JP2008057523A - Stirling engine and stirling refrigerator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent leakage of a working gas by eliminating a seal part of a movable part and to enhance performance, in a Stirling engine provided with a displacer cylinder for sliding a displacer therein. <P>SOLUTION: A displacer cylinder part 1A with a displacer 15 slidably arranged therein, and a piston cylinder 1B with a piston 20 slidably arranged therein are formed in a cylinder 1 arranged to be reciprocative with respect to a base 2 and having the inside sealed; and a link rod mechanism 14 having one side connected to the cylinder 1 and the other side connected to an output shaft 10 is provided. A fixation means 21 relatively fixing the piston 20 to the base 2 is arranged, and the cylinder 1 itself is reciprocated, whereby the cylinder 1 can be perfectly sealed to eliminate leakage of the working gas G, and torque can be generated not only by expansion of the working gas G in the cylinder 1 but also by contraction of the working gas G. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a Stirling engine, a Stirling engine, and a Stirling refrigerator.

  The conventional Stirling engine is configured such that the piston operates in response to a pressure change in the working chamber as the working gas is expanded and contracted by heating and cooling.

  In the basic cycle of a conventional Stirling engine, a displacer 101 is slidably provided on one side of the cylinder 100 and a piston 102 is slidably provided on the other side of the cylinder 100 as shown in FIG. . One end of the cylinder 100 is closed, but an opening 100A is formed at the other end. In the cylinder 100, a high temperature (expansion) portion 103 is formed between the one end and the displacer 101 in the cylinder 100, and a low temperature (compression) portion 104 is formed between the displacer 101 and the piston 102, Further, between the high temperature (expansion) portion 103 and the low temperature (compression) portion 104 is provided a passage 105 through which a working fluid (not shown) called working gas or the like built in the cylinder 100 can move. In 105, a heating unit 106, a regenerator 107, and a cooler 108 are arranged from a high temperature (expansion) unit 103 to a low temperature (compression) unit 104.

  In the first stroke shown in FIG. 15, the piston 102 is at the bottom dead center, the displacer 101 is at the top dead center, and all the working gas is in the low temperature (compression) section 104. In the second stroke shown in FIG. 16, the displacer 101 remains at the top dead center, and the piston 102 compresses the working fluid at a low temperature. In the third stroke shown in FIG. 17, the piston 102 remains at the top dead center. The displacer 101 moves the working fluid from the low temperature (compression) unit 104 to the high temperature (expansion) unit 103. In the fourth stroke shown in FIG. 18, the high temperature working fluid expands, and both the piston 102 and the displacer 101 are at the bottom dead center. Next, the displacer 101 ascends while the piston 102 remains at the bottom dead center, and the working fluid is returned to the low temperature (compression) section 104 to be connected to the state of the first stroke again.

  However, a gas with small specific heat, such as helium or hydrogen, is used as the working fluid to improve the thermal efficiency, and as the pressure increases, the leakage of the working fluid from the seal part of the engine has become a major problem, resulting in performance degradation. There are difficulties in maintenance, an increase in the weight of the engine body, an increase in manufacturing costs and maintenance costs, and the fact that Stirling engines are said to be superior to conventional internal combustion engines but are not commercialized.

  This leakage of working gas does not mean leakage from the piston ring of the power piston into the engine body (crank chamber), but leakage from the sliding or rotating part of the output shaft to the outside of the engine. is there.

And a link rod mechanism that connects the displacer and the crankshaft. The link rod mechanism is formed such that one end is connected to the displacer and the other end communicates with one of the cooling side chamber and the heating side chamber of the displacer cylinder. A first rod slidably disposed in the sealed cylinder, a second rod having one end connected to the crankshaft, and one end connected to the other end of the second rod and the other end A third rod provided with a holder slidable along the outer peripheral surface of the sealing cylinder and superposed with the other end of the first rod; the other end of the third rod; However, there is a known magnetic drive mechanism that is provided at the other end of the rod and transmits the driving force of the third rod to the first rod. It is possible to prevent leakage of the working gas from the cylinder (from the working chamber to the main body, that is, the crank chamber).

  However, the leakage of the working gas from the piston ring of the power piston, that is, the leakage from the working chamber to the fuselage body, that is, the crank chamber, is inevitable as long as the piston ring is used in any engine. What is leaking from the engine body to the outside. In particular, it is very difficult to prevent leakage from the sliding portion, and leakage from the piston ring to the engine body (crank chamber) cannot be avoided as long as the piston ring is used in any engine. Therefore, it is general that the sliding portion is integrated in the engine main body (crank chamber) so as to have a somewhat easy rotating portion sealing structure.

  Therefore, it is general that the sliding portion is integrated in the engine main body (crank chamber) so as to have a somewhat easy rotating portion sealing structure. Therefore, since the crank chamber is at a high pressure, it has a structure that can withstand the high pressure, which leads to an increase in size, weight, and manufacturing cost of the engine. Also, a very high-precision seal structure is required for the seal of the rotating part, which increases the maintenance cost compared to the difficulty of maintenance. This is said to be one of the reasons why Stirling engines are not popularized.

  Further, there is a structure in which a cylinder filled with a high-pressure working gas is held in an engine body to always fill the leaked working machine body against the working gas leakage.

  In the engine structure described above, the problem remains that high-pressure working fluid accumulates in the crank chamber and eventually leaks from the seal portion of the crankshaft to the atmosphere.

  Therefore, the crank chamber must have a structure that can withstand high pressure, and the above-described various problems occur, such as the need for an advanced seal structure.

  Therefore, in the free piston type Stirling engine of the present invention to be described later, the engine body is hermetically sealed and there is no seal, so the leakage from the piston ring is only inside the engine body and there is no leakage to the outside. Is an ideal structure. That is, the engine main body is hermetically sealed and there is no seal portion connected to the outside of the engine, and the leakage from the piston ring is only in the engine main body and does not leak to the outside. Therefore, it becomes an ideal structure regarding the leakage of the working fluid.

  However, in a free piston type Stirling engine, since the engine is hermetically sealed, a method for extracting the power of the piston to the outside of the engine has not yet been established. That is, in a free piston type Stirling engine, since the engine is sealed, not only is the control difficult because the piston is moved regardless of the load fluctuation, but it is also difficult to extract the piston power to the outside of the engine. .

  Moreover, a free piston type Stirling refrigerator is known as an example of a Stirling engine. In this Stirling refrigerator, a displacer and a piston are arranged in a cylinder assembled to a casing to provide an operating space including an expansion space and a compression space. A working medium such as helium is present inside the working space, and the expansion space and the compression space communicate with each other through the working medium passage. In the working medium passage, a regenerator for accumulating the heat of the working medium and supplying the accumulated heat to the working medium is disposed. The piston is integrated with a piston spring at the rear end, and is reciprocated in the axial direction of the cylinder by a linear motor or the like. The displacer is integrated with the displacer spring via a displacer rod that passes through the piston. The displacer spring and the piston spring are connected by a bolt and disposed in the back pressure space (for example, Patent Document 2).

  Moreover, in the conventional Stirling refrigerator, the Stirling refrigerator which shared the cylinder by arrange | positioning a piston and a displacer on the same axis is becoming common. In addition, so-called free piston type Stirling refrigerators configured such that the displacer resonates with the piston in response to a pressure change of the refrigerant gas caused by the reciprocating movement of the piston without directly driving the displacer are becoming common.

  In such a case, the piston reciprocates in the cylinder in the axial direction. By supplying the linear motor with AC power having a frequency that matches the resonance frequency determined by the total mass of the piston system and the spring constant of the leaf spring, the piston system starts a smooth sinusoidal reciprocation. Further, in the displacer system, the resonance frequency determined by the total mass of the displacer system and the spring constant of the leaf spring is set so as to resonate with the driving frequency of the piston 3, so that the displacer receives the force of reciprocating movement of the piston system. The system also starts a sine wave-like reciprocating motion smoothly.

  In the working space in the compression chamber, the working gas is repeatedly compressed and expanded as the piston reciprocates. Along with this pressure change, the displacer also starts to reciprocate. At this time, there is a phase difference between the piston and the displacer due to flow resistance between the compression chamber and the expansion chamber. As described above, in the free piston type Stirling refrigerator, the displacer vibrates synchronously with the piston with a predetermined phase difference and amplitude ratio during steady operation.

  By such operation of the Stirling refrigerator, a reverse Stirling cycle is realized between the compression chamber and the expansion chamber. In the compression chamber, the temperature of the working gas increases based on the isothermal compression change, and in the expansion chamber 7, the temperature of the working gas decreases based on the isothermal expansion change.

During operation, the working gas that reciprocates between the compression chamber and the expansion chamber transfers heat to the heat radiating section and the heat absorbing section through the internal heat exchanger when passing through the internal heat exchanger. Since the working gas flowing into the regenerator from the compression chamber is hot, the heat radiating part is heated. On the other hand, since the working gas flowing from the expansion chamber into the regenerator has a low temperature, the heat absorption part is cooled. As described above, the Stirling refrigerator functions as a refrigeration engine by depriving heat from a specific space via the heat absorbing portion and dissipating the heat to the atmosphere via the heat radiating portion. Here, the regenerator exhibits a function as a so-called heat storage device that moves the working gas to each space without mutually transferring the heat of the working gas flowing between the compression chamber and the expansion chamber (for example, Patent Document 3).
JP 2004-60489 A JP-A-2005-195305 JP 2005-256696 A

  The biggest problem with conventional Stirling engines is that working gas leaks out of the engine. Helium or hydrogen used as a working fluid has a very small molecular weight, and is, for example, a fine particle that can penetrate even between molecules of a polymer as a sealing material. Therefore, it is impossible to eliminate leakage from the sealing portion even with the current advanced sealing technology.

  Therefore, the current free piston type Stirling engine eliminates the seal portion and completely seals the engine body to solve this problem. Another problem is how to extract the generated power to the outside of the engine. In the free piston type staying engine, the engine body is completely sealed, so a linear generator is built inside to generate power and take it out in the form of electric power. However, in such a thing, it is difficult to take out large electric power.

  By the way, a conventional free piston engine has a mechanical spring or gas spring attached to a cylinder (restoring force), and operates at a resonance frequency due to a balance between piston mass (inertial force) and load (corresponding to viscosity). When an appropriate piston stroke is obtained due to the balance of the vibration system and an appropriate phase difference is generated in the piston, the piston moves on the same principle as a normal Stirling engine. However, in a free piston engine, the piston stroke changes depending on load fluctuations and operating conditions (temperature and pressure). As described above, the change in the stroke greatly affects the engine descriptive force, so that advanced technology is required for the development of the engine.

  Further, in an engine operating at a high frequency, the piston stroke increases and there is a danger of colliding with the cylinder end face. As described above, since the free piston type engine is operated at a very narrow resonance frequency of the vibration system, the engine becomes inoperable when an excessive load fluctuation occurs.

  In addition, since the piston is built in a completely sealed can body, it is difficult to take out the output, and the free piston type engine is currently used in the form of electric power generated by a linear generator. ing. However, linear generators are inferior in power generation efficiency compared to general rotary generators. Moreover, since it is built in the engine body, there is a problem that the generator cannot be increased in size, and therefore a high-power engine cannot be expected.

  The problem to be solved is that in the Stirling engine, Stirling engine and Stirling refrigerator, the seal part of the movable part is eliminated to prevent leakage of the working gas and to achieve high performance. In addition, the displacer is driven efficiently.

The invention of claim 1 is a cylinder that is provided so as to be movable with respect to the base, is sealed inside, and includes a displacer cylinder and a piston cylinder.
A displacer that divides the displacer cylinder into a compression space and an expansion space;
The piston cylinder comprising a working space communicating with one of the compression space or the expansion space of the displacer;
A piston provided in the piston cylinder;
A Stirling engine comprising a fixing means for fixing the piston relative to the base.

The invention of claim 2 is a cylinder with a sealed inside provided to be reciprocable with respect to the base,
An output take-out mechanism that converts a reciprocating motion of the cylinder into a rotational motion, a displacer cylinder, and a displacer that divides the displacer cylinder into a compression space and an expansion space;
A piston cylinder comprising a working space communicating with one of the compression space or the expansion space of the displacer;
A piston is disposed in the piston cylinder;
A Stirling engine comprising a fixing means for fixing the piston relative to the base.

  The invention of claim 3 is a Stirling engine characterized in that the piston is arranged inside the piston cylinder, is connected to a magnet or a magnetic body, and is fixed remotely from the outside of the piston cylinder.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a magnetic mechanism made of a magnet or a magnetic material is disposed outside the piston cylinder, and the Stirling is fixed by attracting the magnet or the magnetic material according to the third aspect. It is an engine.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a Stirling engine characterized in that the cylinder has the structure of the second aspect and is completely sealed.

The invention of claim 6 is a cylinder sealed inside provided to be reciprocable with respect to the base,
A link rod mechanism that connects one side to the cylinder and the other side to the output shaft;
A displacer cylinder portion formed on one side of the cylinder;
A displacer that is slidably disposed in the displacer cylinder section and divides the displacer cylinder section into a heating side chamber and a cooling side chamber;
Regenerating means for communicating the heating side chamber and the cooling side chamber;
A piston cylinder part formed on the other side in the cylinder;
A piston slidably disposed in the piston cylinder portion;
It is a Stirling engine provided with the fixing means which fixes the said piston relatively with respect to the said base.

  A seventh aspect of the present invention is the Stirling engine according to the sixth aspect, wherein the piston is provided facing the heating side chamber or the cooling side chamber.

  The invention according to claim 8 is the Stirling engine according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the fixing means is a magnetic mechanism.

In the invention according to claim 9, the displacer cylinder portion is formed on one side of the axial center of the cylinder, and the piston cylinder portion is formed on the other side of the axial center of the cylinder.
The fixing means is slidably provided in the piston cylinder part and is connected to the piston, and is provided outside the piston cylinder part and fixed to the base side and the first magnet The Stirling engine according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the Stirling engine is formed by a second magnet having a polarity opposite to that of the magnet.

The invention according to claim 10 is a cylinder that is provided so as to be movable with respect to the base, is sealed inside, and includes a displacer cylinder and a piston cylinder.
A displacer that divides the displacer cylinder into a compression space and an expansion space;
The piston cylinder comprising a working space communicating with one of the compression space or the expansion space of the displacer;
A piston provided in the piston cylinder;
Fixing means for fixing the piston relative to the base;
A Stirling refrigerator comprising a reciprocating drive means provided in the cylinder.

  An eleventh aspect of the present invention is the Stirling engine according to the first aspect, wherein magnets having the same polarity are provided on the displacer side and the cylinder side so that the magnetic fields extend to each other.

  A twelfth aspect of the invention is the Stirling engine according to the second aspect, wherein magnets having the same polarity are provided on the displacer side and the cylinder side so that the magnetic fields extend to each other.

  A thirteenth aspect of the present invention is the Stirling refrigerator according to the tenth aspect, wherein magnets having the same polarity are provided on the displacer side and the cylinder side, respectively, so that the magnetic fields extend to each other.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the slurling engine is sealed and, for example, incorporates a piston in a movable cylinder such as reciprocating movement, and the piston is remotely fixed from the outside of the cylinder by the fixing means. Since the cylinder is completely sealed, there is no leakage of working gas (fluid) from the cylinder. Also, since there is no leakage of working gas, high pressure and maintenance are easy.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, the thrust engine incorporates the piston in a sealed cylinder and fixes the piston remotely from the outside of the cylinder by the fixing means. When the piston is fixed, the expanded working fluid drives the cylinder, and in conjunction with this, it is configured so that power can be taken out via the output take-out mechanism. There is no fluid leakage from the engine cylinder. In addition, since there is no leakage of working gas, high pressure and high output can be achieved, miniaturization and easy maintenance.

  In this way, the Stirling engine eliminates the leakage of the working fluid like the conventional free piston type Stirling engine, and takes out the power generated by a simple method of changing the linear motion of the normal Stirling engine into a rotational motion. This is an innovative Stirling engine that combines the advantages of each.

  According to the invention of claim 3, in the invention, the piston is disposed inside the piston cylinder, is connected to a magnet or a magnetic body, and is fixed remotely from the outside of the piston cylinder.

  According to invention of Claim 4, in the said invention, the magnetic mechanism which consists of a magnet or a magnetic body is arrange | positioned outside the said piston cylinder, and it fixes by attracting | sucking the magnet or said magnetic body of the said Claim 3. Is.

  According to the invention of claim 5, in the invention, the cylinder has the structure of claim 2 and is completely sealed.

  According to the sixth aspect of the invention, the working gas can be sealed in a sealed space formed in the displacer cylinder and the piston cylinder, and leakage of the working gas can be eliminated. Further, not only the expansion of the working gas in the cylinder but also the contraction of the working gas can generate torque, and a high output can be achieved.

  According to the invention of claim 7, a working gas working chamber can be formed between the piston and the heating side chamber or the cooling side chamber.

  According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, the piston can be reliably fixed to the magnetic mechanism without contact.

  According to the invention of claim 9, by reversing the polarities of the first magnet and the second magnet, the piston can be fixed at a predetermined position in a non-contact state using the attractive force with the magnet. .

  According to the invention of claim 10, since the cylinder is completely sealed, there is no leakage of working gas (fluid) from the cylinder. Also, since there is no leakage of working gas, high pressure and maintenance are easy.

  According to the invention of claims 11 to 13, even if the speed of vibration changes due to load fluctuation or the like, the vibration of the displacer can be synchronized with a phase difference.

  Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below do not limit the contents of the present invention described in the claims. In addition, all of the configurations described below are not necessarily essential requirements of the present invention.

  1 to 5 show a first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, a cylinder 1 of a Stirling engine according to an embodiment is provided on one side of a base 2 such as a fixed frame for installation or a vehicle body. A cylindrical cylinder 1 is provided so as to be capable of reciprocating with respect to 2. The axial center X of the cylinder 1 is arranged in parallel with the upper surface 2A of the base 2, and hermetically closes the linear cylindrical portion 3 and the openings formed on one side and the other side of the axial center X. It consists of one side lid 4 and the other side lid 5 and the inside of the cylinder 1 is a sealed space. Here, the inside of the cylinder 1 is hermetically sealed with respect to the cylinder 1 relative to the cylinder 1 due to sliding or the like such as a portion that divides the inside and outside of the cylinder 1 such as the one-side lid portion 4 and the other-side lid portion 5. It is said that it is relatively fixed without moving, and as this fixing means step, the seal portion does not move relative to the sealed member, and the sealing material is relative to the sealed member. It may be bolted so that it is fixed and sealed. In other words, any structure that eliminates the risk of leakage at locations that divide the inside and outside is acceptable. A shaft-like sliding guide member 6 is provided between the upper surface 2A and the cylinder 1 in parallel with the axis X. One side and the other side of the sliding guide member 6 are fixed to the base 2 via the first base 7. Further, the tip of one side support member 8 fixed to one side of the cylinder 1 is slidably connected to the sliding guide member 6, and is fixed to the other side of the cylinder 1, that is, the other side lid portion 5 described later. By connecting the front end of the side support member 9 to the sliding guide member 6 so as to be slidable, the cylinder 1 is provided so as to be able to reciprocate with respect to the sliding guide member 6 and thus the base 2.

  On the other side of the base 2, the rotation center Y of the output shaft 10 for extracting power is provided in a direction perpendicular to the axis X. The output shaft 10 is provided with a bearing 12 on a second base portion 11 provided on one side of the base 2, and the output shaft 10 is rotatably supported by the bearing 12. The output shaft 10 is provided with a flywheel 13 coaxially. Between the flywheel 13 and the other side of the cylinder 1, that is, the other-side lid 5, the reciprocating motion of the cylinder is turned into a rotational motion. A link rod mechanism 14 as an output take-out mechanism for conversion is interposed. The link rod mechanism 14 has one end rotatably connected to the other side lid 5 and the other end eccentrically connected to the flywheel 13 so as to be rotatable (eccentric length Z). . As a result, the reciprocating motion of the cylinder 1 in the direction of the axis X can be converted into rotational movement by the flywheel 13 via the link rod mechanism 14.

  A displacer cylinder portion 1A is formed on one side of the cylinder 1, while a piston cylinder portion 1B is formed on the other side. The displacer cylinder portion 1A and the piston cylinder portion 1B are formed in communication with each other along the axis X, and are sealed from the outside. A displacer 15 is slidably disposed in the axial center X direction in the displacer cylinder portion 1A. The displacer 15 defines a heating side chamber 16 on one side and a cooling side chamber 17 on the other side. It is supposed to be formed.

  Further, the displacer cylinder portion 1A is provided with a regenerating means 18 that allows the heating side chamber 16 and the cooling side chamber 17 to communicate. In the embodiment, one side and the other side of the displacer 15 are formed in communication with each other, and the reproducing means 18 is provided therebetween. Accordingly, a gas having a small specific heat such as helium or hydrogen enclosed in the space of the sealed heating side chamber 16 or the cooling side chamber 17 becomes the working gas G and is regenerated by passing between one side and the other side of the displacer 15. It is like that. The regeneration means 18 may be provided in the middle of a bypass path that connects the heating side chamber 16 and the cooling side chamber 17. Further, cooling fins 19 serving as cooling means are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the displacer cylinder portion 1A corresponding to the cooling side chamber 17. The cooling side chamber 17 is cooled by the cooling fins 19.

  A piston 20 is relatively slidable on the piston cylinder portion 1B, and is provided so as to be relatively fixed to the base 2 via a fixing means 21. The piston 20 has a function of partitioning both sides of the piston 20 in the piston cylinder portion 1B, and a ring-shaped seal member 20A is provided on the peripheral surface thereof so as to maintain airtightness. One side surface 20B of the piston 20 faces the displacer 15 so as to face the cooling side chamber 17.

  One end is connected to the displacer 15 and the other end of the shaft-like first connecting member 22 slidably penetrating the piston 20 is connected to a coil spring 23 as phase control means. A connecting plate 24 is provided on one side of the coil spring 23. The connecting plate 24 is slidably provided on the piston cylinder portion 1B, and the other end of the first connecting member 22 is connected. ing. On the other hand, the other side of the coil spring 23 is in contact with the inner surface of the other lid portion 5. Thus, when the spring 23 is compressed, the displacer 15 is pushed back through the connecting plate 24 and the first connecting member 22 by the repulsive force.

  The fixing means 21 is slidably provided in the piston cylinder part 1B and is connected to the piston 20, and is provided outside the piston cylinder part 1B and fixed to the base 2 side. The first magnet 25 is formed by a second magnet 26 having a polarity opposite to that of the first magnet 25. The first magnet 25 is provided between the first connecting member 22 and the inner peripheral surface of the piston cylinder portion 1B, and the first magnet 25 has the entire circumference or almost the entire circumference around the axis X. Is provided. The first magnet 25 is slidably provided with the first connecting member 22 and the piston cylinder portion 1B. The first magnet 25 and the piston 20 are fitted around the first connecting member 22. Such a pipe-like second connecting member 27 is integrally fixed. On the other hand, the second magnet 26 is fixed to the upper surface 2A via the third base portion 28, and the second magnet 26 is disposed outside the piston cylinder portion 1B around the first magnet 25. Provided. Therefore, the second magnet 26 is provided on the entire circumferential surface or substantially the entire circumferential surface about the axis X so as to face the first magnet 25. A small gap (not shown) is formed between the piston cylinder portion 1B and the second magnet 26 so as to be slidable. Therefore, a magnetic mechanism is formed by using the first magnet 25, the second magnet 26, and the piston cylinder portion 1B in the vicinity thereof as a magnetically permeable material. The first magnet 25 is set to a fixed position relative to the base 2 by the magnetic field generated by the magnet 26, and thereby the piston 20 integrated with the first magnet 25 is set to a fixed position relative to the base 2. be able to. More specifically, the polarities of the first magnet 25 and the second magnet 26 are reversed so that the piston 20 can be fixed at a predetermined position by the attractive force of both. The magnetic mechanism is not a combination of magnets, and at least one may be a magnet and the other may be a magnetic material such as iron. The magnet may be any magnet that generates a magnetic field, such as an electromagnet.

  Next, the operation of the above configuration will be described. In the above configuration, the piston 20 is fixed to drive the outer cylinder 1 and rotate the rotation shaft by the link rod mechanism 14 connected to the cylinder 1. On the other hand, the displacer 15 uses the deflection of the spring 23 in the same manner as the free piston engine, and serves to effectively move the engine by causing the phase of the cylinder 1 to advance approximately 90 degrees.

  Further, the operation will be described in detail. FIG. 2 shows a state in which the cylinder 1 is located at the bottom dead center and the displacer 15 is located at 90 degrees after the bottom dead center. The displacer 15 is provided with a second connecting member 27 that is in communication, and a spring 23 is connected to the other end. In this state, the spring 23 starts to extend. When the heating side chamber 16 of the cylinder 1 is heated, the working gas G inside the cylinder 1 expands and the pressure increases. The working gas G in the cylinder 1 heats the displacer 15 while passing through the regenerating means 18 made of a wire mesh or the like, that is, exchanges heat and enters the cooling side chamber 17 between the piston 20 and the displacer 15. Thus, the working gas G is introduced into the working chamber. Here, since the piston 20 is fixed, the high-pressure working gas G moves the cylinder 1 in one side direction. When the cylinder 1 moves in one direction, the linked link rod mechanism 14 moves the output shaft 10 in the arrow direction.

  In FIG. 3, the spring 23 of the displacer 15 is fully extended, the displacer 15 is at the top dead center, and the piston 20 is at 90 degrees after the bottom dead center.

  The working gas G continues to expand, and the cylinder 1 reaches top dead center as shown in FIG. On the other hand, the spring 23 continues to be compressed and is in a state of 90 degrees before the bottom dead center. Here, the working gas G is cooled in the cooling-side chamber 17, the deposition is reduced, and the pressure in the working chamber is reduced. Since the piston 20 is fixed, the pressure in the cylinder 1 is reduced, and the cylinder 1 moves in the other direction.

  In FIG. 5, the cylinder 1 is 90 degrees before bottom dead center, and the displacer 15 is bottom dead center. At this time, the spring 23 is in the most contracted state.

  Again, the process proceeds to the first step shown in FIG.

  As described above, in the above-described embodiment, the displacer cylinder portion 1A, in which the displacer 15 is slidably provided, and the piston 20 are slidable in the sealed cylinder 1 provided to be reciprocable with respect to the base 2. And a link rod mechanism 14 having one side connected to the cylinder 1 and the other side connected to the output shaft 10, and the piston 20 relative to the base 2. 21 is provided, and the cylinder 1 itself is reciprocated, so that the cylinder 1 can be completely sealed to eliminate the leakage of the working gas G. Further, the working gas in the cylinder 1 can be eliminated. Torque can be generated not only by expansion of G but also by contraction of working gas G.

  Further, the piston 20 is provided facing the cooling side chamber 17, and the action of the working gas G can be effectively utilized by the working chamber formed between the piston 20 in the cooling side chamber 17.

  Further, since the fixing means 21 is a magnetic mechanism using the first magnet 25, the second magnet 26, etc., the piston 20 can be reliably fixed to the base 2 without contact.

  In addition, by making the polarities of the first magnet 25 and the second magnet 26 opposite to each other, the attraction force between the first magnet 25 and the second magnet 26 is used to make the inner first magnet 25 and the outer magnet 26 outside. The piston 20 can be fixed at a predetermined position without contact with the second magnet 26.

  6 to 9 show a second embodiment, and the same parts as those in the first embodiment and the prior art are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted. In the second embodiment, a passage 105 between the high temperature (expansion) unit 103 and the low temperature (compression) unit 104 includes a heating unit 106, a regenerator 107, and a cooling unit from the high temperature (expansion) unit 103 to the low temperature (compression) unit 104. A container 108 is arranged. Further, unlike the prior art, the cylinder 1 does not have an opening, and a displacer 101, a piston 102, a working fluid, and the like are provided in a state where the inside of the cylinder 1 is completely cut off from the outside. Further, the piston 102 is fixed at a fixed position by a fixing means 21 with respect to the base 2 to which a Stirling engine on the fixed side such as a mounting base is attached in the case of a generator and in the case of a vehicle. It is fixed to. A center of a link rod mechanism (output take-out mechanism) 14 for converting a reciprocating motion along the axis X into a rotational motion is disposed on an extension line of the axis X of the cylinder 1. This link rod mechanism (output take-out mechanism) 14 is provided on the base 2 side.

  In the first stroke shown in FIG. 6, the piston 20 is at the bottom dead center, the displacer 15 is at the top dead center, and all the working gas is in the low temperature (compression) portion 17. In this state, the displacer 15 presses one end of the cylinder 1 outward, so that the cylinder 1 moves to one side with respect to the piston 20. In the second stroke shown in FIG. 7, the displacer 15 remains at top dead center, and the piston 20 compresses the working fluid at a low temperature. In the third stroke shown in FIG. 8, the piston 102 remains at the top dead center. The displacer 101 moves the working fluid from the low temperature (compression) portion 104 to the high temperature (expansion) portion 103 and comes into contact with the piston 102, so that the displacer 101 is also relatively fixed with respect to the base 2. Then, the cylinder 1 moves in the direction opposite to the piston 20 due to the expansion of the high temperature (expansion) portion 103, and the movement in the direction of the axis X can be converted into a rotational motion by the link rod mechanism 14. In the fourth stroke shown in FIG. 9, the high temperature working fluid expands, and both the piston 102 and the displacer 101 are at bottom dead center. Next, the displacer 101 ascends while the piston 102 remains at the bottom dead center, and the working fluid is returned to the low temperature (compression) section 104 to be connected to the state of the first stroke again.

  As described above, the cylinder 1 formed of a hermetically sealed container in which the working fluid is hermetically sealed is provided inside the cylinder 2 so as to be reciprocable in the axis X direction. The displacer 15 provided slidably, the piston 20 provided slidably in the direction of the axis X on the other side of the cylinder 1, and the base of the piston 20 so that the piston 20 maintains a relatively fixed position. And an output that is connected to the cylinder 1 and interposed between the cylinder 1 and the base 2 to convert the reciprocating motion of the cylinder 1 in the direction of the axis X into rotational motion. By providing the link rod mechanism 14 as a take-out mechanism, the pressure difference between the low temperature (compression) portion 104 and the high temperature (expansion) portion 103 is utilized, and the piston 20 is relatively fixed to 1 cylinder in operation The by reciprocating in the axial direction X, it is possible to take out the power completely eliminate the leakage of the working fluid. Note that the synchronous control of the displacer 101 and the piston 20 is appropriately performed by a well-known means such as a spring.

  FIG. 10 shows Example 3, which is used as a Stirling engine for a Stirling refrigerator. In this embodiment, the output take-out mechanism in the above embodiment is used as an input mechanism, and the cylinder is reciprocated and moved by the input mechanism, and the cooling side is exposed to the refrigerator compartment, the freezer compartment, or a refrigerant (heat medium) in the pipe or the like. It can also be used as a Stirling refrigerator through the heat transfer means. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the same part as the said Example 1, and the detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In the third embodiment, in order to reciprocate the completely sealed cylinder 1 along the axis X, the other side cover portion 5 of the cylinder 1 is connected to a motor or engine via a link rod mechanism 14 having an eccentric length Z. A refrigeration rotary drive source 31 is connected. A rotating shaft 32 of the refrigeration rotary drive source 31 is provided on the second base 11 via a bearing 12. Accordingly, when the refrigeration rotary drive source 31 is operated, the rotational force of the rotary shaft 32 reciprocates the cylinder 1 along the axis X by the link rod mechanism 14. The drive source 31 and the link rod mechanism 14 form a reciprocating drive means 30 for the cylinder 1. That is, in the refrigeration cycle, the piston 20 starts to reciprocate as described above. Further, the displacer 15 receives the force that the piston 20 reciprocates, and the displacer 15 also starts reciprocating.

  In the working space in the cooling side chamber 17 serving as a compression chamber, the working gas is repeatedly compressed and expanded as the piston 20 reciprocates. As the pressure changes, the displacer 15 also starts to reciprocate. By such an operation of the Stirling refrigerator, a reverse Stirling cycle is realized between the compression chamber 17A and the expansion chamber 16A. In the compression chamber 17A, the temperature of the working gas increases based on the isothermal compression change, and in the expansion chamber 16A, the temperature of the working gas decreases based on the isothermal expansion change.

  During operation, the working gas G that reciprocates between the compression chamber 17A and the expansion chamber 16A is provided in the cylinder 1 corresponding to the heat radiating portion 32 provided in the cylinder 1 corresponding to the compression chamber 17A and the expansion chamber 16A. The heat is transferred to the heat absorption part 33. Since the working gas flowing into the regeneration means 18 from the compression chamber 17A is high temperature, the heat radiating part 32 is heated. On the other hand, since the working gas flowing into the regeneration means 1 from the expansion chamber 16A has a low temperature, the heat absorption part 33 is cooled. As described above, the Stirling refrigerator functions as a refrigeration engine by depriving heat from a specific space via the heat absorption part 33 and dissipating the heat to the atmosphere via the heat dissipation part 32, for example. Here, the regeneration means 18 has a function as a so-called heat storage device that moves the working gas G to each space without mutually transferring the heat of the working gas flowing between the compression chamber 17A and the expansion chamber 16A. Demonstrate.

  As described above, in the above embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the cylinder 1 is completely sealed, and therefore there is no leakage of the working gas G from the cylinder 1. Further, since there is no leakage of the working gas G, high pressure and maintenance are easy.

  Further, as in the first embodiment, the individual effects are exhibited in correspondence with the above-described claims 3 to 9.

  FIGS. 11 to 14 show a fourth embodiment, in which parts similar to those of the first embodiment and the prior art are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 14, the inner magnet 25 integrally formed with the piston 20 is attracted by the outer magnet 26 and fixed to the base 2. When the piston 20 is fixed, the expanded and contracted working gas G reciprocates the outer (power) cylinder 1 and rotates the crankshaft (output shaft 10) via the linked rod (link rod mechanism 14). It is configured to take out.

  On the other hand, a cylindrical third magnet 41 is provided at one end of the rod (first connecting member 22) connected to the displacer 15 in the other side direction. The third magnet 41 is provided in a cylindrical shape on the connecting plate 24 toward the other side. The connecting plate 24, which is a magnet support member, and the rod (first connecting member 22) are made of a nonmagnetic material such as stainless steel.

  Furthermore, a fourth magnet 42 is also provided in the central portion of the other side lid portion 5 of the power cylinder 1. The magnet 42 is a magnet having the same polarity as the magnet 41, and both are arranged to face each other in the cylinder 1. That is, the magnet 41 and the magnet 42 are attached with magnets having repulsive magnetic poles. Further, a fifth magnet 43 that repels the magnet 42 is attached to the other end surface of the second magnet 26 that is a piston fixing magnet. The magnet 43 has the same polarity as the magnet 42 and is disposed so as to face each other so as to repel each other. In this case, the cylinder 1 is made of a non-magnetic material and a magnetically permeable material, and may also be used as the second magnet 26.

  Therefore, in the expansion stroke shown in FIG. 11, the cylinder 1 moves to the right by the expansion of the warmed working gas G, and the link rod mechanism 14 rotates counterclockwise. Next, in the cooling process shown in FIG. 12, when the cylinder 1 moves completely to the right, the heated working gas G on the heating side is cooled by the displacer 15 to the cooling side. Next, in the compression stroke shown in FIG. 13, the cylinder 1 moves leftward due to the contraction of the cooled working gas G. Further, in the heating process shown in FIG. 14, the cooled working gas G is sent to the heating side by the displacer 15 to be warmed.

  Then, assuming that the cylinder 1 moves to the right so that the state shown in FIG. 11 is changed to the state shown in FIG. 12, the magnet 42 approaches the magnet 41 on the displacer 15 side. Since both magnets 41 and 42 are magnets of the same polarity, they repel and the magnet 41 moves to the right. That is, the displacer 15 is moved in the right direction via the rod (first connecting member 22).

  On the other hand, when approaching the magnet 43 attached to the end face of the piston fixing magnet 25, the displacer magnet 41 moves to the left. In this way, the displacer 15 reciprocates by repeating the repulsion between the displacer magnet 41 and the magnet 42 of the other-side cover 5 and the repulsion between the displacer magnet 41 and the magnet 43 attached to the fixing magnet 25. It becomes. This reciprocating movement is not driven at the natural frequency between the magnets 41, 42, 43, but the magnet 41 is excited by the magnet 42 and the magnet 43 by the movement of the power cylinder 1, and moves between the magnets. It will move reliably. Further, it is driven behind the movement of the power cylinder 1 (with a phase difference) by the inertia force due to the mass of the magnets 41, 42, 43, the rod (first connecting member 22) and the displacer 1.

  When the magnet 41 approaches the magnet 42 and the magnet 43, respectively, a repulsive force is generated because they have the same polarity. Since this repulsive force generates a large force in inverse proportion to the square of the approached distance, the magnet 41 and the magnet 42 do not collide, and at the same time, the displacer 15 can be driven reliably regardless of the natural frequency. it can. These magnets 41, 42, 43 act as a kind of cushioning material.For example, in a conventional free piston type engine, the displacer directly collides with the spring, so there is a risk of breaking the spring. Because there is no, it will not be destroyed.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, since the piston 20 is fixed as in the first embodiment, the power cylinder 1 reciprocates and the crank is connected via the rod (link rod mechanism 14) connected to the power cylinder 1. The shaft (output shaft 10) can be rotated, and the output can be easily taken out as in the case of a conventional kinamatic engine.

  Furthermore, unlike the conventional free piston type engine, it is not constrained by the coincidence of the frequency of the two vibrating bodies of the displacer 150 and the piston 2, so even if the speed of vibration changes due to load fluctuations, the displacer 15 The vibration always synchronizes with a phase difference. As described above, the embodiment has a feature that the vibration does not stop even if the load fluctuates or the output frequency is significantly changed.

  As described above, in the above-described embodiment, the displacer 15 side is integrally provided with the magnet 41 opposed to the other side lid portion 5 via the first connecting member 22 as connecting means. A magnet 42 is provided on the other side lid 5 so as to be opposed to each other, and a magnet 43 is provided on the magnet 25 side so as to be opposed to the magnet 41 and located on the opposite side of the magnet 42 (in place of the magnet 43, the magnet 25 Alternatively, these magnets 41, 42, and 43 are set to have the same polarity so that they repel each other, and a magnetic field extends between these magnets 41 and 42. Therefore, the magnets 42 and 43 are magnetically applied to each other, so that the vibration of the displacer 15 can be synchronized with a phase difference.

  As described above, the Stirling engine according to the present invention can be applied to various uses. For example, the output take-out mechanism can be variously modified such as being connected to one side of the cylinder or the center of the cylinder. In addition, a structure like Example 2 or Example 4 can be utilized for a Stirling refrigerator. Furthermore, the thing of Example 4 can be utilized for a Stirling refrigerator.

It is sectional drawing which shows Example 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the 1st process which shows Example 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the 2nd process which shows Example 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the 3rd process which shows Example 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the 4th process which shows Example 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the 1st process which shows Example 2 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the 2nd process which shows Example 2 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the 3rd process which shows Example 2 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the 4th process which shows Example 2 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows Example 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the 1st process which shows Example 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the 2nd process which shows Example 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the 3rd process which shows Example 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the 4th process which shows Example 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the 1st process which shows a prior art example. It is sectional drawing of the 2nd process which shows a prior art example. It is sectional drawing of the 3rd process which shows a prior art example. It is sectional drawing of the 4th process which shows a prior art example.

Explanation of symbols

1 Cylinder 1A Displacer cylinder 1B Piston cylinder 2 Base
14 Link rod mechanism (output extraction mechanism)
15 Displacer
16 Heating side chamber
17 Cooling side chamber
18 Reproduction means
20 piston
21 Fixing means
25 First magnet
26 Second magnet X-axis
30 Reciprocating drive means
41 Third magnet
42 Fourth magnet
43 Fifth magnet

Claims (13)

A cylinder which is provided so as to be movable with respect to the base and has a displacer cylinder and a piston cylinder sealed inside;
A displacer that divides the displacer cylinder into a compression space and an expansion space;
The piston cylinder comprising a working space communicating with one of the compression space or the expansion space of the displacer;
A piston provided in the piston cylinder;
A Stirling engine comprising fixing means for fixing the piston relative to the base. A cylinder sealed inside that is reciprocally movable with respect to the base;
An output take-out mechanism that converts a reciprocating motion of the cylinder into a rotational motion, a displacer cylinder, and a displacer that divides the displacer cylinder into a compression space and an expansion space;
A piston cylinder comprising a working space communicating with one of the compression space or the expansion space of the displacer;
A piston provided in the piston cylinder;
A Stirling engine comprising fixing means for fixing the piston relative to the base.   The Stirling engine, wherein the piston is disposed inside the piston cylinder, is connected to a magnet or a magnetic body, and is fixed remotely from the outside of the piston cylinder.   4. A Stirling engine, wherein a magnetic mechanism made of a magnet or a magnetic material is disposed outside the piston cylinder, and the magnet or the magnetic material according to claim 3 is fixed by suction.   A Stirling engine characterized in that the cylinder has the structure of claim 2 and is completely sealed. A cylinder sealed inside that is reciprocally movable with respect to the base;
A link rod mechanism that connects one side to the cylinder and the other side to the output shaft;
A displacer cylinder portion formed on one side of the cylinder;
A displacer that is slidably disposed within the displacer cylinder section and divides the displacer cylinder section into a heating side chamber and a cooling side chamber;
Regenerating means for communicating the heating side chamber and the cooling side chamber;
A piston cylinder portion formed on the other side of the cylinder;
A piston slidably disposed in the piston cylinder portion;
A Stirling engine comprising fixing means for fixing the piston relative to the base.   The Stirling engine according to claim 6, wherein the piston faces the heating side chamber or the cooling side chamber.   The Stirling engine according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the fixing means is a magnetic mechanism. The displacer cylinder part is formed on one side of the cylinder axis, and the piston cylinder part is formed on the other side of the cylinder axis;
The fixing means is slidably provided in the piston cylinder part and is connected to the piston, and is provided outside the piston cylinder part and fixed to the base side and the first magnet The Stirling engine according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the Stirling engine is formed by a second magnet having a polarity opposite to that of the magnet. A cylinder which is provided so as to be movable with respect to the base and has a displacer cylinder and a piston cylinder sealed inside;
A displacer that divides the displacer cylinder into a compression space and an expansion space;
The piston cylinder comprising a working space communicating with one of the compression space or the expansion space of the displacer;
A piston provided in the piston cylinder;
Fixing means for fixing the piston relative to the base;
A Stirling refrigerator comprising reciprocating drive means provided in the cylinder.   2. The Stirling engine according to claim 1, wherein magnets having the same polarity are provided on the displacer side and the cylinder side so that the magnetic fields extend to each other.   3. The Stirling engine according to claim 2, wherein magnets having the same polarity are provided on the displacer side and the cylinder side so that the magnetic fields extend to each other.   The Stirling refrigerator according to claim 10, wherein magnets having the same polarity are provided on the displacer side and the cylinder side so that the magnetic fields extend to each other.

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