JP2008057670A - Heating value estimation device of clutch - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heating value estimation device of a clutch which can avoid baking, burning or the like by objectively acquiring a heating value of a friction clutch and suppress the increase in manufacturing cost by estimating a heating value of a friction clutch with various existing sensors contained in a vehicle. <P>SOLUTION: The heating value estimation device for a clutch of estimating a heating value of a friction clutch arranged in a vehicle, is equipped with an estimation means 4 for calculating a rotational difference of the frictional clutch and shaft torque with the other sensor from a detected value by an input side sensor which is arranged in an input system from an engine of a vehicle to the friction clutch to obtain a parameter regarding rotation speed of the input system and a detected value by an output side sensor which is arranged in an output system from the friction clutch to a wheel to obtain a parameter regarding rotation speed of the output system and for estimating the heating value of the friction clutch from the product of the calculated rotational difference and shaft torque. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a clutch heat generation amount estimation device for estimating a heat generation amount of a friction clutch provided in a vehicle.

Vehicles such as motorcycles and automobiles are usually provided with a clutch for intermittently transmitting power from the engine to the drive system. Such clutches are mainly classified into friction clutches, fluid clutches, and electromagnetic clutches according to their structures and forms. Among these clutches, friction clutches cause changes in the characteristics of friction materials at high temperatures, shortening their service life. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-221345

  However, conventionally, since the heat generation amount of the friction clutch has not been measured, it is possible to objectively grasp whether or not the heat generation amount causes a problem (for example, clutch seizure or burnout) with respect to the friction clutch. There was a problem that I could not. However, it is conceivable to directly monitor the friction clutch with a non-contact sensor and detect the amount of heat generated. However, in that case, it is necessary to newly install sensors, which increases the manufacturing cost. There is.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and by estimating the heat generation amount of the friction clutch with various existing sensors provided in the vehicle, the heat generation amount of the friction clutch can be objectively grasped and seized. Another object of the present invention is to provide a clutch calorific value estimation device that can avoid burnout and the like and can suppress an increase in manufacturing cost.

  The invention according to claim 1 is a clutch heat generation amount estimation device for estimating a heat generation amount of a friction clutch disposed in a vehicle, and is disposed in an input system between a vehicle engine and the friction clutch. The detected value of the input side sensor for obtaining the parameter relating to the rotational speed of the input system and the output side sensor for obtaining the parameter relating to the rotational speed of the output system disposed in the output system between the friction clutch and the wheel. Estimating the rotational difference of the friction clutch from the detected value, calculating the shaft torque from the detected value by other sensors, and estimating the heat generation amount of the friction clutch from the product of the calculated rotational difference and the shaft torque Means are provided.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the clutch heat generation amount estimation device according to the first aspect, based on the heat generation amount of the friction clutch estimated by the estimation means, it is determined whether or not the friction clutch has become a temperature higher than a set value. Judgment means for judging is provided.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the clutch heat generation amount estimation device according to the second aspect, the determination means determines the temperature of the friction clutch based on an arrival temperature that converges with time when the clutch heat generation amount is constant. It is estimated and it is determined whether it became high temperature by the estimated temperature.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the clutch heat generation amount estimating apparatus according to the second or third aspect, the control means is provided on the condition that the determination means determines that the friction clutch has become hotter than a set value. The friction clutch can be controlled to reduce the shaft torque.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the clutch heat generation amount estimation device according to any one of the second to fourth aspects, the determination means determines that the friction clutch has become hotter than a set value. As a condition, the driver can be warned by a warning means.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the clutch heat generation amount estimation device according to any one of the second to fifth aspects, the determination means determines that the friction clutch has become hotter than a set value. The condition is stored as a condition by a storage means.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the detection value of the input side sensor which is disposed in the input system between the engine of the vehicle and the friction clutch and obtains a parameter relating to the rotational speed of the input system, and from the friction clutch to the wheel The rotation difference of the friction clutch is calculated from the detected value of the output side sensor that is arranged in the output system between the two and obtains the parameter relating to the rotation speed of the output system, and the shaft torque is calculated from the detected value of the other sensor Since the estimation means for estimating the heat generation amount of the friction clutch from the product of the calculated rotation difference and the shaft torque is provided, the friction is obtained by using the existing one that the vehicle has the input side sensor and the output side sensor. The amount of heat generated by the clutch can be estimated.

  Therefore, by estimating the heat generation amount of the friction clutch with various existing sensors provided in the vehicle, the heat generation amount of the friction clutch can be objectively grasped and seizure or burnout can be avoided, and the manufacturing cost increases. Can be suppressed.

  According to the second aspect of the invention, since the determination means for determining whether or not the friction clutch has become higher than the set value based on the heat generation amount of the friction clutch estimated by the estimation means, Even a user who cannot grasp whether or not the friction clutch is adversely affected can surely grasp whether or not there is an adverse effect due to heat generation in the friction clutch.

  According to the invention of claim 3, the determination means estimates the temperature of the friction clutch based on the reached temperature that converges with the passage of time when the clutch heat generation amount is constant, and whether or not the temperature has become high due to the estimated temperature. Therefore, it is possible to grasp the presence or absence of an adverse effect due to heat generation in the friction clutch more reliably.

  According to the invention of claim 4, since it is possible to control the shaft torque of the friction clutch to be reduced by the control means on the condition that the determination means determines that the friction clutch has become hotter than the set value, An adverse effect due to heat generation can be automatically avoided.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the warning means can warn the driver on the condition that the determination means determines that the friction clutch has become higher in temperature than the set value. It is possible to grasp more reliably and early.

  According to the invention of claim 6, since the determination is stored by the storage means on the condition that the determination means determines that the friction clutch has become higher than the set value, it has occurred in the past during maintenance of the vehicle. It is possible to easily grasp the adverse effects (the number of times the temperature has become higher than the set value, the maximum temperature reached, the presence or absence thereof, history, etc.) due to the heat generated by the friction clutch.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.
The clutch heat generation amount estimation apparatus according to this embodiment is for estimating the heat generation amount of a friction clutch in a two-wheeled vehicle equipped with a multi-plate manual type friction clutch, for example, as shown in FIG. Estimator 4, determination unit 5 and control unit 6 formed in the unit), input side sensor 2, output side sensor 3, warning lamp 7 as a warning unit, and storage unit 9 formed in the ECU 1. And is composed mainly of.

  The input side sensor 2 is composed of various existing sensors that are disposed in an input system between the engine of the vehicle and the friction clutch 12 (see FIG. 2) and obtain parameters relating to the rotational speed of the input system. It consists of an engine speed (Ne) detection sensor and the like. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the input side sensor 2 is a system including an engine E disposed on the engine side (input system), the crankshaft 10, and a driving side friction material with respect to the friction clutch 12 of the vehicle. A desired parameter related to the rotational speed such as 11 is detected, and the detected value can be output to the ECU 1.

  The output side sensor 3 is provided in an output system between the friction clutch 12 and the wheels, and includes various existing sensors for obtaining parameters relating to the rotational speed of the output system. For example, the counter shaft rotational speed (Nc), It consists of sensors that detect various parameters such as wheel rotation speed (Nt). That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the output side sensor 3 includes a transmission gear 13 disposed on the wheel side (output system) with respect to the vehicle friction clutch 12, a main shaft 13 a constituting the transmission gear 13, and a counter. Desired parameters relating to the rotational speed of the shaft 13b, the chain 14, the wheels 15 and the like are detected, and the detected values can be output to the ECU 1.

Note that the ECU 1 includes parameters (throttle opening (θ) detected by other existing sensors (various sensors installed in the engine and the vehicle body), intake manifold negative pressure (inmani negative pressure)), and suction. (Various parameters such as air amount or gear position) are also output.

  The estimation means 4 calculates the shaft torque from the detection value of the input side sensor 2 input to the ECU 1, the detection value of the output side sensor 3, and the detection value of other existing sensors, thereby rotating the friction clutch. The difference (the rotational difference between the friction material on the driving side and the friction material on the driven side) and the shaft torque (clutch shaft torque) (Tc) included in the friction clutch are calculated, and the product of the calculated rotation difference and the shaft torque is calculated. From this, the heat generation amount of the friction clutch is estimated.

  For example, engine speed (Ne), counter shaft speed (Nc), main shaft axis (clutch output shaft) speed (No), wheel speed (Nt), mission ratio (Rm), primary ratio (gear ratio) (Rp) When the secondary deceleration ratio (chain) (R2) is detected as a parameter, the rotational difference of the friction clutch 12 is calculated by the following arithmetic expression. However, the mission ratio (Rm), primary ratio (gear ratio) (Rp), and secondary deceleration ratio (chain) (R2) are known parameters, and other parameters are input to the ECU 1 in real time. .

Clutch input rotation speed = Ne / Rp
Clutch output rotation speed = No = Nc × Rm = Nt × R2 × Rm
Therefore, the rotation difference of the friction material 12 is calculated by any of the following arithmetic expressions.
Rotational difference of friction clutch 12 = (clutch input rotational speed−clutch output rotational speed) = Ne / Rp−No = Ne / Rp−Nc × Rm = Ne / Rp−Nt × R2 × Rm (1)

  On the other hand, the estimation of the engine estimated shaft torque (Te) can be obtained based on a three-dimensional graph (three-dimensional map) as shown in FIG. That is, characteristic values are measured in advance with the X axis as the engine speed (rpm), the Y axis as the throttle opening (deg), and the Z axis as the estimated engine torque (Nm). Get it. It should be noted that the intake manifold negative pressure or the intake air amount may be used instead of the throttle opening on the Y axis in the graph of FIG.

As a result, the engine estimated shaft torque (Te) can be estimated. Therefore, when the transmission efficiency (ε) and the primary ratio (Rp) from the engine 9 to the friction clutch 12 are used, the clutch shaft torque is expressed by the following equation. It is calculated by. The transmission efficiency (ε) and primary ratio (Rp) are known parameters.
Clutch shaft torque (Tc) = Te × Rp × ε (2)

  Thus, the amount of heat generated by the friction clutch 12 can be approximated by the product of the rotational difference obtained by the above equation (1) and the clutch shaft torque (Tc) obtained by the equation (2). The power generation amount of the clutch should be estimated to be a value obtained by the following arithmetic expression.

  Clutch heat generation = rotational difference × clutch shaft torque = (clutch input rotation speed−clutch output rotation speed) × clutch shaft torque = (Ne / Rp−No) × Tc = (Ne / Rp−No) × Te × Rp × ε = (Ne / Rp-Nc * Rm) * Te * Rp * [epsilon] = (Ne / Rp-Nt * R2 * Rm) * Te * Rp * [epsilon] (3)

  The determination unit 5 determines whether or not the friction clutch 12 has become higher in temperature than the set value based on the heat generation amount of the friction clutch 12 estimated by the estimation unit 4. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, when the estimated amount of heat generated by the clutch continuously exceeds a set value, it is determined that the friction clutch 12 has become hot. That is, when the estimated heat generation amount continuously exceeds the set value, it is determined that the temperature has reached a temperature that can adversely affect the friction material (for example, clutch seizure or burnout). As a result, even a user who cannot determine whether the friction clutch is adversely affected only by the heat generation amount can reliably determine whether there is an adverse effect due to heat generation in the friction clutch.

  The control means 6 controls to reduce the shaft torque of the friction clutch 12 on the condition that the determination means 5 determines that the friction clutch 12 has become hotter than the set value (a temperature that can adversely affect the friction material). To get. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, when the estimated amount of heat generated by the clutch continuously exceeds a set value, control is performed to reduce the output torque of the engine, the heat generated by the friction clutch 12 is suppressed, and the temperature Is configured to be reduced to an allowable range.

  The engine output torque can be reduced by a method such as retarding the ignition timing of the engine E from the normal control value, decreasing the amount of injected fuel from the normal control value, or cutting the fuel, for example, by wire type In the throttle, in combination with the above control, the output torque can be reduced by reducing the throttle opening.

  The warning light 7 is composed of, for example, an LED or the like disposed on the meter panel, and lights or blinks on the condition that the friction clutch 12 is determined to be higher than the set value by the determination unit 5 and is lit to the driver. Can be warned. Instead of the warning light 7, other forms (such as a warning by sounding a buzzer or the like, or a warning by displaying characters or symbols) may be used. Thereby, it is possible to grasp the adverse effect of heat generated in the friction clutch 12 more reliably and early.

  The failure diagnosing device 8 is connected to the ECU 1 at the time of maintenance or the like and grasps what kind of failure has occurred, and is stored in the storage means 9 in the ECU 1 as a code in the connected state as a code. Can be read and displayed. Accordingly, on the condition that the determination means 5 determines that the friction clutch 12 has become hotter than the set value, the determination can be stored in the storage means 9 as a code. As a result, it is possible to easily grasp the presence or absence of adverse effects (the number of times the temperature has become higher than the set value, the maximum temperature reached, their presence or absence, history, etc.) caused by heat generated in the friction clutch 12 in the past during vehicle maintenance or the like. Can do.

Next, the control in the clutch heat generation amount estimation apparatus according to the above embodiment will be described based on the flowchart of FIG.
First, it is determined whether or not the condition is appropriate for detecting the amount of heat generated by the friction clutch 12 (S1). The detection condition at this time is a condition for accurately estimating the amount of heat generated by the friction clutch 12, and examples thereof include the following conditions. For example, the engine speed is 2000 (rpm) or more, the vehicle speed is 50 km / h or less, the throttle opening is greater than 0 deg, and the gear positions are not neutral.

  When the appropriate condition is satisfied, the process proceeds to S2, and the heat generation amount of the friction clutch 12 is estimated in real time by the estimating means 4. Such estimation is performed through the above-described arithmetic expressions (1) to (3). Thereafter, it is determined whether or not the friction clutch 12 (friction surface of the friction material) has become higher than the set value by the determination means 5 (S3). Then, for example, the output of the engine E is controlled so as to reduce the shaft torque of the friction clutch 12 (S4).

  At this time, in addition to or in place of the control by the control means 6, a warning by the warning light 7, or a failure code for the storage means 8 (the number of times the temperature has become higher than the set value, the maximum temperature reached, the presence or absence thereof, (History etc.) is preferably written. As described above, a series of controls are completed, and the process returns to S1 to determine again whether or not the detection condition is satisfied.

  According to the present embodiment as described above, since the heat generation amount of the friction clutch 12 can be estimated using the existing sensor provided in the vehicle with the input side sensor 2 and the output side sensor 3, the friction clutch 12 It is possible to objectively grasp the amount of generated heat to avoid seizure and burnout, and to suppress an increase in manufacturing cost. That is, according to the present embodiment, the amount of heat generated by the wear clutch 12 can be estimated by simply rewriting the program of the ECU 1 in the existing vehicle.

  Further, since the judging means 5 for judging whether or not the friction clutch 12 has become higher in temperature than the set value based on the heat generation amount of the friction clutch 12 estimated by the estimating means 4, the friction clutch 12 can be determined only by the heat generation amount. Even a user who cannot grasp whether or not it adversely affects the friction clutch 12 can reliably grasp whether or not there is an adverse effect due to heat generation in the friction clutch 12.

  Although the present embodiment has been described above, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be applied to a vehicle having a centrifugal (CVT) type power transmission path as shown in FIG. 6, for example. In the same figure, the codes | symbols 16 and 17 have shown the V belt and the reduction gear. In this case, the heat generation amount of the clutch can be estimated using the belt ratio (Rv) of the V belt 16 as one of the parameters.

  For example, when clutch input speed (Ni), clutch output speed (No), wheel speed (Nt), and reduction gear ratio (Rg) are detected, clutch input speed (Ni) = Ne / Rv, clutch output speed Since the number (No) = Nt × Rg, the rotation difference of the friction clutch 12 = (clutch input rotation speed−clutch output rotation speed) = Ne / Rv−Nt × Rg.

Further, as in the previous embodiment, the engine estimated shaft torque (Te) can be estimated from the three-dimensional map shown in FIG. 3, so that when the transmission efficiency (ε) from the engine 9 to the friction clutch 12 is used, the clutch The shaft torque is calculated by the following arithmetic expression. The transmission efficiency (ε) is a known parameter.
Clutch shaft torque (Tc) = Te × Rv × ε

  Since the heat generation amount of the friction clutch 12 can be approximated by the product of the rotation difference obtained by the above equation and the clutch shaft torque (Tc), the clutch heat generation amount to be estimated is obtained by the following equation. It can be estimated to be a value.

  Clutch heat generation = rotational difference × clutch shaft torque = (clutch input rotation speed−clutch output rotation speed) × clutch shaft torque = (Ni−No) × Tc = (Ne / Rv−No) × Te × Rv × ε = ( Ne / Rv−Nt × Rg) × Te × Rv × ε

  Here, in the above-described embodiment, the determination unit 5 is configured to determine that the friction clutch 12 has become high temperature when the estimated amount of heat generated by the clutch continuously exceeds the set value. Instead, the temperature of the friction clutch 12 may be estimated based on the reached temperature that converges with the passage of time when the clutch heat generation amount is constant, and it may be determined whether or not the estimated temperature has increased. .

  That is, when the heat generation amount (Q) of the clutch per unit time is constant, as shown in FIG. 7, the temperature (t) converges to the set temperature reaching temperature (T) as time passes. When the heat generation amount (Q) of the clutch is plotted on the horizontal axis and the ultimate temperature (T) is plotted on the vertical axis, the increase function as shown in FIG. 8 is obtained.

From this, the estimated clutch temperature (T _n ) can be calculated by the following recurrence formula. However, C represents the smoothing coefficient of the set value.
_Tn = _Tn-1 + C * (T- _Tn-1 )

As shown in FIG. 9, the estimated temperature (T _n ) of the clutch calculated by the above recurrence formula is expressed as a graph that changes with time (a graph showing a transition independent of the amount of heat generated by the clutch and the reached temperature). Therefore, the determination means 5 can determine that the friction clutch has become high temperature when the estimated temperature (T _n ) exceeds a predetermined set value. Accordingly, it is possible to more reliably determine whether or not there is an adverse effect due to heat generation in the friction clutch.

  Further, the heat generation amount of the clutch estimated by the estimating means 4 may be displayed on a predetermined display means (for example, a display means formed on a meter panel or the like). Moreover, in this embodiment, although applied to a two-wheeled vehicle, you may apply to other vehicles, such as a motor vehicle. Furthermore, the parameters detected by the input side sensor 2 and the output side sensor 3 are not limited to those of the present embodiment, and parameters detected from various existing sensors can be used.

  It is arranged in the input system between the engine of the vehicle and the friction clutch, and it is arranged in the output system between the friction clutch and the wheel, and the detected value of the input side sensor that obtains a parameter relating to the rotational speed of the input system. Calculating the rotational difference of the friction clutch from the detected value of the output side sensor that obtains the parameter relating to the rotational speed of the output system, and calculating the shaft torque from the detected value of the other sensor, As long as the heat generation amount estimation device for the clutch is provided with an estimation means for estimating the heat generation amount of the friction clutch from the product with the shaft torque, it can be applied to various forms such as those provided with other functions.

The block diagram which shows the whole structure of the emitted-heat amount estimation apparatus of the clutch which concerns on embodiment of this invention. Schematic diagram of a vehicle to which the heat generation amount estimation device for the clutch is applied The graph which shows the relationship of the engine estimated shaft torque which should be referred by the calorific value estimation apparatus of the clutch, an engine speed, and the throttle opening degree A graph showing the relationship between the amount of heat generated by the clutch and the time to be referred to by the judging means in the device for estimating the amount of heat generated by the clutch Flow chart showing the control of the calorific value estimation device of the clutch Schematic of another form of vehicle to which the heat generation amount estimation device for the clutch is applied Graph showing the change in temperature over time when the calorific value is constant Graph showing the relationship between clutch heat generation and ultimate temperature The graph for demonstrating the determination by the determination means in the calorific value estimation apparatus of the other clutch of this invention

Explanation of symbols

1 ECU
2 Input side sensor 3 Output side sensor 4 Estimation means 5 Judgment means 6 Control means 7 Warning light (warning means)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 8 Failure diagnostic machine 9 Memory | storage means 10 Crankshaft 11 The system containing the friction material of the drive side 12 Friction clutch 13 Transmission gear 14 Chain 15 Wheel 16 V belt 17 Reduction gear E Engine

Claims (6)

A heat generation amount estimation device for a clutch for estimating a heat generation amount of a friction clutch disposed in a vehicle,
A detection value of an input side sensor that is provided in an input system between the engine of the vehicle and the friction clutch and obtains a parameter relating to the rotational speed of the input system, and an output system between the friction clutch and the wheel. The rotational difference of the friction clutch is calculated from the detected value of the output side sensor to obtain the parameter relating to the rotational speed of the output system, the shaft torque is calculated from the detected value of the other sensor, and the calculated rotational difference is calculated. An apparatus for estimating the amount of heat generated by a clutch, comprising estimating means for estimating the amount of heat generated by a friction clutch from the product of the torque and shaft torque.   The clutch heat generation amount according to claim 1, further comprising a determination unit that determines whether or not the friction clutch has become a temperature higher than a set value based on the heat generation amount of the friction clutch estimated by the estimation unit. Estimating device.   The determination means estimates the temperature of the friction clutch based on the reached temperature that converges with time when the clutch heat generation amount is constant, and determines whether or not the estimated temperature has become high. The apparatus for estimating a calorific value of a clutch according to claim 2.   The control means can control the shaft torque of the friction clutch to be decreased on the condition that the determination means determines that the friction clutch has become hotter than a set value. The clutch heat generation amount estimation device.   5. The driver can be warned by the warning means on condition that the judgment means judges that the friction clutch has become higher in temperature than a set value. The heat generation amount estimation device for the clutch according to claim 1.   6. The determination according to claim 2, wherein the determination is stored by the storage unit on condition that the determination unit determines that the friction clutch has become higher in temperature than a set value. Heat generation amount estimation device for clutch.

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