JP2008037394A - Track circuit - Google Patents

Track circuit Download PDF

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JP2008037394A
JP2008037394A JP2006218207A JP2006218207A JP2008037394A JP 2008037394 A JP2008037394 A JP 2008037394A JP 2006218207 A JP2006218207 A JP 2006218207A JP 2006218207 A JP2006218207 A JP 2006218207A JP 2008037394 A JP2008037394 A JP 2008037394A
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track circuit
train
current
phase difference
voltage
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JP5005289B2 (en
Inventor
Haruhiko Onuma
晴彦 大沼
Noriharu Amitani
憲晴 網谷
Tamio Okuya
民雄 奥谷
Nobuyuki Nakamura
信幸 中村
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Hitachi Ltd
Japan Railway Construction Transport and Technology Agency
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Hitachi Ltd
Japan Railway Construction Transport and Technology Agency
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Priority to JP2006218207A priority Critical patent/JP5005289B2/en
Priority to GB0704238A priority patent/GB2440765B8/en
Priority to CN200710085673.1A priority patent/CN101121413B/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61LGUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L1/00Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
    • B61L1/18Railway track circuits
    • B61L1/181Details
    • B61L1/186Use of rectified alternating current
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61LGUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L1/00Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
    • B61L1/18Railway track circuits
    • B61L1/181Details
    • B61L1/187Use of alternating current

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a track circuit minimizing invalid electric power by minimizing a phase difference of an output voltage and an output current of a transmitter and providing the efficient transmission of a signal by maximizing effective electric power. <P>SOLUTION: The track circuit IT has a means 1 for transmitting a signal to a connected rail 6; and a means 10 connected to the receiving end of the rail and receiving a signal from a transmission means 1. The track circuit is provided with a means 2 for performing adjustment so that the phase difference of a voltage and a current of a train detection signal or a train control signal transmitted by the transmission means 1 approaches zero. The adjustment means is a transformer for adding a coil or a capacitor or both members in parallel or in series and making the phase difference of the voltage and the current of the train detection signal or the train control signal transmitted by the transmission means approaching zero. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、列車位置を検知する軌道回路に係わり、特に、送信器の出力効率を大きくする技術に関する。   The present invention relates to a track circuit for detecting a train position, and more particularly to a technique for increasing the output efficiency of a transmitter.

一般に軌道回路は、電気回路として扱われている。軌道回路は、変圧器、レール、ケーブルを含んでおり、リアクタンス成分やサセプタンス成分を有している。軌道回路方式における列車検知は、この電気回路と等価である軌道回路に送信器から列車検知信号を送信し、軌道回路を介して受信器において列車検知信号を受信することによって列車検知を実施する(特許文献1参照)。また、軌道回路方式における列車制御は、軌道回路においてレールに流れる信号電流を、車上に設置したピックアップコイルでの電磁誘導現象により列車制御信号を受信することによって列車制御を実施する。そのため、列車検知信号および列車制御信号は列車検知性能および列車制御性能を確保するだけの受信電力を必要とし、それゆえに前記性能を確保するだけの出力電力が必要となる。
特開2005−178614号公報
In general, the track circuit is treated as an electric circuit. The track circuit includes a transformer, a rail, and a cable, and has a reactance component and a susceptance component. Train detection in the track circuit system is carried out by transmitting a train detection signal from a transmitter to a track circuit equivalent to this electric circuit and receiving the train detection signal at a receiver via the track circuit ( Patent Document 1). Moreover, the train control in the track circuit system performs the train control by receiving a train control signal from a signal current flowing through the rail in the track circuit by an electromagnetic induction phenomenon in a pickup coil installed on the vehicle. For this reason, the train detection signal and the train control signal require received power sufficient to ensure the train detection performance and the train control performance, and therefore output power sufficient to ensure the performance.
JP 2005-178614 A

送信器から交流信号を送信した場合、軌道回路及びケーブルのリアクタンス成分およびサセプタンス成分により、送信器の出力電圧と出力電流の位相差の絶対値が大きくなっている場合がある。その場合、出力された信号の多くは無効電力となり、結果としてレールの長い軌道回路や、ケーブルの長い軌道回路や、信号伝達性能の低い軌道回路における列車検知性能および列車制御性能の確保が困難であるという課題があった。   When an AC signal is transmitted from the transmitter, the absolute value of the phase difference between the output voltage and output current of the transmitter may be large due to the reactance component and susceptance component of the track circuit and cable. In that case, most of the output signals are reactive power, and as a result, it is difficult to ensure train detection performance and train control performance in track circuits with long rails, track circuits with long cables, and track circuits with low signal transmission performance. There was a problem that there was.

前記従来技術では、送信器の出力電圧と出力電流の位相差が大きい場合、送信器の出力を増加させるか、もしくは軌道回路におけるレール長を短縮するか、もしくは軌道回路におけるケーブル長を短縮し、列車検知性能および列車制御性能を確保する必要があった。   In the prior art, if the phase difference between the output voltage and output current of the transmitter is large, increase the output of the transmitter, or shorten the rail length in the track circuit, or shorten the cable length in the track circuit, It was necessary to ensure train detection performance and train control performance.

本発明の目的は、軌道回路において、送信器の出力電圧と出力電流の位相差を最小とすることで無効電力を最小とし、有効電力を最大とすることで効率の良い信号伝送を提供することにある。   It is an object of the present invention to provide efficient signal transmission by minimizing reactive power by minimizing the phase difference between the output voltage and output current of a transmitter in a track circuit and maximizing active power. It is in.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明では、送信器とケーブルの間もしくは送信器と軌道回路の間もしくはその両方に位相調整器を備えた。この位相調整器によって、送信器の出力インピーダンスを調整し、送信器の出力電圧と出力電流の位相差を最小とする。   In order to achieve the above object, the present invention includes a phase adjuster between the transmitter and the cable, between the transmitter and the track circuit, or both. This phase adjuster adjusts the output impedance of the transmitter to minimize the phase difference between the output voltage and output current of the transmitter.

すなわち、本発明は、接続したレールに信号を送信するための送信手段と、前記レールの受信端に接続し、前記送信手段からの信号を受信する受信手段とを有する軌道回路において、前記送信手段により送信された列車検知信号又は列車制御信号の電圧と電流の位相差を0に近づくように調整する調整手段を備えた軌道回路である。   That is, the present invention provides an orbital circuit having a transmitting means for transmitting a signal to a connected rail and a receiving means connected to a receiving end of the rail and receiving a signal from the transmitting means. It is a track circuit provided with the adjustment means which adjusts the phase difference of the voltage and electric current of the train detection signal or train control signal transmitted by (2) to approach zero.

また、本発明は、前記調整手段は、前記送信手段により送信された列車検知信号又は列車制御信号の電圧と電流の位相差を0に近づけるインダクタンス値を有する変圧器を含む軌道回路である。   Further, the present invention is a track circuit including the transformer, wherein the adjustment unit has an inductance value that brings the phase difference between the voltage and current of the train detection signal or the train control signal transmitted by the transmission unit close to zero.

そして、本発明は、前記調整手段は、外部又は内部にコイルもしくはコンデンサもしくはその両方を並列又は直列に付加し、かつ、前記送信手段により送信された列車検知信号又は列車制御信号の電圧と電流の位相差を0に近づけるインダクタンス値及び容量を有する変圧器を含む軌道回路である。   In the present invention, the adjustment means adds a coil or a capacitor or both in parallel or in series to the outside or inside, and the voltage and current of the train detection signal or train control signal transmitted by the transmission means. This is a track circuit including a transformer having an inductance value and a capacity for bringing the phase difference close to zero.

更に、本発明は、前記調整手段は、列車在線時に送信された列車制御信号の電圧と電流の位相差を0に近づくように調整する軌道回路である。   Furthermore, the present invention is a track circuit in which the adjusting means adjusts the phase difference between the voltage and current of the train control signal transmitted when the train is on line so as to approach zero.

また、本発明は、前記調整手段は、列車非在線時に送信された列車検知信号の電圧と電流の位相差を0に近づくように調整する軌道回路である。   Moreover, this invention is a track circuit in which the said adjustment means adjusts so that the phase difference of the voltage and electric current of a train detection signal transmitted at the time of a train absent line may approach zero.

そして、本発明は、リアクタンス、抵抗及びコンデンサで構成する擬似ケーブルを備えており、前記擬似ケーブルを用いて、ケーブル長を他の軌道回路と同一とみなせるように構成し、位相調整器又はインダクタンスを有する変圧器により、電圧と電流の位相差を0に近づくようにする軌道回路である。   And this invention is equipped with the pseudo | simulation cable comprised by reactance, resistance, and a capacitor | condenser, and is comprised so that cable length can be considered the same as another track circuit using the said pseudo cable, and a phase adjuster or an inductance is provided. This is a track circuit that makes the phase difference between voltage and current approach 0 by a transformer.

本発明によれば、送信器から出力する列車検知信号および列車制御信号を送信器の出力電圧と出力電流の位相差を最小とすることによって、無効電力を最小とし有効電力最大にすることができ、効率の良い信号伝送が可能になる。   According to the present invention, the reactive power can be minimized and the active power can be maximized by minimizing the phase difference between the output voltage and output current of the transmitter in the train detection signal and the train control signal output from the transmitter. Efficient signal transmission becomes possible.

このような手法により、送受信器の定格出力を増加させることなく、もしくはレール長を短縮することなく、もしくはケーブル長を短縮することなく、列車検知性能や列車制御性能を確保することが可能となる。   With such a method, it is possible to ensure train detection performance and train control performance without increasing the rated output of the transceiver, without shortening the rail length, or without shortening the cable length. .

本発明を実施するための最良の形態を説明する。
本発明の軌道回路の実施例について、図面を用いて説明する。
The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described.
Embodiments of the track circuit of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

実施例1を説明する。本発明の第1の実施例について、図1、図2を用いて説明する。図1は、本実施例の軌道回路のブロック図である。本実施例の軌道回路1Tは、送信器1、位相調整器2、変圧器3、ケーブル4、変圧器5、レール6、変圧器7、ケーブル8、変圧器9、受信器10から構成されている。送信器1から出力した列車検知信号を、軌道回路1Tを介して受信器10により受信することにより、列車検知を実施する。   Example 1 will be described. A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the track circuit of the present embodiment. The track circuit 1T of the present embodiment includes a transmitter 1, a phase adjuster 2, a transformer 3, a cable 4, a transformer 5, a rail 6, a transformer 7, a cable 8, a transformer 9, and a receiver 10. Yes. Train detection is performed by receiving the train detection signal output from the transmitter 1 by the receiver 10 via the track circuit 1T.

送信器1は、列車検知信号f1を軌道回路1Tへ出力する。軌道回路1Tを構成する変圧器3、ケーブル4、変圧器5、レール6、変圧器7、ケーブル8、変圧器9は、それぞれリアクタンス成分およびサセプタンス成分を有している為、軌道回路1T全体としてリアクタンス成分およびサセプタンス成分を有していることとなる。そのため、図2に示すように、送信器1から出力された列車検知信号f1は、電圧と電流との間に位相差を持つこととなり、送信器1から見た軌道回路側の出力インピーダンスの絶対値はZ1、位相はθ1となる。このとき、送信器1の出力電圧P1について、有効電力P1eは、P1e=P1×cosθ1で算出される。有効電力P1eが最大となるのは、θ1=0の時であるため、位相調整器2によって位相θ1を調整して0に近づける、又は最小にすることにより、有効電力を最大又はほぼ最大にして列車検知信号を出力することが可能となる。   The transmitter 1 outputs a train detection signal f1 to the track circuit 1T. Since the transformer 3, the cable 4, the transformer 5, the rail 6, the transformer 7, the cable 8, and the transformer 9 constituting the track circuit 1T each have a reactance component and a susceptance component, the track circuit 1T as a whole It has a reactance component and a susceptance component. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the train detection signal f <b> 1 output from the transmitter 1 has a phase difference between voltage and current, and the absolute impedance of the output impedance on the track circuit side viewed from the transmitter 1. The value is Z1 and the phase is θ1. At this time, for the output voltage P1 of the transmitter 1, the active power P1e is calculated as P1e = P1 × cos θ1. Since the active power P1e is maximized when θ1 = 0, the phase adjuster 2 adjusts the phase θ1 to approach 0 or minimizes the active power to maximize or nearly maximize the effective power. A train detection signal can be output.

位相調整器2は、コイルもしくはコンデンサもしくはコイル及びコンデンサにて構成される。位相調整器2のコイルのインダクタンス値もしくはコンデンサの容量を変化させることにより、位相調整器2のリアクタンス成分およびサセプタンス成分を調整し、送信器1の出力インピーダンスの位相θ1を0に近づける、又は最小にする。位相調整器2は、図2において、軌道回路に対して直列に挿入されているが、これを並列に挿入しても同等の効果が得られる。   The phase adjuster 2 includes a coil, a capacitor, or a coil and a capacitor. The reactance component and the susceptance component of the phase adjuster 2 are adjusted by changing the inductance value of the coil of the phase adjuster 2 or the capacitance of the capacitor, and the phase θ1 of the output impedance of the transmitter 1 is brought close to 0 or minimized. To do. Although the phase adjuster 2 is inserted in series with respect to the track circuit in FIG. 2, the same effect can be obtained even if it is inserted in parallel.

なお、列車検知信号については、列車非在線時に信号の電圧と電流の位相差を最小に、又は0に近づけるようにするのが好ましい。   In addition, about a train detection signal, it is preferable to make the phase difference of the voltage of a signal and an electric current the minimum or close | similar to 0 at the time of a train absent line.

実施例2を説明する。本発明の第2の実施例について、図3を用いて説明する。本実施例は、位相調整を、送信器1が信号を出力する変圧器のインダクタンス値を適切に設定することによって、送信器1の出力電圧と出力電流の位相差を0に近づける、又は最小にして、送信器1の出力を最適とする軌道回路である。   A second embodiment will be described. A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, the phase adjustment is performed by appropriately setting the inductance value of the transformer from which the transmitter 1 outputs a signal, thereby making the phase difference between the output voltage and the output current of the transmitter 1 close to 0 or minimized. Thus, the track circuit optimizes the output of the transmitter 1.

図3は、本実施例の軌道回路のブロック図である。変圧器3はコイルによって構成されている。変圧器3のコイルはインダクタンス値を有しており、そのためコイルのインダクタンス値を調整することで、送信器1の出力インピーダンスを変化させることができる。そこで、変圧器3のコイルのインダクタンス値を送信器1の出力電圧と出力電流の位相差が0に近づける、又は最小になるように設定する。これにより、実施例1と同様に、送信器が出力する列車検知信号を有効電力最大又はほぼ最大で出力することが可能となる。これ以外の処理は実施例1と同じであるので、ここでの説明は省略する。   FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the track circuit of the present embodiment. The transformer 3 is constituted by a coil. The coil of the transformer 3 has an inductance value. Therefore, the output impedance of the transmitter 1 can be changed by adjusting the inductance value of the coil. Therefore, the inductance value of the coil of the transformer 3 is set so that the phase difference between the output voltage and the output current of the transmitter 1 approaches 0 or is minimized. As a result, as in the first embodiment, it is possible to output the train detection signal output from the transmitter at the maximum or almost the maximum effective power. Since other processes are the same as those in the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted here.

実施例3を説明する。本発明の第3の実施例について、図4、図5を用いて説明する。本実施例は、実施例1および実施例2で示した軌道回路における位相調整を、列車在線時において最適なものとすることで、列車制御信号f2の有効電力を最大とするものである。   A third embodiment will be described. A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the present embodiment, the effective power of the train control signal f2 is maximized by optimizing the phase adjustment in the track circuit shown in the first embodiment and the second embodiment at the time of train presence.

図4は、実施例1で示した軌道回路において特に列車在線時のブロック図である。また、図5は、実施例2で示した軌道回路において特に列車在線時のブロック図である。図4、図5において、列車11が在線することにより、レール6が列車11の車軸によって短絡され、送信器1の出力電圧と出力電流が、列車非在線時と比較して変化する。列車制御信号f2は、列車11の先頭部に設けたコイルによって、レールに流れる電流を電磁誘導現象により列車11内の受信器に電圧に変換され伝送される為、電流は一定値以上必要である。これより、出力電圧と出力電流の位相差も変化することとなり、列車11在線時における送信器1の出力インピーダンスの位相差を0に近づける、又は最小とすることで、列車制御信号f2のレール電流を最大又はほぼ最大とすることができる。これ以外の処理は実施例1と同じであるので、ここでの説明は省略する。   FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the track circuit shown in the first embodiment, particularly when the train is on line. FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the track circuit shown in the second embodiment, particularly when the train is on. 4 and 5, when the train 11 is present, the rail 6 is short-circuited by the axle of the train 11, and the output voltage and output current of the transmitter 1 change compared to when the train is absent. The train control signal f2 is transmitted through a coil provided at the head of the train 11 after the current flowing in the rail is converted into a voltage by the electromagnetic induction phenomenon to a receiver in the train 11, so that the current needs to exceed a certain value. . As a result, the phase difference between the output voltage and the output current also changes. By making the phase difference of the output impedance of the transmitter 1 close to 0 or minimized when the train 11 is present, the rail current of the train control signal f2 is reduced. Can be maximized or nearly maximized. Since other processes are the same as those in the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted here.

実施例4を説明する。本実施例の軌道回路は、図6に示すように、リアクタンス、抵抗及びコンデンサで構成する擬似ケーブル12、13を備えている。複数の軌道回路において、各軌道回路のケーブル長が異なる場合には、リアクタンス、抵抗及びコンデンサで構成した擬似ケーブルを用い、ケーブル長を他の軌道回路と同一とみなせるように構成すれば、各軌道回路の電気的性能が均一となる。そして、位相調整器又はインダクタンスを有する変圧器3によって、電圧と電流の位相差を0に近づくようにした軌道回路とする。これにより、同一の電気的性能を有する位相調整器又はインダクタンスを有する変圧器によって、ケーブル長の異なる軌道回路においても効率良く伝送することが可能となる。   Example 4 will be described. As shown in FIG. 6, the track circuit of the present embodiment includes pseudo cables 12 and 13 constituted by reactances, resistors, and capacitors. In multiple track circuits, if the track length of each track circuit is different, use a pseudo cable composed of reactance, resistance, and capacitor, and configure the cable length so that it can be regarded as the same as other track circuits. The electrical performance of the circuit is uniform. A phase circuit or a transformer 3 having an inductance is used as a track circuit in which the phase difference between the voltage and the current approaches 0. Accordingly, it is possible to efficiently transmit even in track circuits having different cable lengths by the phase adjuster having the same electrical performance or the transformer having the inductance.

実施例1における列車検知装置のブロック図である。1 is a block diagram of a train detection device in Embodiment 1. FIG. 実施例1を補足説明するための図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram for supplementarily explaining the first embodiment. 実施例2における列車検知装置のブロック図である。It is a block diagram of the train detection apparatus in Example 2. 実施例3における列車検知装置のブロック図である。It is a block diagram of the train detection apparatus in Example 3. 実施例3の変形例における列車検知装置のブロック図である。It is a block diagram of the train detection apparatus in the modification of Example 3. 実施例4における列車検知装置のブロック図である。It is a block diagram of the train detection apparatus in Example 4.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1…送信器、2…位相調整器、3…変圧器、4…ケーブル、5…変圧器、6…レール、7…変圧器、8…ケーブル、9…変圧器、10…受信器、11…列車、12…擬似ケーブル、13…擬似ケーブル DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Transmitter, 2 ... Phase adjuster, 3 ... Transformer, 4 ... Cable, 5 ... Transformer, 6 ... Rail, 7 ... Transformer, 8 ... Cable, 9 ... Transformer, 10 ... Receiver, 11 ... Train, 12 ... pseudo cable, 13 ... pseudo cable

Claims (6)

接続したレールに信号を送信するための送信手段と、前記レールの受信端に接続し、前記送信手段からの信号を受信する受信手段とを有する軌道回路において、
前記送信手段により送信された列車検知信号又は列車制御信号の電圧と電流の位相差を0に近づくように調整する調整手段を備えたことを特徴とする軌道回路。
In a track circuit having a transmitting means for transmitting a signal to a connected rail, and a receiving means connected to a receiving end of the rail and receiving a signal from the transmitting means,
A track circuit comprising adjusting means for adjusting the phase difference between the voltage and current of the train detection signal or train control signal transmitted by the transmitting means so as to approach zero.
請求項1記載の軌道回路において、
前記調整手段は、前記送信手段により送信された列車検知信号又は列車制御信号の電圧と電流の位相差を0に近づけるインダクタンス値を有する変圧器を含むことを特徴とする軌道回路。
The track circuit according to claim 1, wherein
The track circuit characterized in that the adjusting means includes a transformer having an inductance value that brings the phase difference between the voltage and current of the train detection signal or train control signal transmitted by the transmitting means close to zero.
請求項1記載の軌道回路において、
前記調整手段は、外部又は内部にコイルもしくはコンデンサもしくはその両方を並列又は直列に付加し、かつ、前記送信手段により送信された列車検知信号又は列車制御信号の電圧と電流の位相差を0に近づけるインダクタンス値及び容量を有する変圧器を含むことを特徴とする軌道回路。
The track circuit according to claim 1, wherein
The adjusting means adds a coil or a capacitor or both outside or inside in parallel or in series, and brings the phase difference between the voltage and current of the train detection signal or train control signal transmitted by the transmitting means close to zero. A track circuit comprising a transformer having an inductance value and a capacity.
請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の軌道回路において、
前記調整手段は、列車在線時に送信された列車制御信号の電圧と電流の位相差を0に近づくように調整することを特徴とする軌道回路。
The track circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The track circuit is characterized in that the adjusting means adjusts the phase difference between the voltage and current of the train control signal transmitted when the train is present so as to approach zero.
請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の軌道回路において、
前記調整手段は、列車非在線時に送信された列車検知信号の電圧と電流の位相差を0に近づくように調整することを特徴とする軌道回路。
The track circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The adjustment circuit adjusts the phase difference between the voltage and current of the train detection signal transmitted when the train is absent so as to approach zero.
請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の軌道回路において、
リアクタンス、抵抗及びコンデンサで構成する擬似ケーブルを備えており、前記擬似ケーブルを用いて、ケーブル長を他の軌道回路と同一とみなせるように構成し、位相調整器又はインダクタンスを有する変圧器により、電圧と電流の位相差を0に近づくようにすることを特徴とする軌道回路。
In the track circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
A pseudo cable composed of reactance, resistance and capacitor is provided, and the pseudo cable is used so that the cable length can be regarded as the same as other track circuits, and a voltage is applied by a phase adjuster or a transformer having an inductance. A track circuit characterized in that the phase difference between current and current approaches zero.
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CN101121413A (en) 2008-02-13
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