JP2008054573A - Supplying controller - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cultivation method of fruit vegetables or fruits, enabling automization without depending the technical skill of a grower. <P>SOLUTION: This cultivation method comprises sequentially calculating soluble solid content (SSC) to be predictive sugar content from a dry matter ratio (DM) and starch content which are obtained with an inner component information measuring device 1 after cultivated fruits bear fruit, and outputting when predictive sugar content is smaller than target sugar content input in a comparison device 11b, a prescribed manure concentration and a prescribed supply amount of nutrient solution with a prescribed concentration or a supply number of times of the prescribed amount of nutrient solution, from a nutrient solution supply controlling device in a cultivation condition setting device 11c so as to give water stress, for a prescribed period before performing PID control after bearing fruit. Furthermore, the method comprises setting a cultivation condition by PID control after the prescribed period passes after bearing fruit, based on a value of the predictive sugar content, change of the value, and the target sugar content, and outputting each changed numerical value to difference between the predictive sugar content and the target sugar content, of the prescribed manure concentration and the prescribed supply amount of nutrient solution of prescribed concentration or the supply number of times of the prescribed supply amount of nutrient solution, from the nutrient solution supply controlling device in the cultivation condition setting device 11c. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a liquid supply control apparatus for fruit hydroponics that can automatically perform liquid supply control in the hydroponic cultivation of fruits.

The quality of the fruit is judged by the sugar content of the fruit, the color of the surface of the fruit, and the like.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-28476 discloses a method for increasing the sugar content of fruits such as tomatoes by adding a minimum amount of water. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-271924 discloses a method for cultivating a high sugar content tomato using a high electrical conductivity nutrient solution having an electrical conductivity of a predetermined range for at least one week of the nutrient solution cultivation period. Is disclosed.
JP-A-10-28476 JP-A-10-271924

  The invention described in Patent Document 1 supplies a nutrient solution containing a predetermined amount of fertilizer and a trace amount component into a nutrient solution tank via capillarity for supplying water to a small bowl in order to perform the minimum water addition. Thus, it is a cultivation method in which water is not replenished as much as possible, and the invention described in Patent Document 2 has an electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.1 to 1.0 S / m at the start of cultivation, It is a method of cultivating a high sugar content tomato while gradually increasing the EC of the nutrient solution as it progresses.

Any of the above methods is a method of cultivating fruit by manual operation according to a rule of thumb, and is a cultivation method that greatly depends on the skill of the grower.
The subject of this invention is providing the liquid supply control apparatus which can automate a liquid supply without depending on a grower's skill in the hydroponic cultivation of fruit vegetables or a fruit.

The above-mentioned problem of the present invention is solved by the following means.
The invention according to claim 1 is measured by the internal component information measuring device (1) for measuring the internal component information of the cultivated fruit being grown without destroying the cultivated fruit, and the internal component information measuring device (1). The predicted sugar content calculation device (11a) at the time of maturation that obtains the predicted sugar content at the time of maturation of the cultivated fruit predicted from the internal component information, and the cultivated fruit at the time of maturity obtained by the predicted sugar content calculation device (11a) at the time of maturity The predicted sugar content and a target sugar content set in advance as a target when the cultivated fruit is matured are input, and the comparison device (11b) that compares the predicted sugar content with the target sugar content is obtained by the comparison device (11b). Corresponding to the cultivation conditions set in the cultivation condition setting device (11c) and the cultivation condition setting device (11c) capable of changing the cultivation conditions of the cultivated fruit so that the difference between the predicted sugar content and the target sugar content is small. Predetermined fertilizer concentration Is a liquid supply control device in hydroponics fruit with a nutrient solution supply device for supplying a nutrient solution of a given nutrient solution supply amount to the cultivation fruit (14).

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the internal component information of the cultivated fruit is measured without destroying the cultivated fruit during the growth by the internal component information measuring device (1), and the predicted sugar content calculating device (11a) From the component information, the predicted sugar content at the time of ripening of the cultivated fruit can be obtained immediately, and the feed condition is changed during the growth by the nutrient solution supply device (14) so that the difference between the predicted sugar content and the target sugar content becomes small. Can be automatically and in real time, and fruits with a desired sugar content can be harvested with high accuracy, and labor saving in cultivation can be achieved.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the fruit inner component information measuring apparatus 1. A probe 3 for measuring the reflected light spectrum is provided at the tip of the optical fiber tube 2 connected to the side wall of the inner component information measuring apparatus 1 having a light emitting part. A plan view of the tip of the probe 3 is shown in FIG. The probe 3 includes an outer frame 3c. A light receiving hole 3a that receives internal diffuse reflection light from a sample is provided at the center of the probe 3, and a light emitting ring 3b is provided around the light receiving hole 3a. Accordingly, light is emitted from the light emitting ring 3 b of the probe 3. A reference 4 for measuring the reference by inserting the tip of the probe 3 is attached to the upper part of the internal component information measuring apparatus 1.

  As shown in the perspective view of FIG. 4 or FIG. 5, the reference 4 has a cylindrical body 4a of a size that allows the tip of the probe 3 to be inserted, and a white color having a diameter larger than the diameter of the cylindrical body 4a at one end of the cylindrical body 4a. The sphere 4b made of fluororesin is adhered. A photosensitive sensor 4c as shown in the perspective view of FIG. 4 or FIG. 5 is provided at a connection portion between the cylinder 4a and the sphere 4b. Further, the probe 3 emits light from a halogen lamp device in the internal component information measuring device 1 and absorbs scattered light from the target substance.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the probe 3 is inserted into the reference 4 for performing the reference measurement, and the reference switch 5 of the internal component information measuring apparatus 1 is pressed or the detection sensor 4 c senses the probe 3, thereby A reference measurement is made. When the probe 3 is inserted into the reference 4 and the scattered light from the white fluororesin sphere 4b is detected by the inner component information measuring device 1, the inner component information measuring device 1 can automatically perform the reference measurement. .

Each time the scattered light from the sample (fruit) performed using the probe 3 is measured once to several times, the reference measurement is performed once using the white sphere 4b. As the reference measurement is performed more frequently, it is possible to cope with changes in the environment over time and suppress measurement errors of internal components.
The scattered light measurement of the sample and the reference measurement using the white fluororesin sphere 4b are simple operations by simply inserting the tip of the probe 3 into the cylinder 4a, so that the measurement of the internal components can be speeded up. It is.

  FIG. 6 shows a combination of the probe 3 and the reference 4 of another embodiment. A trumpet-shaped sample holder 7 is provided on the probe 3 for measuring the sugar content of a sample (fruit), and a hemispherical reference measurement reference 4 having a curved surface is attached to the probe holder 7 while blocking external light. Since the hemispherical reference 4 is provided on the inner wall of the probe 3 so as to be foldable, the hemispherical reference 4 is moved in a direction that blocks light radiated from the probe 3 toward the sample every time reference measurement is performed. By doing so, reference measurement becomes possible. The reference 4 can be operated by operating a switch 6 provided on the outer wall of the probe 3.

As shown in the partial cross-sectional view of FIG. 7, by making the cover (sample holder) 7 covering the probe 3 into a drawstring bag shape, the sugar content of the sample can be measured more accurately while blocking external light. FIG. 8 shows an example of the sample internal component information measuring apparatus 1 of the present embodiment using the sample holder 7 of a modification of FIG. The sample internal component information measuring apparatus 1 includes a probe 3, a halogen lamp device 9, a NIR (near infrared) spectrometer 10, a personal computer 11, a light source optical fiber 12 that connects the probe 3 and the halogen lamp device 9, and the probe 3. The sample holder 7 that comprises a light receiving optical fiber 13 that connects the NIR spectroscopic analyzer 10 and covers the probe 3 may be made of elastic rubber so as to cover only the part covering the probe 3 and the sample and block outside light. . The halogen lamp device 9 is provided with a knob 9a for adjusting the amount of light and a manual shutter 9b for blocking light to the light source optical fiber 12.
Hereinafter, although the example in a tomato fruit is demonstrated more concretely, this invention does not receive a restriction | limiting by the following Example.

  Next, the near-infrared spectrum of the tomato fruit obtained in the internal component information measuring apparatus 1 equipped with the NIR (near-infrared) spectroanalyzer 10 is recorded in the wavelength region of 750 to 900 nm, and the dry matter ratio (DM) is obtained from the recorded result. And the starch content (exactly starch content) is calculated and judged. The calculation of the dry matter ratio (DM) and the starch content is executed by the personal computer 11. In addition, when the fruit (tomato) pattern is divided upward and downward into three equal parts, the pattern part, equator part (intermediate part), and top part of the fruit (tomato) from above are used regardless of the maturity of the fruit (tomato). Since the inner component information of the equatorial part (intermediate part) shows the average value of the whole fruit with respect to the inner component information of the fruit part and the top part of the fruit (tomato), the near infrared spectrum of each fruit is Measured at two places (symmetric positions with respect to the fruit center) 180 degrees apart along the equator portion (intermediate portion) and averaged.

And if an operator inputs the cultivation week age into the personal computer 11 after pollination of the fruit measured with the said internal component information measuring device 1, the dry matter rate (DM) obtained with the internal component information measuring device 1, starch content, and the said cultivation week From the data of the age, the soluble solid content (SSC) of the fruit at the time of ripening is calculated based on a predetermined calculation model (including the calculation equation shown below). The operational equation for predicting the soluble solids content (SSC) of mature fruits by dry matter ratio (DM) and starch content values varies with different weeks (6 to 10 weeks in this example). The equation that can be calculated from the value of 6 weeks old is as follows.
(SSC) = 1.554 + 0.488 (6-week old DM) +0.361 (6-week-old starch content)
The equation that can be calculated from 7-week-old values is
(SSC) = 0.521 + 0.804 (7-week old DM) +0.049 (7-week old starch content)
The equation that can be calculated from 8-week old values is
(SSC) = 0.342 + 1.259 (8-week old DM) -0.099 (8-week old starch content)
The equation that can be calculated from 9-week-old values is
(SSC) = 0.198 + 0.675 (9-week old DM) -0.061 (9-week old starch content)
The equation that can be calculated from 10-week-old values is
(SSC) = 0.589 + 0.826 (10-week-old DM) +0.0055 (10-week-old starch content)
It becomes. In addition, the soluble solid content (SSC) of the mature fruit in the said equation assumes the case where it harvests by 11 to 12 weeks old after fruit set by cultivation in winter, and corresponds to the sugar content of the mature fruit. Generally, the nutrient solution is controlled so that the sugar content becomes a target value (for example, 8 Brix%), and fruit of a desired quality is harvested. Moreover, the unit of the dry matter rate (DM) in the above equation is% W / W, and the unit of the starch content (starch content rate) is a weight percent (% W / W dry basis) based on the dry matter.

  The predicted sugar content at the time of ripening of the cultivated fruit and the target sugar content set in advance as a target at the time of ripening of the cultivated fruit are input, and the predicted sugar content and the target sugar content are compared with the comparison device 11b In accordance with the difference between the predicted sugar content and the target sugar content obtained by the comparison device 11b and the change state of the predicted sugar content, the cultivation condition of the cultivation fruit is sequentially set by the cultivation condition setting device 11c and newly set. The nutrient solution is supplied from the nutrient solution supply device 14 to the fruit being cultivated based on the predetermined fertilizer concentration, the prescribed supply amount of the nutrient solution having the prescribed concentration, or the number of times of feeding the prescribed nutrient solution amount. Note that the operator sets a nutrient solution supply switching pattern, and the cultivation condition setting device 11c selects any one of the prescribed fertilizer concentration, the prescribed supply amount of the prescribed nutrient solution, or the number of times of feeding the prescribed nutrient solution amount. You can select whether to automatically change the setting. The predicted sugar content calculation device 11a, the comparison device 11b, and the cultivation condition setting device 11c are usually provided in the personal computer 11.

  FIG. 9 shows a control flowchart of a cultivation facility using the internal component information measuring apparatus 1 or the like. After fruit set, the soluble solid content (SSC), which is the predicted sugar content, is sequentially calculated from the dry matter rate (DM) and starch content obtained by the internal component information measuring apparatus 1, and after the fruit set, the predetermined period for entering PID control is When the predicted sugar content is smaller than the target sugar content input to the comparison device 11b, the nutrient solution supply control device in the cultivation condition setting device 11c is reduced in the nutrient solution supply control device to reduce the difference between the predicted sugar content and the target sugar content. The predetermined numerical value of the predetermined fertilizer concentration, the predetermined supply amount of the predetermined concentration of nutrient solution, or the number of times of feeding the predetermined nutrient solution amount is output.

  And after the fruit set, after a predetermined period, based on the value of the predicted sugar content, the change in the value and the target sugar content, the cultivation conditions are set by PID control, and the nutrient solution supply control device in the cultivation condition setting device 11c In addition, a predetermined fertilizer concentration for reducing the difference between the predicted sugar content and the target sugar content, a predetermined supply amount of the nutrient solution of the predetermined concentration, or a change numerical value of the number of times of supply of the predetermined nutrient solution amount is output to the nutrient solution supply control device.

  The PID control is controlled not only by the difference between the predicted sugar content and the target sugar content, but also by taking into account the tendency of the change in the predicted sugar content in a minute period, and the predicted sugar content (soluble solid content (SSC)) is around the target sugar content. Therefore, it can be controlled smoothly so that it does not fluctuate significantly.

１日における肥料給液可能時刻は、午前８時から午後６時までとする。
水ストレスが高すぎると栽培において悪影響を与えるおそれがあるので、例えば肥料濃度は３．５ｄＳ／ｍ、該肥料濃度の養液供給量では６０ｍｌ／回、該養液の給液回数では８回／日を限界条件として、予測糖度と目標糖度との差が大きく、高い水ストレスを与える必要があっても、上記限界条件を使用する。 An example of the transition of SSC (predicted sugar content) by the cultivation time by PID control is shown in FIG. Each change numerical value of the predetermined fertilizer concentration with respect to the difference between the predicted sugar content based on the actually conducted test and the target sugar content, the predetermined supply amount of the nutrient solution of the predetermined concentration, or the number of times of feeding the predetermined nutrient solution amount, It is as shown in Table 1 below.

The fertilizer supply time in one day is from 8:00 am to 6:00 pm.
If the water stress is too high, there is a risk of adverse effects in cultivation. For example, the fertilizer concentration is 3.5 dS / m, the nutrient solution supply amount is 60 ml / time, and the nutrient solution supply frequency is 8 times / Even when the difference between the predicted sugar content and the target sugar content is large with day as the limit condition, and it is necessary to apply high water stress, the above limit condition is used.

Whether to automatically control the predetermined fertilizer concentration, the predetermined supply amount of the nutrient solution of the predetermined concentration, or the number of times of supply of the predetermined nutrient solution amount is switched at the operator's judgment by the nutrient solution supply switching pattern setting it can.
When the water content of the medium is drastically changed, the predetermined supply amount of the predetermined fertilizer concentration or the predetermined concentration of nutrient solution is changed, and the number of times of supply of the predetermined nutrient solution amount is not changed (the supply fluid and It is preferable that the time interval with the liquid supply does not increase.
By the above liquid supply control, the sugar content of tomato could actually be controlled to the target sugar content.

  The main components of fertilizer are potassium, calcium, magnesium, nitrate nitrogen, phosphoric acid and the like.

  Thus, based on the difference from the sugar level target at the time of ripening of the cultivated fruit predicted during the growth, automatically changing the cultivation conditions of the fruit during the growth so that the sugar level target at the time of maturation is obtained It is possible to harvest fruits of desired quality and to save labor in cultivation.

  In addition, in the above, although the tomato was explained in detail as an example as a fruit, it is not restricted to this, You may apply to fruits other than a tomato.

  According to the present invention, fruits of desired quality can be harvested by adjusting the cultivation conditions while predicting the maturity of the cultivated fruits during the growth, and labor saving of cultivation can be achieved.

It is a block diagram of the automated fruit cultivation facility of this invention. It is the schematic of the internal component information measuring apparatus of the fruit of one Example of this invention. It is a top view of the front-end | tip part of the probe of the internal component information measuring apparatus of FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a reference of the internal component information measuring apparatus in FIG. 2. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a reference of the internal component information measuring apparatus in FIG. 2. It is a side view of the probe provided with the reference of the internal component information measuring apparatus. It is a side view of the probe of the internal component information measuring apparatus of the fruit of one Example of this invention. FIG. 8 is an overall view of a fruit internal component information measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention including a sample holder according to a modification of FIG. 7. It is a control flowchart of the cultivation facility using the internal component information measuring apparatus of the fruit of the Example of this invention. It is the figure which showed an example of the transition of SSC (predicted sugar content) by the cultivation time by PID control.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Internal component information measuring device 2 Optical fiber tube 3 Probe 3a Light receiving hole 3b Light emission ring 3c Outer frame 4 Reference 4a Tube 4b Sphere 4c Photosensitive sensor 5 Reference switch 6 Switch 7 Sample holder 9 Halogen lamp device 9a Light quantity adjustment knob 9b Manual shutter DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 NIR (near-infrared) spectrometer 11 Personal computer 12 Optical fiber for light source 13 Optical fiber for light reception 14 Nutrient solution supply device

Claims (1)

An internal component information measuring device (1) for measuring the internal component information of the cultivated fruit during the growth without destroying the cultivated fruit;
A predicted sugar content calculation device at the time of maturity (11a) for obtaining a predicted sugar content at the time of maturation of the cultivated fruit predicted from the internal component information measured by the internal component information measurement device (1);
The predicted sugar content at the time of maturation obtained by the predicted sugar content calculation apparatus (11a) at the time of maturity and a target sugar content set in advance as a target at the time of maturation of the cultivated fruit are input, and the predicted sugar content and the target A comparison device (11b) for comparing the sugar content;
A cultivation condition setting device (11c) capable of changing the cultivation conditions of the cultivated fruit so that the difference between the predicted sugar content and the target sugar content obtained by the comparison device (11b) is reduced;
A nutrient solution supply device (14) for supplying a nutrient solution having a predetermined fertilizer concentration or a predetermined nutrient solution supply amount to the cultivation fruit corresponding to the cultivation conditions set by the cultivation condition setting device (11c) The liquid supply control apparatus in the hydroponic cultivation of the fruit characterized by this.

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