JP2008081593A - Method for producing biomass fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing a biomass fuel, converting bioethanol, etc., to a fuel free from a hygroscopic property and having a high octane value and enabling improvement of combustion efficiency and improvement of energy utilization efficiency and lowering of dependence on petroleum and reduction of CO<SB>2</SB>and environmental emission, in technique concerning improvement of yield and energy conversion efficiency in production of the biomass fuel. <P>SOLUTION: The method for producing the biomass fuel comprises enhancing yield from a raw material to a fuel by converting fusel oil, residues, glycerol, etc., to fuel in order to further enhance effect of de-petrified resource. The production method enhances octane value and combustion efficiency of biomass fuel and enables use as a single body and achieves high CO<SB>2</SB>reduction effect by converting bioethanol, alcohols, glycerol, organic acids, etc., to ethers, esters, etc. The production method, further, makes discharge gas clean by perfect combustion and can save enormous facility investment for hygroscopic measures, because the product has low hygroscopic property. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for producing biomass fuel, which is highly effective in reducing dependence on petroleum and preventing global warming, reducing CO ₂ emissions, and preventing air pollution, and uses surplus products of agricultural, forestry and fishery resources as raw materials. This is a technology that contributes to improving the self-sufficiency of fuel food.
In addition, the present invention is not limited to biomass resources, but also enables a method for reforming petroleum-derived ethanol and glycerol and organic acids.

According to the present invention, when bioethanol fuel is produced from a biomass raw material, the yield from the raw material to the fuel is increased by converting the fusel oil and the residue, which have been conventionally discarded, into fuel.
The fusel oil is a fraction obtained as a volatile component having a high boiling point when ethanol produced by a fermentation method is fractionated and purified. The main components are alcohols with 5 carbon atoms such as (S) -2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol. In addition, propanol, butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-hexanol, etc. Examples include alcohols, acetate esters such as isoamyl acetate, ethyl esters of medium chain fatty acids such as ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octoate, and ethyl decanoate. Moreover, depending on the raw material used for fermentation, a free fatty acid, a furfural derivative, pyrazines, etc. may be included.
Residues include not only residues generated when bioethanol fuel is produced from biomass raw materials, but also the following residues.
1) Food residue a. Removed by milling (polishing) during rice polishing during sake production b. Margin in wine production c. Margin of soybeans, rapeseed, etc. d. Cooking grounds such as lunch boxes and dining rooms e. Uneaten food (leftover food)
f. 2) Fermentation residue The residue left after fermentation when producing shochu, sake, vinegar, etc. (Moromi)
The main component of the residue is cellulose.

The reason why the fusel oil and residue have not been used so far is as follows.
A. Only research on making delicious food (ethanol for it) has been made.
I. Companies only pay for making delicious food (and ethanol for that).
C. Because it is not worthy of food, no one has looked at fusel oil or residues.

Moreover, this invention solves the low octane number and moisture absorption which were the subjects of the conventional biomass fuel.
A complex alcohol such as ethanol, butanol, octanol, or pentanol is produced by fermenting the residue a plurality of times.
Also, complex ethers such as diethyl ether, ethyl isobutyl ether, and diisobutyl ether are produced by dehydration condensation of fusel oil and complex alcohols such as ethanol, butanol, octanol, and pentanol.
By etherification, a fuel having no hygroscopicity and a high octane number can be obtained, and by mixing and adjusting these, a fuel having an arbitrary octane number can be obtained.

In the present invention, when producing biodiesel fuel, the yield from raw material to fuel is increased by converting glycerin produced as a by-product, which has not been converted into fuel, into fuel.
When glycerin is dehydrated and condensed with ethanol, propanol or the like and etherified to triethylglycerin ether or the like, it can be used as a fuel.
Further, by reducing glycerin, propane gas can be generated and used as fuel.
Furthermore, by dehydrating and condensing glycerin with a lower organic acid, it can be esterified and used as a fuel. This allows organic acids to be recovered and fueled from too fermented liquor, wine, miso, and the like. Of course, fuel such as acetic acid, malic acid, and succinic acid, which are general organic acids, can be used.

By polymerizing bioethanol, it can be etherified to diethyl ether or the like and used as a fuel.
Further, ethanol can be esterified by dehydration condensation with an organic acid and used as a fuel.
By etherification and esterification, the hygroscopicity is lowered, the fuel is easy to handle and can be stored for a long time, the octane number is increased, and it can be used alone. Furthermore, since the boiling point becomes high, there is no evaporation loss, and the fuel becomes safer with lower flammability.
This invention improves the combustion efficiency and fuel efficiency by increasing the octane number of bioethanol, and can be used not only as a mixture but also as a single fuel, and exhibits a high CO ₂ emission reduction effect. .
In addition, by reducing the hygroscopicity, it is possible to eliminate the capital investment for moisture absorption measures and to use it in the conventional facility / distribution system.
Furthermore, there is no possibility that moisture will be separated and the inside of the engine will be corroded and performance will be deteriorated, and there will be no incomplete combustion. Therefore, the engine will last longer and the exhaust gas will be a clean fuel.

A fuel having a constant octane number can be obtained by arbitrarily mixing and adjusting the above-mentioned complex alcohol, complex ether, biodiesel fuel, ester fuel and the like.
Moreover, the octane numbers of ether fuel, biodiesel fuel and ester fuel differ slightly depending on the type of residue and the production site. They can also be mixed and adjusted to an arbitrary octane number.

The present invention is not limited to biomass resources such as bioethanol and biodiesel, but is also a method for reforming petroleum-derived ethanol and a method for modifying glycerin and organic acids.

The fuel produced according to the present invention has a high octane number and can be used alone as a fuel, but can also be used in gasoline and diesel fuel.

Until now, when producing bioethanol fuel from biomass feedstock, fusel oil and residues were discarded without fuel conversion.

Until now, when producing biodiesel, glycerin produced as a by-product has not been converted into fuel. In addition, while the production of biodiesel is expected to increase in the future, a method for utilizing glycerin produced as a by-product in large quantities is an issue.

In other words, bioethanol, which is currently attracting attention as a biomass fuel, is produced inefficiently at low yields, when the fuel oil and residue are discarded from the raw material. In addition, since bioethanol is highly hygroscopic, if it is used as a fuel, moisture may be separated, the inside of the engine may be corroded and performance may be deteriorated, and exhaust gas due to incomplete combustion may also be ejected.
Furthermore, in order to prevent hygroscopicity, a dedicated tank is required, and it is necessary to fundamentally review the distribution system (stock storage facilities, transport facilities, oil supply facilities, vehicle tanks, etc.). And since the octane number is low, not only can it be used alone, but also the fuel consumption is reduced. In addition, if it is used alone and mixed with existing fuel, it naturally has little effect on reducing CO ₂ emissions.

On the other hand, at present, neither ethanol-derived ethanol reforming nor glycerin reforming is performed.
Nothing in particular

As described above, the importance of reducing dependence on oil and global warming, reducing CO ₂ emissions, and preventing air pollution such as sulfurous acid gas has been recognized, and efforts to develop biomass fuels have been made. The present situation is that the yield when producing fuel from the fuel is low.

In addition, bioethanol, a representative biomass fuel, has problems such as low octane number and high hygroscopicity, and not only has a low CO ₂ emission reduction effect, but must also drastically review its distribution system. It is said that huge capital investment is required.

On the other hand, ETBE (ethyl tertiary butyl ether, a synthetic fuel of ethanol and petroleum-based materials), which is considered to be a competitor to bioethanol, has a higher octane number and less hygroscopicity than bioethanol. The danger to the human body is pointed out in the chemical substance examination. Also, depending on the combustion state, there is a risk of generating environmental hormone substances.

In order to eliminate the problems of the conventional example, the present invention improves the yield in biomass fuel production, has a high octane number, low hygroscopicity, high CO ₂ emission reduction effect, and clean exhaust gas. It aims to provide a safe and sustainable way to produce sustainable biomass fuels.

In addition, it will be an effective use of stockpiled rice, old rice, and surplus agricultural, forestry and fisheries resources, and will contribute to improving the food self-sufficiency rate and the energy self-sufficiency rate in Japan.

Although it is a renewable resource, biomass fuel, fusel oil, residue, glycerin, etc. have been discarded or removed so far, and the yield from raw materials to fuel has been low. .
In the present invention, in order to further enhance the effect of the decalcification resource, fusel oil, residue, glycerin and the like are converted into fuel, thereby increasing the yield from the raw material to the fuel.

Biomass fuel has a low octane number and cannot be used alone, and therefore has a low CO ₂ emission reduction effect. Even when fuel is mixed with gasoline, the fuel efficiency deteriorates due to low combustion efficiency.
In addition, when it is mixed in the fuel due to its high hygroscopicity, the inside of the engine may corrode due to moisture contained therein and the performance may be deteriorated, and exhaust gas due to incomplete combustion is also ejected.
Furthermore, in order to prevent hygroscopicity, a dedicated tank is required, which necessitates a fundamental review of the distribution system (stock storage facilities, transport facilities, oil supply facilities, vehicle tanks, etc.), and requires large capital investment. .
Thus, the conventional biomass fuel is a fuel that has many problems to be solved in order to be actually introduced.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention modifies bioethanol, alcohols, glycerin, organic acids and the like into ethers or esters.
By using the etherified and esterified fuel according to the present invention, the octane number and the combustion efficiency are increased, and the fuel can be used as a single substance, and a high CO ₂ emission reduction effect can be realized. Furthermore, since the hygroscopicity becomes low, exhaust gas becomes clean by complete combustion, and the current equipment can be used, so that a huge capital investment for moisture absorption measures can be saved. Further, since the boiling point becomes higher, there is no evaporation loss, and it is possible to provide an innovative and safe fuel with lower flammability.

This invention contributes to the improvement of energy self-sufficiency, the stable procurement of energy, and the reduction of dependence on oil, which are the challenges of Japan's energy strategy.

This invention contributes to the improvement of the energy conversion efficiency of biomass fuel and the establishment of a highly efficient production technique.

According to the present invention, ethanol can be converted into a fuel having a low hygroscopic property and a high octane number. This is a technology that simultaneously achieves improved combustion efficiency and reduced CO ₂ and environmental emissions.

This invention is a technology that converts not only biomass fuel but also surplus products of agricultural, forestry and fishery resources produced in the region, waste from local industries (squeezed liquor of liquor), etc. into energy with high combustion efficiency. It will be possible to contribute to the production of new energy that is highly local and close to the community.

According to the present invention, biomass resources, surplus products of agricultural, forestry and fishery resources produced in the region, wastes from the local industry (squeezed liquor of liquor), etc. are not hygroscopic and can be stored for a long time.

In addition to this, surplus reserves of rice, etc. are stored each time energy is converted and stocked for each region, leading to strengthening of emergency response and contributing to strengthening the constitution of Japan.

This invention makes it possible to use surplus products of agricultural, forestry and fishery resources as raw materials, leading to the activation of the agricultural, forestry and fisheries industries, such as the use of fallow fields and fallow land, and contributes to the improvement of food self-sufficiency.

In addition, the increase in imports of agricultural products from overseas due to the procurement of biomass raw materials will contribute to the elimination of trade friction.

By granting high efficiency energy conversion technology and high combustion efficiency energy production technology of this invention to the countries concerned around the world, improvement of energy use efficiency on a global scale, reduction of dependence on oil, reduction of environmental emissions To contribute.

This invention makes it possible to greatly reduce CO ₂ emissions and contribute to the achievement of the numerical target of the Kyoto Protocol.

The present invention is used to produce fuel oil and residues that have been discarded so far, in order to increase the yield from raw material to fuel when producing bioethanol fuel from biomass raw material.

In the present invention, residues produced when producing biomass fuel, food, liquor, etc., surplus products of agricultural, forestry and fishery resources, etc. are utilized for producing complex alcohol.

This invention is a composite etherification into diethyl ether, ethyl isobutyl ether, diisobutyl ether, etc. by dehydration condensation of complex alcohols such as fusel oil and bioethanol, petroleum-derived ethanol, butanol, octanol, pentanol, etc. It is used for use.

This invention is used for esterification by dehydrating and condensing ethanol with an organic acid for use as a fuel.

This invention is used to convert bioethanol produced domestically or bioethanol imported from overseas into a higher quality fuel.

In the present invention, when biodiesel fuel is produced, glycerin produced as a by-product that has not been converted to fuel has been etherified, propane gasified, esterified and used as a fuel.

The octane number of ether fuel, biodiesel fuel and ester fuel varies slightly depending on the type of residue and the production site. The present invention is utilized for mixing them and adjusting them to an arbitrary octane number.

When a bioethanol fuel is produced from a biomass raw material, the obtained high-octane fuel can be used not only as a single fuel, but also mixed with gasoline and diesel fuel.

When producing bioethanol fuel from biomass raw materials, residues and oils and fats that have been treated as waste in food factories and liquor factories, as well as agriculture, forestry and fisheries resources that have been discarded and disposed of as surplus products are treated in the same process. It can also be converted to highly efficient energy.

Hereinafter, a method for producing a biomass fuel according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a process for producing alcohol from a residue, FIG. 2 shows an example of a chemical formula for producing ether from in-house manufactured bioalcohol, FIG. 3 shows an example of a chemical formula for producing ether from glycerin, FIG. 4 shows an example of a chemical formula for producing propane gas from glycerin, FIG. 5 shows an example of a chemical formula for producing ether from bioethanol made by other companies, and FIG. 6 shows an example of a chemical formula when glycerol and a lower fatty acid react. FIG. 7 shows an example of a chemical formula when an alcohol and a fatty acid react.

FIG. 1 is a view for explaining a process for producing alcohol from a residue, corresponding to claim 2. In this step, during the alcohol fermentation, the former Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used in yeast (yeast) which is roughly classified into the genus Saccharomyces and the genus Candida. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a yeast that undergoes alcoholic fermentation, and sake yeast, wine yeast, beer yeast, and the like have slightly different properties, but are all included in them.
Therefore, by putting yeast such as dry yeast into the residue crushed by the pretreatment, and stirring and managing it at a predetermined temperature, the residue containing cellulose as a main component undergoes alcohol fermentation to produce ethanol and the like. .

Through such alcoholic fermentation, the residue is broken down into ethanol, fusel oil, and residue.
Moreover, complex alcohol, such as ethanol, butanol, octanol, and pentanol, is manufactured by fermenting a residue several times using the said alcohol fermentation.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a chemical formula for producing ether from in-house manufactured bioalcohol corresponding to claim 3, and when producing bioethanol fuel from biomass raw materials, for example, chemical reactions such as a) and b) Happens.
That is, by dehydrating and condensing a complex alcohol such as ethanol at a predetermined temperature in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, diethyl ether is produced, which can be distilled to obtain high-concentration diethyl ether (FIG. 2a). )reference).
Ethanol tertiary butyl ether (ETBE) is produced by dehydrating condensation at a predetermined temperature in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid in the presence of ethanol and butanol (see FIG. 2b).

FIG. 3 shows an example of a chemical formula for producing ether from glycerin corresponding to claim 5.
When producing bioethanol fuel from biomass raw material, the yield from biomass raw material to fuel is increased by converting glycerin produced as a by-product that has not been converted to fuel so far into fuel.
That is, glycerin is co-existed with ethanol, propanol and the like, and dehydrated and condensed at a predetermined temperature in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid to etherify to triethyl glycerin ether and use it as a fuel.

FIG. 4 shows an example of a chemical formula for producing propane gas from glycerin corresponding to claim 6.
When bioethanol fuel is produced from biomass raw materials, propane gas is produced by causing a reduction reaction in the presence of a reducing agent such as oxalic acid to glycerin produced as a by-product. The obtained propane gas is used as fuel.

FIG. 5 shows an example of a chemical formula for producing ether from bioethanol manufactured by other companies in correspondence with claim 7. When producing bioethanol fuel from biomass raw materials, for example, chemical reactions such as a) and b) Happens.
That is, by dehydrating and condensing a complex alcohol such as ethanol at a predetermined temperature in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, diethyl ether is produced, which can be distilled to obtain high-concentration diethyl ether (FIG. 5a). )reference).
Ethanol tertiary butyl ether (ETBE) is produced by dehydration condensation at a predetermined temperature in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid in the presence of ethanol and butanol (see FIG. 5b).
The above reaction formula is basically the same as in FIG.

FIG. 6 corresponds to claim 8 and shows an example of a chemical formula when glycerin and a lower fatty acid react. When glycerin and a lower fatty acid (example of acetic acid) react, triacetylglycerin becomes water. Generate with

FIG. 7 corresponds to claim 9 and shows an example of a chemical formula when the alcohol and the fatty acid react. The alcohol (ethanol) and the fatty acid (acetic acid) react to produce acetylethanol together with water.

The method for producing biomass fuel according to the present invention is not limited to fusel oil and residue produced in producing bioethanol fuel from biomass raw material, but also residue produced when producing food, alcoholic beverages, etc., and surplus products of agriculture, forestry and fishery resources Needless to say, etc. can be used to produce complex alcohols.

It is a figure for demonstrating the process of manufacturing alcohol from a residue. An example of a chemical formula for producing ether from ethanol is shown. An example of a chemical formula for producing ether from glycerin is shown. An example of a chemical formula for producing propane gas from glycerin is shown. It shows an example of a chemical formula for producing ether from bioethanol manufactured by another company. It shows an example of a chemical formula when glycerin and a lower fatty acid react. It shows an example of a chemical formula when alcohol and fatty acid react.

Claims (13)

A method for producing a biomass fuel, characterized in that when producing bioethanol fuel from a biomass raw material, the yield from the raw material to the fuel is increased by converting the conventionally discarded fusel oil and residue into fuel. . A method for producing a biomass fuel, characterized in that when a bioethanol fuel is produced from a biomass raw material, a complex alcohol such as ethanol, butanol, octanol, or pentanol is produced by fermenting the residue a plurality of times. When producing bioethanol fuel from biomass raw materials, complex ethers such as diethyl ether, ethyl / isobutyl ether, and diisobutyl ether are produced by dehydrating and condensing fusel oil and complex alcohols such as ethanol, butanol, octanol, and pentanol. A method for producing biomass fuel, characterized by being used as a fuel. When producing bioethanol fuel from biomass feedstock, the yield from biomass feedstock to fuel is increased by converting glycerin produced as a by-product, which has not been converted to fuel, into fuel. A method for producing biomass fuel. Claims characterized in that when producing bioethanol fuel from biomass raw material, glycerin produced as a by-product is dehydrated and condensed with ethanol, propanol, etc. to etherify to triethyl glycerin ether, etc. and used as fuel. 4. The method for producing biomass fuel according to 4. 5. The method for producing biomass fuel according to claim 4, wherein propane gas is produced and used as fuel by reducing glycerin produced as a by-product when producing bioethanol fuel from biomass raw material. A method for producing a biomass fuel, characterized in that when bioethanol fuel is produced from a biomass raw material, the obtained bioethanol is dehydrated and condensed to etherify into diethyl ether or the like and used as a fuel. 5. The biomass fuel according to claim 4, wherein when producing bioethanol fuel from biomass raw material, glycerin produced as a by-product is esterified by dehydration condensation with a lower organic acid and used as fuel. Production method. A method for producing a biomass fuel, characterized in that, when bioethanol fuel is produced from a biomass raw material, the obtained ethanol is esterified by dehydration condensation with an organic acid and used as a fuel. When producing bioethanol fuel from biomass raw materials, alcohol fuel, ether fuel, biodiesel fuel and ester fuel produced by claims 2 , 3, 4, 5 , 7, 8, 9 are arbitrarily mixed and adjusted. A method for producing biomass fuel, characterized in that a fuel having a constant octane number is obtained. When producing bioethanol fuel from biomass raw materials, ether fuel, biodiesel fuel and ester fuel having different octane numbers depending on the type of residue and production place are mixed and adjusted to any octane number. A method for producing biomass fuel. When producing bioethanol fuel from biomass raw materials, the high-octane fuel obtained can be used not only as a single fuel but also as a mixture of gasoline and diesel fuel. Production method. When producing bioethanol fuel from biomass raw materials, residues and oils and fats that have been treated as waste in food factories and liquor factories, as well as agriculture, forestry and fisheries resources that have been discarded and disposed of as surplus products are treated in the same process. A method for producing biomass fuel, characterized in that it is converted into highly efficient energy.

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