JP2008034170A - Fuel cell stack - Google Patents

Fuel cell stack Download PDF

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JP2008034170A
JP2008034170A JP2006204381A JP2006204381A JP2008034170A JP 2008034170 A JP2008034170 A JP 2008034170A JP 2006204381 A JP2006204381 A JP 2006204381A JP 2006204381 A JP2006204381 A JP 2006204381A JP 2008034170 A JP2008034170 A JP 2008034170A
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fuel cell
separator
cell stack
end plate
plate
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JP5082320B2 (en
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Hiroaki Suga
宏明 菅
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent the risk caused by short-circuiting of a fuel cell stack. <P>SOLUTION: The fuel cell stack has a structure of arranging and fastening an insulating end plate 16 through a current collector plate 14 at both ends of a stack, where many cells 12 with electrolytes sandwiched between electrodes are laminated via separators 13. In such a structure, the mounting-side length of the end plate 16 is made greater than the length of the separator 13 such that the cell 12, separator 13 and current collector plate 14 can be lifted up from a flat plate 19, thereby allowing the prevention of short-circuiting caused by the flat plate 19 and leaked cooling water or generated water. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、ポータブル電源、電気自動車用電源、家庭内コージェネシステム等に使用する高分子電解質を用いた燃料電池スタックに関するものである。   The present invention relates to a fuel cell stack using a polymer electrolyte used for a portable power source, a power source for an electric vehicle, a domestic cogeneration system, and the like.

従来、この種の燃料電池スタックは、小型軽量で出力密度が高く、しかも構造が簡単なことから注目されている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。   Conventionally, this type of fuel cell stack has attracted attention because of its small size and light weight, high output density, and simple structure (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

図３は、特許文献１に記載された従来の燃料電池スタックの斜視図を示したものである。図３に示すように、燃料電池スタック１は、固体高分子電解質を電極で挟んだセル２がセパレータ３を介して複数積層されて、積層方向両端側に集電プレート４および絶縁プレート５を介してエンドプレート６がそれぞれ配設されると共に、これらセル２、セパレータ３、エンドプレート６、集電プレート４、絶縁プレート５の周縁近傍に各々形成された貫通穴に表面を絶縁処理されたシャフト７がそれぞれ貫通して、これらシャフト７の両端側にナット８がそれぞれ螺合して締め付けられることにより締結されている。   FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a conventional fuel cell stack described in Patent Document 1. In FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the fuel cell stack 1 includes a plurality of cells 2 each having a solid polymer electrolyte sandwiched between electrodes via separators 3, and a current collecting plate 4 and an insulating plate 5 on both ends in the stacking direction. The end plate 6 is disposed, and the shaft 7 has a surface in which a through hole is formed in the vicinity of the periphery of the cell 2, the separator 3, the end plate 6, the current collecting plate 4, and the insulating plate 5. Are respectively tightened by screwing and tightening nuts 8 to both ends of the shaft 7.

このような燃料電池スタック１においては、一方のエンドプレート６に形成された空気マニホールド６ａから空気を供給し、水素マニホールド６ｂから水素を供給し、冷却水マニホールド６ｃから冷却水を供給すると、冷却水がセパレータ３の内部の流路内に流入し、当該セパレータ３を介してセル２を冷却した後、他方のエンドプレート６の冷却水マニホールド６ｃから送出される一方、セパレータ３の一方の面に形成された流路内に空気が流入してセル２の一方の電極に供給されると共にセパレータ３の他方の面に形成された流路内に水素が流入してセル２の他方の電極に供給され、水素と空気中の酸素とがセル２の前記電解質で電気化学的に反応して起電力と水を発生させ、セパレータ３を介して集電プレート４の図示しない集電部材から外部に電力を供給し、未反応の空気と生成した水が他方のエンドプレート６の空気マニホールド６ａから送出されると共に未反応の水素と生成した水が他方のエンドプレート６の水素マニホールド６ｂから送出される。
特開２００２−４２８５２号公報 In such a fuel cell stack 1, when air is supplied from the air manifold 6a formed on one end plate 6, hydrogen is supplied from the hydrogen manifold 6b, and cooling water is supplied from the cooling water manifold 6c, the cooling water is supplied. Flows into the flow path inside the separator 3, cools the cell 2 through the separator 3, and then is sent out from the cooling water manifold 6 c of the other end plate 6, while being formed on one surface of the separator 3. Air flows into the flow channel formed and supplied to one electrode of the cell 2, and hydrogen flows into the flow channel formed on the other surface of the separator 3 and supplied to the other electrode of the cell 2. Hydrogen and oxygen in the air electrochemically react with the electrolyte of the cell 2 to generate electromotive force and water, and a current collecting member (not shown) of the current collecting plate 4 through the separator 3 Then, electric power is supplied to the outside, unreacted air and generated water are sent out from the air manifold 6 a of the other end plate 6, and unreacted hydrogen and generated water are sent from the hydrogen manifold 6 b of the other end plate 6. Sent out.
JP 2002-42852 A

しかしながら、上記従来の構成では、燃料電池スタックが平板などに設置された状態で冷却水や生成した水が漏れた場合、発電により短絡しやすいという課題を有していた。   However, the above-described conventional configuration has a problem that when cooling water or generated water leaks in a state where the fuel cell stack is installed on a flat plate or the like, a short circuit is likely to occur due to power generation.

本発明は、上記従来の課題を解決するもので、冷却水や生成水が漏れた場合にでも、短絡しにくい燃料電池スタックを提供することを目的とする。   The present invention solves the above-described conventional problems, and an object thereof is to provide a fuel cell stack that is not easily short-circuited even when cooling water or generated water leaks.

上記従来の課題を解決するために、本発明の燃料電池スタックは、電解質を電極で挟んだセルをセパレータを介して複数積層した両端側に集電プレートを介して絶縁性のエンドプレートを配設して締結した構造で、前記エンドプレートの設置側の長さを前記セパレータの長さより長くすることによって設置面とセパレータの間に隙間を設けたものであり、これによって、セルやセパレータを漏れた冷却水や生成した水から離すことで短絡を防止することが可能となる。   In order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, the fuel cell stack of the present invention has an insulating end plate disposed on both end sides of a plurality of cells sandwiched with an electrolyte sandwiched between electrodes via separators via current collecting plates. In this structure, the length of the end plate on the installation side is made longer than the length of the separator, thereby providing a gap between the installation surface and the separator, thereby leaking cells and separators. It becomes possible to prevent a short circuit by separating from cooling water or generated water.

本発明の燃料電池スタックは、セルやセパレータを漏れた冷却水や生成した水から離れた位置に置くことができるので、短絡を防止することができる。   Since the fuel cell stack of the present invention can be placed at a position away from the leaked cooling water or generated water, it is possible to prevent short circuit.

請求項１に記載の発明は、電解質を電極で挟んだセルをセパレータを介して複数積層した両端側に集電プレートを介して絶縁性のエンドプレートを配設して締結した構造で、前記エンドプレートの設置側の長さを前記セパレータの長さより長くすることによって設置面とセパレータの間に隙間を設けたことにより、セルやセパレータを燃料電池スタックが設置される平板から浮かして設置することができるので、漏れた冷却水や生成した水による短絡を防ぐことができる。   The invention according to claim 1 is a structure in which a plurality of cells sandwiching an electrolyte between electrodes are stacked via separators, and an insulating end plate is disposed and fastened via current collector plates, and the end By providing a gap between the installation surface and the separator by making the length of the plate installation side longer than the length of the separator, the cells and the separator can be installed floating from the flat plate on which the fuel cell stack is installed. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a short circuit due to leaked cooling water or generated water.

請求項２に記載の発明は、請求項１に記載の発明において、エンドプレートのセパレータより長い部分に半長孔状の切欠きを設けたことにより、セルやセパレータを燃料電池スタックが設置される平板から浮かして設置することができ、すなわち、セルやセパレータと燃料電池スタックの設置面との間に隙間を設ける構成として、また、エンドプレートに空けた半長孔状の切欠きにより、水を溜まりにくくすることができるので、漏れた冷却水や生成した水による短絡を防ぐことができる。   According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the fuel cell stack is provided with a cell or a separator by providing a semi-long hole-like notch in a portion longer than the separator of the end plate. It can be installed floating from a flat plate, that is, as a configuration in which a gap is provided between the installation surface of the cell or separator and the fuel cell stack, and the water is removed by a semi-long hole cutout formed in the end plate. Since it can be made difficult to accumulate, a short circuit due to leaked cooling water or generated water can be prevented.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。なお、この実施の形態によってこの発明が限定されるものではない。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

（実施の形態１）
図１は本発明の実施の形態１における燃料電池スタックの斜視図を示すものである。 (Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a fuel cell stack according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

図１において、燃料電池スタック１１は、固体高分子電解質を電極で挟んだセル１２がセパレータ１３を介して複数積層されて、積層方向両端側に集電プレート１４を介して絶縁性のエンドプレート１６がそれぞれ配設されると共に、これらセル１２、セパレータ１３、エンドプレート１６、集電プレート１４の周縁近傍に各々形成された貫通穴に表面を絶縁処理されたシャフト１７がそれぞれ貫通して、これらシャフト１７の両端側にナット１８がそれぞれ螺合して締め付けられることにより締結されている。また、エンドプレート１６の燃料電池スタック１１を設置する平板１９と接する側の長さをセル１２、セパレータ１３、集電プレート１４に比べ長くしている。   In FIG. 1, a fuel cell stack 11 includes a plurality of cells 12 having a solid polymer electrolyte sandwiched between electrodes via separators 13, and insulating end plates 16 via current collecting plates 14 at both ends in the stacking direction. Are arranged, and shafts 17 whose surfaces are insulated are passed through through-holes formed in the vicinity of the periphery of the cell 12, separator 13, end plate 16, and current collecting plate 14, respectively. The nuts 18 are fastened by being screwed to the both ends of the screw 17 and tightened. Further, the length of the end plate 16 on the side in contact with the flat plate 19 on which the fuel cell stack 11 is installed is longer than that of the cell 12, the separator 13, and the current collecting plate 14.

このような燃料電池スタック１１においては、一方のエンドプレート１６に形成された空気マニホールド１６ａから空気を供給し、水素マニホールド１６ｂから水素を供給し、冷却水マニホールド１６ｃから冷却水を供給すると、冷却水がセパレータ１３の内部の流路内に流入し、当該セパレータ１３を介してセル１２を冷却した後、他方のエンドプレート１６の冷却水マニホールド１６ｃから送出される一方、セパレータ１３の一方の面に形成された流路内に空気が流入してセル１２の一方の電極に供給されると共にセパレータ１３の他方の面に形成された流路内に水素が流入してセル１２の他方の電極に供給され、水素と空気中の酸素とがセル１２の前記電解質で電気化学的に反応して起電力と水を発生させ、セパレータ１３を介して集電プレート１４の図示しない集電部材から外部に電力を供給し、未反応の空気と生成した水が他方のエンドプレート１６の空気マニホールド１６ａから送出されると共に未反応の水素と生成した水が他方のエンドプレート１６の水素マニホールド１６ｂから送出される。   In such a fuel cell stack 11, when air is supplied from the air manifold 16a formed on one end plate 16, hydrogen is supplied from the hydrogen manifold 16b, and cooling water is supplied from the cooling water manifold 16c, the cooling water is supplied. Flows into the flow path inside the separator 13, cools the cell 12 through the separator 13, and then is sent out from the cooling water manifold 16 c of the other end plate 16, while being formed on one surface of the separator 13. Air flows into the flow channel formed and supplied to one electrode of the cell 12, and hydrogen flows into the flow channel formed on the other surface of the separator 13 and supplied to the other electrode of the cell 12. Hydrogen and oxygen in the air electrochemically react with the electrolyte of the cell 12 to generate electromotive force and water, which are collected via the separator 13. Electric power is supplied to the outside from a current collecting member (not shown) of the plate 14, unreacted air and generated water are sent out from the air manifold 16a of the other end plate 16, and unreacted hydrogen and generated water are sent to the other end plate 16. It is sent out from the hydrogen manifold 16b of the end plate 16.

以上のような構成であるので、燃料電池スタック１１を平板１９などに設置した場合、設置する側において、セル１２とセパレータ１３、集電プレート１４を平板から浮かすようにエンドプレート１６が支え、すなわち、セルやセパレータと燃料電池スタックの設置面との間に隙間を設ける構成としているので、冷却水や生成した水が漏れた場合においても、セル１２とセパレータ１３、集電プレート１４と平板１９との短絡を防ぐことができる。   With the above configuration, when the fuel cell stack 11 is installed on the flat plate 19 or the like, the end plate 16 supports the cell 12, the separator 13, and the current collecting plate 14 to float from the flat plate on the installation side. Since the gap is provided between the cell or separator and the installation surface of the fuel cell stack, the cell 12 and the separator 13, the current collecting plate 14 and the flat plate 19 can be used even when cooling water or generated water leaks. Can prevent short circuit.

（実施の形態２）
図２は本発明の実施の形態２における燃料電池スタックの斜視図を示すものである。実施の形態１と同様の構成については説明を省略するが、実施の形態２の特徴は、図２において、エンドプレート１６の平板１９と接する部分に半長孔状の切欠き２０を設けた点であり、これにより、平板１９に水が溜まりにくくなるので、より短絡の可能性を低くすることができる。 (Embodiment 2)
FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a fuel cell stack according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Although the description of the same configuration as that of the first embodiment is omitted, the feature of the second embodiment is that in FIG. This makes it difficult for water to collect on the flat plate 19, thereby further reducing the possibility of a short circuit.

以上のように、本発明にかかる燃料電池スタックは、漏れた冷却水や生成した水による短絡を防止することができる。   As described above, the fuel cell stack according to the present invention can prevent a short circuit due to leaked cooling water or generated water.

本発明の実施の形態１における燃料電池スタックの斜視図1 is a perspective view of a fuel cell stack according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. 本発明の実施の形態２における燃料電池スタックの斜視図The perspective view of the fuel cell stack in Embodiment 2 of this invention 従来の燃料電池スタックの斜視図A perspective view of a conventional fuel cell stack

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１１ 燃料電池スタック
１２ セル
１３ セパレータ
１４ 集電プレート
１６ エンドプレート
２０ 半長孔状の切り欠き 11 Fuel Cell Stack 12 Cell 13 Separator 14 Current Collection Plate 16 End Plate 20 Half-Long Hole Notch

Claims (2)

電解質を電極で挟んだセルをセパレータを介して複数積層した両端側に集電プレートを介して絶縁性のエンドプレートを配設して締結し、前記エンドプレートの設置側の長さを前記セパレータの設置側の長さより長くすることにより設置面とセパレータの間に隙間を設けた燃料電池スタック。   Insulating end plates are arranged and clamped via current collector plates on both end sides where a plurality of cells sandwiched by electrodes are stacked via separators, and the length of the end plate is set to the length of the separator. A fuel cell stack in which a gap is provided between the installation surface and the separator by making it longer than the installation side length. 前記エンドプレートの前記セパレータより長い部分に半長孔状の切欠きを設けたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の燃料電池スタック。   2. The fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein a notch having a semi-long hole shape is provided in a portion longer than the separator of the end plate.
JP2006204381A 2006-07-27 2006-07-27 Fuel cell stack Active JP5082320B2 (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004349015A (en) * 2003-05-20 2004-12-09 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Polymer electrolyte fuel cell
JP2006179238A (en) * 2004-12-21 2006-07-06 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Fuel cell stack

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004349015A (en) * 2003-05-20 2004-12-09 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Polymer electrolyte fuel cell
JP2006179238A (en) * 2004-12-21 2006-07-06 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Fuel cell stack

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