JP2008114276A - Laser beam welding apparatus and laser beam welding method - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、レーザ溶接装置及びレーザ溶接方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a laser welding apparatus and a laser welding method.
従来、一のレーザ光を溶接対象物に対して相対的に走査することにより、かかる溶接対象物を溶接するレーザ溶接方法やレーザ溶接装置が知られている。なお、上記の方法は文献公知発明に係るものではないので、記載すべき先行技術文献情報はない。 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a laser welding method and a laser welding apparatus are known in which one laser beam is scanned relative to a welding object to weld the welding object. In addition, since said method is not based on literature well-known invention, there is no prior art document information which should be described.
従来のレーザ溶接方法やレーザ溶接装置を用いた場合、形成される溶接ビードにおいて、表面粗さが大きくなることがあった。溶接ビードの表面粗さが大きいと、外観を損なうばかりでなく、塗装が困難になる。これらの問題を回避する目的で、従来は溶接ビード部分の研磨を行っていたが、鉄道車両や航空機のように車体長（機体長）が長いものにおいては、溶接長が長いために研磨作業が極めて困難となっていた。また、ミクロな観点においても、表面粗さの増大は疲労強度の低下や応力集中につながるため、好ましくない。 When a conventional laser welding method or laser welding apparatus is used, the surface roughness may be increased in the formed weld bead. When the surface roughness of the weld bead is large, not only the appearance is impaired, but also painting becomes difficult. In order to avoid these problems, the weld bead portion has been polished in the past. However, in the case of a long vehicle body (machine body length) such as a railway vehicle or aircraft, the polishing work is long because the weld length is long. It was extremely difficult. Also from a microscopic viewpoint, an increase in surface roughness leads to a decrease in fatigue strength and stress concentration, which is not preferable.
そこで、溶接ビードの表面粗さを小さくすることが可能なレーザ溶接装置及びレーザ溶接方法を提供することを目的とする。 Then, it aims at providing the laser welding apparatus and laser welding method which can make the surface roughness of a welding bead small.
本発明のレーザ溶接装置は、溶接対象物に対してレーザ光を相対的に走査することにより、当該溶接対象物を溶接するレーザ溶接装置であって、入射したレーザ光を第１のレーザ光と第２のレーザ光とに分割する分割手段と、第１のレーザ光を溶接対象物に向けて出射する第１の出射手段と、第１のレーザ光が照射されることにより溶接対象物に生じた溶融池に向けて、第２のレーザ光を溶接対象物に向けて出射する第２の出射手段と、を備え、第２のレーザ光の光量は、第１のレーザ光の光量よりも小さいことを特徴とする。 The laser welding apparatus of the present invention is a laser welding apparatus for welding a welding target object by relatively scanning the laser beam with respect to the welding target object, and the incident laser light is converted into a first laser light. Splitting means for splitting into the second laser light, first emitting means for emitting the first laser light toward the welding object, and the welding object produced by the irradiation with the first laser light. And a second emitting means for emitting the second laser light toward the welding object toward the molten pool, and the amount of the second laser light is smaller than the amount of the first laser light. It is characterized by that.
本発明のレーザ溶接装置は、第１のレーザ光を溶接対象物に照射して溶融池を形成したのち、かかる溶融池に第２のレーザ光を照射する。第２のレーザ光を照射することにより、形成後固化しつつある（ただし完全には固化していない）溶融池を再溶融させることができる。第２のレーザ光の光量は第１のレーザ光の光量と比べて小さいので、溶融池のうち、比較的表面に近い部分のみを再溶融することが可能となる。したがって、深さ方向に影響を及ぼすことなく溶融池の表面性状を整えることができる。溶融池は、第２のレーザ光の照射後に固化が完了して溶接ビードとなる。本発明では、第１および第２のレーザ光を溶接対象物に対して相対的に走査することにより、溶融池の表面性状を連続的に整えることができる。その結果、表面粗さが小さい溶接ビードを形成することができる。 The laser welding apparatus of the present invention irradiates the welding object with the first laser beam to form a molten pool, and then irradiates the molten pool with the second laser beam. By irradiating the second laser beam, the molten pool that is solidifying after formation (but not completely solidified) can be remelted. Since the light amount of the second laser light is smaller than the light amount of the first laser light, it is possible to remelt only a portion of the molten pool that is relatively close to the surface. Therefore, the surface property of the molten pool can be adjusted without affecting the depth direction. The molten pool becomes a weld bead after solidification is completed after irradiation of the second laser beam. In the present invention, the surface properties of the molten pool can be continuously adjusted by scanning the first and second laser beams relative to the welding object. As a result, a weld bead having a small surface roughness can be formed.
また、本発明のレーザ溶接装置では、第２の出射手段は、第２のレーザ光の進行方向を変えるための反射手段を有するとともに、当該反射手段を介して第２のレーザ光を出射することが好ましい。 In the laser welding apparatus of the present invention, the second emitting means has a reflecting means for changing the traveling direction of the second laser light, and emits the second laser light through the reflecting means. Is preferred.
この場合、反射手段を動かすことによって、形成されて間もない溶融池に第２のレーザ光を照射することも、形成されて比較的時間が経った溶融池に第２のレーザ光を照射することも可能となる。形成されて間もない溶融池、すなわち固化がほとんど生じていない溶融池に第２のレーザ光を照射した場合には、かかる溶融池の表面をより滑らかに整えることができる。逆に、形成されて比較的時間が経った溶融池、すなわち固化がある程度進行している溶融池に第２のレーザ光を照射した場合には、溶融池表面のうち大きく隆起している部分を減らす程度に表面を整えることができる。このように、反射手段を動かすことにより溶接ビードの表面を所望の表面粗さに調節することが可能となる。 In this case, by moving the reflecting means, the second laser beam is irradiated to the molten pool that has just been formed, or the second laser beam is irradiated to the molten pool that has been formed for a relatively long time. It is also possible. When the second laser beam is irradiated to a molten pool that has just been formed, that is, a molten pool that has hardly solidified, the surface of the molten pool can be more smoothly arranged. On the contrary, when the second laser beam is irradiated to the molten pool that has been formed for a relatively long time, that is, the molten pool that has been solidified to some extent, The surface can be trimmed to the extent of reduction. In this way, it is possible to adjust the surface of the weld bead to a desired surface roughness by moving the reflecting means.
本発明のレーザ溶接工程は、溶接対象物に対してレーザ光を相対的に走査することにより、当該溶接対象物を溶接するレーザ溶接方法であって、第１のレーザ光を溶接対象物に照射する第１の照射工程と、第１のレーザ光の照射により溶接対象物に生じた溶融池に対して、第１のレーザ光よりも光量が小さい第２のレーザ光を照射する第２の照射工程と、を有し、第１及び第２のレーザ光は、一のレーザ光を分割してなるものであることを特徴とする。本発明のレーザ溶接方法によれば、先に述べたレーザ溶接装置を用いた場合と同様に、表面粗さが小さい溶接ビードを形成することができる。 The laser welding process of the present invention is a laser welding method for welding a welding object by relatively scanning the laser beam with respect to the welding object, and irradiates the welding object with the first laser beam. First irradiation step to be performed, and second irradiation for irradiating the molten pool generated in the welding object by irradiation of the first laser light with the second laser light having a light amount smaller than that of the first laser light. And the first and second laser beams are obtained by dividing one laser beam. According to the laser welding method of the present invention, a weld bead having a small surface roughness can be formed as in the case of using the laser welding apparatus described above.
また、本発明のレーザ溶接方法では、第２の照射工程では、第２のレーザ光を可変の反射鏡で反射させることにより、第２のレーザ光の照射方向を変化させることが好ましい。この場合、溶接ビードの表面を所望の表面粗さに調節することが可能となる。 In the laser welding method of the present invention, in the second irradiation step, it is preferable to change the irradiation direction of the second laser light by reflecting the second laser light with a variable reflecting mirror. In this case, the surface of the weld bead can be adjusted to a desired surface roughness.
本発明によれば、溶接ビードの表面粗さを小さくすることが可能なレーザ溶接装置及びレーザ溶接方法を提供することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the laser welding apparatus and laser welding method which can make the surface roughness of a welding bead small can be provided.
以下、添付図面を参照して、本発明の好適な実施形態について詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
本実施形態に係るレーザ溶接装置は、溶接対象物に対してレーザ光を相対的に走査することにより、当該溶接対象物Ｗを連続的に溶接する装置である。レーザ光の走査は、二枚の溶接対象物Ｗの端面が突き合わされてなる直線状の接合予定線ＳＳに沿って行われる。 The laser welding apparatus according to this embodiment is an apparatus that continuously welds the welding object W by scanning the laser beam relative to the welding object. The scanning of the laser beam is performed along a linear joining planned line SS formed by abutting the end surfaces of the two welding objects W.
図１は、本実施形態に係るレーザ溶接装置が備える加工ヘッドの構成を示す図である。本実施形態に係るレーザ溶接装置は、加工ヘッド１と移動手段（図示せず）とを備えている。移動手段は、加工ヘッド１を接合予定線ＳＳに沿って移動させる部分である。この移動手段によって、加工ヘッド１は矢印Ａで示す方向に移動する。加工ヘッド１は、レーザ発振部２と、ビームスプリッタ（分割手段）４と、第１の出射部（第１の出射手段）６と、第２の出射部（第２の出射手段）８とを有している。 FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a machining head included in the laser welding apparatus according to the present embodiment. The laser welding apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a processing head 1 and a moving means (not shown). The moving means is a part that moves the machining head 1 along the planned joining line SS. By this moving means, the machining head 1 moves in the direction indicated by the arrow A. The processing head 1 includes a laser oscillation unit 2, a beam splitter (dividing unit) 4, a first emission unit (first emission unit) 6, and a second emission unit (second emission unit) 8. Have.
レーザ発振部２は、レーザ光Ｌを発生する部分である。本実施形態では、レーザ発振部２は、波長が３５５ｎｍ〜１０６０ｎｍ、出力が１〜５ｋＷのレーザ光Ｌを発生する。レーザ発振部２にて発生したレーザ光Ｌは、ビームスプリッタ４に入射される。 The laser oscillation unit 2 is a part that generates laser light L. In the present embodiment, the laser oscillation unit 2 generates laser light L having a wavelength of 355 nm to 1060 nm and an output of 1 to 5 kW. The laser beam L generated by the laser oscillation unit 2 is incident on the beam splitter 4.
ビームスプリッタ４は、レーザ光Ｌを第１のレーザ光Ｌ１と第２のレーザ光Ｌ２とに分割する部分である。ビームスプリッタ４は、レーザ光Ｌの一部を透過させ残部を反射させることで該レーザ光Ｌを２分割する。このとき、ビームスプリッタ４を透過した光が第１のレーザ光Ｌ１となり、ビームスプリッタ４により反射された光が第２のレーザ光Ｌ２となる。ビームスプリッタ４においては、透過率が反射率よりも大きくなっている。このように透過率が反射率よりも大きいビームスプリッタ４を用いることで、第２のレーザ光Ｌ２の光量を第１のレーザ光Ｌ１の光量よりも小さくすることができる。なお、ビームスプリッタ４としては、透過率が約５５％〜７５％であり反射率が約４５％〜２５％のものを用いることができるが、透過率が約６０％であり反射率が約４０％のものを用いることがより好ましい。 The beam splitter 4 is a part that divides the laser beam L into a first laser beam L1 and a second laser beam L2. The beam splitter 4 divides the laser light L into two parts by transmitting a part of the laser light L and reflecting the remaining part. At this time, the light transmitted through the beam splitter 4 becomes the first laser light L1, and the light reflected by the beam splitter 4 becomes the second laser light L2. In the beam splitter 4, the transmittance is larger than the reflectance. As described above, by using the beam splitter 4 whose transmittance is higher than the reflectance, the light amount of the second laser light L2 can be made smaller than the light amount of the first laser light L1. As the beam splitter 4, a beam splitter having a transmittance of about 55% to 75% and a reflectance of about 45% to 25% can be used, but the transmittance is about 60% and the reflectance is about 40%. % Is more preferable.
第１の出射部６は、第１のレーザ光Ｌ１を溶接対象物Ｗに向けて出射する部分である。第１の出射部６は、第１のレーザ光Ｌ１を集光する集光レンズ１０を有している。集光レンズ１０によって集光された第１のレーザ光Ｌ１は、加工ヘッド１に設けられた第１の出射孔（図示せず）から出射される。第１の出射孔は、第２のレーザ光Ｌ２を出射する第２の出射孔（図示せず）よりも、矢印Ａで示す溶接方向の前方位置に配置されている。 The first emission part 6 is a part that emits the first laser beam L1 toward the welding object W. The first emitting unit 6 includes a condenser lens 10 that condenses the first laser light L1. The first laser light L1 condensed by the condenser lens 10 is emitted from a first emission hole (not shown) provided in the processing head 1. The first emission hole is disposed at a position in the front of the welding direction indicated by arrow A with respect to the second emission hole (not shown) that emits the second laser beam L2.
第２の出射部８は、第２のレーザ光Ｌ２を溶接対象物Ｗに向けて出射する部分であって、反射鏡（反射手段）１２と集光レンズ１４と有している。反射鏡１２は、第２のレーザ光Ｌ２の進行方向を変えるためのものである。反射鏡１２は、ビームスプリッタ４により分割された第２のレーザ光Ｌ２を反射して、当該第２のレーザ光Ｌ２を溶接対象物Ｗの溶融池Ｍに導く。反射鏡１２は可変となっており、反射鏡１２の向きを変えることによって第２のレーザ光Ｌ２の進行方向を調節することができる。より具体的には、反射鏡１２の向きを変えることで、第２のレーザ光Ｌ２の進行方向と溶接対象物Ｗの主面の法線Ｎとがなす角度θを０度〜４５度の範囲で調整することができる。角度θが大きくなるほど、溶接対象物Ｗにおける第１のレーザ光Ｌ１の照射点Ｐ1と第２のレーザ光Ｌ２の照射点Ｐ２との距離が短くなる。したがって、加工ヘッド１が矢印Ａで示す溶接方向に移動しているときには、第１のレーザ光Ｌ１が照射されてから、当該照射位置に第２のレーザ光Ｌ２が照射されるまでの時間が短くなる。 The second emitting portion 8 is a portion that emits the second laser beam L2 toward the welding object W, and includes a reflecting mirror (reflecting means) 12 and a condenser lens 14. The reflecting mirror 12 is for changing the traveling direction of the second laser light L2. The reflecting mirror 12 reflects the second laser light L2 divided by the beam splitter 4 and guides the second laser light L2 to the molten pool M of the welding object W. The reflecting mirror 12 is variable, and the traveling direction of the second laser light L2 can be adjusted by changing the direction of the reflecting mirror 12. More specifically, by changing the direction of the reflecting mirror 12, the angle θ formed by the traveling direction of the second laser light L2 and the normal line N of the main surface of the welding object W is in the range of 0 to 45 degrees. Can be adjusted. Angle θ becomes larger, the distance between the irradiation point P 1 of the first laser beam L1 in the welding object W and the irradiation point P 2 of the second laser beam L2 is shortened. Therefore, when the machining head 1 is moving in the welding direction indicated by the arrow A, the time from when the first laser beam L1 is irradiated to when the second laser beam L2 is irradiated to the irradiation position is short. Become.
集光レンズ１４は、反射鏡１２により反射された第２のレーザ光Ｌ２を集光する。集光レンズ１４によって集光された第２のレーザ光Ｌ２は、加工ヘッド１に設けられた第２の出射孔（図示せず）から出射されて、溶接対象物Ｗの溶融池Ｍに照射される。 The condensing lens 14 condenses the second laser light L2 reflected by the reflecting mirror 12. The second laser light L2 condensed by the condenser lens 14 is emitted from a second emission hole (not shown) provided in the machining head 1 and irradiated to the molten pool M of the welding object W. The
このような構成を有するレーザ溶接装置を用いたレーザ溶接方法について説明する。レーザ溶接を行うにあたって、溶接対象物Ｗをセットする。このとき、加工ヘッド１の第１の出射孔（図示せず）の直下に溶接対象物Ｗの接合予定線ＳＳの端部が位置するようにする。溶接対象物Ｗをセットした後、加工ヘッド１における反射鏡１２の位置を調整する。反射鏡１２の位置調整については、のちに詳しく述べる。なお、反射鏡１２の位置調整は溶接対象物Ｗをセットする前でもよい。 A laser welding method using the laser welding apparatus having such a configuration will be described. In performing laser welding, the welding object W is set. At this time, the end portion of the planned joining line SS of the welding object W is positioned directly below the first emission hole (not shown) of the machining head 1. After setting the welding object W, the position of the reflecting mirror 12 in the machining head 1 is adjusted. The position adjustment of the reflecting mirror 12 will be described in detail later. The position of the reflecting mirror 12 may be adjusted before the welding object W is set.
溶接対象物Ｗのセットおよび反射鏡１２の位置調整が完了したら、第１の出射孔から第１のレーザ光Ｌ１を出射する。これにより、接合予定線ＳＳ上に第１のレーザ光Ｌ１が照射されて、溶融池Ｍが形成される。第１のレーザ光Ｌ１を照射する際には、第１のレーザ光Ｌ１と共にシールドガスを噴射する。シールドガスを噴射することにより、溶融池Ｍの周囲に酸化防止雰囲気を形成することができ、その結果、溶接対象物Ｗの過度な酸化・燃焼及び焼け焦げ等を防止できる。 When the setting of the welding object W and the position adjustment of the reflecting mirror 12 are completed, the first laser beam L1 is emitted from the first emission hole. Thereby, the 1st laser beam L1 is irradiated on the joining plan line SS, and the molten pool M is formed. When irradiating the first laser light L1, a shielding gas is injected together with the first laser light L1. By injecting the shielding gas, an oxidation preventing atmosphere can be formed around the molten pool M, and as a result, excessive oxidation / combustion and scorching of the welding object W can be prevented.
続いて、図示しない移動手段によって加工ヘッド１を矢印Ａ方向に移動させる。加工ヘッド１が移動すると、第１のレーザ光Ｌ１が照射された位置に第２のレーザ光Ｌ２が照射される。第１のレーザ光Ｌ１が照射された位置には溶融池Ｍが形成されているが、かかる溶融池Ｍでは、第１のレーザ光Ｌ１が照射されてから第２のレーザ光Ｌ２が照射されるまでの間に固化が進行している。固化が進行しつつある溶融池Ｍに第２のレーザ光Ｌ２を照射することにより、溶融池の表面を再度溶融することができる。その結果、溶融池Ｍの表面性状を変化させて整えることができる。先述したように、第１および第２のレーザ光Ｌ１，Ｌ２はレーザ光Ｌをビームスプリッタ４で２分割したものであり、第２のレーザ光Ｌ２は第１のレーザ光Ｌ１よりも光量が小さくなっている。したがって、第２のレーザ光Ｌ２が入射するのは溶融池Ｍの比較的表面に近い領域のみであり、第２のレーザ光Ｌ２によって溶融池Ｍの深さ（溶込み深さ）が変化することはない。このように第１および第２のレーザ光Ｌ１，Ｌ２を接合予定線ＳＳに照射しながら、加工ヘッド１を矢印Ａ方向に徐々に移動させていく。これにより、溶融池が連続してなる溶接ビードが接合予定線ＳＳ上に形成され、溶接対象物Ｗ同士が溶接されることとなる。 Subsequently, the machining head 1 is moved in the direction of arrow A by a moving means (not shown). When the processing head 1 moves, the second laser beam L2 is irradiated to the position irradiated with the first laser beam L1. A molten pool M is formed at the position irradiated with the first laser beam L1, and the molten pool M is irradiated with the second laser beam L2 after being irradiated with the first laser beam L1. Solidification is in progress until By irradiating the molten pool M, which is solidifying, with the second laser beam L2, the surface of the molten pool can be melted again. As a result, the surface property of the molten pool M can be changed and adjusted. As described above, the first and second laser beams L1 and L2 are obtained by dividing the laser beam L into two by the beam splitter 4, and the second laser beam L2 has a light amount smaller than that of the first laser beam L1. It has become. Therefore, the second laser beam L2 is incident only in a region relatively close to the surface of the molten pool M, and the depth (penetration depth) of the molten pool M is changed by the second laser beam L2. There is no. In this way, the processing head 1 is gradually moved in the direction of arrow A while irradiating the planned joining line SS with the first and second laser beams L1 and L2. Thereby, the welding bead which a molten pool becomes continuous is formed on joining joining line SS, and the welding objects W will be welded.
ここで、反射鏡１２の位置調整について説明する。第２のレーザ光Ｌ２と溶接対象物Ｗの主面の法線Ｎとがなす角度θが０度となるように反射鏡１２を調整した場合、第２のレーザ光Ｌ２の照射点Ｐ２が第１のレーザ光Ｌ１の照射点Ｐ1に対して比較的遠くなる。そのため、第１のレーザ光Ｌ１が照射されてから第２のレーザ光Ｌ２が照射されるまでの時間が長くなる。かかる時間の長さに応じて溶融池Ｍの温度が低下し固化が進むので、第２のレーザ光Ｌ２はだいぶ固化が進行した溶融池Ｍに対して照射されることとなる。固化が進んでいるため、第２のレーザ光Ｌ２の照射により再溶融されるのは、溶融池Ｍ表面の一部、より具体的にいうと大きく隆起した部分のみとなる。したがって、溶融池Ｍ表面、ひいては溶接ビード表面を、高低差が緩和された程度の滑らかさとすることができる。 Here, the position adjustment of the reflecting mirror 12 will be described. When the reflecting mirror 12 is adjusted so that the angle θ formed by the second laser beam L2 and the normal line N of the main surface of the welding target W is 0 degree, the irradiation point P2 of the second laser beam L2 is It is relatively far from the irradiation point P 1 of the first laser beam L1. Therefore, the time from when the first laser beam L1 is irradiated to when the second laser beam L2 is irradiated becomes longer. Since the temperature of the molten pool M falls and solidification proceeds according to the length of time, the second laser beam L2 is irradiated to the molten pool M that has been solidified considerably. Since solidification has progressed, only a part of the surface of the molten pool M, more specifically, a part that is greatly raised, is remelted by irradiation with the second laser light L2. Therefore, the surface of the molten pool M, and hence the weld bead surface, can be made smooth enough to reduce the height difference.
一方、第２のレーザ光Ｌ２と溶接対象物Ｗの主面の法線Ｎとがなす角度θが４５度となるように反射鏡１２を調整した場合、第２のレーザ光Ｌ２の照射点Ｐ２が第１のレーザ光Ｌ１の照射点Ｐ1に対して比較的近くなる。よって、第１のレーザ光Ｌ１が照射されてから第２のレーザ光Ｌ２が照射されるまでの時間が短くなるため、固化がほとんど進んでいない溶融池Ｍに対して第２のレーザ光Ｌ２を照射することとなる。したがって、溶融池Ｍ表面の隆起や段差は、その多くが第２のレーザ光Ｌ２の照射により均されることとなる。その結果、溶融池Ｍ表面、ひいては溶接ビード表面をより滑らかなものとすることができる。 On the other hand, when the reflecting mirror 12 is adjusted so that the angle θ formed by the second laser beam L2 and the normal line N of the main surface of the welding target W is 45 degrees, the irradiation point P of the second laser beam L2 2 is relatively close to the irradiation point P 1 of the first laser beam L1. Therefore, since the time from the irradiation of the first laser beam L1 to the irradiation of the second laser beam L2 is shortened, the second laser beam L2 is applied to the molten pool M that is hardly solidified. Irradiation will occur. Therefore, most of the bulges and steps on the surface of the molten pool M are leveled by irradiation with the second laser beam L2. As a result, the surface of the molten pool M and the surface of the weld bead can be made smoother.
このように、反射鏡１２を調整することによって第２のレーザ光の照射方向を自在に変えることができ、その結果、溶接ビードの表面を所望の表面粗さに調節することが可能となる。 Thus, the irradiation direction of the second laser light can be freely changed by adjusting the reflecting mirror 12, and as a result, the surface of the weld bead can be adjusted to a desired surface roughness.
以上説明したように、本実施形態のレーザ溶接装置およびレーザ溶接方法を用いれば、表面粗さが小さい溶接ビードを形成することができる。よって、従来行っていた溶接ビードの研磨作業が不要となるため、車体長（機体長）が長い鉄道車両や航空機に溶接加工を施す際には非常に有用なものとなる。 As described above, if the laser welding apparatus and the laser welding method of this embodiment are used, a weld bead having a small surface roughness can be formed. Therefore, since the conventional polishing work of the weld bead is not required, it is very useful when welding a railway vehicle or aircraft having a long vehicle body length (machine body length).
また、第１のレーザ光Ｌ１を照射した後に溶融池Ｍを見ると、溶融金属の飛散物が溶融池Ｍの上に堆積していることがある。本実施形態のレーザ溶接装置では、第２のレーザ光Ｌ２を照射することによって、溶融池Ｍ上に堆積した溶融金属の飛散物も溶融池Ｍと共に再溶融することができる。そのため、溶接ビード表面における細かい凹凸も減らすことが可能となる。 Moreover, when the molten pool M is seen after irradiating the 1st laser beam L1, the scattered material of a molten metal may accumulate on the molten pool M. FIG. In the laser welding apparatus of this embodiment, the scattered metal scattered on the molten pool M can be remelted together with the molten pool M by irradiating the second laser beam L2. Therefore, it is possible to reduce fine irregularities on the surface of the weld bead.
また、本実施形態のレーザ溶接装置では、ビームスプリッタ４を用いることにより、溶融池を形成する第１のレーザ光Ｌ１と、表面を整える第２のレーザ光Ｌ２とを同時に取得している。第１および第２のレーザ光Ｌ１，Ｌ２が同時に得られるからこそ、第１および第２のレーザ光Ｌ１，Ｌ２を同時に照射することができ、溶接加工と溶融池表面の整形とを同時に行うことができる。これにより、表面粗さが小さい溶接ビードをワンパスで形成することが可能となり、製造にかかる時間を顕著に短縮することができる。さらにビームスプリッタ４を用いることにより、第１のレーザ光Ｌ１と第２のレーザ光Ｌ２とでレーザ発振部２を別個に用意する必要がないため、装置を安価なものとすることができる。 Moreover, in the laser welding apparatus of this embodiment, by using the beam splitter 4, the 1st laser beam L1 which forms a molten pool, and the 2nd laser beam L2 which prepares the surface are acquired simultaneously. Because the first and second laser beams L1 and L2 can be obtained at the same time, the first and second laser beams L1 and L2 can be irradiated simultaneously, and welding processing and shaping of the molten pool surface can be performed simultaneously. Can do. As a result, it is possible to form a weld bead with a small surface roughness by one pass, and the time required for manufacturing can be significantly shortened. Further, by using the beam splitter 4, it is not necessary to prepare the laser oscillation unit 2 separately for the first laser light L1 and the second laser light L2, and thus the apparatus can be made inexpensive.
次に、本実施形態に係るレーザ溶接装置を用いた場合の効果を確認するため、以下の実験を行った。 Next, in order to confirm the effect when the laser welding apparatus according to this embodiment is used, the following experiment was performed.
すなわち、本発明者らは、従来のレーザ溶接装置によって形成された溶接ビードと、本実施形態に係るレーザ溶接装置によって形成された溶接ビードとについて、表面粗さを比較する実験を行った。従来のレーザ溶接装置とは、一のレーザ光を溶接対象物Ｗの接合予定線ＳＳに沿って照射することにより溶接対象物同士をワンパス溶接する装置である。このような従来のレーザ溶接装置と本実施形態に係るレーザ溶接装置とを用いて、ステンレス製のワークをそれぞれ溶接した。そして、形成された溶接ビードについて、算術表面粗さＲａ、最大高さＲｙ、および十点平均粗さＲｚ（算術表面粗さＲａ、最大高さＲｙ、十点平均粗さＲｚともJIS B0601-1994に規定）を測定した。その結果を図２に示す。また、従来のレーザ溶接装置で得られる溶接ビードの上面写真を図３（ａ）に、本実施形態に係るレーザ溶接装置で得られる溶接ビードの上面写真を図３（ｂ）に示す。 That is, the present inventors conducted an experiment to compare the surface roughness of a weld bead formed by a conventional laser welding apparatus and a weld bead formed by the laser welding apparatus according to the present embodiment. The conventional laser welding apparatus is an apparatus for performing one-pass welding between welding objects by irradiating one laser beam along a planned joining line SS of the welding object W. Using such a conventional laser welding apparatus and the laser welding apparatus according to the present embodiment, stainless steel workpieces were respectively welded. For the formed weld bead, the arithmetic surface roughness Ra, the maximum height Ry, and the ten-point average roughness Rz (the arithmetic surface roughness Ra, the maximum height Ry, and the ten-point average roughness Rz are both JIS B0601-1994. Stipulated). The result is shown in FIG. Further, FIG. 3A shows a top view photograph of a weld bead obtained with a conventional laser welding apparatus, and FIG. 3B shows a top view photograph of a weld bead obtained with the laser welding apparatus according to the present embodiment.
図２に示される比較例１は、従来のレーザ溶接装置を用いた場合の結果である。図２に示される実施例１は、本実施形態に係るレーザ溶接装置を用いた場合の結果である。従来のレーザ溶接装置を用いた場合、溶接ビードの算術表面粗さＲａは２．５μｍ、最大高さＲｙは１９．５μｍ、十点平均粗さＲｚは１５．０μｍであった。これに対して、本実施形態に係るレーザ溶接装置を用いた場合、溶接ビードの算術表面粗さＲａは１．８μｍ、最大高さＲｙは１２．５μｍ、十点平均粗さＲｚは６．５μｍであった。このように、算術表面粗さＲａ、最大高さＲｙ、および十点平均粗さＲｚのいずれにおいても、従来のレーザ溶接装置を用いた場合と比べて良好な値が得られた。また、図３に示される写真からも、本実施形態に係るレーザ溶接装置で得られる溶接ビードでは、従来のレーザ溶接装置で得られるものと比べて凹凸が非常に少なくなっていることがわかる。 The comparative example 1 shown by FIG. 2 is a result at the time of using the conventional laser welding apparatus. Example 1 shown in FIG. 2 is a result when the laser welding apparatus according to the present embodiment is used. When the conventional laser welding apparatus was used, the arithmetic surface roughness Ra of the weld bead was 2.5 μm, the maximum height Ry was 19.5 μm, and the ten-point average roughness Rz was 15.0 μm. In contrast, when the laser welding apparatus according to this embodiment is used, the arithmetic surface roughness Ra of the weld bead is 1.8 μm, the maximum height Ry is 12.5 μm, and the ten-point average roughness Rz is 6.5 μm. Met. Thus, in any of arithmetic surface roughness Ra, maximum height Ry, and ten-point average roughness Rz, good values were obtained as compared with the case where a conventional laser welding apparatus was used. Moreover, it can be seen from the photograph shown in FIG. 3 that the unevenness of the weld bead obtained by the laser welding apparatus according to the present embodiment is much smaller than that obtained by the conventional laser welding apparatus.
以上の実験結果からも、本実施形態に係るレーザ溶接装置を用いた場合には表面粗さが小さい溶接ビードを得られることが確認された。 From the above experimental results, it was confirmed that a weld bead having a small surface roughness can be obtained when the laser welding apparatus according to the present embodiment is used.
なお、本発明は上記した実施形態に限定されることなく、種々の変形が可能である。 The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made.
例えば、本実施形態では、第１のレーザ光Ｌ１を照射する際にシールドガスを噴射するとしたが、第２のレーザ光Ｌ２の照射時にもシールドガスを噴射するとしてもよい。 For example, in the present embodiment, the shielding gas is injected when the first laser light L1 is irradiated. However, the shielding gas may be injected also when the second laser light L2 is irradiated.
また、本実施形態のレーザ溶接装置を、いわゆる突合せ溶接に用いた場合について説明したが、重ね溶接やその他種々の溶接に用いることができるのはもちろんである。 Moreover, although the case where the laser welding apparatus of this embodiment was used for what is called butt welding was demonstrated, it cannot be overemphasized that it can be used for lap welding and other various welding.
１…加工ヘッド、４…ビームスプリッタ、６…第１の出射部、８…第２の出射部、１０，１４…集光レンズ、１２…反射鏡、Ｌ１…第１のレーザ光、Ｌ２…第２のレーザ光、Ｍ…溶融池、Ｗ…溶接対象物。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Processing head, 4 ... Beam splitter, 6 ... 1st light emission part, 8 ... 2nd light emission part, 10, 14 ... Condensing lens, 12 ... Reflector, L1 ... 1st laser beam, L2 ... 1st 2 laser beam, M ... molten pool, W ... welding object.
Claims (4)
入射したレーザ光を第１のレーザ光と第２のレーザ光とに分割する分割手段と、
前記第１のレーザ光を前記溶接対象物に向けて出射する第１の出射手段と、
前記第１のレーザ光が照射されることにより前記溶接対象物に生じた溶融池に向けて、前記第２のレーザ光を前記溶接対象物に向けて出射する第２の出射手段と、
を備え、
前記第２のレーザ光の光量は、前記第１のレーザ光の光量よりも小さいことを特徴とするレーザ溶接装置。 A laser welding apparatus for welding a welding object by scanning the laser beam relative to the welding object,
Splitting means for splitting the incident laser beam into a first laser beam and a second laser beam;
First emitting means for emitting the first laser light toward the welding object;
A second emitting means for emitting the second laser light toward the welding object toward the molten pool generated in the welding object by being irradiated with the first laser light;
With
The laser welding apparatus, wherein the light quantity of the second laser light is smaller than the light quantity of the first laser light.
前記第１のレーザ光を前記溶接対象物に照射する第１の照射工程と、
前記第１のレーザ光の照射により前記溶接対象物に生じた溶融池に対して、前記第１のレーザ光よりも光量が小さい前記第２のレーザ光を照射する第２の照射工程と、
を有し、
前記第１及び第２のレーザ光は、一のレーザ光を分割してなるものであることを特徴とするレーザ溶接方法。 A laser welding method for welding a welding object by scanning a laser beam relative to the welding object,
A first irradiation step of irradiating the welding object with the first laser beam;
A second irradiation step of irradiating the second laser beam having a light amount smaller than that of the first laser beam on the weld pool generated in the welding object by the irradiation of the first laser beam;
Have
The laser welding method, wherein the first and second laser beams are obtained by dividing one laser beam.
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