JP2008092927A - Method for producing ethanol - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing ethanol by using raw materials containing starchy materials and the raw materials containing cellulose, selected from food waste materials conveyed to a waste material-treating facility selectively and in view of the effective utilization of resources, improving production efficiency by using each of suitable methods in the waste materia-treating facility adopting a conventional waste material recovering system and using the waste material-treating facility as it is. <P>SOLUTION: This method for producing ethanol is provided with that each of the suitable methods is used for performing the alcohol fermentation of the raw materials selected from the food residues conveyed into the waste material-treating facility selectively, a solid fermentation method containing a relatively small water content is used for the raw materials containing the starchy materials, and an alcohol conversion method with microorganisms is used for the raw materials containing the cellulose. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present invention relates to an ethanol production method in a waste treatment facility, and relates to an ethanol production system that produces ethanol more efficiently than garbage of animal and vegetable residues.

In recent years, a method for producing ethanol from biomass resources such as waste materials, rice straw, wheat straw, sugarcane, corn and waste paper discharged from construction and lumber mills has been proposed.
By the way, the state of discharge of food waste in Japan is 16 million tons of general waste, of which 6 million tons for general business and 10 million tons from household, and are discharged from the food manufacturing industry Food waste is 3.4 million tons. Total emissions are 19.4 million tons, of which 91% is incinerated and only 9% is converted to recycling.

Currently, a law on the promotion of reuse of food recycling resources (Food Recycling Law) has been put in place, and food-related businesses must control, recycle, and reduce the amount of food waste discharged from the establishment. .

In particular, a technique for reusing resources as much as possible is desired. A method for producing ethanol from food waste has already been put into practical use. For example, in a method of producing by fermentation using raw materials containing starch, ethanol production method and ethanol production system that does not generate waste liquid during ethanol production process, and conventional food waste (cellulosic waste) ) In the method of producing ethanol, fermentation is performed using a saccharification step in which an enzyme solution is allowed to act on cellulosic waste to produce sugar, and a sugar-containing solution containing the sugar produced in this saccharification step. Thus, a method for obtaining alcohol is disclosed.
JP 2002-159954 A JP 2005-65695 A

However, in the method described in Patent Document 2, ethanol is produced using only raw materials containing starch residue of food residues.

The present invention is based on the problems of the alcohol fermentation method described above, and uses the existing waste collection system and waste treatment facility as they are, and the raw material containing starch in the garbage of the collected food residue is used. Used to produce alcohol fermentation by solid-state fermentation, and a production method of converting sugar to alcohol by microorganisms using a raw material containing cellulose in the garbage of recovered food residue, and ethanol by a suitable method. An object of the present invention is to provide an ethanol production system that can improve the production efficiency and greatly increase production.

In order to achieve the above object, the ethanol production system in the waste treatment facility of the present invention selectively includes raw garbage from the food waste carried into the waste treatment facility, and includes a raw material containing starch and cellulose. Sort into raw materials. It is characterized in that the raw materials are reused as much as possible by using different production methods for each of the raw materials, thereby making it possible to greatly increase ethanol production and use.

In this case, pellets are formed using raw materials containing starch from raw garbage, and koji molds are inoculated into the pellets to obtain koji. Fermented moromi composed of the koji, yeast and a minimum amount of water is used to ferment in a solid state from fermentation to completion. The fermentation mash after completion of fermentation is distilled by the fermentation method to recover ethanol. Moreover, the method of saccharifying using the raw material containing the cellulose in raw garbage is the method of saccharifying by the method of saccharifying using a cellulase type or amylase type enzyme agent, and the method of heating and pressurizing using sulfuric acid. However, this is not particularly limited. In the present invention, cellulose is not subjected to alcohol fermentation using yeast after saccharification treatment, but an alcohol conversion step by Rite bacteria, which is a microorganism that converts sugars developed by the Global Environmental Industrial Technology Research Organization into alcohol. Two types of ethanol production systems provided with the above are provided.
The light bacteria can dramatically improve the efficiency of alcohol conversion as compared with the conventional cellulose-based bioethanol production process.

According to the ethanol production system in the waste treatment facility of the present invention, the raw material containing starch and cellulose is selectively selected from the food waste carried into the waste treatment facility, while alcohol fermentation is performed with a moisture content of water. Relatively few solid fermentation methods are used, and the other uses an alcohol conversion method using a microorganism, Rite, to perform distillation and produce ethanol with high efficiency. This means that existing materials can be used as waste recovery systems and waste treatment facilities, so that it is possible to efficiently secure raw materials suitable for ethanol production without the need for new recovery systems and transportation costs. .

In the present invention, since the alcohol fermentation is carried out by the solid fermentation method, the solid residue f after distillation contains abundant proteins derived from yeast and koji mold, and therefore can be used as livestock feed. Moreover, the residue b etc. after decomposing cellulose are utilized as private fuel.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of an ethanol production system in a waste treatment facility of the present invention will be described based on a flow sheet of an ethanol production process shown in FIG.

The raw material containing starch and the raw material containing cellulosic material are selected from the animal and vegetable residues brought into the waste treatment facility, and generated and processed using an existing system. For example, for raw materials containing starch, alcohol fermentation is performed by solid fermentation, and for raw materials containing cellulose, saccharification is performed using enzymes, sulfuric acid, and the like, and ethanol is produced by alcohol conversion using microorganisms. In addition, as a garbage / raw material collection system, it is not necessary to create a new waste collection system since it is collected using an existing waste collection / transport system.

Garbage A is dropped into the aquarium from animal and vegetable residues brought into a waste disposal facility by garbage trucks, etc., and is classified into raw material B containing starch and raw material C containing cellulosic material by floatation / densification specific gravity sorting 1 Is done. Flotation-type specific gravity sorting disperses garbage, etc., dropped in a liquid medium such as water. Raw garbage with a specific gravity smaller than that of the medium (food residues containing cellulose, etc.) and garbage with a higher specific gravity than that ( It is a method that can be easily separated into food residues containing starch and the like.

Here, when performing the float / sink type specific gravity sorting, a screen with a small opening is arranged at the bottom of the water tank, and a screen with a large opening is arranged at the center of the water tank. By moving the screen up and down, garbage having a specific gravity smaller than that of the medium is stratified on the upper side of the screen disposed in the center of the water tank, and garbage having a specific gravity larger than that of the medium is stratified on the lower screen. Then, the raw material B containing starch is selectively selected from the raw garbage stratified on the lower screen, and moisture in the raw material is removed by the compression device 2.

The raw material supplied from the compressor 2 is sprayed and stirred with high-temperature and high-pressure heated steam by a steam boiler to the steam drying device 3 to dry the raw material.

The dried raw material is degreased with a degreasing machine a and then extruded into a pellet (columnar) with a granulator 4. The size is desirably 4 mm.

Using the automatic kneading apparatus 5, the temperature and humidity of the pellets containing starch produced by the granulator 4 are automatically controlled without depending on the environment of the outside air to obtain koji.

In the solid state fermentation apparatus 6, yeast is added to the koji and anaerobic fermentation is performed on the fermented mash in the absence of oxygen.

The continuous distillation apparatus 7 is one in which the fermentation continuously distills ethanol from the fermentation cake and obtains ethanol. The continuous distillation apparatus 7 also generates ethanol obtained from cellulosic food residues.

The ethanol is produced into a high-quality, high-concentration alcohol by the rectifying device 8.

On the other hand, only the garbage containing cellulosic C stratified on the upper side of the screen is selectively selected from the garbage having a specific gravity smaller than that of the liquid medium such as water by the vertical movement of the screen. To sort. The crushing apparatus 9 crushes into a size suitable for the saccharification treatment performed in the subsequent process. In addition, it is desirable to perform saccharification treatment while keeping the moisture content of the crushed garbage at 95% to 80%. As a method of saccharification treatment with the saccharification apparatus 10, hydrolysis using dilute sulfuric acid, cellulase system In addition, there is a method using an amylase-based enzyme agent, but this is not particularly limited. However, it is said that an inexpensive cellulase enzyme will be developed in two to three years and the acid catalyst will replace the enzyme method.

In the saccharification apparatus 10, the cellulose in the raw material is saccharified into glucose. The sugar solution after saccharification treatment containing glucose is sterilized or sterilized as heat treatment, but does not require sterilization treatment when the heat treatment is performed after adding dilute sulfuric acid.

After the saccharification treatment is performed and the collected sugar solution is neutralized, it is converted into alcohol in the conversion treatment tank 11 by genetically modified bacteria and RITE bacteria. The genetically modified bacterium Rite was developed by the Institute for Global Environmental Industrial Technology. The Institute for Global Environmental Technology has succeeded in creating genetically modified coryneform bacteria in order to provide more efficient productivity using the characteristics of coryneform bacteria. Rite bacteria can drastically improve the efficiency of alcohol conversion as compared with the conventional cellulose ethanol production process. The Institute for Global Environmental Industrial Technology has established a basic industrialization technology that can greatly streamline the cellulosic fermentation process using new recombinant microorganisms.
Therefore, the apparatus fixed cost of a fermentation process peripheral device does not start conventionally.

Moreover, the residue b generated by each process performed in the saccharification processing apparatus 10 and the conversion tank 11 is processed as a private fuel after adjusting the water content in the dehydration process c and the drying process process d.

As described above, the ethanol production system in the waste treatment facility of the present invention has been described. By converting the residual components of the raw materials into effective energy, the entire resource is utilized as much as possible to construct an economical and environmentally friendly process. it can. The configuration is not limited to the above-described configuration, and the configuration can be changed without departing from the spirit of the configuration.

It is a flow sheet of the ethanol manufacturing process in the waste disposal facility of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

A Recovered animal and plant residue B Raw material including starch residue of food residue C Raw material including cellulosic material of food residue 1 Flotation specific gravity selection process 2 Compression device 3 Steam drying device a Degreasing machine 4 Granulator 5 Automatic koji making machine 6 Solid fermentation Equipment f Residue 7 Continuous distillation equipment 8 Rectification equipment h Waste liquid treatment 9 Crusher 10 Saccharification equipment g Waste liquid treatment b Residue c Dehydration equipment d Dryer e Wood biomass boiler 11 Conversion treatment tank

Claims (2)

The food waste that is brought into the waste treatment facility is selectively sorted into raw materials containing starchy substances and raw materials containing cellulose, and the selected raw materials containing starchy substances contain alcoholic fermentation. It uses a solid fermentation method with a relatively small amount of water, and the raw material containing cellulose is characterized by producing ethanol with high efficiency by using an alcohol conversion method using a microorganism called Rite. A method for producing ethanol in a waste treatment facility. Since it is possible to use existing materials as a waste recovery system and waste treatment facility, it is possible to efficiently secure raw materials suitable for ethanol production without the need for a new recovery system and transportation costs. The method for producing ethanol in a waste treatment facility according to claim 1.

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