuracy determination method that relies on temperature conditions until now, Observations do not bother humans, and do not require temperature conditions, and the accuracy of the amount of precipitation and the form of precipitation based on the presence or absence of precipitation grains or the presence or absence of precipitation and the presence or absence of precipitation. Can judge well.

  In addition, as a detection means for carrying out such a determination, there is an existing optical snow particle detection means that optically detects snow particles, or a change in the amount of moisture that contacts the measurement surface due to a change in capacitance. Since the existing detection means of capacitance type precipitation detection means to be detected can be adopted, there is no worry of extremely high cost, and it is very expensive compared to expensive equipment such as AMeDAS It can be realized cheaply.

  Therefore, the present invention can determine the amount of precipitation and its precipitation form at a low cost and with high accuracy, for example, it can accurately grasp the precipitation situation that causes road surface freezing, and is extremely suitable for road surface management. It will be a groundbreaking precipitation and precipitation form determination system with practical value.

  Further, in the invention according to claim 2, when it is detected that there is no precipitation, wasteful detection such as heavy precipitation and precipitation form is not performed, and even if it is detected that there is precipitation If it is detected that there are no snow particles, it is determined that the precipitation form is rain regardless of the result of data A (presence or absence of snow particles or a lot of rain). The amount of precipitation and the form of precipitation can be judged reliably.

  Further, in the inventions according to claims 3 to 5, a data collection determination for collecting determination data such as a large number of detection units installed in a predetermined determination control region and the amount of precipitation detected and determined by the detection units and the precipitation form thereof By the means, it is possible to judge and grasp the precipitation situation such as the precipitation distribution and the precipitation form in the predetermined judgment reference area not in a point but in a plane.

  In addition, for example, if a large number of detection units are installed densely in a predetermined judgment control region, it is possible to grasp the rainfall situation with high locality more densely and more accurately, and the detection unit can use existing detection means ( It can be realized inexpensively with a commercially available detection device), so it is easy to install detection units densely in terms of cost, and in this respect also, it is easy to judge and grasp the precise and precise precipitation conditions. It will be even better.

  Particularly, in the inventions according to claims 4 and 5, the precipitation situation such as the precipitation distribution and the precipitation form in the predetermined judgment control region can be judged in chronological order, and the temporal change of the precipitation situation can be grasped in chronological order. Therefore, it is possible to estimate the future precipitation distribution and its precipitation form with extremely high accuracy from this time-dependent change in precipitation conditions. It will be excellent.

  Further, in the invention described in claim 6, for example, a determination of a linear precipitation situation along a road surface or along a road surface is performed using the excellent determination system of the present invention as described above. Therefore, it is possible to accurately grasp the precipitation situation on this road surface that causes road surface freezing, and it is also possible to easily predict the future road surface freezing condition, based on these, accurate and efficient Road surface management (spreading of antifreezing agent and watering of snowmelt water) can be carried out, and this is a groundbreaking and extremely practical road surface freezing condition determination system that is extremely suitable for this type of road surface management.

  DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention that are considered suitable (how to carry out the invention) will be briefly described with reference to the drawings, illustrating the operation of the present invention.

  The present invention determines precipitation and precipitation form based on data obtained by detection by the optical snow particle detection means 1 and the electrostatic capacity type precipitation detection means 2 at the time of determination.

  More specifically, the optical snow particle detecting means 1 optically detects the presence or absence of snow particles a in the atmosphere, and the detection result is used as data A.

  Further, the capacitance type precipitation detection means 2 detects the presence or absence of precipitation on the measurement surface s by measuring the change in the amount of water in contact with the measurement surface s as a change in capacitance, and this detection. The result is data B.

  In the present invention, a criterion for preliminarily defining the amount of precipitation corresponding to the combination of the data A and the data B and the precipitation form is set. In addition, this determination criterion is, for example, as in an embodiment described later (for example, as in the determination table (table) illustrated in FIG. 1), an area in which data on the amount of snow particles a in data A is arranged, From the area where the data of the amount of precipitation on the snow surface s in data B is arranged, and the area where the judgment data of the amount of precipitation corresponding to each combination of both areas and the precipitation form are arranged In other words, it may be set such that judgment data for the amount of precipitation and its precipitation form can be obtained by referring to an area corresponding to the combination of detected data A and data B.

  Therefore, the present invention refers to the judgment criteria based on the data A and data B obtained from the conventional optical snow particle detecting means 1 and the electrostatic capacity type precipitation detecting means 2 while using the existing optical snow particle detecting means 1 and the electrostatic capacity type precipitation detecting means 2. By implementing an unprecedented technique, it is possible to determine the amount of precipitation and its precipitation form mechanically and accurately without relying on temperature conditions and visual observation as in the conventional example, for example. Each detection means (optical snowfall detection means 1 and capacitive precipitation detection means 2) itself can be an existing product to the last, so there is no concern about remarkably high costs (like the AMeDAS observation machine). Compared to expensive equipment).

  In addition, for example, the optical snow particle detection means 1 and the electrostatic capacity type precipitation detection means 2 are set as a set of detection units D, and a plurality of the detection units D are installed in a predetermined determination control region. A determination means for determining the amount of precipitation in each installation location and its precipitation form with reference to the determination criteria based on the data A and data B detected by each detection unit D installed in each installation location; Collecting judgment data on the amount of precipitation and its precipitation form at each installation location judged by each judgment means, and the precipitation distribution and its precipitation form in the predetermined judgment control region where a plurality of each of the detection units D are installed If the data collection determination means for determining the data is provided, based on the data detected by each detection unit D, the data collection determination means performs a predetermined determination reference region (observation site). ) Can be performed determines snowfall distribution and its precipitation forms in, to grasp the faceted precipitation conditions in the predetermined determination target region becomes possible.

  In addition, as described above, the detection unit D of the present invention can be realized at a lower cost than an expensive device such as an AMeDAS observation machine. Therefore, a large number of detection units D can be installed in a predetermined determination target area. In this way, it is possible to easily grasp the rainfall situation with high locality with high accuracy by making a dense judgment of the amount of precipitation and its precipitation form. Become.

  Further, for example, the data A and the data B are detected every moment by the plurality of detection units D, and the precipitation in the predetermined determination control region is based on the data A and the data B detected every moment. If the data collection determination means is configured to sequentially determine the distribution and its precipitation form, the precipitation distribution in the determination control area is analyzed by sequentially determining and analyzing the precipitation distribution and the precipitation form in the predetermined determination control area. The situation can be grasped in a plane and in time series.

  Therefore, for example, it is possible to grasp the precipitation distribution in the determination control region and the temporal change of the precipitation form from the determination data determined sequentially, and to predict the future precipitation distribution and the precipitation form in the predetermined determination control region. If the configuration including the prediction unit is used, the data collection determination unit can accurately grasp the temporal change of the precipitation situation in the predetermined determination target region in time series as described above. It is also possible to make an accurate prediction of the precipitation distribution and its precipitation form.

  In addition, the prediction of the precipitation situation in the predetermined judgment control area and further the precipitation situation in the future is used for grasping and prediction of the frozen state of the road surface in winter, for example, so that accurate and efficient road surface management can be performed. It is also possible to implement.

  In particular, for example, provided with an air temperature measurement means, the presence or absence of snowfall or the amount of snowfall determined by the precipitation / precipitation form determination system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and the temperature measurement means Predetermined road surface freezing condition judgment criteria for each combination of the snowfall data and the temperature data are set for the road surface freezing state corresponding to the combination with the temperature data, and the detected snowfall is detected at the time of determination. If the road surface freezing state corresponding to the presence / absence of the amount or the combination of the temperature data and the temperature data is provided with road surface judging means for judging with reference to the road surface freezing state judgment standard, the precipitation amount of the present invention By combining temperature measurement means with the precipitation form determination system, it is also possible to easily understand road snowfall and temperature data, for example, in a plane and time series. For example, an extremely innovative road surface freezing condition judgment system that can accurately grasp the road surface freezing condition, and predict future road surface freezing conditions by grasping changes in freezing conditions over time, etc. It can also be realized.

  A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  In this embodiment, the optical snow particle detecting means 1 for optically detecting the presence or absence of snow particles a in the atmosphere or the amount of water, and measuring the change in the amount of water in contact with the measurement surface s as a change in capacitance. And a capacitance type precipitation detecting means 2 for detecting the presence or absence of precipitation on the measurement surface s, and the presence or absence of the snow particles a detected by the optical snow particle detection means 1 as data A, Presence or absence of precipitation on the measuring surface s detected by the capacitance type precipitation detection means 2 or the amount of precipitation as data B, the amount of precipitation corresponding to the combination of this data A and data B and its precipitation form are shown in this data. A predetermined determination criterion is set for each combination of A and data B. At the time of determination, the data A detected by the optical snow particle detection means 1 and the capacitance type precipitation detection means 2 are detected. A precipitation and precipitation type decision system amount of rainfall and the Its precipitation forms with a determination means by referring to the metric corresponding to the combination of the data B.

  The optical snow particle detecting means 1 of this embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has a light projecting / receiving unit 3 that projects and receives light, and projects light (infrared rays) from the light projecting / receiving unit 3. A commercially available product configured to detect the presence or absence of the snow particles a by detecting the reflected light reflected on the snow particles a (snow pieces) in the atmosphere by the light projecting / receiving unit 3. (Each snowfall particle a is detected as the number of pulses. The larger the number of detected pulses, the more snowfall particles a).

  In the figure, reference numeral 1s denotes a control unit 1s including an operation unit that scans the operating state of the optical snow particle detector, an output unit that outputs a detection result as a digital output value, and the like.

  However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a light projecting unit and a light receiving unit are provided in an opposing state, and light (infrared rays) is projected from the light projecting unit to the light receiving unit. The optical snow particle detection means 1 of this embodiment, such as an optical snow particle detector of the type that detects the presence or absence of snow particles a and the number of snow particles from the number of lights that did not reach and the number of lights that could reach, Any device that can exhibit the same function may be used.

  In addition, the capacitance type snowfall detecting means 2 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 forms a comb-shaped electrode 5 on the back side of a PTFE base material 4 (polytetrafluoroethylene base material or Teflon (registered trademark) base material). Then, an existing detector that applies an alternating electric field between the electrodes and measures a change in the amount of moisture contacting the PTFE substrate 4 as a change in capacitance is employed.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the lower part of the PTFE base material 4 is surrounded by an aluminum frame 6 from the side, and the comb-shaped electrode 5 is arranged along the back surface of the PTFE base material 4. A space surrounded by the aluminum frame 6 is provided with a urethane mold 7 filled with a urethane material (insulator). Reference numeral 8 in the figure denotes a heater 8 for heating the PTFE base material 4.

  When the surface of the PTFE substrate 4, that is, the measurement surface s is in a dry state, the capacitance between the comb electrodes 5 is determined by the dielectric constant of the PTFE substrate 4 and the urethane material insulator (urethane mold 7).

  On the other hand, the dielectric constant changes when moisture (such as water droplets) comes into contact with the surface of the PTFE substrate 4 due to precipitation. By detecting the change in dielectric constant, that is, the change in capacitance as a voltage change based on impedance, the presence or absence of precipitation on the measurement surface s is detected.

  More specifically, in the internal circuit, the voltage change is taken into the CPU by an AD converter and output as a digital value (0 to 255). The greater the amount of contact (adhesion) of moisture with the measurement surface s, the greater the internal voltage and the greater the digital output value.

  Incidentally, although the moisture content is large, the change in the dielectric constant (capacitance change) when water droplets adhere to the measurement surface s is large, but even if the snow particles a themselves adhere to the measurement surface s (snow accumulation), the change is almost the same. Does not occur. Therefore, the PTFE substrate 4 is heated by the heater 8, and the snow particles s adhering to the measurement surface s are melted into water droplets and measured.

  In the present embodiment, this optical snow particle detecting means 1 and the electrostatic capacity type precipitation detecting means 2 constitute a set of detection units D.

  In addition, this detection unit D shall be installed in the road surface vicinity so that the precipitation condition of a road surface (ground surface) can be detected correctly. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the height of the light projecting / receiving unit 3 of the optical snow particle detecting means 1 is not so high as to be located above the ground surface (for example, a height of 5 to 6 m). Install in. Further, the light projecting / receiving unit 3 may be installed on an existing telephone pole standing on the road surface. Moreover, the electrostatic capacitance type precipitation detection means 2 is installed in the vicinity of the road surface with the measurement surface s facing upward so that the same precipitation state as the road surface can be detected. In the illustrated embodiment, the electrostatic capacity type precipitation detecting means 2 is provided in an embedded state on the road surface so that the measurement surface s is substantially flush with the road surface (ground surface) to be measured.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of the detection units D are installed in a predetermined determination control region. Further, based on the data A and data B detected by each detection unit D installed at each of the plurality of installation locations, the amount of precipitation at each installation location and its precipitation form are determined with reference to the determination criteria. Judgment means is provided.

  And it comprises a data collection judgment means, and this data collection judgment means collects judgment data on the amount of precipitation and its precipitation form at each installation location judged by each judgment means, and each detection unit D The precipitation distribution and the precipitation form in the predetermined judgment control region installed in plurality are judged in a plane.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the detection unit D installed at each installation location converts the detected detection result into data and records / saves the data collected by the data collection determination unit. Data transmitting means (PDF, packet communication device, etc.) for transmitting data to data analyzing means (personal computer) for analysis is provided.

  Therefore, the data collection determination means of the present embodiment includes a data transmission means that is provided for each detection unit D and transmits data (data A, data B) detected by the detection unit D to the data processing means, Determination means (processing by a personal computer) for determining the amount of snowfall at the location where each detection unit D is installed and its precipitation form from the data transmitted from each detection unit D through the data transmission means, and this determination The means is constituted by data processing means (personal computer) which records and saves the means on an appropriate recording medium and analyzes and outputs the precipitation distribution and the precipitation form in a predetermined judgment control region.

  In this embodiment, the detection unit D detects the data A and the data B every moment, and based on the data A and the data B detected every moment, the predetermined determination control region The data collection determination means is configured to sequentially determine the precipitation distribution and its precipitation form.

  In addition, each detection unit D performs detection every moment, but this every moment includes a case where detection is always performed continuously, for example, detection is performed intermittently every minute, for example, continuously every predetermined time. In this case, the detection is performed.

  Further, the data A and data B detected by the detection unit D in this manner are transmitted to the data processing means (personal computer) sequentially by the data transmission means (PDF, packet communication device, etc.). The Based on these data, the precipitation distribution in the predetermined determination control region and the precipitation form are determined by the determination means provided in the data processing means (personal computer), and the sequentially determined determination data is appropriately determined. It is recorded / saved in a storage medium, and data can be extracted (output) as needed.

  From the data of the past precipitation situation recorded from time to time, it is possible to grasp the precipitation distribution in the judgment control area and the temporal change of the precipitation form, and to determine the future precipitation distribution and the precipitation form in the predetermined judgment control area. Precipitation prediction means to predict Specifically, precipitation prediction is made by data analysis by a data processing means (personal computer).

  In addition to the past precipitation status data recorded and stored as described above, the latest precipitation status data updated in real time based on the data from the detection unit D sent sequentially is also taken into account. The precipitation prediction means is configured to update the precipitation prediction in real time.

  The determination flow of the amount of precipitation and the precipitation form by the determination means of the present embodiment configured as described above will be described with reference to FIG.

  First, the presence or absence of precipitation on the measurement surface s is detected by the capacitive precipitation detection means 2 of the detection unit D.

  Here, when there is no precipitation, it is determined that the amount of precipitation is zero, and the detection and determination are finished.

  On the other hand, when there is precipitation (detection of moisture adhering to the measurement surface s), the optical snowfall particle detecting means 1 detects the presence or absence of the snow particle a.

  Here, when there is no snow grain a, the precipitation form is determined to be rain, and the amount of precipitation is determined from the data B detected by the electrostatic capacity type precipitation detection means 2.

  On the other hand, if there is a snowfall a, then the precipitation corresponding to the combination of the data A detected by the optical snowfall detection means 1 and the data B detected by the capacitive precipitation detection means 2 Are determined with reference to the determination criteria. Specifically, the amount of precipitation and its precipitation form are determined from the data A and data B with reference to the determination table shown in FIG.

  In the present embodiment, this determination table is based on the area where the data of snow particles a in the data A (the number of pulses is large, medium and small) and the amount of precipitation on the measurement surface s in the data B ( 5 types of judgment data (A to E) of the area where the data of the capacitance is large, medium and small, and the amount of precipitation corresponding to each combination of both areas and the precipitation form By referring to the judgment data of the area corresponding to the combination of the detected data A and data B, judgment data on the amount of precipitation and its precipitation form can be obtained. It is set to be able to.

  That is, for example, when the detection data detected by the capacitance type precipitation detection means 2 is “small” and the data detected by the optical snow particle detection means 1 is “medium”, the determination data is B, that is, precipitation The form is snow, and the amount of precipitation (snowfall) is determined to be about 4 to 8 cm.

  The illustrated embodiment is merely a model example of the determination system of the present embodiment. For example, the determination table illustrated in FIG. 4 is roughly classified into “large, medium, small” and “AE”. However, a more detailed determination table may be set by increasing the number of cells.

  As described above, the amount of precipitation at each observation point (the location where the detection unit D is installed) and its precipitation form are sequentially determined from the data A and data B detected every moment by each detection unit D. The determination data of each detection unit D is analyzed, and the precipitation distribution in the predetermined determination control region and the teacher's mobile phone are analyzed and determined in real time by the data processing means (personal computer).

  In addition, it is possible to grasp the precipitation distribution in the judgment reference area and the temporal change of the precipitation form from the data of the past precipitation situation recorded every moment, and to calculate the future precipitation distribution and the precipitation in the predetermined judgment control area. The form is predicted by precipitation prediction means. It has. Specifically, precipitation prediction is made in real time by data analysis by a data processing means (personal computer).

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, an accurate determination can be made without causing a shift in the observation point due to a shift in the precipitation point of the precipitation particles unlike the radar echo. Further, the system can be realized at a relatively low cost with an existing detection device or a personal computer, and therefore, it is easy to provide a large number of measurement points in terms of cost.

  From the above, in this embodiment, for example, if the detection units D are installed densely, a surface meteorological observation network at the municipality level can be established, and the costs related to this can be reduced by efficiently carrying out snow removal and road surface management. Can be realized.

  In addition, it is possible to build a detailed observation network with dense observation points, and to easily build a highly accurate rainfall / snow forecasting system, and to realize a very convenient system that can use data in real time at the private level. It is.

  A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  It is a road surface freezing condition determination system provided with temperature measurement means in addition to the precipitation amount / precipitation form determination system according to the first embodiment.

  Specifically, the freezing condition of the road surface corresponding to the combination of the presence / absence or amount of snowfall determined by the precipitation / precipitation form determination system and the temperature data measured by the temperature measuring means is represented by the amount of snowfall. Predetermined road surface freezing condition determination criteria are set for each combination of data and temperature data, and at the time of determination, the road surface corresponding to the presence or absence of the detected snowfall amount or a combination of data and temperature data Road surface determination means for determining the frozen state with reference to the road surface frozen state determination criterion is provided.

  The air temperature measurement means is provided for each installation location where the detection unit D is installed, and the air temperature measurement means measures the air temperature for each ground at each measurement point.

  The temperature data measured by the temperature measuring means is transmitted to the data analyzing means (personal computer) by the data transmitting means and analyzed together with the precipitation status data.

  The road surface freezing condition determination criteria of the present embodiment are based on the road surface freezing condition determination table shown in FIG.

  The road surface freezing condition determination table shown in FIG. 5 is an area in which precipitation state data obtained by using the precipitation / precipitation form determination system of the first embodiment described above, specifically, snowfall amount data is arranged. And a region where the temperature data detected by the temperature determination means is arranged, and a region where the road surface freezing condition corresponding to each combination of both regions is arranged. By referring to the judgment data of the region corresponding to the combination of the snowfall data and the temperature data B, the judgment is made so that the judgment data of the road surface freezing condition corresponding to the snowfall condition and the temperature condition is obtained. Yes.

  FIG. 6 is a conventional road surface freezing condition determination table, in which the temperature conditions are finely subdivided, but since there are only two patterns for whether there is snowfall or not, the rough determination It can only be achieved.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, not only precipitation conditions but also temperature data is grasped in a time series and in a plane by the temperature measurement means, and the data is analyzed by the data analysis means in a plane or along a road. It is possible to judge and grasp the actual road surface freezing condition in real time, and to make it possible to easily predict the future road surface freezing condition based on these data.

  The present invention is not limited to the first and second embodiments, and the specific configuration of each component can be designed as appropriate.

It is a description perspective view which shows the detection unit D of the precipitation and precipitation form determination system which concerns on Example 1. FIG. It is an explanatory front sectional view of the electrostatic capacity type precipitation detection means 2 of the precipitation / precipitation form determination system according to the first embodiment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of how to use a precipitation / precipitation form determination system according to a first embodiment. It is a figure which shows the determination flow of the precipitation and precipitation form determination system which concerns on Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the road surface condition criteria of the road surface freezing condition determination system which concerns on Example 2. FIG. It is a figure which shows the conventional road surface freezing condition criteria.

Explanation of symbols

1 Optical snow particle detection means 2 Capacitance type precipitation detection means D Detection unit a Snow particles

Claims (6)

  Optical snow particle detection means that optically detects the presence or absence of snow particles in the atmosphere and the amount of moisture that contacts the measurement surface is measured as a change in capacitance to measure precipitation on this measurement surface. A measurement surface for detecting the presence or absence of snow particles detected by the optical snow particle detecting means using data A, the capacitance type precipitation detecting means. Presence of the amount of precipitation and the form of precipitation corresponding to the combination of data A and data B as the data B and the presence or absence of precipitation in the data B A reference is set, and at the time of determination, it corresponds to a combination of data A detected by the optical snow particle detecting means and data B detected by the capacitive precipitation detecting means. Precipitation and precipitation type decision system characterized by the amount of water and its precipitation forms with a determining means for determining with reference to the criteria.   Presence or absence of precipitation on the measurement surface is detected by the capacitance type precipitation detection means. If there is no precipitation, it is determined that there is no precipitation. If there is precipitation, the optical snow particle detection means is used. The presence or absence of snow particles is detected. If there is no snow particles, the precipitation form is determined to be rain, and the amount of precipitation is determined from the data B detected by the electrostatic capacity type precipitation detecting means. In the case where there is a raindrop, the amount of precipitation corresponding to the combination of the data A detected by the optical snow particle detecting means and the data B detected by the capacitive precipitation detecting means and the precipitation form are determined as the determination criteria. The precipitation / precipitation form determination system according to claim 1, wherein the determination means is configured to determine with reference to.   The optical snowfall detection means and the capacitive precipitation detection means are used as a set of detection units, and a plurality of detection units are installed in a predetermined judgment reference region, and the detections installed at the plurality of installation locations. Each of the installations determined by each of the determination means is provided with determination means for determining the amount of precipitation and its precipitation form at each installation location with reference to the determination criteria based on the data A and data B detected by the unit. Data collection judgment means is provided for judging the precipitation distribution and the precipitation form in the predetermined judgment control region in which the judgment data of the amount of precipitation at the location and the precipitation form are collected and a plurality of the detection units are installed. The precipitation / precipitation form determination system according to any one of claims 1 and 2.   The data A and data B are detected every moment by the plurality of detection units, and the precipitation distribution and the precipitation form in the predetermined judgment reference region based on the data A and data B detected every moment The precipitation / precipitation form determination system according to claim 3, wherein the data collection determination unit is configured to sequentially determine.   Based on the data A and data B detected every moment by the plurality of detection units, the precipitation distribution and the precipitation form in the predetermined determination control region are sequentially determined by the data collection determination means, and this sequential determination A precipitation prediction means for grasping the precipitation distribution in the judgment control area and the temporal change in the precipitation form from the judgment data obtained and predicting the future precipitation distribution and the precipitation form in the predetermined judgment control area. The precipitation / precipitation form determination system according to claim 4,   Presence / absence or amount of snowfall determined by the precipitation / precipitation form determination system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and temperature data measured by the temperature measurement means The road surface freezing condition corresponding to the combination of the snowfall amount data and the temperature data is set in advance for each combination of the snowfall amount data and the temperature data. A road surface freezing state determination system comprising road surface determination means for determining a road surface freezing state corresponding to a combination of various data and temperature data with reference to the road surface freezing state determination criterion.

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