JP2008088383A - Feeder for heavy fuel oil - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a feeder for a heavy oil fuel that can stably run an internal combustion engine without depending on a light auxiliary fuel such as A heavy oil in the case where a reformate from a heavy oil fuel such as C heavy oil is used for the operation of the internal combustion engine. <P>SOLUTION: The feeder for the heavy oil fuel 12 is equipped with the reactor 17 for allowing the C heavy oil used as the fuel of the internal combustion engine and supercritical water to react; the reservoir 41 for temporarily reserving the C heavy oil that has been reformed by the reaction with the supercritical water; the feed passages 22, 23, 35, 39 as first fuel feed passages for supplying the reformed C heavy oil to the reservoir 41 from the reactor 17; and the feed passage 48 as a second fuel feed passage for supplying the reformed C heavy oil that is temporarily stocked in the reservoir 41 to each diesel engine 11. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a heavy oil fuel supply device that supplies heavy oil fuel such as C heavy oil to an internal combustion engine.

In general, a high-power diesel engine as described in, for example, Patent Document 1 is used for an internal combustion engine in a ship or the like, and the fuel is heavy oil that is cheaper than light oil used in a diesel engine for automobiles. used. Here, heavy oil is a residual oil after refining various petroleum products from crude oil, and is classified into 1 type (A heavy oil) to 3 types (C heavy oil) depending on the difference in kinematic viscosity. Among these, A heavy oil is a mixture of 90% light oil and a small amount of residual oil, and its kinematic viscosity is as low as 20 (mm ² / s) or less, so even if fuel is injected as it is, it is exceptional. There is no hindrance.

On the other hand, since C heavy oil is 90% or more residual oil, it is low in cost, but its kinematic viscosity is high viscosity exceeding 50 (mm ² / s), so it is heated before fuel injection. In addition, after the viscosity was lowered, it was necessary to suppress the sticking by always circulating while keeping the temperature by the steam pipe. Therefore, when using such C heavy oil as fuel, as described in Patent Document 1, a reactor is provided in a fuel supply device that supplies heavy oil fuel to a diesel engine. It has been proposed to perform a pretreatment step for reducing the weight of fuel by reacting C heavy oil with supercritical water.
JP 2004-11479 A

  By the way, in the heavy oil fuel supply device of the diesel engine described in Patent Document 1 described above, there is a problem that the fuel supply is delayed by the time required for the pretreatment process when the diesel engine is started.

  In order to cope with these problems, it is conceivable to supply light oil such as heavy fuel oil A only when the engine is started. However, additional equipment for supplying auxiliary fuel is required, which complicates the apparatus. When the amount of auxiliary fuel used is increased, the cost is disadvantageous. In addition, not only when the engine is started, but also when operating with heavy fuel oil modified by pretreatment, if the pretreatment process capacity is insufficient due to temporary load fluctuations, etc., supplementary fuel must be supplied. Become.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and the object thereof is, for example, when heavy oil fuel such as C heavy oil is reformed and used for operation of an internal combustion engine. An object of the present invention is to provide a heavy oil fuel supply device capable of stably operating an internal combustion engine without relying on a light auxiliary fuel.

  In order to achieve the above object, the invention described in claim 1 is a reformer that reacts with heavy oil used as fuel for an internal combustion engine and supercritical water, and reacts with supercritical water to be reformed. A storage tank for temporarily storing the heavy oil, a first fuel supply path for supplying the reformed heavy oil from the reactor to the storage tank, and a heavy tank temporarily stored in the storage tank. The gist of the present invention is to provide a second fuel supply path for supplying quality oil to the internal combustion engine.

  In the heavy oil fuel supply apparatus configured as described above, the heavy oil modified by reacting with the supercritical water can be temporarily stored in the storage tank and then supplied to the internal combustion engine. That is, a predetermined amount of pre-processed and reformed heavy oil is stored in advance, and the stored reformed heavy oil is quickly and stably subjected to internal combustion when the engine is started and when the load fluctuates. By supplying to the engine, the fuel supply can be started without delay and the shortage of the pretreatment process can be compensated. Therefore, the internal combustion engine can be stably operated at the time of engine start and load fluctuation without depending on auxiliary fuel. In addition, by using the fuel stored in the storage tank for the fuel required at the peak of the load, it is possible to cope with load fluctuations without excessively increasing the processing capacity of the reactor.

  The invention according to claim 2 is the heavy oil fuel supply device according to claim 1, wherein the gas component generated by the reaction in the reaction device and the reforming are interposed in the middle of the first fuel supply path. A gas-liquid separation device for separating the separated heavy oil, and a combustible gas supply passage for supplying the internal combustion engine with the combustible gas contained in the gas component separated by the gas-liquid separation device The summary is provided.

  In the heavy oil fuel supply apparatus configured as described above, the gas component generated by the reaction in the reaction apparatus and the reformed heavy oil can be separated in the gas-liquid separation apparatus. By suppressing the gas from being mixed into the liquid fuel injected into the room, the internal combustion engine can be operated stably. Moreover, it can suppress that the gaseous component containing a combustible gas and a sulfur content retains in a storage tank. Moreover, the energy efficiency of an internal combustion engine can be improved by supplying and burning the combustible gas which remove | excluded sulfur content etc. from the isolate | separated gas component to an internal combustion engine. In addition, by mixing the combustible gas with the air to the extent that it does not ignite spontaneously in the compression stroke, the air ratio in the insufflation gas can be lowered, so the soot discharged from the exhaust gas and the nitrogen oxidation The amount of product generated can be suppressed.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the heavy oil fuel supply device according to the first or second aspect, the second fuel supply path has an upstream end opening from the bottom surface of the storage tank in the storage tank. The gist is that it is located on the upper side in the weight direction.

  In the heavy oil fuel supply apparatus configured as described above, since the upstream end opening of the second fuel supply path is located above the bottom surface of the storage tank in the weight direction, solids such as dust are formed at the bottom of the storage tank. It can be separated from the reformed heavy oil which is a liquid fuel by precipitating impurities such as substances and water.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the heavy oil fuel supply device according to the third aspect, of the heavy oil supplied to the internal combustion engine, the heavy oil that has not been used for combustion is returned to the storage tank. And a downstream end opening of the return path is disposed in the storage tank so as to be separated from the upstream end opening of the second fuel supply path.

  In the heavy oil fuel supply apparatus configured as described above, the heavy oil that has not been used for combustion can be returned to the storage tank, so that the modified C heavy oil can be used efficiently without waste. . Further, in the storage tank, the downstream end opening of the return path and the upstream end opening of the second fuel supply path are arranged so as to be separated from each other. Direct resupply is suppressed.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the heavy oil fuel supply device according to the third or fourth aspect, a fuel delivery pump for delivering heavy oil to the reaction device, and supercritical water in the reaction device. A supercritical water delivery pump for delivery, a control unit for controlling the fuel delivery pump and the supercritical water delivery pump, and a liquid level sensor for detecting the remaining amount of fuel in the storage tank And the controller drives the fuel delivery pump and the supercritical water delivery pump based on a detection signal of the liquid level sensor, and a fuel liquid level position in the storage tank is upstream of the second fuel supply path. The gist is to control the end opening position so as not to go down.

  In the heavy oil fuel supply apparatus configured as described above, the pretreatment process can be driven and controlled so as not to run out of fuel stored in the storage tank. Can be operated stably.

Hereinafter, an embodiment embodying the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, a diesel engine 11 as an internal combustion engine used in the ship of the present embodiment is used as fuel by a heavy oil fuel supply device (hereinafter abbreviated as “fuel supply device”) 12. C heavy oil is supplied as a heavy oil. In addition, in FIG. 1, although the case where the four diesel engines 11 are provided as a main machine or an auxiliary machine is illustrated, the number of the diesel engines 11 is not limited to four.

  In the fuel supply device 12, the C heavy oil before reforming is sent to the supply path 14 in a state of being pressurized by driving a pressurizing pump 13 as a heavy oil delivery pump, and downstream of the supply path 14. It is sent to the heat exchanger 15 having its inlet connected to the end. The outlet of the heat exchanger 15 is connected to the upstream end of the supply path 16, and the downstream end of the supply path 16 is connected to the inlet of the reaction apparatus 17.

  The C heavy oil before reforming heated by the heat exchanger 15 is sent to the reactor 17 through the supply path 16. And in this reactor 17, the C heavy oil is made to react with high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical water, so that pretreatment for reducing the weight of heavy C heavy oil is performed.

  The supercritical water used for this pretreatment is generated as follows. First, water at normal temperature and normal pressure is sent to the supply channel 19 in a state of being pressurized by driving a pressurizing pump 18 as a supercritical water delivery pump, and the inlet is connected to the downstream end of the supply channel 19. To the heat exchanger 20. And the supercritical water is produced | generated when the water pressurized with the pressurization pump 18 is heated with the heat exchanger 20. FIG.

  The outlet of the heat exchanger 20 is connected to the upstream end of the supply path 21, and the downstream end of the supply path 21 is connected to the inlet of the reactor 17. Therefore, the generated supercritical water is sent to the reaction device 17 through the supply path 21. In this embodiment, the supply path 16 and the supply path 21 are joined in the vicinity of the reaction device 17 and then connected to the upper portion of the reaction device 17. An inlet may be provided, and the supply paths 16 and 21 may be connected to each inlet without being merged.

  Here, the supercritical water is a liquid and a gas when the water reaches a state where the boundary of physical property change from liquid to gas or from gas to liquid is eliminated and the temperature exceeds a critical point of 374 ° C. and pressure of 22.1 MPa. It has a very reactive state with intermediate properties. In other words, water that is difficult to mix with oil at normal temperature and atmospheric pressure becomes a supercritical state that combines the properties of a high-density liquid that dissolves the solute and the properties of a highly diffusible gas with large kinetic energy. As a result, it becomes possible to break down the bonds of oil molecules and mix them at the molecular level. And supercritical water decomposes | disassembles the coupling | bonding of an oil molecule, The oil molecule of heavy oil is reduced in molecular weight, and is improved to light oil.

  In the present embodiment, supercritical water is generated by heating the water pressurized to 25 MPa by the pressure pump 18 to 480 ° C. or higher by the heat exchanger 20. In addition, in order to advance the reaction promptly, the C heavy oil to be reacted with supercritical water is also pressurized to 25 MPa by the pressure pump 13 and reacted after being heated to about 200 ° C. where thermal decomposition does not proceed by the heat exchanger. Supplied to the device 17.

  When pre-reforming C heavy oil and supercritical water are injected from the upper part of the reactor 17 and reacted for a predetermined time, for example, about 10 minutes, liquid fuel with reduced viscosity is produced by reducing the molecular weight of C heavy oil molecules. The Note that the reaction conditions such as the temperature, pressure, and reaction time of the supercritical water and C heavy oil in the reaction apparatus 17 can be appropriately changed according to the scale of the reaction apparatus 17 and the required processing amount.

  The liquid fuel produced by the reaction in the reactor 17 is an emulsion obtained by mixing the low molecular weight modified C heavy oil and water. Along with this reaction, a part of C heavy oil is thermally decomposed to produce a gas component containing sulfur such as flammable gas such as methane and hydrogen sulfide, and separated along with oil molecular decomposition of C heavy oil. As a result, a residue such as tar concentrated with heavy metals is produced. A funnel-shaped trap 17a is provided at the bottom of the reaction device 17, and the residue generated during the reaction is precipitated and stored in the trap 17a.

  The outlet of the reactor 17 is provided at the upper part of the reactor 17 and is connected to the upstream end of the supply path 22. That is, since the produced liquid fuel is configured to be taken out from the upper part of the reaction device 17, it is possible to separate the residue deposited on the trap 17a from the liquid fuel.

  A supply valve 23 is interposed in the middle of the supply path 22, and the downstream end of the supply path 22 is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 24. In the gas-liquid separator 24, the gas component generated in the reactor 17 is separated from the liquid fuel.

  The gas-liquid separator 24 is provided with two outlets, one of which is connected to the upstream end of the air supply path 25. A valve 26 is interposed in the middle of the air supply path 25, and the downstream end of the air supply path 25 is connected to the inlet of the desulfurization device 27. The gas components separated in the gas-liquid separation device 24 are sent to the desulfurization device 27 through the air supply path 25, and the desulfurization device 27 performs a desulfurization process to remove sulfur components such as hydrogen sulfide.

  The outlet of the desulfurization device 27 is connected to the upstream end of the air supply passage 28, and the downstream end of the air supply passage 28 sends air to the downstream end of the intake passage 29 for sucking air in the atmosphere and to the diesel engine 11. Is connected to the upstream end of the air supply passage 30 via a gas mixer 31 such as a venturi.

  The air supply passages 30 are branched in the same number as the diesel engine 11 on the downstream side, and the downstream ends of the branched air supply passages 30 are connected to the corresponding diesel engines 11. Therefore, the air taken in from the upstream end of the intake passage 29 and the combustible gas subjected to the desulfurization process in the desulfurization device 27 are supplied by the intake force of the diesel engine 11 connected to the downstream end of the air supply passage 30. , Supplied to each diesel engine 11. In the present embodiment, the air supply passages 28 and 30 constitute a combustible gas supply passage.

In addition, the gas supplied to the diesel engine 11 through the air supply path 30 can mix air and combustible gas with the optimal mixing ratio by the gas mixer 31.
The upstream end of the supply path 33 is connected to the other outlet of the gas-liquid separator 24, and the downstream end of the supply path 33 is connected to the inlet of the decompression / cooling device 34. The high-temperature, high-pressure liquid fuel separated from the gas component in the gas-liquid separator 24 is sent to the decompression / cooling device 34 through the supply path 33 and returned to the normal temperature and normal pressure state. The liquid fuel produced in the reactor 17 is fixed as before the reforming even if it is returned to the normal temperature and normal pressure in the reduced-pressure cooling device 34 because the oil molecules of C heavy oil are reduced in molecular weight. Never do.

  The outlet of the vacuum cooling device 34 is connected to the upstream end of the supply path 35. A supply valve 36 is provided in the middle of the supply path 35, and the downstream end of the supply path 35 is connected to an oil / water separator 37. The liquid fuel that has been returned to the normal temperature and normal pressure state in the vacuum cooling device 34 is sent to the oil / water separator 37 through the supply path 35, and the reformed C heavy oil and water are separated in the oil / water separator 37.

  The oil / water separator 37 is provided with two outflow ports, and one outflow port is connected to the upstream end of the water supply path 38 through which the separated water flows out. The other outlet is connected to the upstream end of the supply path 39 through which the modified C heavy oil flows out. The water discharged through the water supply path 38 can be reused for supercritical water generation after being filtered by a filter.

  In the present embodiment, the reaction for lightening heavy C heavy oil is carried out in the reaction device 17, but a series of processes in the subsequent gas-liquid separation device 24, reduced-pressure cooling device 34, oil-water separation device 37, and the like. Are included in the pretreatment process.

  A supply valve 40 is interposed in the middle of the supply path 39 through which the modified C heavy oil flows out from the oil / water separator 37, and the downstream end of the supply path 39 is introduced into the storage tank 41. The modified C heavy oil separated from the water in the oil / water separator 37 is sent to the storage tank 41 through the supply path 39 and temporarily stored. In the case of heavy C heavy oil that has not been pretreated, it could not be stored in a state where fluidity was secured because it would stick when stored at room temperature, but in this embodiment, C heavy oil is Since it is made light by reacting with supercritical water, it can be stored while securing good fluidity at normal temperature and normal pressure.

  A discharge path 42 is led out from the lower part of the storage tank 41, and a discharge valve 43 is provided in the middle of the discharge path 42. When impurities such as solids that could not be separated by the trap 17a of the reactor 17 and water that could not be separated by the oil / water separator 37 are precipitated in the storage tank 41, the discharge valve 43 is opened. As a state, it is discharged to the outside through the discharge path 42.

  A liquid level sensor 44 for detecting the remaining amount of the stored modified C heavy oil is provided inside the storage tank 41, and a detection signal from the liquid level sensor 44 is sent through the circuit 45 to the fuel supply device 12. It is sent to the control unit 46 that controls the entire operating state. The control unit 46 drives and controls the pressurizing pumps 13 and 18 through the circuit 47 based on the detection signal of the liquid level sensor 44.

  Further, a supply path 48 for supplying the reformed C heavy oil temporarily stored in the storage tank 41 to the diesel engine 11 side is derived from a position different from the discharge position of the discharge path 42 in the lower part of the storage tank 41. ing. A fuel pump 49 is interposed in the supply path 48, and a filter 50 is provided downstream of the fuel pump 49. The filter 50 removes fine impurities and the like from the modified C heavy oil.

  Further, on the downstream side of the filter 50, the supply paths 48 are branched in the same number as the diesel engine 11, and the downstream ends of the branched supply paths 48 are connected to the corresponding diesel engines 11. Then, the reformed C heavy oil pumped by the fuel pump 49 through the supply path 48 is supplied to each diesel engine 11.

In the present embodiment, the first fuel supply path is configured by the supply paths 22, 33, 35, and 39, and the second fuel supply path is configured by the supply path 48.
Each diesel engine 11 is connected to the upstream end of a return path 51 for returning the modified C heavy oil as surplus oil that has not been injected into the combustion chamber (not shown) to the storage tank 41. The downstream end of the return path 51 is introduced into the storage tank 41 from a position different from the introduction position of the supply path 39 in the upper part of the storage tank 41. Therefore, the modified C heavy oil that has been supplied to each diesel engine 11 via the supply path 48 but has not been used for combustion is returned to the storage tank 41 through the return path 51.

  Further, the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the reformed C heavy oil and the combustible gas in each diesel engine 11 is discharged through an exhaust passage 52 having an upstream end connected to the exhaust port of each diesel engine 11. Yes. The exhaust path 52 extends downstream to the heat exchanger 15 and the heat exchanger 20. In the heat exchangers 15 and 20, the heat of the exhaust gas is used for heating water and C heavy oil before reforming, and the exhaust gas cooled by the heat exchange is discharged to the outside.

Next, a specific configuration of the storage tank 41 will be described with reference to FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, the storage tank 41 includes a bottom wall portion 41a having a downwardly convex eccentric cone shape, a cylindrical side wall portion 41b rising from the periphery of the bottom wall portion 41a, and an upper opening of the side wall portion 41b. And a lid portion 41c for closing the cover.

  In the storage tank 41, a downstream end portion of the supply path 39 extends in a vertically downward direction from the inner surface of the lid portion 41 c in such a manner as to penetrate the lid portion 41 c. The opening 39 a at the downstream end of the supply path 39 serves as an inlet to the storage tank 41, and the supply path 39 and the storage tank 41 communicate with each other.

  Further, in the lid portion 41c of the storage tank 41, the downstream end portion of the return passage 51 penetrates the lid portion 41c at a position spaced laterally from the introduction position of the supply passage 39, so that the lid portion 41c It extends vertically downward from the inner surface. The opening 51 a at the downstream end of the return path 51 serves as an inlet into the storage tank 41, and the return path 51 and the storage tank 41 communicate with each other.

  In addition, an opening 42a at the upstream end of the discharge passage 42 is disposed at a position that is the lowest in the bottom wall portion 41a of the storage tank 41, and at a position higher than the opening position of the opening 42a, The upstream end of the supply channel 48 extends from the inner bottom surface of the storage tank 41 vertically upward in such a manner as to penetrate the bottom wall portion 41 a. The portion of the supply path 48 that extends into the storage tank 41 has such a length that the upper end is higher than the lower end of the side wall 41b. The opening 48 a at the upstream end of the supply path 48 serves as an outlet from the storage tank 41, and the supply path 48 and the storage tank 41 communicate with each other. That is, in the present embodiment, the upstream end opening 48 a of the supply path 48 is positioned above the bottom surface of the storage tank 41 in the weight direction.

  The position of the opening 39a of the supply path 39 and the position of the opening 51a of the return path 51 in the storage tank 41 are the same as the position of the upstream end opening 42a of the discharge path 42 and the position of the upstream end opening 48a of the supply path 48. Are offset so that they do not overlap. Further, in FIG. 2, the supply path 39, the return path 51, the discharge path 42, and the supply path 48 are schematically represented by combining cross sections so as to be aligned on the same plane, but each opening 39a, 51a, 42a. , 48a are desirably distributed so that the positions thereof are also separated in the horizontal direction.

  Further, the downstream end of the supply path 39 and the downstream end of the return path 51 and the upstream end of the supply path 48 respectively extending in the storage tank 41 are long enough to be separated from each other. Therefore, the downstream end opening 39a of the supply path 39, the downstream end opening 51a of the return path 51, and the upstream end opening 48a of the supply path 48 are arranged so as to be separated from each other.

  In the present embodiment, at least the position of the upstream end opening 48a of the supply passage 48 in the storage tank 41 is set to a minimum liquid level position indicating a predetermined storage amount at which the fuel liquid level does not fall, and the control unit 46 controls the liquid level. The pressurizing pumps 13 and 18 are driven based on the detection signal of the liquid level sensor 44 so that the position does not fall below the position of the upstream end opening 48 a of the supply path 48. Further, a maximum liquid level position indicating a predetermined storage amount at which the modified C heavy oil does not flow out from at least the supply path 39 and the return path 51 in the storage tank 41 is set, and the control unit 46 sets the supply path 39 and the return path 51. The pressurized pumps 13 and 18 are stopped based on the detection signal of the liquid level sensor 44 so that the modified C heavy oil does not flow out of the fuel tank.

Next, the operation of the fuel supply device 12 configured as described above will be described.
In the fuel supply device 12, prior to starting the diesel engine 11, the fuel supply device 12 is operated, and a pretreatment for reforming heavy C heavy oil is performed.

  When the operation of the fuel supply device 12 is started, first, the control unit 46 drives the pressure pumps 13 and 18. Then, the water is pumped through the supply path 14 and is superheated by being heated by the heat exchanger 15 and then sent to the reaction device 17. Further, the pre-reforming C heavy oil is pumped through the supply path 19 and heated by the heat exchanger 15 and then sent to the reactor 17. Before starting the diesel engine 11, the heat of the exhaust gas cannot be used for heat exchange. Therefore, a heater may be provided in the heat exchangers 15 and 20.

  After the C heavy oil before reforming is reacted with supercritical water in the reactor 17, the reformed C heavy oil is subjected to gas-liquid separation, reduced-pressure cooling, and oil-water separation, and is temporarily stored in the storage tank 41. When the liquid level sensor 44 detects that the liquid level position has exceeded the maximum liquid level position, a detection signal is sent to the control unit 46, and the control unit 46 receives this detection signal and receives the pressure pump 13. , 18 are stopped.

  Since the predetermined amount of the modified C heavy oil is stored in the storage tank 41 by the above preparation work, after the preparation work, the modified C heavy oil stored in the storage tank 41 is quickly stored when the diesel engine 11 is started. Can be supplied to.

  In addition, after the diesel engine 11 is started, the liquid level sensor 44 detects that the modified C heavy oil stored in the storage tank 41 is used and decreases, and that the liquid level is below the minimum liquid level. Then, the controller 46 again drives the pressure pumps 13 and 18 to execute a series of preprocessing. Even when the liquid surface position does not fall below the minimum liquid surface position, a pretreatment process may be executed to compensate for the reduced modified C heavy oil.

  As described above, during operation of the diesel engine 11, that is, while the modified C heavy oil is being supplied to the diesel engine 11 while performing the pretreatment, the predetermined amount of the modified C heavy oil is always in the storage tank 41. Is in a state of being stored. For this reason, for example, when a high output is temporarily required, such as when increasing the operating speed of a ship, the amount stored in the storage tank 41 is added and supplied to the diesel engine 11, so that it is stable. A desired output can be obtained.

Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) The reactor 17 is provided with a storage tank 41 that temporarily stores C heavy oil that has been reformed by reacting with supercritical water, so that a predetermined amount of C heavy oil that has been pretreated and modified is stored in advance. Can be set aside. Therefore, the stored modified C heavy oil can be quickly supplied when the diesel engine 11 is started. Further, the fuel can be stably supplied by additionally supplying the reformed C heavy oil stored at the time of load fluctuation such as when high output is temporarily required. That is, the fuel supply can be started without delay and the shortage of the pretreatment process can be compensated. Therefore, the internal combustion engine can be stably operated at the time of engine start and load fluctuation without depending on auxiliary fuel. Further, by supplying the fuel necessary for peak load with the fuel stored in the storage tank 41, it becomes possible to cope with load fluctuations without excessively increasing the processing capacity of the reactor 17.

  (2) Since the gas-liquid separation device 24 for separating the gas component generated by the reaction in the reaction device 17 and the modified C heavy oil is provided, the modified C that is injected into the combustion chamber of the diesel engine 11 It is possible to suppress the gas from being mixed into the heavy oil and to stably operate the diesel engine 11. Moreover, it can suppress that the gaseous component containing a combustible gas and a sulfur content retains in the storage tank 41. FIG. In addition, an air supply passage 28 and an air supply passage 30 for supplying the combustible gas contained in the separated gas component to the diesel engine 11 are provided, and the desulfurized combustible gas is supplied to the internal combustion engine for combustion. By doing so, the energy efficiency of the diesel engine 11 can be improved. Furthermore, since the combustible gas is mixed with air to the extent that it does not ignite spontaneously in the compression stroke of the diesel engine 11, the air ratio in the air supply gas can be lowered, so that it is discharged together with the exhaust gas. The amount of soot and nitrogen oxide produced can be suppressed.

  (3) The upstream end opening 48 a of the supply path 48 is positioned above the bottom surface of the storage tank 41 in the weight direction. Therefore, it is possible to separate the solid C such as waste and impurities such as water from the modified C heavy oil, which is a liquid fuel, by precipitating solids such as dust and water on the bottom wall 41a having a downwardly convex eccentric cone shape in the storage tank 41. it can. Moreover, since the discharge path 42 and the discharge valve 43 are provided in the bottom wall portion 41a of the storage tank 41 and the sediment can be discharged, impurities such as dust can be removed with a simple configuration.

  (4) Among the modified C heavy oil supplied to the diesel engine 11, the modified C heavy oil that has not been used for combustion, that is, the return path 51 for returning the surplus oil to the storage tank 41 is provided. The modified C heavy oil can be used efficiently without waste. Further, since the downstream end opening 51a of the return passage 51 is disposed in the storage tank 41 so as to be separated from the upstream end opening 48a of the supply passage 48, high-temperature surplus oil is supplied to the diesel engine 11. Direct resupply is suppressed.

  (5) Based on the detection signal from the liquid level sensor 44, the control unit 46 controls the pressure pump 13, so that the fuel liquid level position in the storage tank 41 does not fall below the position of the upstream end opening 48 a of the supply path 48. Therefore, the pretreatment process can be driven and controlled so that the modified C heavy oil stored in the storage tank 41 is not insufficient. Therefore, the diesel engine 11 can be stably operated at the time of starting and load variation.

  (6) In the storage tank 41, the positions of the downstream end opening 39a of the supply path 39 serving as the inflow port and the downstream end opening 51a of the return path 51 are the same as the position of the upstream end opening 42a of the discharge path 42 and the vertical position. Offset so as not to overlap. Therefore, the inflow oil that has flowed into the storage tank 41 from the openings 39a and 51a serving as the inflow ports diffuses impurities and the like that have settled in the vicinity of the upstream end opening 42a of the discharge path 42 that is the lowest in the bottom wall portion 41a. This can be suppressed.

  (7) The position of the downstream end opening 39a of the supply passage 39 serving as the inflow port is offset so that the position of the upstream end opening 48a of the supply passage 48 and the position in the vertical direction do not overlap with each other. The quality C heavy oil is suppressed from being directly supplied to the diesel engine 11 and mixed with the modified C heavy oil already stored in the storage tank 41. That is, properties such as temperature and viscosity of the modified C heavy oil stored in the storage tank 41 can be uniformly maintained.

(8) Since the trap 17a is provided at the bottom of the reaction apparatus 17, the residue can be separated and removed with a simple configuration.
(9) The highest liquid level position set in the storage tank 41 is detected by the liquid level sensor 44, and the controller 46 stops driving the pressurizing pumps 13 and 18 based on this detection signal. It is avoided that the modified C heavy oil flows backward from 39 and the return path 51.

The above embodiment may be changed to another embodiment as described below.
In the above embodiment, a gas storage tank for storing flammable gas may be provided in the air supply path 28. If comprised in this way, the combustible gas produced | generated at the time of modification | reformation of C heavy oil in preparatory work can be stored, or the ratio which mixes combustible gas with the air supplied to the diesel engine 11 can be adjusted. . Therefore, optimize combustion conditions as necessary, such as avoiding knocking due to excessive supply of combustible gas, reducing the amount of soot and nitrogen oxide produced by low air ratio combustion, or improving energy efficiency. Can do.

In the above embodiment, a heater may be provided instead of the heat exchangers 15 and 20.
In the above embodiment, the reaction device 17 may be provided with a warmer. Moreover, it is good also as a structure pressurized and heated within the reaction apparatus 17. FIG.

  In the above embodiment, the control unit 46 controls the supply valves 23, 36, 40, the valve 26, the gas mixer 31, the fuel pump 49, the reaction device 17, the gas-liquid separation device 24, the vacuum cooling device 34, the oil / water separation device 37, and the desulfurization device. 27, heat exchangers 15 and 20, etc. may be controlled, or may be controlled by a separately provided control unit.

  -In the said embodiment, it is good also as a structure which does not provide the gas-liquid separator 24, the oil-water separator 37, and the desulfurizer 27. FIG. Further, the processing order of these devices may be changed. For example, the gas-liquid separation device 24 may be arranged on the downstream side of the decompression cooling device 34.

  In the above embodiment, the supply path 39, the return path 51, the discharge path 42, and the supply path 48 are arranged offset in positions where the vertical positions do not overlap each other. You may make it extend with the length which mutually spaces apart. Even in this configuration, if the inlet (openings 39a, 51a) and the outlet (openings 42a, 48a) are separated from each other in the storage tank 41, the storage tank 41 can be stored by convection due to a temperature difference or a viscosity difference. The reformed C heavy oil in the tank 41 can be mixed, and the flow of the reformed C heavy oil that has flowed in is prevented from flowing directly.

-In above-mentioned embodiment, the bottom wall part 41a of the storage tank 41 is good also as a conical shape which is convex downward.
In the above embodiment, a stirrer for stirring the modified C heavy oil stored in the storage tank 41 may be provided.

  In the above embodiment, the supply path 39 and the return path 51 are formed such that the downstream end openings 39a and 51a are formed in the inner surface of the lid portion 41c without extending the downstream end portion in the storage tank 41. It may be.

  In the above embodiment, the supply path 48 may be extended in the storage tank 41 with its upstream end passing through the side wall 41b. Further, the upstream end 48 a of the supply channel 48 may be opened on the inner surface of the side wall 41 b without the upstream end thereof being extended into the storage tank 41. Further, the supply path 48 may be opened without extending on the inner bottom surface of the bottom wall portion 41a where the upstream end opening 48a is higher than the position of the opening 42a of the discharge path 42. Also in these configurations, the position of the opening 48a of the supply path 48 is located above the position of the opening 42a of the discharge path 42 in the gravity direction, so that impurities can be separated.

In the above embodiment, excess oil may not be returned to the storage tank 41.
In the above embodiment, the combustible gas may not be supplied to the diesel engine 11.

  -In the said embodiment, you may provide the auxiliary fuel supply apparatus for supplying light oil, such as A heavy oil, to an internal combustion engine. Even in this case, since the amount of auxiliary fuel used can be suppressed, the apparatus can be reduced in size, and the cost load can be suppressed.

Further, the technical idea that can be grasped from the above embodiment will be described below.
(1) An internal combustion engine comprising the heavy oil fuel supply device according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

  According to this configuration, the effect described in any of (1) to (5) above can be obtained.

1 is a system diagram schematically showing a heavy oil fuel supply device in an embodiment. FIG. The schematic diagram of the storage tank in embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Diesel engine as an internal combustion engine, 12 ... Heavy oil fuel supply apparatus, 13 ... Pressurization pump as fuel delivery pump, 17 ... Reactor, 18 ... Pressurization pump as supercritical water delivery pump, 22, 23 , 35, 39 ... supply path as a first fuel supply path, 24 ... gas-liquid separator, 28, 30 ... air supply path as a flammable gas supply path, 41 ... storage tank, 44 ... liquid level sensor, 46 ... Control unit 48 ... Supply path as second fuel supply path, 51 ... Return path.

Claims (5)

A reactor for reacting heavy oil used as fuel for an internal combustion engine with supercritical water;
A storage tank for temporarily storing heavy oil modified by reacting with supercritical water;
A first fuel supply path for supplying the reformed heavy oil from the reactor to the storage tank;
A heavy oil fuel supply apparatus, comprising: a second fuel supply path for supplying heavy oil temporarily stored in the storage tank to the internal combustion engine. A gas-liquid separation device for separating a gas component generated by a reaction in the reaction device and a reformed heavy oil interposed in the middle of the first fuel supply path;
The heavy oil fuel according to claim 1, further comprising: a combustible gas supply path for supplying a combustible gas contained in a gas component separated by the gas-liquid separator to an internal combustion engine. Feeding device.   3. The heavy oil fuel according to claim 1, wherein an upstream end opening of the second fuel supply passage is positioned above the bottom surface of the storage tank in the weight direction in the storage tank. Feeding device. Of the heavy oil supplied to the internal combustion engine, further comprising a return path for returning heavy oil that has not been used for combustion to the storage tank,
4. The heavy oil fuel supply according to claim 3, wherein the downstream end opening of the return path is disposed in the storage tank so as to be separated from the upstream end opening of the second fuel supply path. 5. apparatus. A fuel delivery pump for delivering heavy oil to the reactor;
A supercritical water delivery pump for delivering supercritical water to the reactor;
A controller for controlling the fuel delivery pump and the supercritical water delivery pump;
A liquid level sensor for detecting the remaining amount of fuel in the storage tank,
The control unit drives the fuel delivery pump and the supercritical water delivery pump based on a detection signal of the liquid level sensor, and a fuel liquid level position in the storage tank is an upstream end opening of the second fuel supply path. The heavy oil fuel supply apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the heavy oil fuel supply apparatus is controlled so as not to move down the position.

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