JP2008093483A - System of hysteroscopic insemination of mares - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of producing a mammal through artificial insemination and to attain low spermatozoa numbers for insemination and the production of a mammal through the use of hysteroscopic insemination techniques. <P>SOLUTION: The method provides fresh or preserved sperm, treated or processed sperm, sperm inserted under a surface in the vicinity of the uterotubal junction, hysteroscopic compatible media for the establishment of the insemination sample, hysteroscopic compatible volume for insemination, epididymal use of the hysteroscopic technique, bubble or froth insemination utilized in hysteroscopic insemination, and for sorted and frozen sperm utilized in hysteroscopic insemination. The method produces a mammal species, particularly equids, bovids and swine. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  This application claims the benefit of US Provisional Application No. 60 / 238,294 (incorporated herein by reference) and any applicable priority.

(Technical field)
The present invention relates generally to the field of mammalian insemination. Specifically, the present invention relates to a system for achieving insemination that may be particularly applicable once sperm are processed or processed in some manner (eg, sperm sorting via flow cytometry). More specifically, the present invention may relate to a system for achieving insemination using a lower number of sperm compared to conventional artificial insemination via hysteroscopic insemination techniques. The present invention may be particularly applicable to systems for insemination of horses, cows and pigs. Furthermore, the present invention may be particularly applicable to sex selection of mammalian offspring.

(background)
Various forms of artificial insemination (AI) have been used to achieve successful rates of pregnancy in mammals and produce offspring mammals. Traditional forms of AI include various in vivo techniques, such as conventional in utero artificial insemination techniques, or more specifically, femoral neck insemination. The dose of natural insemination can typically be large. For example, in some species, natural insemination may include a sperm count on the order of 2-20 × 10 ⁹ sperm. In contrast, conventional AI techniques in the same species may require sperm counts on the order of 200-500 × 10 ⁶ sperm. This can also be considered to be a large number of sperm (especially if the sperm are processed in some manner). Other insemination techniques to address the development of mating techniques that can yield lower sperm counts for subsequent insemination, taking into account the traditional requirements for high numbers of sperm to achieve an acceptable number of pregnancies Was requested. Low-dose insemination is specifically discussed in PCT publication WO 99/33956, entitled “Sex-Specific Insulation of Mammas With Low Number of Sperm Cells”. Hysteroscopic insemination has been proposed and, to some extent, discussed in Morris et al., 2000 (incorporated herein by reference).

  All references mentioned in this application, including additional references not mentioned, are listed at the end of this discussion, all of which should be considered incorporated by reference. Should be noted in advance.

  Fast sperm sorting using flow cytometry has been successfully used as a mating technique to produce offspring mammals in mammals (eg, horses, cows, sheep, rabbits, pigs and humans). This can also potentially be used for some other species. Techniques have been developed to enhance or modify mammalian pregnancy and the resulting offspring mammals, particularly with respect to sperm processing and insemination techniques.

One potential limiting factor in optimizing the success of artificial insemination may be insemination with a low number of sperm, as recognized in Pickett et al., 1989. Pickett et al. Recognized that the potential minimum recommended dose for conventional artificial insemination in female horses could be fertile and motile spermatozoa as high as 500 × 10 ⁶ . In some sperm sorting techniques, using a low sorting rate of about 700 sperm per second, it can take several days to obtain a recommended dose of sperm for artificial insemination. This is not only impractical, but sperm viability can also be significantly reduced. Therefore, low dose insemination techniques may be desirable to those skilled in the art to potentially reduce the number of sperm required for acceptable fertilization rates.

  Moreover, doses that may be considered low doses for insemination typically may not produce an acceptable fertilization rate. Fertilization rate can be considered acceptable or statistically comparable, for example, if it can be achieved beyond the sample size, a high range or percentage of fertilization rate obtained from conventional AI. Thus, low dose insemination techniques may be desirable to those skilled in the art to potentially reduce the number of sperm required to maximize fertilization.

A further concern with artificial insemination, whether considering low dose insemination or to generally improve IA fertilization rates, is the efficiency of the procedure as a whole with respect to the number of pregnancies obtained. A number of procedural steps can be used in a conventional AI procedure, which includes, for example, synchronization of the estrous phase when mating female horses; preparation of insemination doses, more specifically dilution of sperm (Kenny et al., 1975) and use of extenders for resuspension (eg, using Tyrode media buffered with TALP or HEPES), centrifuge the sample through a density gradient or viscosity gradient (such as using PERCOLL) ); Assessment of viability or motility; and details of the insemination procedure. Insemination procedures have historically included techniques guided by ultrasound and rectum. Hysteroscopic insemination of female horses has also been performed as described in the references of Vasquez et al., 1998 and Manning et al., 1998. However, only limited success has been demonstrated in the use of the above procedure in conventional AI and the procedure of Vasquez et al. And Manning et al. In particular, none of the references can produce a fertility rate that is statistically comparable to conventional AI. In particular, the references of Vasquez et al. And Manning et al. Can demonstrate a conception rate of 33% of 3.8 × 10 ⁶ sperm and 22% of 1.0 × 10 ⁶ sperm, respectively. Can be considered a conception rate that is incomparable to conventional AI for the species involved. Despite considerable previous attempts to produce an efficient procedure for AI, to date, it has long been felt but unsatisfied with an efficient procedure for mammalian hysteroscopic insemination There is a need in mating technology. Furthermore, given the traditional requirement for high numbers of sperm to achieve an acceptable number of viable sperm as described above, there is a need for efficient, low-dose hysteroscopic insemination. In the current mating technology, existed to date.

In addition, insemination into the deep uterus of pigs has been performed as described in Vasquez et al., 2000 reference. However, insemination was performed with numbers that could be considered high numbers of sperm, on the order of 20 × 10 ⁷ spermatozoa. However, Vasquez et al., 2000, have long felt but unmet need for insemination procedures to address mating techniques that utilize lower sperm numbers for insemination (eg, from current sperm sorting techniques Can be confirmed).

  Thus, as can be demonstrated from the references of Vasquez et al., 1998, Vasquez et al., 2000, and Manning et al., 1998, one skilled in the art will appreciate that high fertilization rates in mammals and high production of mammals resulting in low insemination administration It may not have addressed the identified need to provide insemination techniques that potentially result in high fertility rates in volume, as well as insemination techniques to address efficacy issues, particularly with respect to hysteroscopic insemination techniques.

  One important procedural step for an insemination procedure is generally the establishment of an insemination dose containing the desired number of viable motile sperm to potentially provide a higher fertilization rate. Procedures for the selection of motile spermatozoa, for example with respect to conventional AI in the reference Groendahl et al., 1996, and generally in hysteroscopic insemination, eg PERCOLL (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO) alone. It can be carried out by establishing density gradients or viscosity gradients, either in combination or in combination with other substances. However, to date, considerable efforts to fractionate viable or motile sperm have been focused on insemination techniques that potentially provide high fertilization rates, high fertility rates for low insemination doses, and in particular hysteroscopic insemination techniques. In particular, it did not address the identified need for insemination techniques to address effectiveness issues.

  A second potential problem with insemination procedures generally includes the desired number of viable motility sperm to potentially provide a higher fertilization rate without special motility testing as described above. Establish insemination dose. The introduction of a density gradient or viscosity gradient can introduce stress into the sperm, which can actually reduce the actual number of viable motile sperm available from a particular sample. To date, considerable efforts to fractionate viable or motile spermatozoa have been a matter of effectiveness with high fertilization rates, fertilization techniques that provide high fertilization rates for low insemination doses, and especially hysteroscopic insemination techniques. We did not specifically address the identified need for insemination techniques. In fact, previous attempts to incorporate density gradients or viscosity gradients due to the possibility of reducing the total number of viable or motile spermatozoa from a particular insemination sample actually book that provides insemination techniques The teachings of the invention (which may require less effort to obtain a viable low dose insemination sample) may teach the opposite.

  A third potential problem with insemination procedures is generally the establishment of a capacity that is compatible with a particular insemination technique. As noted above, one recognized need is the desire to potentially provide higher fertilization rates. A second recognized need (also above) is the ability to use a low number of sperm to potentially achieve a high fertilization rate. The insemination dose can be determined by the specific insemination technique. However, this dose may contain the desired number of sperm to potentially provide a higher rate of fertilization. To establish an appropriate fertilization technique that allows an appropriate number of spermatozoa (considering the potential capacity requirements of the fertilization technique) to potentially provide an acceptable fertilization rate, Efforts have been made. However, as the fertilization rates reported in Vasquez et al. And Manning et al. Can demonstrate, determining the fertilization dose compatible with a particular insemination technique to potentially further provide a higher rate of fertilization is Hysteroscopic insemination is not potentially established.

  Moreover, as previously mentioned, sperm samples can be processed prior to the insemination procedure. For example, conventional AI may provide for the use of extenders for sperm dilution (Kenny et al., 1975) and resuspension. However, the particular medium used may not be compatible with the insemination procedure itself. Incompatibility of the sample medium can result in lower sperm or dose deposits, or lower fertilization rates. Furthermore, the mode or form of deposited fertilization dose, or the particular method of deposition during AI, can further affect the number of deposited sperm available for conception. However, to date, considerable effort on insemination media provides insemination techniques that address high efficiency fertilization rates, insemination techniques that potentially result in high insemination rates for low insemination doses, and in particular the effectiveness of hysteroscopic insemination techniques You may not have specifically addressed the need.

  A further factor of concern is the timing of insemination. The timing of insemination can be an important factor, for example, due to the viability and longevity of the sperm and the timing of the estrous cycle of the mammal. In particular, the remote location of sperm sample acquisition (ie, the location of the male mammal) and the final location of the AI can be problematic. In conventional AI, previous efforts have been made to store sperm samples prior to insemination and to coordinate insemination with the estrous cycle. However, to date, considerable effort on the timing of insemination has focused on insemination techniques that address high efficiency, infertility techniques that potentially provide high insemination rates for low insemination doses, and in particular the effectiveness of hysteroscopic insemination techniques. May not have specifically addressed the identified need to provide and did not even understand the problem.

  The source of the sperm sample may also be important for the resulting insemination. Obtaining sperm samples in the epididymis (obtaining the sperm samples from the epididymis of the testis; holding the sperm during maturation and entangled before being integrated into a single coiled duct continuous with the vas deferens (Tubules that posteriorly exit the testis), which form a lumpy mass, may provide several inherent advantages with respect to insemination timing and sperm viability. However, to date, considerable efforts regarding sperm source, viability and timing of insemination have been directed to insemination techniques that potentially produce high fertilization rates, high fertilization rates for low insemination doses, and especially hysteroscopic insemination techniques. It may not have fully addressed the identified need to provide insemination techniques to address the effectiveness issue, and may not even understand the issue.

(Disclosure of the Invention)
The inventors have recognized potential problems associated with conventional methods of artificial insemination. Thus, embodiments of the present invention may provide for the production of mammals through the use of artificial insemination that may address the deficiencies of previous artificial insemination techniques and systems. The present invention, according to certain embodiments, has a potentially high fertilization rate, a fertilization rate that may be statistically compatible with conventional AI results, and potentially high using low insemination doses Methods of mammalian production can be included where fertilization rates can be achieved. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention may provide mammalian production through the use of hysteroscopic insemination techniques. Furthermore, the present invention may include embodiments that relate specifically to mammals such as horses, cows, and pigs, among other mammals. Thus, embodiments of the present invention may even be considered a development that was not in previous efforts of artificial insemination.

  Accordingly, one object of the present invention is to provide mammalian production utilizing an efficient procedure. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention that a lower number of sperm can be used at an insemination dose compared to conventional AI and other insemination techniques, while in certain embodiments of the present invention at least statistics of conception. To provide artificial insemination techniques for mammalian production so that comparable success rates can be maintained.

  Another problem of the present invention is to provide mammalian production utilizing an artificial insemination procedure, which potentially has a high fertilization rate, consistent with lower sperm production from mating techniques such as sperm sorting. Can be achieved. Accordingly, the object of the present invention is to produce a mammalian product that uses a lower number of sperm and achieves a statistically comparable success rate of fertilization compared to conventional AI and other fertilization techniques. Is to provide artificial insemination technology.

  Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide the production of mammals using artificial insemination procedures that can enhance the processes involved in artificial insemination. Because of this result, the object of the present invention is that the process of estrous cycle timing, sperm source, viability, longevity and processing, insemination dose medium and capacity, and insemination timing, especially at low doses, It is to provide artificial insemination techniques for mammalian production that can be optimized for insemination and potentially high fertilization.

  It is a further object of the present invention, according to a preferred embodiment, to provide mammalian production by hysteroscopic insemination. Therefore, the object of the present invention is to insert the insemination dose, to guide the insemination dose at the site of deposition, and to deposit the insemination dose at the appropriate location in other manners as mentioned above in an appropriate manner or form. And to provide techniques of artificial insemination for the production of mammals, as can be achieved to achieve the purpose. According to certain implementation liquids of the present invention, blister insemination and bubble or froth insemination are introduced as preferred embodiments to optimize fertilization rate. A particular object of the present invention is to provide an artificial insemination technique for mammalian production that utilizes a catheter with a video endoscope to guide and deposit an insemination dose.

  Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide production of various mammalian species using an artificial insemination procedure, according to certain embodiments. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide artificial insemination techniques for mammals such as horses, cows and pigs, among other species. A further object is for various mammalian species to further provide a low number of sperm in insemination doses and a potentially high fertilization rate, particularly a rate that may be statistically comparable to conventional AI. It is to provide artificial insemination technology.

  Other objects of the invention are disclosed elsewhere in this specification and throughout the claims. Furthermore, the objects and issues may be applied to various other objects and tasks in various embodiments, either in a dependent manner or in an independent manner.

Accordingly, the present invention provides the following:
(Item 1) A method for producing a mammal comprising:
a. Collecting sperm cells from a male of a mammalian species;
b. Selecting a desired sperm for insemination;
c. Determining an amount suitable for hysteroscopic insemination for artificial insemination;
d. Establishing an amount of an insemination specimen compatible with the hysteroscopic insemination, wherein a sperm desired for the insemination and a medium compatible with the hysteroscope are used in the insemination specimen;
e. Temporarily holding substantially the characteristics of the sperm cells in the insemination specimen;
f. Determining the time of estrus in the female of the mammalian species;
g. Altering the characteristics of the insemination specimen to establish an artificial insemination sample at about the time of estrus;
h. Placing the artificial insemination sample on a catheter;
i. Determining when the female of the mammalian species is properly fertilized;
j. Inserting an optical element into the vagina into the female of the mammalian species;
k. Inserting the catheter into the vagina into the female of the mammalian species;
l. Directing the optical element and the catheter through the female vagina of the mammalian species;
m. Optically locating a uterine fallopian junction in a female of the mammalian species;
n. Positioning the catheter in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction in the female of the mammalian species;
o. Extruding at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample from the catheter under a surface near the uterotubal junction in the female of the mammalian species;
p. Placing at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction in a female of the mammalian species;
q. Withdrawing the optical element and the catheter from a female of the mammalian species;
r. Fertilizing female eggs of the mammalian species; and
s. Producing a progeny mammal from the fertilized egg;
Including the method.

    (Item 2) Fertilizing said mammalian species of female eggs comprises fertilizing said mammalian species of female eggs at a success level that is statistically comparable to conventional endometrial artificial insemination processes. A method for producing the mammal according to item 1.

    (Item 3) The method for producing a mammal according to item 2, wherein the step of placing the artificial insemination sample on a catheter includes the step of placing a small number of sperm on the catheter.

    (Item 4) Placing a small number of sperm on the catheter comprises the following: less than about 10,000,000 sperm, less than about 5,000,000 sperm, less than about 2,000,000 sperm, In item 3, comprising placing a number of sperm selected from the group consisting of less than about 1,000,000 sperm, less than about 500,000 sperm, and less than about 100,000 sperm. A method of producing the described mammal.

    5. The fertilizing step includes fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a success level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process, the success level comprising:
  Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a success level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or greater;
  The female egg of the mammalian species is used at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial insemination process using 500,000,000 horse sperm samples having a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or more. Fertilizing,
  Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a success level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a statistical β value of at least about 80% or greater;
  Fertilize female eggs of the mammalian species with a success level statistically comparable to conventional endometrial insemination processes having a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or higher and a statistical β value of at least about 80% or higher Letting
The method for producing a mammal according to item 4, which is determined from the group consisting of:

    (Item 6) The step of fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a success level that is statistically comparable to the conventional endometrial artificial insemination process is as follows: success rate of at least about 75%, success of at least about 65% Success level selected from the group consisting of: a rate, a success rate of at least about 60%, a success rate of at least about 50%, a success rate of at least about 45%, and at least about 90% of conventional artificial insemination for the species 5. A method for producing a mammal according to item 4, comprising fertilizing a female egg of said mammalian species.

    7. The fertilizing step includes fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a success level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process, the success level comprising:
  Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a success level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or greater;
  The female egg of the mammalian species is used at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial insemination process using 500,000,000 horse sperm samples having a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or more. Fertilizing,
  Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a success level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a statistical β value of at least about 80% or greater;
  Fertilize female eggs of the mammalian species with a success level statistically comparable to conventional endometrial insemination processes having a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or higher and a statistical β value of at least about 80% or higher Letting
The method for producing a mammal according to item 6, which is determined from the group consisting of:

    8. Collecting a sperm sample from the male of the mammalian species comprises collecting a sperm sample from a male of the mammalian species selected from the group consisting of cattle, horses, or pigs. A method for producing the mammal described in 1.

    (Item 9) The step of positioning the catheter in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction in a female of the mammalian species comprises placing the catheter under a surface in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction in the female of the mammalian species. Extruding at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample from the catheter under a surface in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction in the female of the mammalian species, Extruding at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample from the catheter under the surface in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction, and in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction in a female of the mammalian species 9. The item 8, wherein placing at least a portion of the sample comprises placing at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample under the surface near the uterine fallopian junction in a female of the mammalian species. To produce mammals .

    (Item 10) Establishing an amount of the insemination specimen suitable for the hysteroscopic insemination using a sperm desirable for the insemination in the insemination specimen and a medium suitable for the hysteroscope, artificial insemination using the fresh sperm 9. A method for producing a mammal according to item 8, comprising the step of establishing a sample.

    (Item 11) The step of placing at least a part of the artificial insemination sample in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian tube junction in a female of the mammalian species comprises the shadow of the uterine fallopian tube junction in the female of the mammalian species. The method for producing a mammal according to item 6, comprising placing at least a part of the artificial insemination sample in a fovea.

    (Item 12) Establishing an insemination sample in an amount suitable for hysteroscopic insemination using a sperm desirable for insemination in the insemination sample and a medium compatible with the hysteroscope, diluting the sperm cell A method for producing a mammal according to item 6, comprising.

    13. The step of diluting the sperm cells comprises diluting the sperm cells to a ratio of less than 2: 1, diluting the sperm cells to a ratio of less than 5: 1, and to a ratio of less than 10: 1. Dilute the sperm cells selected from the group consisting of dilution of sperm cells, dilution with skim milk medium, dilution with TALP medium, dilution with HEPES buffered tyrode medium, and dilution with androhep medium 13. A method for producing a mammal according to item 12, comprising the step of:

    (Item 14) Establishing an amount of the insemination specimen suitable for the hysteroscopic insemination using a sperm desirable for the insemination in the insemination specimen and a medium suitable for the hysteroscope, and cooling the insemination specimen to about room temperature. 14. A method for producing a mammal according to item 13, further comprising the step of:

    (Item 15) The method for producing a mammal according to item 6, wherein the step of selecting a sperm desirable for insemination includes the step of concentrating more motile sperm collected from the male mammal species.

    16. The method of producing a mammal according to claim 15, wherein the step of concentrating more motile sperm collected from the male mammalian species comprises centrifuging the sperm through a Percoll gradient.

    17. The method of producing a mammal of claim 16, wherein centrifuging the sperm through the Percoll gradient comprises using a 90: 45% Percoll gradient.

    (Item 18) The step of centrifuging the sperm through the Percoll gradient comprises the following:
  a. Centrifuging the sperm through the Percoll gradient at about 200 g for about 5 minutes; and
  b. Centrifuging the sperm through the Percoll gradient at about 800 g for about 10 minutes;
18. A method for producing a mammal according to item 17, further comprising:

    19. The mammal of claim 17, wherein the step of concentrating more motile sperm collected from the male mammalian species comprises limiting the concentration of the sperm to less than about twice the starting concentration. How to produce.

    20. The item of establishing, comprising establishing an insemination sample in an amount selected from the group consisting of between about 30 μl and about 150 μl, less than about 500 μl, less than about 230 μl, and about 100 μl. A method for producing the mammal according to 6.

    (Item 21) The method for producing a mammal according to item 6, wherein the step of determining the estrus time of the female of the mammalian species includes the step of inducing estrus in the female of the mammalian species.

    (Item 22) The method for producing a mammal according to item 21, wherein the step of inducing estrus in females of the mammalian species includes the step of simultaneously inducing estrus in a plurality of females of the mammalian species.

    (Item 23) The step of inducing estrus in females of the above-mentioned mammalian species is as follows:
  a. Subjecting said mammalian species of females to progestagen treatment daily for about 10 days; and
  b. Subjecting the female of the mammalian species at least once to the treatment of cloprostenol on about ten days of achieving the step of subjecting the female of the mammalian species daily to progestagen treatment for about 10 days;
23. A method for producing a mammal according to item 21 or 22, comprising

    (Item 24) A method for production by a mammal according to item 6, wherein the step of changing the characteristics of the fertilized specimen is started and it is determined that fertilization is appropriately performed on females of the mammal species A method further comprising establishing an artificial insemination sample in the vicinity and near the estrus period.

    (Item 25) A method for production by a mammal according to item 24, wherein the step of changing the characteristics of the fertilized specimen is started and it is determined that fertilization is appropriately performed on females of the mammal species The step of establishing an artificial insemination sample in the vicinity of the estrus stage is as follows: within about 24 hours of the time determined to fertilize properly for the female of the mammalian species, suitable for the female of the mammalian species Properly fertilize females of the mammalian species within approximately 12 hours of the time determined to fertilize, within approximately 8 hours of the time determined to fertilize appropriately for females of the mammalian species The characteristics of the insemination specimen within a time selected from the group consisting of within about 3 hours of the determined period and within about 1 hour of the determined period to properly fertilize females of the mammalian species To change Comprising the step of starting the process.

    26. The method of producing a mammal according to item 6, wherein the optical element and the catheter are guided through the female vagina of the mammalian species as follows:
  a. Directing the optical element and the catheter through the female neck of the mammal species;
  b. Directing the optical element and the catheter through the female lumen of the mammalian species; and
  c. Directing the optical element and the catheter through the uterine horn of a female of the mammalian species;
Including the method.

    27. The method of producing a mammal according to claim 26, wherein the step of directing the optical element and catheter through the female neck of the mammalian species includes the optical element and the catheter as the mammalian species. Manually guiding the optical element and catheter through a female lumen of a mammalian species, wherein the step of guiding the optical element and the catheter through the female species female tube A method comprising manually guiding through the cavity.

    28. The method of claim 26, further comprising the step of inserting an illumination element in the vicinity of the optical element.

    29. The method of producing a mammal according to item 28, further comprising the step of strobing the irradiation element.

    30. The method of producing a mammal according to item 29, wherein the step of directing the optical element and catheter through the female uterine horn of a mammalian species comprises the optical element and the catheter as the mammalian species. Optically guiding through the female uterine horn.

    (Item 31) The method according to item 6, wherein the method further comprises the step of determining a dominant follicle in the female of the mammal species.

    32. A method produced by the mammal of claim 6, further comprising observing a pre-ovulatory follicle with a size of at least about 35 mm.

    (Item 33) The method for producing a mammal according to item 6, wherein the step of positioning the catheter in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction in a female of the mammal species is as follows:
  a. Positioning the catheter within about 3-5 cm of the uterine fallopian tube junction;
  b. Contacting the catheter with the uterine fallopian tube junction.

    34. The method of producing a mammal according to item 6, further comprising the step of directing filtered air to a female uterus of said mammalian species.

    (Item 35) The method for producing a mammal according to item 34, further comprising the step of venting air from a female uterus of the mammal species.

    (Item 36) The method for producing a mammal according to item 6, further comprising the step of aspirating at least a part of the artificial insemination sample pushed out from the catheter to produce an aspirated insemination sample. how to.

    (Item 37) A method produced by a mammal, the method comprising:
  a. Collecting sperm cells from a male of a mammalian species;
  b. Establishing an artificial insemination sample having a small number of sperm compared to a natural insemination dose for said mammal;
  c. Placing the artificial insemination sample on a catheter;
  d. Determining when the female of the mammalian species is properly inseminated;
  e. Inserting an optical element into the vagina into the female of the mammalian species;
  f. Inserting the catheter intravaginally into the female of the mammalian species;
  g. Directing the optical element and the catheter through the female vagina of the mammalian species;
  h. Optically locating a uterine fallopian tube junction in a female of the mammalian species;
  i. Positioning the catheter in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction in a female of the mammalian species;
  j. Extruding at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample from the catheter;
  k. Positioning a small number of sperm in the vicinity of the uterotubal junction in the female of the mammalian species;
  l. Withdrawing the optical element and the catheter from the female of the mammalian species;
  m. Fertilizing said mammalian species of female eggs at a level of success that is statistically comparable to the conventional insemination process of the endometrium;
  n. Producing a progeny mammal from the fertilized egg;
Including the method.

    38. The method of producing a mammal according to item 37, wherein the step of placing the small number of sperm on a catheter comprises less than about 10 million sperm, less than about 5 million sperm, about 2 million. Placing a number of sperm selected from the group consisting of less than sperm, less than about 1 million sperm, less than about 500,000 sperm, and less than about 100,000 sperm.

    39. The method of producing a mammal according to item 38, wherein the fertilizing step statistically compares the female egg of the mammalian species with a conventional artificial insemination process of a uterine body. Including the step of fertilizing at a level, the success level being:
  Fertilizing a female egg of said mammalian species with a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or more and at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional uterine artificial insemination process;
  Fertilize a female egg of the mammalian species with a statistical P value of at least 0.05 or more at a level of success that is statistically comparable to the conventional insemination process using a 500 million equine sperm sample The process of
  Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a statistical β value of at least about 80% or more, at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional uterine artificial insemination process;
  The mammalian eggs of the mammal are statistically applied to a conventional uterine insemination process with both a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 and a statistical β value of at least 80%. Fertilizing at a comparable success level,
A method determined from the group consisting of:

    40. The method of producing a mammal of claim 38, comprising fertilizing a female egg of said mammalian species at a success level that is statistically comparable to a conventional uterine artificial insemination process. A female egg of the mammalian species having a success rate of at least about 75%, a success rate of at least about 65%, a success rate of at least about 60%, a success rate of at least about 50%, a success rate of at least about 45%; And fertilizing at a success level selected from the group consisting of at least about 90% success rate of conventional artificial insemination of the species.

    41. The method of producing a mammal according to item 40, wherein the fertilizing step statistically compares the female egg of the mammalian species statistically with a conventional artificial insemination process of a uterine body. Including the step of fertilizing at a level, the success level being:
  Fertilizing a female egg of said mammalian species with a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or more and at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional uterine artificial insemination process;
  Fertilize a female egg of the mammalian species with a statistical P value of at least 0.05 or more at a level of success that is statistically comparable to the conventional insemination process using a 500 million equine sperm sample The process of
  Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a statistical β value of at least about 80% or more, at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional uterine artificial insemination process;
  The mammalian eggs of the mammal are statistically applied to a conventional uterine insemination process with both a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 and a statistical β value of at least 80%. Fertilizing at a comparable success level,
A method determined from the group consisting of:

    (Item 42) The method for producing a mammal according to item 40, wherein the step of collecting sperm cells from a male of the mammal species is selected from the group consisting of a cow, a horse or a pig. Collecting sperm cells from the male.

    (Item 43) The method for producing a mammal according to item 42, wherein the step of positioning the catheter in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian tube junction in the female of the mammalian species includes the catheter in the female of the mammalian species. Inserting the catheter under the surface in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction in a female of a mammalian species, comprising Extruding from the catheter under the surface near the uterine fallopian junction in a female of the mammalian species, wherein the step of extruding from the artificial insemination sample comprises the aspirated insemination sample Positioning at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction in the female of the mammalian species. The process of placing under the surface It encompasses methods.

    (Item 44) A method for the production of a mammal according to item 42, wherein a medium compatible with a hysteroscope is used in a sperm desired for insemination and an insemination sample, and in a capacity compatible with fertilization using a hysteroscope. A method wherein the step of establishing the insemination specimen comprises establishing an artificial insemination sample using fresh sperm.

    (Item 45) A method for production by a mammal according to item 40, further comprising the step of selecting a sperm likely to be fertilized from the collected sperm cells.

    (Item 46) The method for producing a mammal according to item 45, wherein the step of selecting a sperm desired for fertilization includes a step of concentrating more motile sperm collected from a male of the mammal species. how to.

    (Item 47) The method for producing a mammal according to item 46, wherein the step of concentrating the more motile sperm collected from the male of the mammal species comprises the step of centrifuging the sperm with a Percoll gradient. The method of inclusion.

    48. The method of claim 47, wherein the step of centrifuging the sperm with a Percoll gradient comprises using a 90: 45% Percoll gradient.

    49. The method of claim 46, wherein the step of concentrating more motile sperm collected from the male male species is reduced to a sperm concentration of about 2 of the initial concentration. A method comprising the step of limiting to less than twice.

    (Item 50) The method for producing a mammal according to item 40, wherein the step of collecting sperm cells from a male of the mammal species is selected from the group consisting of cattle, horses or pigs. Collecting sperm cells from the male.

    51. The method of producing a mammal according to item 42, wherein the establishing step is selected from the group consisting of between about 30 μl and 150 μl, less than about 500 μl, about 230 μl, and about 100 μl. Establishing a fertilized specimen by volume.

    (Item 52) The method for producing a mammal according to item 40, wherein the step of collecting sperm cells from the male of the mammalian species comprises the step of collecting epididymal sperm cells from the male of the mammalian species. The method of inclusion.

    (Item 53) The method for producing a mammal according to item 42, wherein the step of establishing an artificial insemination sample having a small number of sperm compared to a natural insemination dose of the mammal is adapted for hysteroscopy A method comprising establishing an artificial insemination sample using a sex medium.

    (Item 54) The method for producing a mammal according to item 53, wherein the step of establishing an artificial insemination sample using a medium compatible with hysteroscopy includes a step of using a skim milk medium how to.

    (Item 55) The method for producing a mammal according to item 53, wherein the step of establishing an artificial insemination sample using a medium compatible with hysteroscopy includes a TALP medium, a HEPES buffered tyrode medium And using a medium selected from the group consisting of androhep medium.

    (Item 56) The method for producing a mammal according to item 53, wherein the step of establishing an artificial insemination sample using a medium compatible with a hysteroscope has a viscosity adjusted with a catheter. A method comprising the step of utilizing

    (Item 57) The method for producing a mammal according to item 40, wherein the method further comprises a step of aspirating at least a part of the artificial insemination sample extruded from the catheter to produce an aspiration fertilization sample. The method of inclusion.

    (Item 58) The method for producing a mammal according to item 40, 97, 134, 147, 155, 180, 194, 212, 225, wherein the method further comprises the step of classifying the sperm cells according to sex characteristics. Wherein the step of establishing an artificial insemination sample having a low number of spermatozoa relative to the mammal's natural insemination amount comprises a low number of spermatozoa relative to the mammal's natural insemination amount Establishing a sex-selected artificial insemination sample having:

    (Item 59) The method for producing a mammal according to item 58, wherein the step of collecting sperm cells from the male of one kind of mammal is selected from the group consisting of bovines, equines, or pigs. Collecting sperm cells from one selected mammalian male.

    (Item 60) The method for producing a mammal according to Item 58, further comprising the step of freezing the sperm cells.

    (Item 61) The method for producing a mammal according to item 60, wherein the step of collecting sperm cells from the male of one kind of mammal is from the group consisting of bovine, equine, or swine. Collecting sperm cells from one selected mammalian male.

    (Item 62) The method for producing a mammal according to items 40, 97, 134, 147, 155, 180, 194, 212, 225, further comprising a step of freezing the sperm cells.

    (Item 63) The method for producing a mammal according to item 62, wherein the step of collecting sperm cells from the male of one kind of mammal is selected from the group consisting of bovines, equines, or pigs. Collecting sperm cells from one selected mammalian male.

    (Item 64) The method for producing a mammal according to item 40, 294, 235, 225, 212, 204, 194, 180, 155, 147, 134, wherein at least a part of the aspirated insemination sample is Placing the proximate uterine fallopian junction in a female mammal of the species comprises at least a portion of the aspirated insemination sample in the shadow of the uterine fallopian junction in the female mammal of the species. A method comprising the step of placing in a fossa.

    (Item 65) The method for producing a mammal according to item 40, 294, 235, 225, 212, 204, 194, 180, 155, 147, 134, wherein the uterine fallopian tube in a female of said species The method further comprises promoting adhesion of the sperm to the proximal surface of the junction.

    66. The method of producing a mammal according to item 65, wherein the step of promoting adhesion of the sperm to a proximal surface of a uterine fallopian junction in a female mammal of the species comprises the artificial Making a floss from at least a portion of an insemination sample.

    (Item 67) The method for producing a mammal according to item 40, 294, 235, 225, 212, 204, 194, 180, 155, 147, 134, wherein floss is prepared from at least a part of the artificial insemination sample The method further comprising the step of:

    (Item 68) The method for producing a mammal according to item 40, 294, 235, 225, 212, 204, 194, 180, 155, 147, 134, 97, wherein the uterus is used in a sperm and an insemination specimen desirable for the insemination A method wherein the step of establishing an insemination specimen in a volume compatible for insemination using a hysteroscope using a mirror compatible medium comprises diluting the sperm cells.

    (Item 69) The method for producing a mammal according to item 68, wherein the step of diluting the sperm cells comprises a ratio of 2: 1 or less, a ratio of 5: 1 or less, or a ratio of 10: 1 or less. Diluting with skim milk medium, with TALP medium, with HEPES-buffered Tyrode medium and with Androhep medium to a ratio of said sperm cells more selected.

    (Item 70) The method for producing a mammal according to item 69, wherein a medium compatible with a hysteroscope is used in a sperm and an insemination specimen that are desirable for insemination, and a volume compatible with insemination using a hysteroscope The method wherein the step of establishing the insemination specimen further comprises the step of cooling the insemination specimen at about room temperature.

    (Item 71) The method for producing a mammal according to item 40, 294, 235, 225, 212, 204, 194, 180, 155, 147, 134, 97, wherein fertilization is performed from the collected sperm cells. A method further comprising selecting sperm cells that are likely.

    (Item 72) The method for producing a mammal according to item 71, wherein the step of selecting sperm desirable for insemination includes the step of concentrating more motile sperm collected from a male mammal of the species. how to.

    73. The method of producing a mammal according to item 72, wherein the step of concentrating the more motile sperm collected from the male mammal of the species comprises the step of centrifuging the sperm with a Percoll gradient. The method of inclusion.

    74. The method of producing a mammal of claim 73, wherein centrifuging the sperm with a Percoll gradient comprises using a 90: 45% Percoll gradient.

    (Item 75) The method for producing a mammal according to items 72 and 74, wherein the step of centrifuging the sperm with a Percoll gradient is as follows:
  a. Centrifuging the sperm with the Percoll gradient at about 200 g for about 5 minutes; and
  b. Centrifuging the sperm with the Percoll gradient at about 800 g for about 10 minutes
Further comprising a method.

    76. The method of producing a mammal according to item 72, wherein the step of concentrating more motile sperm collected from a male mammal of said species reduces the sperm concentration to about 2 of the initial concentration. A method comprising the step of limiting to less than twice.

    77. The method of producing a mammal according to item 72, wherein the establishing step is a volume selected from the group consisting of between about 30 μl and 150 μl, less than about 500 μl, about 230 μl, and about 100 μl. A method comprising establishing an insemination specimen.

    (Item 78) The method for producing a mammal according to item 40, 294, 235, 225, 212, 204, 194, 180, 155, 147, 134, 97, wherein the female is in estrus. Determining the estrus in a mammalian female of said species.

    (Item 79) The method for producing a mammal according to item 78, wherein the step of inducing estrus in a female mammal of the above species is as follows:
  a. Providing said female mammal a progestogen treatment daily for about 10 days; and
  b. Providing cloprostenol treatment at least once on approximately day 10 to achieve the step of providing progestogen treatment to a mammal female of this kind daily for about 10 days;
Including the method.

    (Item 80) The method for producing a mammal according to item 40, 294, 235, 225, 212, 204, 194, 180, 155, 147, 134, 97, the step of changing the characteristics of the insemination specimen Starting and establishing an artificial insemination sample near the estrus period, near the time when it has been determined that the female mammal of this species is properly fertilized.

    (Item 81) The method for producing a mammal according to item 80, wherein the step of changing the characteristics of the insemination specimen is started, and around the time when the mammal female of the species is determined to be suitable. The step of establishing an artificial insemination sample in the vicinity of the estrus period is as follows: within about 24 hours of the time when the mammal female of the species has been determined to fertilize properly, the mammal female of the species Within about 12 hours of the time determined to fertilize properly, within about 8 hours of the time when the female mammal of the species is determined to fertilize properly, the female mammal of the species Within a time period selected from the group consisting of within about 3 hours of the time period determined to fertilize and within about 1 hour of the time period when the female female of the species has been determined to fertilize properly, Including the step of initiating a step of changing the characteristics of the insemination specimen Method.

    (Item 82) The method for producing a mammal according to item 40, 294, 235, 225, 212, 204, 194, 180, 155, 147, 134, 97, wherein the optical element and the catheter are of the kind of mammal The steps of introducing through the female vagina of the animal are as follows:
  a. Introducing the optical element and the catheter through the neck of a female mammal of the species;
  b. Introducing the optical element and the catheter through the lumen of a female mammal of the species; and
  c. Introducing the optical element and the catheter through the female uterine horn of the species;
Including the method.

    83. The method of producing a mammal according to item 82, wherein the step of introducing the optical element and the catheter through the female neck of the mammal of the species includes the optical element and the catheter. Manually introducing the optical element and catheter through the lumen of a female mammal of the species, the step of introducing the optical element and catheter through the lumen of the female mammal of the species Manual introduction through the lumen of a female mammal of the species.

    84. The method of producing a mammal according to item 82, further comprising the step of inserting an illumination element in the vicinity of the optical element.

    85. The method of producing a mammal according to item 84, further comprising the step of strobing the irradiation element.

    86. The method of producing a mammal according to item 85, wherein the step of introducing the optical element and the catheter through the uterine horn of a female mammal of the species includes the optical element and the catheter as the species. Optically guiding through the uterine horn of a female mammal.

    (Item 87) The method for producing a mammal according to item 40, 294, 235, 225, 212, 204, 194, 180, 155, 147, 134, 97, wherein the method is dominant in a female mammal of the species. A method further comprising determining a follicle.

    88. A method of producing a mammal according to item 40, 294, 235, 225, 212, 204, 194, 180, 155, 147, 134, 97, wherein the follicular follicle is at least about 35 mm in size before ovulation. Further comprising the step of observing.

    89. The method of producing a mammal according to item 40, 294, 235, 225, 212, 204, 194, 180, 155, 147, 134, 97, wherein the catheter is a mammal of the species Positioning in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian tube junction in the female of the animal includes the following:
  a. Positioning the catheter within about 3-5 cm of the uterine fallopian junction;
  b. Contacting the catheter with the uterine fallopian tube junction.

    (Item 90) The method for producing a mammal according to item 40, 294, 235, 225, 212, 204, 194, 180, 155, 147, 134, 97, wherein the mammal is a female uterus of the species The method further comprising introducing filtered air.

    91. The method of producing a mammal according to item 90, further comprising the step of venting air from a female uterus of said species of mammal.

    (Item 92) The method for producing a mammal according to item 40, 294, 235, 225, 212, 204, 194, 180, 155, 147, 134, 97, wherein the artificial insemination sample is extruded from the catheter The method further comprises the step of aspirating at least a portion of the sample to produce a sucked insemination sample.

    93. A method for producing a mammal, comprising:
  a. Collecting sperm cells from one mammalian male;
  b. Establishing an artificial insemination sample utilizing at least some of the sperm cells;
  c. Placing the artificial insemination sample in a catheter;
  d. Determining when the mammal female of the species is properly fertilized;
  e. Inserting an optical element into the vagina of the mammal of the species;
  f. Inserting the catheter intravaginally into the female of the mammal of the species;
  g. Directing the optical element and the catheter through the vagina of the female of the mammal of the species;
  h. Optically positioning a uterine fallopian tube junction within the female of the mammal of the species;
  i. Inserting the catheter under the surface near the uterine fallopian junction in the female of the mammal of the species;
  j. Extruding at least a portion of the insemination sample from the catheter under the surface in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction in the female of the mammal of the species;
  k. Placing at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample under the surface near the uterine fallopian junction in the female of the mammal of the species;
  l. Withdrawing the optical element and the catheter from the female of the mammal of the species;
  m. Fertilizing the female egg of the mammal of the species; and
  n. Generating offspring mammals from the fertilized eggs;
Including the method.

    94. A method of generating a mammal according to item 93, wherein the step of placing the artificial insemination sample in the catheter comprises the step of placing a small number of sperm in the catheter. .

    95. The method of generating a mammal of item 94, wherein the step of placing a small number of sperm in the catheter comprises less than about 10 million sperm, less than about 5 million sperm, Placing a number of sperm selected from the group consisting of less than 2 million sperm, less than about 1 million sperm, less than about 500,000 sperm, and less than about 100,000 sperm. .

    96. A method for producing a mammal according to item 95, comprising fertilizing a female egg of said species with a success level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process. Fertilizing the female egg of the mammal of the species, wherein the success level comprises:
  The female egg of the mammal of the species at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial insemination process with a statistical P value greater than or equal to at least about 0.05. Fertilization process,
  At a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process using 500 million horse sperm samples with a statistical P value greater than or equal to at least about 0.05, Fertilizing the female egg of the mammal of the species;
  Fertilize the female egg of the mammal of the species with a statistical β value greater than or equal to at least about 80% and a statistically comparable level to the traditional endometrial artificial insemination process The process of
  Conventional endometrial insemination process with both a statistical P value greater than or equal to at least about 0.05 and a statistical β value greater than at least about 80% or equal to at least about 80% Fertilizing the female egg of the mammal of the species with a success level statistically comparable to
A method selected from the group consisting of:

    97. A method of generating a mammal according to item 95, wherein the fertilization step is performed at a success level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process, and the mammal of the species Fertilizing a female egg, the success level being at least about 75% success rate, at least about 65% success rate, at least about 60% success rate, at least about 50% success rate, at least about A method selected from the group consisting of a success rate of 45% and at least about 90% of conventional artificial insemination for said species.

    98. A method of generating a mammal according to item 97, wherein the fertilizing step is performed at a success level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process, wherein the mammal of the species Including fertilizing a female egg, wherein the success level is
  The female egg of the mammal of the species at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial insemination process with a statistical P value greater than or equal to at least about 0.05. Fertilization process,
  At a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process using 500 million horse sperm samples with a statistical P value greater than or equal to at least about 0.05, Fertilizing the female egg of the mammal of the species;
  Fertilize the female egg of the mammal of the species with a statistical β value greater than or equal to at least about 80% and a statistically comparable level to the traditional endometrial artificial insemination process The process of
  Conventional endometrial insemination process with both a statistical P value greater than or equal to at least about 0.05 and a statistical β value greater than at least about 80% or equal to at least about 80% Fertilizing the female egg of the mammal of the species with a success level statistically comparable to
A method determined from the group consisting of:

    (Item 99) The method for producing a mammal according to item 97, wherein the step of collecting sperm cells from the male of one kind of mammal is a group consisting of a bovine animal, an equine animal, or a pig. Collecting sperm cells from one more selected male male.

    (Item 100) A method for producing the mammal according to item 93, further comprising the step of selecting spermatozoa more likely to achieve insemination from the collected sperm cells.

    101. The method of generating a mammal of item 100, wherein the step of selecting sperm desired for insemination comprises the step of concentrating more motile sperm collected from the male species of the mammal. The method of inclusion.

    102. A method of generating a mammal according to item 101, wherein the step of concentrating more motile sperm collected from the male species of the mammal is a step of centrifuging the sperm with a Percoll gradient. Including the method.

    103. The method of generating a mammal of claim 102, wherein the step of centrifuging the sperm with a Percoll gradient comprises utilizing a 90: 45% Percoll gradient.

    104. A method of producing a mammal according to item 101, wherein the step of concentrating more motile sperm collected from the male species of said mammal comprises reducing the concentration of said sperm to about the starting concentration. A method comprising the step of limiting to less than 2 times.

    (Item 105) The method for producing a mammal according to item 93, wherein the step of collecting sperm cells from the male of one kind of mammal comprises a group consisting of a bovine animal, an equine animal, or a pig. Collecting sperm cells from one more selected male male.

    106. The method of producing a mammal of claim 93, wherein the establishing step is selected from the group consisting of between about 30 μl and 150 μl, less than about 500 μl, about 230 μl, and about 100 μl. Establishing a fertilized specimen by volume.

    (Item 107) The method for producing a mammal according to item 93, wherein the step of collecting sperm cells from a male of one kind of mammal comprises epididymis sperm from the male of one kind of mammal. Collecting the cells.

    108. A method of producing a mammal according to item 93, wherein the step of inserting a catheter under the surface in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction in a female of said species comprises the species. Penetrating the endometrial surface of the uterus in the female of the mammal.

    109. A method of producing a mammal according to item 108, wherein the step of inserting a catheter under the surface in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction in a female of said species is of said species. The method further comprises the step of avoiding penetrating the angiogenic portion of the uterus of the female of the animal.

    110. The method of generating a mammal of claim 93, wherein the step of penetrating the endometrial surface in the female uterus of said species of mammal comprises utilizing the catheter. Method.

    111. A method of generating a mammal according to item 110, further comprising the step of controlling the depth of penetration of the catheter into the endometrial surface of the uterus in a female mammal of the species. ,Method.

    112. A method of producing a mammal according to item 111, wherein the step of controlling the depth of penetration of the catheter into the endometrial surface of the uterus in the female of the species mammal comprises the catheter. A method comprising the step of utilizing.

    (Item 113) A confinement element for insemination, wherein:
  a. Cellular base surface;
  b. A cellular cover surface adjacent to the cellular base surface;
  c. A substantially obscured volume between the cellular base surface and the cellular coating surface;
  d. A sperm cell from one mammalian male positioned within the substantially obscured volume; and
  e. A sperm releasing element adjacent to the substantially obscured volume and through which the sperm cells can pass;
An insemination suppressing element.

    (Item 114) The insemination suppressing element according to item 113, wherein a sperm cell derived from one mammalian male positioned in the substantially obscured volume is representative in natural insemination. An insemination-inhibiting element that contains a small number of sperm cells compared to the number of sperm cells found in.

    (Item 115) The insemination suppressing element according to item 114, wherein the number of sperm cells is smaller than the number of sperm cells typically found in the natural insemination, and less than about 10 million sperm, A number of sperm cells selected from the group consisting of less than 5 million sperm, less than about 2 million sperm, less than about 1 million sperm, less than about 500,000 sperm, and less than about 100,000 sperm. Insemination control elements, including

    (Item 116) The insemination suppressing element according to item 115, wherein the sperm cell is a sperm cell derived from a mammal male selected from the group consisting of a bovine animal, an equine animal, or a pig. Including fertility suppression elements.

    (Item 117) The insemination suppressing element according to item 113, wherein a sperm cell derived from one mammalian male positioned in the substantially concealed volume is collected from the collected sperm cell. Insemination suppression elements, including selected sperm cells that are more likely to achieve insemination.

    (Item 118) The insemination suppressing element according to item 117, wherein the sperm cells selected from the collected sperm cells and more likely to achieve insemination are collected from a mammal of the species. An insemination-inhibiting element comprising sperm cells selected to be sex sperm.

    (Item 119) The insemination suppressing element according to item 113, wherein the sperm cell derived from one mammalian male positioned in the substantially obscured volume includes a fresh sperm cell. Insemination suppression element.

    (Item 120) The insemination suppressing element according to item 113, wherein a sperm cell derived from one mammalian mammal positioned in the substantially obscured volume has an insemination volume, And an insemination inhibiting element, wherein the insemination volume comprises a volume selected from the group consisting of between about 30 μl and 150 μl, less than about 500 μl, about 230 μl, and about 100 μl.

    (Item 121) The insemination suppressing element according to item 113, wherein a sperm cell derived from a male of one kind of mammal positioned in the substantially covered volume is one kind of mammal. Insemination-inhibiting elements, including epididymal sperm cells derived from males.

    (Item 122) The insemination suppressing element according to item 115, wherein a sperm cell derived from a male of one kind of mammal positioned in the substantially covered volume is one kind of mammal. An insemination-inhibiting element comprising sex-selected sperm cells of male origin.

    (Item 123) The insemination suppressing element according to item 122, wherein the sex-selected sperm cell derived from a male of one kind of mammal is selected from the group consisting of bovine, equine, or swine A fertilization-inhibiting element comprising sperm cells derived from one mammalian male.

    124. The insemination element of claim 115, wherein the substantially obscured volume between the cell base surface and the cell coating surface is a uterine fallopian tube in a female mammal of the species. An insemination suppression element positioned in the vicinity of the joint.

    (Item 125) The insemination suppressing element according to item 124, wherein the cell coating surface adjacent to the cell base surface includes the endometrial surface of the uterus in the female of the species.

    (Item 126) The insemination suppressing element according to item 125, wherein the cell base surface includes an angiogenic part of a female uterus of the mammal of the species.

    127. An insemination-suppressing element according to item 115, wherein a sperm-releasing element adjacent to the substantially obscured volume and through which the sperm cells can pass is in a female female of said species. Insemination-inhibiting element, including a tear in the endometrial surface of the uterus.

    (Item 128) An insemination catheter, wherein:
  a. Guide elements;
  b. A reservoir element responsive to the guide element;
  c. An extruded element in which the reservoir element is responsive;
  d. A cell penetrating tip positioned in front of the reservoir element;
An insemination catheter comprising:

    (Item 129) The insemination catheter according to item 128, further comprising a penetration depth control element located in the vicinity of the cell penetration end.

    (Item 130) A method for producing a mammal, comprising:
  a. Collecting sperm cells from a male of a mammalian species;
  b. Selecting a sperm cell that is more likely to achieve insemination from the collected sperm cells;
  c. Establishing an artificial insemination sample using the sperm desired for the insemination;
  d. Placing the artificial insemination sample in a catheter;
  e. Determining when the female of the mammalian species is properly fertilized;
  f. Inserting an optical element into the vagina into the female of the mammalian species;
  g. Inserting the catheter into the vagina into the female of the mammalian species;
  h. Directing the optical element and the catheter through the vagina of the female of the mammalian species;
  i. Optically locating a uterine fallopian tube junction in a female of the mammalian species;
  j. Positioning the catheter in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction in the female of the mammalian species;
  k. Extruding at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample from the catheter under a surface in the female of the mammalian species near the uterotubal junction;
  l. Placing at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction in a female of the mammalian species;
  m. Withdrawing the optical element and the catheter from the female of the mammalian species;
  n. Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species; and
  o. Producing offspring mammals from the fertilized eggs;
Including the method.

    131. The method of producing a mammal according to item 130, wherein placing the artificial insemination sample in the catheter includes placing a small number of sperm in the catheter. Method.

    132. The method of producing a mammal according to item 131, wherein the step of placing a small number of sperm in the catheter comprises less than about 10 million sperm, less than about 5 million. Including placing a number of sperm selected from the group consisting of sperm, less than about 2 million sperm, less than about 1 million sperm, less than about 500,000 sperm, and less than about 100,000 sperm. how to.

    133. A method of producing a mammal according to item 132, wherein the fertilization step is performed at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process. Fertilizing said female egg of said mammal, said success level being:
  Fertilizing the female egg of the mammal of the species with a statistical P value that is at least about 0.05 or more, and at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process;
  With a statistical P value that is at least about 0.05 or higher, a level of success that is statistically comparable to the conventional endometrial insemination process using 500 million horse sperm samples, Fertilizing said female egg;
  Fertilizing the female egg of the mammal of the species with a statistical β value of at least about 80% or more and a success level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process;
  A level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial insemination process, with a statistical P value that is at least about 0.05 or higher and a statistical β value that is at least about 80% or higher. Fertilizing said female egg of a mammal;
A method determined from the group consisting of:

    134. A method of producing a mammal according to item 132, wherein the fertilizing step is performed at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process. Fertilizing the female egg of the mammal, the success level being: at least about 75% success rate, at least about 65% success rate, at least about 60% success rate, at least about 50 % Success rate, at least about 45% success rate, and at least about 90% of conventional artificial insemination for said species.

    135. A method of producing a mammal according to item 134, wherein the fertilizing step is performed at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process. Fertilizing said female egg of said mammal, said success level being:
  Fertilizing the female egg of the mammal of the species with a statistical P value that is at least about 0.05 or more, and at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process;
  With a statistical P value that is at least about 0.05 or higher, a level of success that is statistically comparable to the conventional endometrial insemination process using 500 million horse sperm samples, Fertilizing said female egg;
  Fertilizing the female egg of the mammal of the species with a statistical β value of at least about 80% or more and a success level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process;
  A level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial insemination process, with a statistical P value that is at least about 0.05 or higher and a statistical β value that is at least about 80% or higher. Fertilizing said female egg of a mammal;
A method determined from the group consisting of:

    (Item 136) The method for producing a mammal according to item 134, wherein the step of collecting sperm cells from a male of the mammal species is selected from the group consisting of a bovine, equine, or swine Collecting sperm cells from a male of the mammalian species being treated.

    (Item 137) The method for producing a mammal according to item 134, wherein the step of selecting a sperm desirable for insemination is collected from the male of the mammal of the species, and has a higher motility. Concentrating the method.

    138. A method of producing a mammal according to item 137, wherein the step of concentrating the more motile sperm collected from the male of the mammal of the species is via a Percoll gradient. Centrifuge the sperm.

    139. A method of producing a mammal according to item 138, wherein centrifuging the sperm through the Percoll gradient comprises using a 90: 45% Percoll gradient. .

    (Item 140) A method for producing a mammal according to items 137, 139, wherein the step of centrifuging the sperm through the Percoll gradient comprises:
  a. Centrifuging the sperm through the Percoll gradient at about 200 g for about 5 minutes; and
  b. Centrifuging the sperm through the Percoll gradient at about 800 g for about 10 minutes;
Further comprising a method.

    (Item 141) A method for producing a mammal according to item 137, wherein the step of concentrating the more motile sperm collected from the male of the mammal of the species comprises the concentration of the sperm. Limiting the concentration to less than about twice the starting concentration.

    142. The method of producing a mammal of claim 137, wherein the establishing step comprises between about 30 μl and about 150 μl, less than about 500 μl, less than about 230 μl, and less than about 100 μl. Establishing a fertilized specimen in a more selected volume.

    (Item 143) A method for producing a mammal, comprising:
  a. Collecting sperm cells from a male of a mammalian species;
  b. Establishing an artificial insemination sample using fresh sperm;
  c. Placing the artificial insemination sample in a catheter;
  d. Determining when the female of the mammalian species is properly fertilized;
  e. Inserting an optical element into the vagina into the female of the mammalian species;
  f. Inserting the catheter into the vagina into the female of the mammalian species;
  g. Directing the optical element and the catheter through the vagina of the female of the mammalian species;
  h. Optically locating a uterine fallopian tube junction in a female of the mammalian species;
  i. Positioning the catheter in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction in the female of the mammalian species;
  j. Extruding at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample from the catheter;
  k. Depositing at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian tube junction in a female of the mammalian species;
  l. Withdrawing the optical element and the catheter from the female of the mammalian species;
  m. Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species; and
  n. Producing offspring mammals from the fertilized eggs;
Including the method.

    144. The method of producing a mammal of claim 143, wherein placing the artificial insemination sample in the catheter comprises placing a small number of sperm in the catheter. Method.

    145. A method of producing a mammal according to item 144, wherein the step of placing a small number of sperm in the catheter comprises less than about 10 million sperm, less than about 5 million. Including placing a number of sperm selected from the group consisting of sperm, less than about 2 million sperm, less than about 1 million sperm, less than about 500,000 sperm, and less than about 100,000 sperm. how to.

    146. A method of producing a mammal according to item 145, wherein the fertilizing step is performed at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process. Fertilizing the female egg of the mammal, the success level being:
  Fertilizing the female egg of the mammal of the species with a statistical P value that is at least about 0.05 or more, and at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process;
  With a statistical P value that is at least about 0.05 or higher, a level of success that is statistically comparable to the conventional endometrial insemination process using 500 million horse sperm samples, Fertilizing said female egg;
  Fertilizing the female egg of the mammal of the species with a statistical β value of at least about 80% or more and a success level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process;
  A level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial insemination process, with a statistical P value that is at least about 0.05 or higher and a statistical β value that is at least about 80% or higher. Fertilizing said female egg of a mammal;
A method determined from the group consisting of:

    147. A method for producing a mammal according to item 145, wherein the fertilizing step is performed at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process. Fertilizing the female egg of the mammal, the success level being: at least about 75% success rate, at least about 65% success rate, at least about 60% success rate, at least about 50 % Success rate, at least about 45% success rate, and at least about 90% of conventional artificial insemination for said species.

    148. A method of producing a mammal according to item 147, wherein the fertilizing step is performed at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process. Fertilizing the female egg of the mammal, the success level being:
  Fertilizing the female egg of the mammal of the species with a statistical P value that is at least about 0.05 or more, and at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process;
  With a statistical P value that is at least about 0.05 or higher, a level of success that is statistically comparable to the conventional endometrial insemination process using 500 million horse sperm samples, Fertilizing said female egg;
  Fertilizing the female egg of the mammal of the species with a statistical β value of at least about 80% or more and a success level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process;
  A level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial insemination process, with a statistical P value that is at least about 0.05 or higher and a statistical β value that is at least about 80% or higher. Fertilizing said female egg of a mammal;
A method determined from the group consisting of:

    (Item 149) The method for producing a mammal according to item 147, wherein the step of collecting sperm cells from the male of the mammal species is selected from the group consisting of bovine animals, horse animals, or pigs Collecting sperm from a male of the mammalian species being treated.

    (Item 150) The method for producing a mammal according to item 143, wherein the step of collecting sperm cells from a male of the mammalian species collects epididymal sperm cells from a male of one mammalian species A method comprising the steps of:

    (Item 151) A method for producing a mammal,
  a. Collecting sperm cells from a male of a mammalian species;
  b. Establishing an artificial insemination sample using a hysteroscopic compatible medium;
  c. Placing the artificial insemination sample in a catheter;
  d. Determining when the female of the mammalian species is properly fertilized;
  e. Inserting an optical element into the vagina into the female of the mammalian species;
  f. Inserting the catheter into the vagina into the female of the mammalian species;
  g. Directing the optical element and the catheter through the vagina of the female of the mammalian species;
  h. Optically locating a uterine fallopian tube junction in a female of the mammalian species;
  i. Positioning the catheter in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction in the female of the mammalian species;
  j. Extruding at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample from the catheter;
  k. Placing at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction in a female of the mammalian species;
  l. Withdrawing the optical element and the catheter from the female of the mammalian species;
  m. Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species; and
  n. Producing offspring mammals from the fertilized eggs;
Including the method.

    (Item 152) The method for producing a mammal according to item 151, wherein the step of placing the artificial insemination sample in the catheter includes the step of placing a small number of sperm in the catheter. Method.

    153. The method of producing a mammal of item 152, wherein the step of placing the small number of sperm on the catheter comprises less than about 10 million sperm, less than about 5 million sperm, about 2 million. Placing a plurality of sperm selected from the group consisting of less than sperm, less than about 1 million sperm, less than about 500,000 sperm, and less than about 100,000 sperm.

    (Item 154) The method for producing a mammal according to item 153, wherein the fertilizing step statistically compares a female egg of the mammal species with a conventional artificial insemination process of a uterine body. The success level is as follows:
  Fertilizing a female egg of said mammalian species with a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or more and at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional uterine artificial insemination process;
  The mammalian species of female eggs, with a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or more, at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional uterine artificial insemination process using 500 million horse sperm samples. Fertilization process,
  Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a statistical β value of at least about 80% or more, at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional uterine artificial insemination process;
  The mammalian eggs of the mammal are statistically applied to a conventional uterine insemination process with both a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 and a statistical β value of at least 80%. Fertilizing at a comparable success level,
A method determined from the group consisting of:

    (Item 155) The method for producing a mammal according to Item 153, wherein the fertilization step is performed at a success level that statistically compares the female egg of the mammal species with the conventional insemination process of the uterine body. Fertilizing, wherein the success level is at least about 75% success rate, at least about 65% success rate, at least about 60% success rate, at least about 50% success rate of conventional artificial insemination of the species A method selected from the group consisting of a rate, a success rate of at least about 45%, and a success rate of at least about 90%.

    (Item 156) The method for producing a mammal according to item 155, wherein the fertilizing step statistically compares the female egg of the mammal species with a conventional artificial insemination process of a uterine body. The success level is as follows:
  Fertilizing a female egg of said mammalian species with a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or more and at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional uterine artificial insemination process;
  The mammalian species of female eggs, with a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or more, at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional uterine artificial insemination process using 500 million horse sperm samples. Fertilization process,
  Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a statistical β value of at least about 80% or more, at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional uterine artificial insemination process;
  The mammalian eggs of the mammal are statistically applied to a conventional uterine insemination process with both a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 and a statistical β value of at least 80%. Fertilizing at a comparable success level,
A method determined from the group consisting of:

    157. Collecting sperm cells from a male of the mammalian species comprises collecting sperm cells from a male of a certain mammalian species selected from the group consisting of cattle, horses or pigs. The method for producing a mammal according to 1.

    (Item 158) The method for producing a mammal according to item 151, wherein the step of establishing an artificial insemination sample using a medium compatible with hysteroscopy includes the step of using a skim milk medium.

    159. The step of establishing an artificial insemination sample using a medium compatible with hysteroscopy uses a medium selected from the group consisting of TALP medium, HEPES buffered Tyrode medium, and Androhep medium 151. The method for producing a mammal according to item 151, comprising the step of:

    160. The mammalian of claim 151, wherein the step of establishing an artificial insemination sample using a medium compatible with hysteroscopy comprises utilizing a medium having a viscosity adjusted with a catheter. Production method.

    (Item 161) The method according to item 160, wherein the step of using the medium having viscosity adjusted by the catheter includes the step of using a medium for producing an artificial fertilization sample having a higher viscosity than the blood of the mammal. Mammal production method.

    (Item 162) The feeding according to item 161, wherein the step of using the medium having viscosity adjusted by the catheter further includes the step of using a medium for producing an artificial fertilization sample having a viscosity higher than that of physiological saline. Animal production methods.

    (Item 163) The method for producing a mammal according to item 161, wherein the step of using the medium having the viscosity adjusted by the catheter has a viscosity higher than about 100 cp at approximately the average body temperature of the mammal. Utilizing a medium selected from the group consisting of: a medium; a medium having a viscosity greater than about 300 cp; a medium having a viscosity greater than about 1000 cp; a medium having a viscosity greater than about 3000 cp; and a medium having a viscosity greater than about 6000 cp. Including the method.

    (Item 164) Hysteroscopy fertilized sample, the following:
  a. Reservoir element;
  b. A catheter system in which the reservoir element is responsive;
  c. A plurality of sperm cells contained within the reservoir element; and
  d. A medium compatible with hysteroscopy, contained within the reservoir element and in which the sperm cells are responsive;
Comprising a hysteroscopy fertilized sample.

    165. A fertilization according to claim 164, wherein the plurality of sperm cells contained within the reservoir element comprises a low number of sperm cells when compared to the number of sperm cells typically found in natural fertilization. Containment element.

    166. A fertilization containment element according to claim 165, wherein a small number of said sperm cells, when compared to the number of sperm cells typically found in natural fertilization, comprises less than about 10 million sperm, Fertilization containment comprising a plurality of sperm selected from the group consisting of less than about 5 million sperm, less than about 2 million sperm, less than about 1 million sperm, less than about 500,000 sperm, and less than about 100,000 sperm element.

    167. A fertilization containment element according to claim 166, wherein said sperm cells comprise sperm cells from a male of a certain mammalian species selected from the group consisting of cattle, horses or pigs.

    168. A fertilization containment element according to claim 166, wherein the plurality of sperm cells contained within the reservoir element comprise sperm cells from which a male species of a mammalian species has been selected.

    169. The sperm cell from which the male sex of the mammalian species is selected comprises a male sperm cell of a mammalian species selected from the group consisting of cattle, horses or pigs. Fertilization containment element.

    170. The hysteroscopy fertilized sample of claim 164, wherein the hysteroscopy compatible medium contained within the reservoir element and the sperm is responsive comprises skim milk medium.

    171. The hysteroscopy compatible medium contained within the reservoir element and responsive to the sperm is from the group consisting of TALP medium, HEPES buffered Tyrode medium, and Androhep medium. 165. Hysteroscopy fertilized sample according to item 164, comprising a selected medium.

    172. The hysteroscopy insemination according to item 164, wherein said hysteroscopy compatible medium contained within said reservoir element and said sperm is responsive comprises a catheter conditioned viscous medium. sample.

    (Item 173) The hysteroscopy fertilization sample according to item 172, wherein the viscous medium adjusted by the catheter includes a medium for producing an artificial fertilization sample having higher viscosity than the blood of the mammal.

    (Item 174) The hysteroscopy fertilization sample according to item 173, wherein the viscous medium adjusted by the catheter further includes a medium for producing an artificial fertilization sample having a viscosity higher than that of physiological saline.

    175. The catheter-adjusted viscous medium, each having a viscosity of greater than about 100 cp; a medium having a viscosity greater than about 300 cp; a medium having a viscosity greater than about 1000 cp; 173. A hysteroscopy fertilized sample according to item 172, further comprising a medium having a viscosity higher than about 3000 cp; and a medium selected from the group consisting of a medium having a viscosity higher than about 6000 cp.

    (Item 176) A method for producing a mammal, the method comprising:
  a. Collecting sperm cells from a male of a mammalian species;
  b. Determining a volume compatible with hysteroscopic fertilization for artificial insemination;
  c. Establishing an artificial fertilization sample in a volume compatible with the hysteroscopic fertilization;
  d. Placing the artificial insemination sample in a catheter;
  e. Determining when the female of the mammalian species is properly fertilized;
  f. Inserting an optical element into the vagina into the female of the mammalian species;
  g. Inserting the catheter into the vagina into the female of the mammalian species;
  h. Directing the optical element and the catheter through the female vagina of the mammalian species;
  i. Optically locating a uterine fallopian tube junction in a female of the mammalian species;
  j. Positioning the catheter proximate a uterine fallopian tube junction in a female of the mammalian species;
  k. Extruding at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample from the catheter;
  l. Placing at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction in a female of the mammalian species;
  m. Withdrawing the optical element and the catheter from the female of the mammalian species;
  n. Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species; and
  o. Producing offspring mammals from the fertilized eggs;
Including the method.

    (Item 177) The method for producing a mammal according to item 176, wherein the step of placing the artificial insemination sample in the catheter includes the step of placing a small number of sperm in the catheter.

    178. The method of producing a mammal of claim 177, wherein the step of placing a small number of sperm in the catheter comprises less than about 10 million sperm, less than about 5 million sperm, about 200 Placing a plurality of sperm selected from the group consisting of less than 10,000 sperm, less than about 1 million sperm, less than about 500,000 sperm, and less than about 100,000 sperm.

    179. The method of producing a mammal of claim 178, wherein the fertilizing step comprises the step of fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species at a success level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process. Including the step of fertilization, the level of success being:
  Fertilizing a female egg of said mammalian species with a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or more and at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional uterine artificial insemination process;
  The mammalian species of female eggs, with a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or more, at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional uterine artificial insemination process using 500 million horse sperm samples. Fertilization process,
  Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a statistical β value of at least about 80% or more, at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional uterine artificial insemination process;
  The mammalian eggs of the mammal are statistically applied to a conventional uterine insemination process with both a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 and a statistical β value of at least 80%. Fertilizing at a comparable success level,
A method determined from the group consisting of:

    180. The method of producing a mammal of claim 178, wherein the fertilizing step is performed at a success level that statistically compares the female egg of the mammalian species with a conventional artificial insemination process of the uterine body. Fertilizing, wherein the success level is at least about 75% success rate, at least about 65% success rate, at least about 60% success rate, at least about 50% success rate of conventional artificial insemination of the species A method selected from the group consisting of a rate, a success rate of at least about 45%, and a success rate of at least about 90%.

    181. Collecting sperm cells from the male of the mammalian species includes collecting sperm cells from a male of a certain mammalian species selected from the group consisting of cattle, horses, or pigs. 180. A method for producing a mammal according to 180.

    182. The step of establishing includes the step of establishing an insemination sample in a volume selected from the group consisting of between about 30 μl and 150 μl, less than about 500 μl, about 230 μl, and about 100 μl. The method for producing a mammal according to 1.

    (Item 183) Insemination sample for hysteroscopy, the following:
  a. Reservoir element;
  b. A catheter system in which the reservoir element is responsive; and
  c. An amount of sperm compatible with hysteroscopy contained within the reservoir element,
An insemination sample.

    184. The item, wherein the amount of sperm that is compatible with the hysteroscopy contained within the reservoir element comprises a small number of sperm cells compared to the number of sperm cells typically found in natural insemination. 183, an insemination containment element.

    (Item 185) Compared to the number of sperm cells typically found in said natural insemination, a small number of sperm cells:
Less than about 10 million sperm, less than about 5 million sperm, less than about 2 million sperm, less than about 1 million sperm, less than about 500,000 sperm, and less than about 100,000 sperm,
187. Insemination containment element according to item 184, comprising a large number of sperm cells selected from the group consisting of.

    186. The insemination containment element of claim 185, wherein the sperm cells comprise sperm cells from a male of a mammalian species selected from cattle, horses, or pigs.

    (Item 187) An amount of sperm that is contained within the reservoir element and that is compatible with the hysteroscopy is:
Between about 30 μl and 150 μl, less than about 500 μl, less than about 230 μl, and less than about 100 μl;
184. An insemination containment element according to item 183, comprising an amount selected from the group consisting of.

    188. An insemination containment element according to claim 183 or 187, wherein the amount of sperm that is compatible with the hysteroscopy included in the reservoir element comprises sex-selected sperm cells from a male of the mammalian species. .

    189. The male-selected sex-selected sperm cell of the mammalian species comprises a sperm cell derived from a male of the mammalian species selected from the group consisting of cattle, horses, or pigs. Insemination containment element.

    190. A method of producing a mammal, the method comprising:
  a. Collecting sperm cells from a male of a mammalian species;
  b. Temporarily maintaining substantially the properties of the sperm cells in the insemination specimen;
  c. Determining the time of estrus for males of the mammalian species;
  d. Changing the attributes of the insemination specimen so as to establish an artificial insemination sample at the time of the estrus;
  e. Placing the artificial insemination sample in a catheter;
  f. Inserting an optical element into the vagina into the female of the mammalian species;
  g. Inserting the catheter into the vagina into the female of the mammalian species;
  h. Directing the optical element and the catheter through the female vagina of the mammalian species;
  i. Optically locating a uterine fallopian tube junction in a female of the mammalian species;
  j. Positioning the catheter in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction in the female of the mammalian species;
  k. Extruding at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample from the catheter;
  l. Placing at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction in a female of the mammalian species;
  m. Removing the optical element and the catheter from the female of the mammalian species;
  n. Fertilizing female eggs of the mammalian species; and
  o. Producing a baby mammal from a fertilized egg;
Including the method.

    191. The method of producing a mammal according to item 190, wherein placing the artificial insemination sample in the catheter comprises placing a small number of sperm in the catheter.

    (Item 192) The step of placing a small number of sperm in the catheter comprises the following:
Less than about 10 million sperm, less than about 5 million sperm, less than about 2 million sperm, less than about 1 million sperm, less than about 500,000 sperm, and less than about 100,000 sperm,
191. A method for producing a mammal according to item 191, comprising placing a large number of spermatozoa selected from the group consisting of:

    193. The insemination step comprises inseminating a female egg of the mammalian species at a successful level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a successful level. The successful levels are:
  Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species at a successful level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a statistical P value of at least about 0.05,
  At a successful level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial insemination process using 500 million horse sperm samples having a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or more, females of the mammalian species Fertilizing the eggs,
  Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species at a successful level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a statistical β value of at least about 80% or greater;
  At a successful level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having both a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or higher and a statistical β value of at least about 80% or higher, Fertilizing female eggs of mammalian species,
193. A method of producing a mammal according to item 192, which is determined from the group consisting of:

    194. The insemination step comprises inseminating a female egg of the mammalian species at a successful level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a successful level. The successful levels are:
  Conventional population insemination for this species, at least about 75% success rate, at least about 65% success rate, at least about 60% success rate, at least about 50% success rate, at least about 45% success rate, And a success rate of at least about 90%,
193. A method of producing a mammal according to item 192, selected from the group consisting of:

    195. The insemination step comprises inseminating a female egg of said mammalian species at a successful level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a successful level. The successful levels are:
  Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species at a successful level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a statistical P value of at least about 0.05,
  At a successful level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial insemination process using 500 million horse sperm samples having a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or more, females of the mammalian species Fertilizing the eggs,
  Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species at a successful level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a statistical β value of at least about 80% or greater;
  At a successful level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having both a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or higher and a statistical β value of at least about 80% or higher, Fertilizing female eggs of mammalian species,
195. A method of producing a mammal according to item 194, wherein the mammal is determined from the group consisting of:

    196. Collecting sperm cells from a male of the mammalian species comprises collecting sperm cells from a male of a mammalian species selected from the group consisting of cattle, horses, or pigs. A method for producing the mammal described in 1.

    (Item 197) The step of starting the step of changing the attributes of the insemination specimen so as to establish an artificial insemination sample at the time of the estrus at the time of the appropriate insemination determined for the female of the mammalian species ,
197. A method of producing a mammal according to item 190, 194 or 196, further comprising:

    (Item 198) The step of changing the attributes of the insemination specimen so as to establish an artificial insemination sample at the time of the estrus starts at the time of the appropriate insemination determined for the female of the mammalian species. The process is as follows:
  Within about 24 hours of the appropriate fertilization period determined for females of the mammalian species,
  Within about 24 hours of the appropriate fertilization period determined for females of the mammalian species,
  Within about 12 hours of the appropriate fertilization period determined for females of the mammalian species,
  Within about 8 hours of the appropriate fertilization period determined for females of the mammalian species,
  Within about 3 hours of the appropriate insemination determined for females of the mammalian species, and
  Within about one hour of the appropriate fertilization period determined for females of the mammalian species,
197. A method for producing a mammal according to item 197, comprising a step of starting a step of changing an attribute of the insemination specimen within a period selected from the group consisting of:

    (Item 199) The step of temporarily substantially retaining the characteristics of the sperm cells in the insemination specimen includes a step of freezing the sperm cells, and here, artificial insemination at the time of the estrus. 195. A method of producing a mammal according to item 190 or 194, wherein the step of changing the attributes of the insemination specimen to establish a sample comprises thawing the insemination specimen at the time of the estrus.

    (Item 200) A method for producing a mammal, comprising:
  a. Collecting sperm cells from a male of a mammalian species;
  b. Sorting the sperm according to sex-specific characteristics;
  c. Establishing a selected sex-specific artificial insemination sample;
  d. Placing the selected sex-specific artificial insemination sample in a catheter;
  e. Determining when the female of the mammalian species is properly fertilized;
  f. Inserting an optical element into the vagina into the female of the mammalian species;
  g. Inserting the catheter into the vagina into the female of the mammalian species;
  h. Directing the optical element and the catheter through the female vagina of the mammalian species;
  i. Optically locating a uterine fallopian tube junction in a female of the mammalian species;
  j. Positioning the catheter near a uterine fallopian tube junction in a female of the mammalian species;
  k. Extruding at least a portion of the selected sex-specific artificial insemination sample from the catheter;
  l. Placing at least a portion of the selected sex-specific artificial insemination sample in the vicinity of the female uterine fallopian tube junction of the mammalian species;
  m. Removing the optical element and the catheter from the female of the mammalian species;
  n. Fertilizing female eggs of the mammalian species; and
  o. Producing a progeny mammal of the desired sex from the fertilized egg;
Including the method.

    201. The method of producing a mammal according to item 200, wherein placing the artificial insemination sample in the catheter comprises placing a small number of sperm in the catheter.

    (Item 202) The step of placing a small number of sperm in the catheter comprises the following:
Less than about 10 million sperm, less than about 5 million sperm, less than about 2 million sperm, less than about 1 million sperm, less than about 500,000 sperm, and less than about 100,000 sperm,
202. A method for producing a mammal according to item 201, comprising the step of placing a large number of spermatozoa selected from the group consisting of.

    203. The insemination step comprises inseminating a female egg of the mammalian species at a successful level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a successful level. The successful levels are:
  Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species at a successful level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a statistical P value of at least about 0.05,
  At a successful level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial insemination process using 500 million horse sperm samples having a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or more, females of the mammalian species Fertilizing the eggs,
  Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species at a successful level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a statistical β value of at least about 80% or greater;
  At a successful level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having both a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or higher and a statistical β value of at least about 80% or higher, Fertilizing female eggs of mammalian species,
203. A method of producing a mammal according to item 202, which is determined from the group consisting of:

    204. The insemination step comprises inseminating a female egg of said mammalian species at a successful level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a successful level. The successful levels are:
  Conventional population insemination for this species, at least about 75% success rate, at least about 65% success rate, at least about 60% success rate, at least about 50% success rate, at least about 45% success rate, And a success rate of at least about 90%,
The method of producing a mammal according to item 202, selected from the group consisting of:

    205. Collecting sperm cells from the male of the mammalian species comprises collecting sperm cells from a male of the mammalian species selected from the group consisting of cattle, horses, or pigs. A method for producing the mammal described in 1.

    (Item 206) The method for producing a mammal according to item 204, further comprising the step of freezing the sperm cells.

    207. Collecting sperm cells from the male of the mammalian species comprises collecting sperm cells from a male of the mammalian species selected from the group consisting of cattle, horses, or pigs. A method for producing the mammal described in 1.

    (Item 208) A method for producing a mammal, comprising the following steps:
a. Collecting epididymal sperm cells from males of mammalian species;
b. Establishing an artificial insemination sample;
c. Placing the artificial insemination sample in a catheter;
d. Determining the appropriate fertilization time for said mammalian female;
e. Inserting an optical element into the vagina of the mammalian species of female;
f. Inserting the catheter into the vaginal female into the vagina;
g. Directing the optical element and the catheter through the fold of a female of the mammalian species;
h. Optically locating the female uterine fallopian tube junction of the mammalian species;
i. Positioning the catheter in the vicinity of the uterotubal junction of the female of the mammalian species;
j. Extruding at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample from the catheter;
k. Depositing at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction of a female of the mammalian species;
l. Withdrawing the optical element and the catheter from the female of the mammalian species;
m. Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a success level statistically comparable to a conventional uterine artificial insemination process; and
n. Producing a progeny mammal from the fertilized egg;
Including the method.

    209. The method of producing a mammal of item 208, wherein the step of placing an artificial insemination sample in a catheter comprises placing a small number of sperm in the catheter.

    210. The method of producing a mammal of item 209, wherein the step of placing a small number of sperm in the catheter comprises less than about 10,000,000 sperm, about 5,000,000. Selected from the group consisting of less than sperm, less than about 2,000,000 sperm, less than about 1,000,000 sperm, less than about 500,000 sperm, and less than about 100,000 sperm Placing a large number of spermatozoa to be treated.

    (Item 211) The method for producing a mammal according to item 210, wherein the fertilization step is performed as follows:
  Fertilizing a female egg of said mammalian species with a success level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or more;
  Using a 500,000,000 equine sperm sample, at a success level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial insemination process having a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or greater, Fertilizing female eggs,
  Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a success level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a statistical β value of at least about 80% or greater;
  Females of the mammalian species at a level of success that is statistically comparable to conventional endometrial insemination processes having both a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or higher and a statistical β value of at least about 80% or higher. Fertilizing the eggs of
Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a success level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a success level selected from the group consisting of:

    212. The method of producing a mammal according to item 210, wherein the fertilizing step comprises at least about 75% success rate, at least about 65% success rate of conventional artificial insemination for the mammalian species. A conventional endometrial insemination process having a success level selected from the group consisting of a rate, a success rate of at least about 60%, a success rate of at least about 50%, a success rate of at least about 45%, and at least about 90% Fertilizing female eggs of the mammalian species with a level of success that is statistically comparable to

    (Item 213) The method for producing a mammal according to item 212, wherein the fertilizing step is performed as follows:
  Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a success level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or more;
  Using a 500,000,000 equine sperm sample, at a success level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial insemination process having a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or greater, Fertilizing female eggs,
  Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a success level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a statistical β value of at least about 80% or greater;
  Females of the mammalian species at a level of success that is statistically comparable to conventional endometrial insemination processes having both a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or higher and a statistical β value of at least about 80% or higher. Fertilizing the eggs of
Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a success level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a success level selected from the group consisting of:

    (Item 214) A method for producing a mammal according to item 212, wherein the step of collecting sperm cells from a male of the mammalian species is selected from the group consisting of cattle, horses or pigs. Collecting sperm cells from males.

    (Item 215) Hysteroscopic insemination sample, the following:
a. Reservoir element;
b. A catheter system in which the reservoir element is responsive; and
c. A plurality of epididymal sperm cells contained within the reservoir element;
Including a sample.

    216. An insemination containment element as described in item 215, wherein the plurality of epididymal sperm cells contained within the reservoir element are compared to the number of sperm cells typically found in natural insemination. Elements that contain a small number of sperm cells.

    217. An insemination containment element as described in item 216, wherein the number of sperm cells is less than about 10,000,000 compared to the number of sperm cells typically found in said natural insemination. Sperm, less than about 5,000,000 sperm, less than about 2,000,000 sperm, less than about 1,000,000 sperm, less than about 500,000 sperm, and about 100,000 An element comprising placing a large number of sperm selected from the group consisting of less than sperm.

    (Item 218) The insemination containment element according to item 217, wherein the sperm cell comprises a sperm cell derived from a male of a mammalian species selected from the group consisting of bovine, horse or pig.

    (Item 219) The insemination containment element according to item 217, wherein the plurality of epididymal sperm cells contained within the reservoir element comprise sex-selected sperm cells derived from a male of a mammalian species, element.

    (Item 220) The fertilization containment element according to item 219, wherein the sex-selected sperm cell derived from a male of the mammalian species is selected from the group consisting of cattle, horses or pigs. Elements, including sperm cells of origin.

    (Item 221) A method for producing a mammal, comprising the following steps:
a. Collecting epididymal sperm cells from males of mammalian species;
b. Establishing an artificial insemination sample;
c. Placing the artificial insemination sample in a catheter;
d. Determining the appropriate fertilization time for said mammalian female;
e. Inserting an optical element into the vagina of the mammalian species of female;
f. Inserting the catheter into the vaginal female into the vagina;
g. Directing the optical element and the catheter through the fold of a female of the mammalian species;
h. Optically locating the female uterine fallopian tube junction of the mammalian species;
i. Positioning the catheter in the vicinity of the uterotubal junction of the female of the mammalian species;
j. Extruding at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample from the catheter;
k. Sucking at least a part of the artificial insemination sample extruded from the catheter to produce a sucked insemination sample;
l. Depositing at least a portion of the aspirated insemination sample in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction of the female of the mammalian species;
m. Withdrawing the optical element and the catheter from the female of the mammalian species;
n. Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species; and
o. Producing a progeny mammal from the fertilized egg;
Including the method.

    222. The method of producing a mammal of claim 221, wherein the step of placing the artificial insemination sample in a catheter comprises the step of placing a small number of sperm in the catheter.

    223. The method of producing a mammal of item 222, wherein the step of placing a small number of sperm in the catheter comprises less than about 10,000,000 sperm, about 5,000,000. Selected from the group consisting of less than sperm, less than about 2,000,000 sperm, less than about 1,000,000 sperm, less than about 500,000 sperm, and less than about 100,000 sperm Placing a large number of spermatozoa to be treated.

    (Item 224) The method for producing a mammal according to item 223, wherein the fertilizing step is performed as follows:
  Fertilizing a female egg of said mammalian species with a success level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or more;
  Using a 500,000,000 equine sperm sample, at a success level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial insemination process having a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or greater, Fertilizing female eggs,
  Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a success level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a statistical β value of at least about 80% or greater;
  Females of the mammalian species at a level of success that is statistically comparable to conventional endometrial insemination processes having both a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or higher and a statistical β value of at least about 80% or higher. Fertilizing the eggs of
Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a success level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a success level selected from the group consisting of:

    225. The method of producing a mammal of item 223, wherein the fertilizing step comprises at least about 75% success rate, at least about 65% success rate of conventional artificial insemination for the mammalian species. A conventional endometrial insemination process having a success level selected from the group consisting of a rate, a success rate of at least about 60%, a success rate of at least about 50%, a success rate of at least about 45%, and at least about 90% Fertilizing female eggs of the mammalian species with a level of success that is statistically comparable to

    (Item 226) The method for producing a mammal according to item 225, wherein the fertilizing step is performed as follows:
  Fertilizing a female egg of said mammalian species with a success level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or more;
  Using a 500,000,000 equine sperm sample, at a success level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial insemination process having a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or greater, Fertilizing female eggs,
  Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a success level that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a statistical β value of at least about 80% or greater;
  Females of the mammalian species at a level of success that is statistically comparable to conventional endometrial insemination processes having both a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or higher and a statistical β value of at least about 80% or higher. Fertilizing the eggs of
Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a success level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a success level selected from the group consisting of:

    (Item 227) A method for producing a mammal according to item 225, wherein the step of collecting sperm cells from a male species of mammal is selected from the group consisting of cattle, horses or pigs Collecting sperm cells from males.

    (Item 228) Hysteroscopic insemination elements, which are as follows:
a. Female uterus of mammalian species;
b. A plurality of sperm cells contained within the uterus; and
c. An aspirated amount of medium that surrounds and is responsive to the sperm cells;
Elements, including

    229. The insemination containment element of claim 228, wherein the plurality of sperm cells contained in the uterus are fewer sperm compared to the number of sperm cells typically found in natural insemination. Elements, including cells.

    230. The insemination containment element of item 229, wherein the number of sperm cells is less than about 10,000,000 compared to the number of sperm cells typically found in said natural insemination. Sperm, less than about 5,000,000 sperm, less than about 2,000,000 sperm, less than about 1,000,000 sperm, less than about 500,000 sperm, and about 100,000 An element comprising a large number of sperm selected from the group consisting of less than sperm.

    (Item 231) The insemination containment element according to item 230, wherein the sperm cell comprises a sperm cell derived from a male of a mammalian species selected from the group consisting of bovine, horse or pig.

    232. The insemination containment element of claim 230, wherein the plurality of sperm cells contained in the uterus comprise sex-selected sperm cells derived from a male of a mammalian species.

    233. Insemination according to item 232, wherein said sex-selected sperm cells derived from a male of a mammalian species comprise sperm cells derived from a male of a mammalian species selected from the group consisting of cattle, horses or pigs. Containment element.

    (Item 234) A method for producing a mammal, the method comprising the following steps:
  a. Collecting sperm cells from pig males;
  b. Establishing an artificial insemination sample having a small number of sperm compared to the natural insemination dose for said pig;
  c. Placing the artificial insemination sample in a catheter;
  d. Determining when a sow will properly become pregnant;
  e. Inserting an optical element into the vagina into the sow;
  f. Inserting the catheter into the vagina into the sow;
  g. Directing the optical element and the catheter through the vagina of the sow;
  h. Optically locating the uterine fallopian tube junction in the sow;
  i. Positioning the catheter proximate the uterine fallopian tube junction in the sow;
  j. Extruding at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample from the catheter;
  k. Placing a small number of sperm cells in the sow near the uterotubal junction;
  l. Withdrawing the optical element and the catheter from the sow;
  m. Fertilizing the sow egg; and
  n. Producing progeny pigs from the fertilized eggs;
Including the method.

    235. The method of producing a mammal of item 234, wherein the step of fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species is at a success level statistically comparable to conventional endometrial artificial insemination, Fertilizing a female egg of said mammalian species.

    236. A method of producing a mammal according to item 235, further comprising the step of classifying said sperm cells by sexual characteristics, wherein a natural insemination dose for said mammal Establishing an artificial insemination sample having a small number of sperm cells compared to the step of establishing a sex-selected artificial insemination sample having a small number of sperm cells compared to a natural insemination dose for said mammal Including the method.

    (Item 237) The method for producing a mammal according to item 236, further comprising the step of freezing the sperm cells.

    (Item 238) The method for producing a mammal according to Item 235, further comprising the step of freezing the sperm cells.

    239. A method for producing a mammal, the method comprising the following steps:
  a. Collecting sperm cells from a male of a mammalian species;
  b. Freezing at least some of the sperm cells to produce a frozen insemination sample;
  c. Thawing at least some of the frozen insemination samples to produce artificial insemination samples;
  d. Placing the artificial insemination sample in a catheter;
  e. Determining when the female of the mammalian species is properly pregnant;
  f. Inserting an optical element into the vagina into the female of the mammalian species;
  g. Inserting the catheter into the vagina into the female of the mammalian species;
  h. Directing the optical element and the catheter through the vagina of the female of the mammalian species;
  i. Optically locating the female uterine fallopian tube junction of the mammalian species;
  j. Positioning the catheter in the vicinity of the uterotubal junction of the female of the mammalian species;
  k. Withdrawing at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample from the catheter;
  l. Depositing at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample in the vicinity of the uterine fallopian junction of a female of the mammalian species;
  m. Withdrawing the optical element and the catheter from a female of the mammalian species;
  n. Fertilizing female eggs of the mammalian species; and
  o. Producing offspring mammals from the fertilized eggs;
Including the method.

    240. The method of producing a mammal of item 239, wherein the step of fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species is at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process. Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species.

    241. A method of producing a mammal according to item 239 or 240, wherein the step of placing the artificial insemination sample in a catheter comprises the step of placing a small number of sperm in the catheter. Method.

    242. The method of producing a mammal of claim 241, wherein the step of placing a small number of sperm in the catheter comprises less than about 10,000,000 sperm, less than about 5,000,000. A number of sperm selected from the group consisting of less than about 2,000,000 sperm, less than about 1,000,000 sperm, less than about 500,000 sperm, and less than about 100,000 sperm. A method comprising the step of arranging.

    (Item 243) A method for producing the mammal according to item 242, wherein the step of insemination is as follows:
  Fertilizing a female egg of said mammalian species at a success level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or greater;
  Females of the mammalian species using a 500,000,000 equine sperm sample at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or greater. The process of insemination of eggs,
  Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a success level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a statistical beta value of at least about 80% or greater;
  Females of the mammalian species at a level of success that is statistically comparable to conventional endometrial insemination processes having both a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or higher and a statistical β value of at least about 80% or higher. The process of insemination of eggs,
Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a success level determined statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process with a success level determined from the group consisting of:

    244. A method of producing a mammal according to item 242, wherein the step of insemination is at least about 75% successful, at least about 65% successful for conventional artificial insemination for the mammalian species. Statistics on a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process with a success level selected from the group consisting of a rate, a success rate of at least about 60%, a success rate of at least about 50%, a success rate of at least about 45%, and at least about 90% Fertilizing female eggs of said mammalian species with a scientifically comparable level of success.

    (Item 245) The method for producing a mammal according to item 244, wherein the step of insemination is as follows:
  Fertilizing a female egg of said mammalian species at a success level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or greater;
  Females of the mammalian species using a 500,000,000 equine sperm sample at a level of success that is statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or greater. The process of insemination of eggs,
  Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a success level statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process having a statistical beta value of at least about 80% or greater;
  Females of the mammalian species at a level of success that is statistically comparable to conventional endometrial insemination processes having both a statistical P value of at least about 0.05 or higher and a statistical β value of at least about 80% or higher. The process of insemination of eggs,
Fertilizing a female egg of the mammalian species with a success level determined statistically comparable to a conventional endometrial artificial insemination process with a success level determined from the group consisting of:

    246. A method of producing a mammal according to item 244, wherein the step of collecting sperm cells from a male of the mammalian species is selected from the group consisting of cattle, horses or pigs. Collecting sperm cells from males.

    247. A method of producing a mammal according to item 244, wherein the method further comprises the step of classifying the sperm cells by sexual characteristics and comparing to a natural insemination dose for the mammal. Establishing an artificial insemination sample having a small number of sperm comprises establishing a sex-selected artificial insemination sample having a small number of sperm compared to a natural insemination dose for the mammal, Method.

    248. A method of producing a mammal according to item 247, wherein the step of collecting sperm cells from a male of the mammalian species comprises a mammalian species selected from the group consisting of cattle, horses or pigs. Collecting sperm cells from the male.

    (Item 249) An animal produced using the process according to items 1 to 248.

(Mode for carrying out the present invention)
The basic concept of the invention can be implemented in many different ways. The concepts of the present invention can include materials, elements, apparatus, devices and methods for the production of mammals via artificial insemination. Furthermore, although one preferred embodiment of the present invention may be particularly concerned with the production of horses via artificial insemination, the broad concept of the present invention is generally and, as indicated, other mammals such as cattle and pigs. It should be construed as disclosure of mammalian production for animal species.

  As will be appreciated, the invention includes various aspects that can be used in various combinations depending on the needs of the application. The present invention is intended to encompass various embodiments of mammalian production and combinations thereof. The present invention encompasses both methods and devices for achieving the various aspects described. Moreover, although several methods and devices are disclosed, it should be understood that these can vary. Importantly, for all the above, all aspects are encompassed by this patent, both independently and in combination, as set forth in the claims issued now or later. It should be understood.

  Thus, one embodiment of the present invention may provide for collection of sperm cells from males of the species of interest. According to one embodiment, sperm cells are collected from one or more stallions of equine breed. According to this embodiment, sperm can be collected, and in a preferred embodiment, sperm can be collected from a known acceptable fertility, perhaps at least one stallion, using a commercially available artificial vagina. Artificial vaginas such as those made available by Animal Production Systems can be used with in-line gel filters and in preferred embodiments are used every other day during collection. After collection, sperm can be evaluated for gel-free volume, motility, and sperm concentration. According to another preferred embodiment, sperm cells can be collected from other male species of mammals, in particular bovine, horse or pig species. Alternative embodiments of the present invention may provide for the collection of epididymal sperm cells obtained from the epididymis of a male male species testis. Alternative embodiments that provide for the use of epididymal sperm can be incorporated into all of the other embodiments disclosed herein, either singly or in combination. In addition, the present invention provides specific embodiments of a hysteroscopic insemination sample comprising a reservoir element, a catheter system to which the reservoir element responds, and a plurality of epididymal sperm cells contained within the reservoir element.

  After sperm collection, an artificial insemination sample can be established for insemination of female species. According to one embodiment of the invention, the sample can be prepared to have a low number of sperm compared to the natural insemination dose for a mammal. This sample may have a low number of sperm for a particular mating technique, and according to a preferred embodiment, this sample will have a low number of sperm, particularly as a result of screening sperm for sex selection. Can have. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, sperm can be stained with Hoechst 33342 and using a commercially available SX MoFlo® sperm sorter, based on DNA content, X chromosome population and Y chromosome Can be sorted into holding population.

  Further, artificial insemination samples can be established in multiple volumes, depending on the preferred embodiment, in volumes between about 30 μl and 150 μl, less than about 500 μl, about 230 μl, and about 100 μl. One embodiment of the present invention is a fertilization sample in a volume compatible with hysteroscopic insemination, preferably a volume selected from the group consisting of between about 30 μl and 150 μl, less than about 500 μl, about 230 μl, and about 100 μl. Related to establishing. The invention further relates to a hysteroscopic insemination sample comprising a reservoir element, a catheter system to which the reservoir element responds, and a hysteroscopic compatible volume of sperm contained within the reservoir element. The hysteroscopic compatible volume of sperm contained within the reservoir element may comprise a volume selected from the group consisting of between about 30 μl and 150 μl, less than about 500 μl, about 230 μl, and about 100 μl.

  Next, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the artificial insemination sample can be placed in a catheter or catheter system. According to alternative embodiments, the sample may be placed in a reservoir element or other sample holding element that is responsive to the catheter or catheter system. A catheter or catheter system should be understood to allow any device, system, or method of insertion to be defined within a tube, vessel, passage, or body cavity to allow infusion or withdrawal of fluids, and preferred implementations. In form, such injection or withdrawal may provide a response of the reservoir element or sample holding element or keep the passage open.

  Preferably, the catheter or catheter system is used in combination with a guide element, and in a preferred embodiment is used in combination with an optical element or device, and in a preferred embodiment, is used in combination with an illumination element, according to the following: As specifically described, guidance may be provided in an artificial insemination procedure. Preferred embodiments may provide strobing of the illumination element. However, manual guidance can also be implemented. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the insemination sample is transferred to the equine GIFT catheter (2) (Cook Veterinary Products, Brisbane, Australia), preferably at the distal end (8 ) Can be aspirated using a 6 mL disposable syringe (4) attached to the injection port (6). The loaded catheter can be withdrawn into the tube, or preferably into the outer polypropylene cannula (10), which can respond to the optical element (12), and according to a preferred embodiment, the Pentax EPM 3000 Threaded along the working channel of a video endoscope (Pentax UK Ltd, Slowh, Bucks UK).

  Thus, the time, time point or duration at which artificial insemination may be appropriate can be determined. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the determination can be made with respect to the time of estrus for the female mammal. According to one embodiment of the invention, the estrus period can be induced to determine the estrus time point and can even be synchronized for multiple female horses. Estrus can be defined as a state in which a female mammal can become pregnant, and the estrous cycle can be defined as a correlated phenomenon of the female mammal's endocrine and reproductive systems, potentially one of the estrous phases. From the start of a period to the start of the next period. According to a preferred embodiment, the estrus phase is administered a substance such as progestagen, preferably female equine altrenogest, and preferably 10 ml orally, potentially for 10 consecutive days, followed by Can be induced and synchronized to multiple female mammals by administering 250 μg of cloprostenol intramuscularly, potentially on day 11. Furthermore, female mammals can be induced to ovulate at the time of insemination. Ovulation can be induced and, in a preferred embodiment, by administering 3000 iu human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, Chorulon, Intervet, Inc., Millsboro, Holland), preferably up to the time of insemination or about 8 hours before And administered intravenously). Ovulation can be induced even in preferred embodiments by administration of about 2000 to about 5000 iu of human chorionic gonadotropin.

  In a preferred embodiment, the estrous cycle is achieved by daily administration of synthetic progestagenaltrenogest (0.044 mg / kg oral, Regumate; Hoechst Roussel Vet, Warren, New Jersey, USA) for 10 consecutive days, Can be synchronized. Luteus melting can be induced in preferred embodiments by administering the prostaglandin analog cloprostenol (250 μg Estrumate, intramuscular; Bayer Corporation, Agricultural Division, Shawnee Mission, Kansas, USA) on day 11.

  The point at which a female mammal is properly fertilized can be determined. The ovary can be tested, and in a preferred embodiment is examined by ultrasonography, and is preferably tested until a vesicle is detected, and according to a preferred embodiment, a dominant vesicle (preferably Can be tested every two days until a diameter of 30 mm or more) is detected. This female can be tested, preferably before ovulation, until vesicles of preferably 35 mm or more are detected. In one embodiment, the female is inseminated during the same day as induction or synchronization of estrus, during the same day as induction or synchronization of ovulation, or during the same day as induction or synchronization of estrus and insemination. obtain.

  Next, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, the guide element, and in a preferred embodiment, the optical element (12) may be inserted intravaginally into the female. Furthermore, the catheter (2), and in the preferred embodiment a reservoir element, can be inserted female. The order of insertion of the optical element (12) and the catheter (2) may be sequential or simultaneous.

  The guide or optical element (12) and catheter (2) can then be guided through the female vagina (20), as shown in FIG. According to one embodiment, the optical element (12) and the catheter (2) can be guided manually. Indeed, the catheter (2) can be manually guided without the optical element (12). However, the possibility of producing increased conception rates, particularly for the accuracy of finding UTJs and the overall potential efficacy of low numbers of sperm and procedures, may require more accurate guidance procedures. In a preferred embodiment, an optical element or endoscope (preferably a flexible endoscope) (in a preferred embodiment having an outer diameter of 12 mm and a length of 1.6 m) is placed in the neck (22 ) And propelled through the uterine cavity (24) or, in further embodiments, through such female uterine horns. A further advantage of using video endoscopes may be that the insemination process need not be guided rectally, as may be required in past efforts by those skilled in the art.

  The female uterine fallopian tube junction (UJT) (30) can then be localized, preferably optically using the optical element (12). The catheter (2) can then be positioned near or near the uterine fallopian junction. According to a preferred embodiment, the endoscope can be positioned under visual control, ipsilaterally along the uterine horn (26), into the ovary containing pre-ovulatory vesicles (28). Preferably, the endoscope tip is positioned proximal to the uterine fallopian junction and in preferred embodiments is located within about 3-5 cm of the uterine fallopian junction and in preferred embodiments. Can be located within about 3-5 cm of the nipple (32) of the uterine fallopian junction.

  Then, at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample can be extruded from the catheter (2). According to a preferred embodiment, the outer cannula (10) (there is an inner GIFT catheter (2) containing sperm suspension) until the tip of the GIFT catheter touches the uterine fallopian junction and the preferred embodiment At the working channel of the endoscope until it touches the teat. According to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, a portion or at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample may be aspirated during extrusion from the catheter, thereby potentially creating an aspirated sample. It should be understood that such aspirated samples include bubble samples and foam samples. The aspirated sample may not only provide better adhesion to the surface near the UTJ, but may further allow improved conception rates. In addition, embodiments of the present invention provide a hysteroscopic insemination element that surrounds or intersperses a female uterus of a mammalian species, a plurality of sperm cells contained within the uterus, and sperm cells. And an aspirated volume of medium to which the sperm cells respond. Such alternative embodiments are to be construed as disclosed for all embodiments of the invention, either singly or in combination, and are construed as disclosed per se. Should.

  A low number of sperm may be placed near the uterine fallopian junction. According to a preferred embodiment, the plunger of the syringe (4) can be depressed to place the sample, and in certain embodiments, a small volume (preferably about 100 μl) of the sample, preferably the nipple Put on the surface. The guide element, and in a preferred embodiment the optical element (12), and the catheter (2) can be withdrawn from the uterus of a female mammal. According to a preferred embodiment, filtered air can be introduced into the female uterus to facilitate passage of the instrument through the uterine cavity. Furthermore, according to a preferred embodiment, the filtered air can be withdrawn from the uterus, preferably simultaneously with the withdrawal of the optical element (12) and the catheter (2).

  Placing a low number of spermatozoa, in one preferred embodiment of the present invention, uses a catheter (2) to create a large number of sperm (preferably less than about 10 million sperm, less than about 5 million sperm, about 200 A number selected from the group consisting of less than 10,000 sperm, less than about 1 million sperm, less than about 500,000 sperm, and less than about 100,000 sperm.

Subsequently, fertilization of female eggs can occur and production of progeny mammals from the fertilized eggs can occur. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the success level of fertilization may be statistically comparable to a conventional uterine body artificial insemination process. A statistically comparable success level is a success rate of at least about 75%, a success rate of at least about 65% of the success rate actually experienced using conventional AI for any particular species, A conception rate with a success rate of at least about 60%, a success rate of at least about 50%, a success rate of at least about 45%, and a success rate of at least about 90% can be defined. Further, the success level of the present invention may be statistically comparable to the traditional uterine body artificial insemination process over samples of cumulative fertilization greater than about 100, greater than about 500, and greater than about 1000. The success rate may further provide a statistically at least statistical level of confidence of at least about 95% confidence (potentially, P is expressed as greater than or equal to about 0.05), thus Is potentially statistically comparable to that of AI. Furthermore, the success rate of the present invention is potentially the same P value over a range of different sperm counts (potentially, for example, 1 × 10 ⁶ sperm, 5 × 10 ⁶ sperm, or 10 × 10 ⁶ sperm for horses). Can have. In addition, the level or rate of success may be expressed in terms of sample size, whereby the present invention, in a preferred embodiment, over any of the above success rates over a power calculation (β) of at least about 80%. Can provide. Furthermore, success rates can be applied to even low numbers of sperm, and, routinely, for certain species, taking into account specific insemination doses for male and female screened stallion sperm in preferred embodiments. A conception rate of at least about 90% of the rate resulting from conventional artificial insemination can occur. Furthermore, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, previous success rates can be achieved even for mammalian species such as cattle, horses, and pigs.

  With regard to sperm viability, longevity and motility, for example, the present invention may provide for the establishment of an artificial insemination sample that utilizes fresh sperm. The term “fresh sperm” is broadly defined as sperm that has not been treated, processed, or stored in any manner that may impair the viability, longevity and / or motility of the sperm. Can be defined. Such processing, processing or storage may include, for example, sperm sorting, sperm freezing and subsequent thawing, sperm dilution and resuspension, and motility and viability testing or separation (in particular, the Percoll gradient). Processing). The use of fresh sperm according to embodiments of the invention herein may allow the use of a low number of sperm for insemination, for example, even when the quality of the collected sperm used is poor.

  Alternative embodiments of the present invention may provide a wide range of insemination sperm processing, processing and storage. Alternative embodiments of the invention may provide for selection of collected sperm cells that are more likely to achieve insemination, for example. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the selection of the desired sperm cell or sperm cell that is more likely to achieve insemination may include the step of concentrating the collected more motile sperm. Further embodiments may provide for centrifuging sperm over a density gradient and, in a preferred embodiment, a Percoll gradient. A potentially preferred embodiment may use a 90: 45% Percoll gradient. Further embodiments may include limiting the concentration to less than about twice the starting concentration. It should be understood that performing a Percoll gradient involves the use of Percoll before or after sperm processing, and in particular potentially before or after sorting. Thus, according to embodiments herein, the Percoll gradient procedure can be used with “fresh sperm”. Samples established from the desired sperm cells or selected sperm cells can be used to establish artificial insemination samples, which potentially means a higher rate of sample viability. Increase conception rate, at least in part. The Percoll gradient procedure according to the present invention can be performed in combination with the use of a lower number of sperm placed in a deposition catheter, as described more specifically above.

  Furthermore, the establishment of an artificial insemination sample can be provided by establishing a sample with a medium that is compatible with the hysteroscope, thereby providing a potential increase in fertilization rate and an effective insemination procedure. More particularly, embodiments of the present invention establish an artificial insemination sample (in a preferred embodiment, having a small number of sperm compared to the natural insemination dose), and potentially prior to further processing, Establishing artificial insemination sample compatible media (eg, extenders, and in preferred embodiments, skim milk media (eg, EZ-Mixin CST® (Animal Production Systems, Chino, Calif.)), Preferably as dilution media. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dilution is carried out at a ratio of at most 2: 1, a ratio of at most 5: 1 and up to a ratio of at most 10: 1 A volume and medium compatible with at least a hysteroscope can potentially be achieved. The described embodiment uses an extender (potentially first after the sperm processing, potentially first to establish a sample utilizing a hysteroscopic-compatible medium, as described above. A second extender provided in combination with the extender of the second extender, which can be used to resuspend the sperm sample after treatment, and more particularly, Samples can be provided using media compatible with the hysteroscope According to a preferred embodiment, the media or second extender can comprise TALP media, HEPES buffered tyrode media, Androhep media. According to a preferred embodiment, the dilution is performed with skimmed milk media (eg EZ-Mixin CST®), TALP media, HEPES buffered Tyrode media, And Androhep media can be used either alone or in combination to potentially achieve at least a hysteroscopic compatible volume and media with appropriate concentrations.

  Further embodiments of the invention may also utilize hysteroscopic compatible medium (s) having coordinated viscosity on the catheter to provide artificial insemination samples. This viscosity can potentially facilitate, for example, the process of extruding and depositing the sample. Further, in accordance with a potentially preferred embodiment of the present invention, the use of the compatible medium (s) is preferably higher than the approximate viscosity of mammalian blood or higher than the approximate viscosity of saline. Viscous artificial insemination samples can be made. In addition, further embodiments each include a compatible medium having a viscosity greater than about 100 cp, a medium having a viscosity greater than about 300 cp, a medium having a viscosity greater than about 1000 cp, about 3000 cp, each at an average body temperature of the mammal. A medium having a high viscosity and a medium having a viscosity higher than about 6000 cp may be provided.

  Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention may provide a hysteroscopic fertilization sample, which comprises a reservoir element, a catheter system responsive to the reservoir element, a plurality of sperm cells contained within the reservoir element, and the reservoir A hysteroscopic-compatible medium that is contained in the element and is responsive to these sperm cells. According to a further embodiment, these multiple sperm cells are contained within this reservoir element, the insemination containment is a small number compared to the number of sperm cells typically found in natural insemination. Sperm cells can be included.

  Alteration of the characteristics of a fertilized semen sample or sperm cell sample can be performed in accordance with the present invention and, according to a preferred embodiment, determines the time of estrus of a female of that mammalian species and then the artificial insemination sample approximately at that time of estrus. This can be done by changing the characteristics of the artificial insemination semen to establish. Alternative embodiments may provide for changing the characteristics of the sample at approximately the time that it has been determined to be adequately fertile for that species of female, as defined above. The present invention may also provide for initiating a change in the properties of fertilized semen within a time selected from: about 24 hours after it has been determined to be properly fertile for a female of that mammalian species Within about 12 hours from the time when it was determined to be properly fertile for females of that mammalian species; within about 8 hours of the time when it was determined to be properly fertile for females of that mammalian species; Within about 3 hours of time determined to be properly fertile for females of that mammalian species; and within about 1 hour of time determined to be properly fertile for females of that mammalian species. This change may consist of sample preparation, sperm sorting, sperm thawing and the like.

One particular embodiment of the present invention may provide for establishment of a hysteroscopic-compatible medium and sperm enrichment to select sperm that may achieve more insemination. In particular, one potentially preferred embodiment of the present invention may provide for the preparation of semen by centrifugation. Semen can preferably be diluted in a commercially available skim milk extender (eg, EZ-Mixin CST® (Animal Production Systems, Chino, Calif.)) To provide, for example, 100 × 10 ⁶ sperm / ml. . If desired, the sperm suspension can be protected and maintained from light, preferably at room temperature (20 ° C. to 25 ° C.) for 6 hours to simulate the latency required for sperm sorting. . The sperm suspension is then centrifuged through a discontinuous density gradient of 90: 45% Percoll (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) to reconcentrate the cells and sperm A highly mobile fraction can be potentially selected. 90% Percoll can be diluted in a 1: 1 (v / v) ratio with HEPES buffered tyrode medium (Glondahl et al., 1996) to make a 45% solution. In a preferably 15 mL centrifuge tube, preferably 1 mL of 45% Percoll can be carefully overlaid, preferably on top of 1 mL of 90% Percoll. Preferably 1 mL of sperm suspension (100 × 10 ⁶ sperm / mL in EZ-Mixin, CST) can be layered on top of the Percoll layer and the centrifuge tube centrifuged at 800 × g for a preferred period of 12 minutes. Can do. After centrifugation, the supernatant can be completely removed and the pellet can be resuspended in preferably 600 μl of HEPES buffered tyrode medium. According to one embodiment, sperm concentration is determined using a hydrometer (534B MOD-1, Animal Production Systems, Chino, CA) and the potential capacity to deliver 5 million sperm (potential Can preferably be calculated and prepared for insemination.

  In accordance with a broad aspect of the present invention, one embodiment of the present invention provides for placing a catheter near a female UTJ of a mammalian species, whereby the catheter is proximate to the uterine fallopian junction. Inserted under the surface. At least a portion of the sample can be extruded or deposited in the vicinity of the subsurface UTJ.

  One embodiment of the present invention provides for the collection of sperm cells from a male of a mammalian species, establishment of an artificial insemination sample that utilizes at least some of the collected sperm cells, and placement of the artificial insemination sample on a catheter. . The point at which the female is properly fertile can be determined as described above. The optical element (12) and catheter (2) can be inserted into the vagina and guided through the vagina, as shown in FIG. The UTJ can be optically positioned by the optical element (12).

  The catheter can be inserted under the surface (34) in the vicinity of the UTJ (30), as shown in FIG. At least a portion of the artificial insemination sample can be extruded below the surface in the vicinity of the UTJ, thus forming a “bulge” with the sample encased between the layers. A deposit of at least a portion of the artificial insemination sample may be provided below the surface (34) in the vicinity of the UTJ. The surface (34) may include the endometrium or other part of the uterus or the uterine lining. In one preferred embodiment, the catheter can be inserted so that certain parts of the uterus are not punctured, and according to one embodiment, the angioplasty part of the uterus can be inserted so that it is not pierced. According to one particular embodiment, the vascularized portion of the uterus that may not be perforated may include, for example, the uterine uterine uterine or myometrial portion, or other vascularized portion. . The optical element and catheter can then be withdrawn from the female and fertilization of the female egg can occur, after which production of the offspring mammal can be expected from the fertilized egg.

  Embodiments of the present invention may also include a guide element (or video endoscope or cannula in a preferred embodiment), a reservoir element responsive to the guide element, and an extrusion element responsive to the reservoir element (or preferred embodiment). And a potentially corresponding insemination catheter having a cell puncture tip (36) placed in front of the reservoir element. The catheter may further provide a piercing depth control element (eg, an adjustment element or stop on the tip that is located proximate to the piercing tip (36)). One embodiment of the insemination catheter of the present invention is shown in FIG.

  As described above and according to the subsurface extrusion and deposition fertilization system in the vicinity of the UTJ described above, a number of steps to produce a mammal can be performed. A small number of sperm can be placed in the catheter (2), and in a preferred embodiment, preferably the number can be selected from: less than 10 million sperm, less than 5 million sperm, 2 million Less than 1 sperm, less than 1 million sperm, less than 500,000 sperm, and less than 100,000 sperm. Furthermore, egg fertilization can be performed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, where the success level of fertilization can be statistically comparable to conventional endometrial artificial insemination processes. A statistically comparable success level can be defined as above.

  In addition, sperm cells can be collected from males of mammalian species, including, in alternative embodiments of the invention, cattle, horses or pigs. In accordance with an alternative embodiment of the present invention, sperm cells may be selected from the collected cells for cells that are likely to achieve more fertilization, as described above.

  Thus, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, an insemination containment element is provided, which is preferably a cell basal surface (in certain embodiments, the uterine lining, or according to a preferred embodiment, uterine angiogenesis). Between the cell base surface and the cell coat surface (in certain embodiments, the endometrium or the endometrium), the cell base surface adjacent to the cell base surface (eg, the endometrium or myometrium) A substantially encapsulated region between (positioned in the vicinity of the UTJ, according to a preferred embodiment), and sperm cells from that type of male. Preferred embodiments also utilize a small number of sperm (located within that volume) and a sperm releasing element (adjacent to that volume) through which sperm can pass as compared to natural fertilization. Sperm can be collected and selected for fertilization capacity, (possibly) for epididymal origin (or even), or for any other restriction discussed above. The sperm-releasing element can include a break in the endometrial surface of the uterus, as shown in FIG. 3, or can simply be caused by diffusion or the like.

  In addition, other potentially independent procedures can be incorporated into the present invention and still be considered within the scope of the present invention. Such a procedure may include sorting sperm cells by sexual characteristics, thereby establishing a sex-sorted artificial insemination sample, and in a preferred embodiment compared to the natural insemination dose for that mammal. It may be mentioned to establish a low-dose sex-selective artificial insemination sample using a low sperm count. Furthermore, storage or freezing of sperm cells and subsequent thawing can be achieved in certain embodiments, particularly with respect to various mammals such as horses, cows and pigs. The deposition of the fertilized sample can be processed or aspirated in any manner, can be deposited in the crypt or fold of the UTJ, and can provide preservation of some type of sperm for subsequent fertilization. Establishing a fertilized sperm or fertilized sample that utilizes a compatible medium in a volume compatible with the hysteroscope may further provide cooling of the sperm or sample at room temperature. Centrifugation can preferably be performed with a Percoll gradient at 200 × g for about 5 minutes and 800 × g for about 10 minutes. According to a preferred embodiment, the concentration of more mobile sperm can be limited to concentration to less than about twice the starting concentration. In particular, it is understood that the broad concepts and detailed concepts embodied in the present invention apply to other mammalian species, including horses, cows and pigs. Finally, the present invention, which is partly related to the production of progeny mammals, can be considered to disclose embodiments of animals produced utilizing a process as described in any of the above method claims.

  According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sorting is specifically the collection of sperm cells from males of mammalian species, the selection of sperm cells according to sex-specific characteristics, the establishment of a sorted sex-specific artificial insemination sample, to the catheter Of selected sex-specific artificial insemination samples, which can be incorporated into methods of producing mammals in various other aspects of the invention disclosed herein.

  As can be readily appreciated from the foregoing, the basic concepts of the present invention can be embodied in various ways. This includes both insemination techniques and devices to achieve proper insemination. In this application, insemination techniques are disclosed as part of the results shown to be achieved by the various devices described and as a process specific to utilization. These are merely natural results utilizing these devices, as intended and described. In addition, although several devices are disclosed, it should be understood that these not only accomplish specific methods, but can be varied in many ways. Significantly, for all of the foregoing, it should be understood that all of these aspects are encompassed by the present disclosure.

  The discussion contained in this application is intended to serve as a basic explanation. The reader should be aware that specific discussions may not clearly describe all possible embodiments; many alternatives are implied. This discussion may also not fully describe the general nature of the invention, and each feature or element actually represents a wider function or more various alternative or equivalent elements. It may not be clear how it can be represented. These are also implicitly included in the present specification. The present invention has been described in device-related terminology, where each element of the device can implicitly function. Not only are device claims included for these described devices, but also method claims and process claims can be included for the invention and the functions each element can perform. Neither these descriptions nor the terminology are intended to limit the scope of the claims contained in this patent application.

  It should also be understood that various changes can be made without departing from the essence of the invention. Such changes are also implicitly included in the description. These are still within the scope of the present invention.

  In addition, each of the various elements of the invention and the claims can also be accomplished in various ways. It is understood that the present disclosure encompasses each such variation (any device embodiment, method or process embodiment variation, or even just a variation of any of these elements). Should. In particular, with respect to disclosure relating to elements of the present invention, it is understood that the words for each element may be represented by equivalent device or method terms (even if only their function or result is the same). Should. Such equivalent terms, broader terms, or more general terms should be considered to be included in the description of each element or action. Such terms may be substituted where it is desired to clarify the implicitly broad scope to which this invention is entitled.

  It should be understood that, but only one example, all actions can be expressed as a means for obtaining that action or as an element that produces that action. Similarly, each physical element disclosed should be understood to encompass a disclosure of the action that the physical element facilitates. With respect to this last aspect, it is only an example, but it is understood that the disclosure of “extruder” includes disclosure of the “push” action, whether or not explicitly discussed. It should be done, and conversely, where there is only a disclosure of the action of “extruding”, it is understood that such disclosure encompasses the disclosure of “extruder” and even the disclosure of “means for extruding” It should be. It should be understood that such changes and alternative terms are expressly included herein.

  Any effects of laws, statutes, regulations or rules mentioned in this patent application, or patents, publications or other cited references mentioned in this patent application are hereby incorporated by reference. Further, for each term used, it is understood that a general dictionary definition is included for each term and all definitions, so long as its use in this application is consistent with such an interpretation. It is understood that alternative terms and synonyms such as those included in the Webster Dictionary (2nd edition) are hereby incorporated by reference. However, for each of the above, such description has been made by the applicant to the extent that the information and description incorporated by reference may be deemed to be inconsistent with this / patenting of these inventions. It should not be clearly regarded as a thing.

  Accordingly, Applicants have at least i) each insemination device disclosed and described herein, ii) related methods disclosed and described, and iii) each of these devices and methods. Iv) similar variations, equivalent variations, and even implicit variations, iv) those alternative designs that achieve each function shown, disclosed and described, and v) what is disclosed and described Vi) alternative features and components shown as separate independent inventions, vii) the various systems or configurations disclosed, Components-enhanced applications, viii) resulting products produced by such systems or components, and ix) to claim the methods and apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described and any of the appended examples and apparatus and x) various combinations and variations of each of the disclosed elements. It should be understood that it has the support of

  Further, when used, the temporary phrase “includes (includes)” maintains the “unlimited (open-ended)” claims herein, in accordance with the interpretation of the prior claims. Used to do. Thus, unless the context requires otherwise, the term “comprises” or variations thereof (comprises or comprising) includes the inclusion of the described element or step or group of elements or steps. It is intended to include, but is not intended to include the exclusion of any other element or step or group of elements or steps. Such terms should be construed in their broadest form so as to give the applicant the broadest legal acceptance.

  As used in the following description and claims, the term “at least one” means in this disclosure that other claims or explanations that do not include the term “at least one” refer to one or more similar elements. It should also be noted that it is not intended to imply that it cannot be included, nor is it used as such. More specifically, the term “at least one” refers to an “unlimited (open-ended)” claim that inherently includes a device or method having additional elements or steps separate from the claimed elements or steps, Devices or methods having additional elements are not intended to be used and are not used as such to “restricted (closed end)” claims not covered by such claims. Thus, when used, the use of the temporary phrase “includes” maintains the “unlimited (open-ended)” claims herein, in accordance with the interpretation of the prior claims. Used to do.

  (I. Patent Literature)

  (II. Other documents (including author, title, date, related pages, etc.))

FIG. 1 is a partially exploded perspective view of an optical element, cannula, catheter, and syringe, according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the female reproductive organs of a mammalian species and in particular an artificial insemination representation according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic diagram of an embodiment of the wrapped artificial insemination of the present invention.

Claims (1)

A mammalian female hysteroscopic insemination system as described in the specification.

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