JP2008063945A - Air cooling system using biomass or the like - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cogeneration system using air as a working medium, for efficiently providing cold heat, even if an expensive and large-scale means such as a hydrogen storage alloy vessel is not arranged. <P>SOLUTION: This air cooling system is characterized in that first air from a compressor is distributed into at least two, and electric energy is provided by driving a turbine by burning one compressed air, and cooling air is provided by expanding the other compressed air after a heat exchange. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a cogeneration system using air as a working medium and capable of generating electricity while performing cooling (air conditioning / freezing / refrigeration) using biomass (for example, waste materials) or the like.

A micro gas turbine power generator is an apparatus that generates electric power by using natural gas or biomass (biogas) as fuel, burning it together with compressed air, and driving a small gas turbine. Here, in addition to the generation of electric power, the apparatus is also attracting attention as a cogeneration system that uses waste heat to generate cooling for freezing and cooling. For example, a cogeneration system according to Patent Document 1 includes a micro gas turbine and a high-temperature side hydrogen storage alloy container, and directly or indirectly between the container and the waste heat gas and the cooling heat medium from the micro gas turbine. A drive unit that operates by simple heat exchange and absorbs and releases hydrogen; and a low-temperature-side hydrogen storage alloy storage container; according to the operation of the drive unit, absorbs and releases hydrogen in the container to generate cold, and A cooling / heating output unit that transmits the cooling medium to the cooling medium and supplies the cooling medium to the outside.
JP 2001-349638

  However, in the above-described prior art, it is necessary to install a hydrogen storage alloy container in order to generate cold heat using waste heat, and a process for further transmitting the generated cold heat to the heat medium for cold heat is required. .

  Therefore, the present invention provides an environmentally friendly cogeneration system using air as a working medium, which can efficiently obtain cold heat without providing expensive and large-scale means such as a hydrogen storage alloy container. The purpose is to do.

  Based on the above problems, as a result of earnest research, the present inventors have completed the following inventions (1) to (12).

The present invention (1) introduces the first air and compressors (101, 201) for compressing the first air;
Distribution means (branch) for distributing the first air from the compressor (101, 201) into at least two;
A combustor (115, 215) for introducing one of the first air distributed by the distribution means (branch) and mixing the first air with combustion gas and burning it;
A first turbine (103, 203) that introduces first air from the combustor (115, 215) and expands the first air to obtain mechanical energy;
First generator (104, 204) for converting mechanical energy generated by the first turbine (103, 203) into electrical energy {where preferably, the first generator (104, 204) And the compressor (101, 201) and the first turbine (103, 203) are connected via a single first shaft (107, 207)}.
A first heat exchanger (105, 205) for cooling the other first air distributed by the distributing means;
A second turbine (106, 206) for introducing the first air from the first heat exchanger (105, 205) and expanding the first air to cool the first air. The air cooling / power generation system is configured such that the cooled first air from the two turbines (106, 206) is introduced into the space to be cooled (100, 200). Here, the cooled second air from the second turbine is (1) directly introduced into the cooling target space, (2) the cooling target space in a form in which the temperature is adjusted by mixing with other air, etc. (3) Any form of (4) a combination of (2) and (3) introduced into the space to be cooled after being dehumidified may be employed.

  The present invention (2) is arranged upstream of the combustor (115, 215), and one of the first air distributed by the distribution means (branch) is supplied to the first turbine (103, 203). It is a system of the said invention (1) which further has the 2nd heat exchanger (102, 202) for carrying out heat exchange with the 1st air from.

  This invention (3) is the system of the said invention (1) or (2) which further has the gasification means (116, 216) which fuel-izes biomass.

  In the present invention (4), the second turbine (106) is connected to the compressor (101), the first turbine (103), and the first generator (104) via a first shaft (107). The system according to any one of the inventions (1) to (3).

  According to the present invention (5), the second turbine (206) includes a first shaft (207) to which the compressor (101), the first turbine (103), and the first generator (104) are connected. Any one of the inventions (1) to (3) connected to a second generator (220) different from the first generator (204) via a second shaft (221) different from the first generator (204). Is one system.

  The invention (6) is any one of the inventions (1) to (5), wherein the first generator (104, 204) is a motor generator having a function of driving the compressor (101, 201). One system.

  In the present invention (7), the first heat exchanger (105, 205) introduces the second air (B) for heat exchange with the first air in order to cool the first air. It is any one system of (1)-(6).

  The present invention (8) is the system according to the invention (7), wherein the second air is air in the space to be cooled (100, 200).

  In the present invention (9), the first air introduced into the compressor (101, 201) is a first air source changing means (113, 113) capable of switching to air in the cooling target space or air outside the cooling target space. 213). The system according to any one of the inventions (1) to (8).

  The present invention (10) further comprises dehumidifying means (112, 212) for removing moisture in the first air from the second turbine (106, 206). ) Any one system. It should be noted that the dehumidifying means is not a problem even if dew or snow does not occur even if it is not dehumidified, considering the temperature and humidity of the air introduced into the compressor and the air to be cooled. If it is not possible, or if it can be solved by other methods, it is not always necessary to install it. Further, the installation location of the dehumidifying means is not particularly limited as long as the air from the second turbine is dehumidified, for example, downstream of the second turbine as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, upstream of the compressor, The upstream or downstream of a 1st heat exchanger and the downstream of a cold air temperature adjustment means can be mentioned. Furthermore, there may be a plurality of dehumidifying means, particularly when it is necessary to remove more water {for example, when introducing ultra-low temperature (for example, minus several tens of degrees of air) into the space to be cooled}. (1) The first dehumidifying means (for example, a dehumidifying rotor) is provided upstream of the compressor, upstream or downstream of the first heat exchanger, and (2) downstream of the second turbine or downstream of the cold air temperature adjusting means. It is preferable to provide two dehumidifying means (for example, a dehumidifying rotor is used when air is 0 ° C. or higher, and a dehumidifier capable of accumulating generated snow when the air is lower than 0 ° C.). At this time, the moisture or snow accumulated in the (these) dehumidifying means is, for example, one of exhaust heat from the first turbine, exhaust heat from the second heat exchanger, and exhaust heat from the first heat exchanger. Or it is suitable to remove using what combined.

  The present invention (11) mixes the first air from the second turbine (106, 206) or the dehumidifying means (112, 212) and the third air for heating the first air. The system according to any one of the inventions (1) to (10), further comprising cold air temperature adjusting means (109, 209).

  In the present invention (12), the cold air temperature adjusting means (109, 209) can change the mixing ratio of the first air and the third air continuously or stepwise. System.

  The present invention (13) is the system according to any one of the inventions (1) to (12), wherein the distribution means further includes distribution ratio changing means capable of changing the distribution ratio of the first air.

Here, the definitions of each term in the claims and the specification will be described. “Biomass” is a general term for biomass, and is the same as the definition of FAO (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization). That is, biomass used in the present invention includes agricultural (wheat straw, sugarcane, rice straw, vegetation, etc.), forestry (papermaking waste, sawn timber, thinned wood, firewood forest, etc.), livestock (livestock waste), fisheries System (fishery processing residue), waste system (food waste, RDF (solid waste fuel; Refuse)
Derived Fuel), garden trees, construction waste, sewage sludge) and the like. The “system” is a concept that includes components that may be physically integrated or separated from each other. “Fuel gas” is not particularly limited as long as it is a gas that itself burns to generate heat (for example, gas obtained by decomposing biomass, natural gas, city gas, propane gas, hydrogen gas, etc.) ).

  According to the present invention, there is an effect that cold can be efficiently obtained without providing expensive and large-scale means such as a hydrogen storage alloy container. Furthermore, as compared with the case where the hydrogen storage alloy is used, it is possible to obtain cooling air (for example, minus 50 ° C.) having a much lower temperature. In addition, since the working medium is air, the working medium itself can be discharged as cooling air into the space to be cooled. Therefore, the generated cooling heat as in the case of using the hydrogen storage alloy can be further reduced. There is also an effect that the process of telling to is unnecessary.

  Hereinafter, an example of cooling the space to be cooled (for example, a building) will be described as the best mode. First, a cogeneration system according to the first best mode (single axis system) of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, as shown in FIG. 1, the cogeneration system according to the present invention includes a gas turbine power generation system including a compressor 101, a second heat exchanger 102, a combustor 115, a first turbine 103, and a first motor generator 104. And a first heat exchanger 105 and a second turbine 106 which are features of the present invention. Hereinafter, first, the gas turbine power generation system will be described in detail.

  The gas turbine power generation system according to the best mode includes a compressor 101, a second heat exchanger 102, a combustor 115, a first turbine 103, and a first motor generator 104. Hereinafter, each element will be described.

  First, the compressor 101 introduces air from the inlet, compresses the air, and discharges the compressed air from the outlet. Here, the compressor 101 is connected to the first turbine 103 and the second turbine 106 via a single first shaft 107 as described later. Therefore, the driving source of the compressor 101 is first mechanical energy transmitted from the first turbine 103 and the second turbine 106 via the first shaft 107. Furthermore, as will be described later, the compressor 101 can also be driven by driving the first motor generator 104 with electric energy. In particular, the driving of the compressor 101 at the time of starting is performed by driving the first motor generator 104.

  Here, the air introduced into the compressor 101 may be only external air, only air in the cooling target space, or mixed air of external air and air in the cooling target space. . For example, as shown in FIG. 1, you may install the 1st air source change means 113 for switching these. By providing the means, for example, when it is desired to cool the inside of the cooling target space earlier, the air introduced into the compressor 101 is only the air from the cooling target space, and when it is desired to ventilate the space, the compressor 101 It is possible to make the air introduced into the outside air only. In addition, you may comprise so that the said means may not be provided but only the external air or the air from cooling object space may be introduce | transduced into the compressor 101. FIG.

  Next, the first air from the compressor 101 moves downstream from two holes (distribution means) provided near the outlet of the compressor. Here, the compressed air ejected from one hole is guided to the second heat exchanger 102 described later, and the compressed air ejected from the other hole is guided to the first heat exchanger 105 described later. Here, the distribution ratio can be changed, for example, by changing the diameters of the two holes. The distribution ratio will be described later.

  Next, the second heat exchanger 102 introduces one compressed air from the compressor 101 and also introduces the first air from the first turbine 103, and heats the compressed air and the first air internally. As a result of the exchange, hot compressed air is discharged from the outlet.

  Next, the combustor 115 introduces the heated compressed air from the second heat exchanger 102, introduces the combustion gas from the gas supply means 116, and burns the mixed gas with the compressed air. The compressed air is further heated. Here, the gas is not particularly limited as long as it is a gas that generates heat by combustion, and examples thereof include generally used gases (city gas and the like). Here, in this best mode, an example in which biomass gasified is used as the combustion gas will be described. In this case, the gas supply means 116 functions as a gasification means for combustion (fuel) gasification of biomass. Here, a technique for combusting biomass gas is known, and is described in, for example, JP-A-2006-26474 and JP-A-2006-8872. A technique for removing tar in gas is, for example, a special technique. Open 2006-16479.

  Next, the first turbine 103 introduces outlet air (hot compressed air) from the combustor 115, converts the heat energy of the air into mechanical energy, and then sends the air to the second heat exchanger 102. Discharge towards.

  Next, the first motor generator 104 can convert mechanical energy generated by the compressor 101, the first turbine 103, and the second turbine 106 and transmitted through the first shaft 107 into electrical energy. As long as the first turbine 103 and the second turbine 106 can be driven via the first shaft 107, there is no particular limitation. Moreover, the position is not limited to the aspect shown in figure, For example, the outer side of a compressor may be sufficient. Here, the electricity generated by the first motor generator 104 is stored in the storage battery 108 via the AC / DC converter 111, for example. When the electricity is used, it is sent to each element (including the first motor generator 104) via the AC / DC converter 111. Here, as described above, the driving of the compressor 101 at the time of starting is performed by the driving of the first motor generator 104. In the best mode, a motor generator is used, but the motor and the generator may be separate.

  Since the outline of the turbine power generation system has been described above, each element (the first heat exchanger 105, the second turbine 106, etc.) that is a characteristic part of the present invention will be described in detail below.

  First, the first heat exchanger 105 introduces compressed air ejected from the other hole provided near the outlet of the compressor 101, and cools the compressed air from another route (B in the figure). As a result of heat exchange between the compressed air and the air inside, the compressed air whose temperature is further lowered is discharged from the outlet. Here, the distribution ratio of the compressed air to the second heat exchanger 102 and the compressed air to the first heat exchanger 105 is the compressed air to the second heat exchanger 102 from the viewpoint of securing sufficient power. It is preferable to increase the number. More preferably, the distribution ratio (compressed air to the second heat exchanger / total compressed air) is 60% or more. However, when the compressed air from the combustor 115 has a higher temperature, the distribution ratio may be reduced (for example, 50% or less). The distribution ratio changing means for changing the distribution ratio of the outlet air from the compressor 101 (the ratio of the amount of the outlet air guided to the second heat exchanger 102 and the outlet air guided to the first heat exchanger 105). (For example, a means for changing the sizes of both holes) may be provided at the branch point. By providing the means, it is possible to give priority to power generation or cool air generation according to needs. Further, the distribution ratio changing means may be configured to automatically change the distribution ratio based on the temperature of the compressed air from the combustor 115, the amount of gas sent to the combustor 115, etc. (for example, When the amount of gas is large, the amount ratio of the outlet air guided to the first heat exchanger is increased. On the other hand, when the amount of gas is small, the amount ratio of the outlet air induced to the second heat exchanger is increased. increase).

  Here, examples of the air B for cooling the compressed air include air in the space to be cooled and external air. From the viewpoint of cooling the compressed air, it is preferable to use the air in the cooling target space having a low temperature.

  Next, the second turbine 106 introduces outlet air from the first heat exchanger 105 (compressed air whose temperature has decreased), converts the thermal energy of the air into mechanical energy, and then converts the atmospheric energy into ultra-low temperature air at normal pressure. Is discharged from the outlet. Here, in the first best mode, the second turbine 106 is connected to the first shaft 107 (the shaft connecting the first turbine 103 and the compressor 101), and mechanical energy generated in the second turbine 106. Is transmitted to the compressor 101 via the first shaft 107.

  Next, in order to remove moisture (for example, snow and ice) of the low temperature air discharged from the second turbine 106, a dehumidifying means 112 is provided downstream of the second turbine 106 as shown in FIG. Also good. Here, the dehumidifying means 112 is preferably of a type that removes snow or ice on the filter. The snow and ice adhering to the dehumidifying means 112 are heated, for example, periodically (for example, several times per minute) (for example, hot air from the first turbine 103, the first heat exchanger 105). The heat-exchanging high-temperature air B or the like can be removed by temporarily switching or blowing it by partially inducing the air. The dehumidifying means 112 uses, for example, a dehumidification rotor when the air from the second turbine 106 does not reach below freezing point. Further, the dehumidifying means is not necessarily used when moisture is not generated or when there is no problem.

  Furthermore, in order to raise the temperature of the ultra-low temperature air discharged from the second turbine 106, a cold air temperature adjusting means 109 may be further provided downstream of the second turbine 106 or the dehumidifier 112 as shown in FIG. Good. Here, the cool air temperature adjusting means 109 introduces the outlet air (normal pressure ultra-low temperature air) from the second turbine 106 and takes in external air (C in the figure), and mixes these ultra-low temperature air and external air. Thus, the temperature is adjusted to a temperature that can be used for cooling, and the cool air at an appropriate temperature is discharged from the outlet. At this time, it is preferable that the cool air temperature adjusting means 109 can change the mixing ratio of the outlet air and the external air continuously or stepwise. By adopting such a configuration, the temperature can be easily adjusted simply by changing the mixing ratio. Specifically, for example, when entering a space to be cooled (for example, a building) under the hot sun in the summer, it took a considerable amount of time for the air in the space to cool down. Initially, the space is rapidly cooled by increasing the amount of ultra-low temperature air from the second turbine, and when the temperature drops to some extent, the amount of external air mixed with the ultra-low temperature air is increased to release cool air at normal temperature. It is possible to take a configuration. In this way, it is possible to adjust the temperature according to the environment simply by adopting a very simple configuration that changes the mixing ratio of ultra-low temperature air and external air without taking measures to change power consumption as in the past. It becomes. Note that, for example, when ultra-low temperature air from the second turbine 106 is directly used (for example, refrigeration air for a freezer car), or the temperature of the air from the second turbine 106 may be directly introduced into the space to be cooled. When the temperature is not high, the cold air temperature adjusting means 109 is not necessarily used.

  Thus, the greatest feature of the first best mode is that a part of the outlet air (compressed air) from the compressor 101 is used for cooling. That is, in the first best mode, not all of the outlet air (compressed air) from the compressor 101 is used for power generation of the turbine, but a part of the outlet air is cooled by performing heat exchange, By using a turbine different from the turbine in the turbine system, ultra-low temperature air can be obtained. Thus, rather than cooling the refrigerant (for example, chlorofluorocarbon) using the electrical energy after generating electricity with the turbine, the temperature of the air is directly reduced based on the principle of the thermal cycle using a part of the compressed air. Much higher energy efficiency can be achieved. Furthermore, since it is not necessary to use Freon at all, it is excellent in environmental compatibility. An additional feature of the first best mode is that the second turbine 106 is connected to the same first first shaft 107 as the first turbine 103, the compressor 101, and the first motor generator 104. . Thereby, the mechanical energy generated in the second turbine 106 can be transmitted to the compressor 101, and the mechanical energy can be converted into electric energy by the first motor generator 104.

  Next, a cogeneration system according to the second best mode (biaxial method) will be described with reference to FIG. Since most parts are the same as the first best mode, only the differences will be described in detail below.

  First, unlike the first best mode, the second turbine 206 according to the best mode is not connected to the same first shaft 207 as the first turbine 203, the compressor 201, and the first motor generator 204. Instead, it is connected to the same second shaft 221 as the second motor generator 220. The second motor generator 220 is stored in the storage battery 224 via the AC / DC converter 222, for example, in the same manner as the first motor generator 204. By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to easily realize the optimum rotational speed of each turbine, and as a result, efficiency can be improved. Moreover, you may comprise so that the rotation speed (pressure ratio) of the 2nd turbine 206 can be changed, and in this case, the temperature of the air from the 2nd turbine 206 can also be changed (in this case, It does not have to be mixed with outside air).

  In the first best mode and the second best mode, high-temperature air such as outlet air from the first turbine or compressed air from the compressor may be used for heating (for example, using these airs partially, Or switchable). In this case, when the temperature is too high as it is, cooling may be performed by mixing with outside air or the like, and the mixed air may be introduced into the target space.

  Here, FIG. 3 shows an example of various parameter values in each component in the cogeneration system according to the first best mode. First, 50% of outlet air (compressed air at 105 ° C.) from the compressor 101 is introduced into the second heat exchanger 102, while 50% is introduced into the first heat exchanger 105. And in the 1st heat exchanger 105, 105 degreeC high temperature compressed air is cooled with 25 degreeC indoor air. Then, the compressed air (40 ° C.) is introduced into the second turbine 106, and energy is taken away by the second turbine 106. As a result, cooling air (−10 ° C.) is discharged from the outlet of the turbine 106. And as a result of the said cooling air being mixed with external air by the cool air temperature adjustment means 109, 15 degreeC air can be obtained.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cogeneration system according to the first best mode (single axis system). FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cogeneration system according to the second best mode (biaxial system). FIG. 3 is an example of various parameter values in each component when the cogeneration system according to the first best mode (biaxial method) is used.

Claims (13)

A compressor for introducing the first air and compressing the first air;
Distributing means for distributing the first air from the compressor into at least two;
A combustor for introducing one first air distributed by the distribution means and mixing the first air with a fuel gas for combustion;
A first turbine that introduces first air from the combustor and expands the first air to obtain mechanical energy;
A first generator for converting mechanical energy generated by the first turbine into electrical energy;
A first heat exchanger for cooling the other first air distributed by the distribution means;
An air cooling / power generation system having a second turbine that introduces first air from the first heat exchanger and expands the first air to cool the first air.   A second heat exchanger disposed upstream of the combustor and configured to exchange heat between the first air distributed by the distributing means and the first air from the first turbine; The system of claim 1.   The system according to claim 1, further comprising gasification means for fuelizing biomass.   The system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second turbine is connected to the compressor, the first turbine, and the first generator via a first shaft.   The second turbine is different from the first generator through a second shaft different from the first shaft to which the compressor, the first turbine and the first generator are connected. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the system is connected to the system.   The system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first generator is a motor generator having a function of driving the compressor.   The system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first heat exchanger introduces second air for heat exchange with the first air in order to cool the first air.   The system according to claim 7, wherein the second air is air in a space to be cooled.   The said 1st air introduce | transduced into the said compressor is further provided with the 1st air source change means which can be switched to the air in the space for cooling, or the air outside the space for cooling. The system described in the section.   The system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising dehumidifying means for removing moisture in the first air from the second turbine.   The cold air temperature adjusting means for mixing the first air from the second turbine or the dehumidifying means and the third air for heating the first air is further provided. A system according to claim 1.   12. The system according to claim 11, wherein the cold air temperature adjusting means can change a mixing ratio of the first air and the third air continuously or stepwise.   The system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the distribution unit further includes a distribution ratio changing unit capable of changing a distribution ratio of the first air.

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