JP2008002447A6 - Tornado generating propeller, tornado generator and tornado demonstration device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED To generate a tornado by a conventional local exhaust technology, which requires a room, a container, a guide, an injection device, a fan case, etc., is complicated and has a small extension of the tornado with respect to the size of the machine or device, and occurs at sea When the main purpose is the generation of a tornado with a high length that moves in free space such as a natural tornado, there is a problem with its configuration, and a tornado generating propeller and tornado generation for generating a tornado with only a propeller The realization of the machine and the tornado demonstration device is the object of the present invention.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention uses a blade having a structure combining a centrifugal propeller blade and an axial flow type propeller blade as a blade of a tornado generating propeller, and further, inside the blade of the tornado generating propeller Acceleration in the radial direction through the air can increase the swirling downflow, sufficiently generate the upflow and swirling flow necessary for tornado generation, and a tornado that can move a tornado with a simple structure and tornado Demonstration devices can be realized.
[Selection] Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a tornado generating propeller, a tornado generator, and a tornado demonstration device.

  Conventional tornado generation technology uses a suction flow of a fan provided in the center of the ceiling for the tornado generator, of the upward flow and the swirl flow required for tornado generation. There is a method (for example, Patent Publication No. 8-285340) used by injecting the blow-out flow to a plurality of pipe pillars provided on the circumference and injecting it horizontally from a plurality of holes provided on the side surface of the pipe. In a local intake and exhaust system that uses tornado convergence, the air flow of the exhaust system installed on the ceiling is made upward, and the blowout flow of the intake system is jetted downward from the vicinity of the fan in the form of an air curtain. Some have achieved this goal (for example, Patent Publication No. 2001-91007 and Patent Publication No. 203-329280), or there are a number of holes for obtaining a rotating flow in the bottom corner wall of the container or room. Individual, upward flow in the center of the ceiling To obtain the suction opening one provided a some what is generating tornadoes (e.g., Japanese Patent Publication 2001-108266).

  The conventional tornado generation technology described above requires rooms, containers, guides, jetting devices, fan cases, etc., which increases the size of the devices and machines, increases the complexity and weight, and is a constrained space. Therefore, the movement and form change of the tornado are small, and the natural appearance of the tornado phenomenon cannot be easily reproduced, and the height of the tornado is low with respect to the size of the machine or device.

  The conventional technology is very good as a tornado technology in a sealed space, but when the main purpose is a tornado with high length that moves while moving in free space like a natural tornado generated at sea etc. This invention has a problem in its configuration, and the present invention is intended to provide a technology capable of reproducing a natural tornado phenomenon in an airflow environment as close to free space as possible with a simple mechanical structure with little pressure feeling. is there.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention employs a technique for generating a tornado with only a propeller, and combines two types of centrifugal propeller blades and axial flow type propeller blades (however, the tip of the blade has a shaft). The problem is solved by obtaining an upflow and a swirl flow by rotating a propeller for generating a tornado of a blade structure in a coupled state by providing a flow type propeller blade or a blade having an axial flow function.

  First of all, the basic configuration of a tornado generator is to generate a tornado with a blade structure in which a hub is attached to the rotating shaft of an inverted drive motor, and a centrifugal propeller blade and an axial flow type propeller blade are combined with the hub. The propeller is attached, and the structure is suspended in the air to rotate the tornado generating propeller to generate a tornado.

  Next, the mechanism of tornado generation is that when the centrifugal propeller blades rotate, a rotating air flow is generated and flows in the radial direction, and the rotating air flow is pushed obliquely downward by the axial flow type propeller blades to generate a swirling downward flow. The dome-shaped swirling downward flow is formed as if an umbrella is opened, and when the dome-shaped swirling downward flow is formed, the centrifugal type having the property of sucking air from above and below the propeller rotation surface on average. The propeller blades change so as to strongly suck the air below, and a strong upward flow is generated inside the dome-shaped swirling downward flow by the suction, and the tip of the one dome-shaped swirling downward flow reaches the floor surface. When descending and colliding with the floor surface, the descending component disappears and a swirling flow is generated, and the swirling flow is pulled by the upward flow generated inside the swirling descending flow of the dome shape, and the floor surface in the dome Rising after flowing along Turns into a swirl rising vortex and develops up to the height of the propeller rotation surface of the centrifugal propeller blade, the upper part of the swirl rising vortex is sucked into the centrifugal propeller blade, and a tornado is generated along the swirl center line It is a mechanism to do.

  Therefore, the role of the centrifugal propeller blade is to provide a rotating component to the air by rotating and to generate a disk-like rotating air flow that diffuses outward while rotating. Shape (airfoil a), semicircular shape (airfoil b), elliptical (airfoil c), deformed ellipse with different diameters of arcs (airfoil d, or airfoil opposite to airfoil d) A shape such as a thick airfoil (airfoil e or an airfoil opposite to the airfoil e) is effective.

  Also, the role of the axial flow type propeller blade at the tip of the blade is to form a dome-shaped swirling downward flow that pushes the disk-shaped rotating air flow generated by the centrifugal propeller blade diagonally downward and opens the umbrella. The blade profile of the blade cross-section includes (airfoil b, c, d, e), cut plate shape (airfoil f), C-shaped cross-section (airfoil g), etc. Use with a pitch.

  Next, the advantage of using a tornado generating propeller as a duct-like blade is that by using a duct-like blade that can ventilate the inside of the blade, the air can be accelerated in the centrifugal direction, and the swirling downward flow and the upward flow are It is to increase the strength of the tornado, and as a blade type of a centrifugal propeller blade (wing type a, b, c, d, e), as a blade type of an axial flow type propeller blade (wing type) b, c, d, e) are effective.

  In addition, a suction port and a blow-out port are required to allow air to pass inside the duct-shaped blade, and the position of the suction port should be as close to the rotating shaft as possible in view of the role of the centrifugal propeller blade. One or a plurality of openings are provided on the rotational axis surface of the root of the centrifugal propeller blade, the abdominal surface near the blade root, the front edge, or the rear edge, and one outlet is provided at the blade tip.

  Next, when using the blades of the tornado generating propeller in the order of the axial flow type propeller blade, the centrifugal type propeller blade, and the axial flow type propeller blade from the rotary shaft side, the axial flow type propeller on the rotary shaft side is used. A shape such as (airfoil f) is reasonable for the blade shape of the blade, and the number of blades may be used in two upper and lower stages like a biplane.

  Next, in the case of a tornado generating propeller that is a duct-shaped blade, if the axial-flow type propeller blade part at the tip of the propeller is bent downward, the pitch of the axial-flow type propeller blade can be reduced, and the propeller rotation The bend angle is effective in the range of 0 to 90 degrees.

  Alternatively, when the blades of the tornado generating propeller are intentionally made of only centrifugal propeller blades, it is necessary to provide the tip portion of the blade with an axial flow function, and the tip portion of the blade is lowered in the range of 0 to 90 degrees. It is effective to use a bent structure (a bellows type duct is also convenient).

  In addition, if the tornado generating propeller is tilted downward within a range of 0 to 40 degrees and attached to the rotary shaft, the propeller can be reduced in rotational resistance, and the tornado is somewhat stabilized.

  Next, the air flow deflecting plate 13 is provided to flow the air accelerated inside the duct-shaped blade obliquely downward from the blade tip, but as an auxiliary device for the axial flow type propeller blade at the blade tip portion. It is effective when used.

  Next, the number of blades of the tornado generating propeller is sufficient with two blades, but may be three or more.

  Next, the purpose of the hub is to attach a tornado generating propeller to the rotating shaft. The structure is a general barrel type hub (4), and a hub (4a) provided with an air suction port at the center of the hub. A flange-type hub (4b), a hub (4C) used by being inserted into a duct-shaped blade, a plate-type hub (4d) provided with plates on the top and bottom, and the like are used.

  Next, with regard to the tornado generator, the tornado generator is provided with a hanging device, but its role is to keep the rotation surface of the tornado generating propeller horizontal, and the universal joint system is effective. .

  The main role of the case is to attach the suspension equipment, power switch and drive motor.If the tornado generator is small, a battery compartment is provided, or if it is used in liquid, it is waterproof. To do.

  The role of the drive motor is to rotate the tornado generating propeller, and there are various motors such as an electric motor, an air motor, and a hydraulic motor, and a drive motor with a speed reducer is advantageous.

  Next, with regard to the mobile tornado demonstration device, the purpose is to reproduce the natural tornado phenomenon as much as possible, and it is particularly important to move the tornado. In addition, light smoke balls such as foam, styrene foam, ping-pong balls, etc. are used, but in large tornado generators, balls of plastic, silicon, rubber, etc. are also used.

  In addition, the underwater tornado demonstration device assumes a tornado phenomenon in the water, and it is necessary to visualize the tornado, and the bottom of the tank is inclined so that the tornado can easily suck the input visualization. The central part is deepened so that the visualization is gathered in the center of the water tank, and the cross-sectional shape of the water tank is circular, rectangular, polygonal or other shapes.

  In the case of an underwater tornado, a vortex is likely to be generated on the water surface due to the rotation of the tornado generating propeller, and air on the water surface may flow into the rotating surface of the tornado generating propeller. When a disk is floated on the upper water surface, or when the rotation shaft of the drive motor is lengthened and only the tornado generating propeller is submerged in the water, a shaft hole is provided in the center of the disk, and the disk passes through the rotation shaft to the water surface. It is effective to submerge the tornado generating propeller in a free floating state.

  For visualization of underwater tornadoes, grains, holes, sawdust, etc. made of plastic, silicon, rubber or the like having a specific gravity greater than that of water are used.

  Next, it is effective to refer to the mechanism of the tornado phenomenon for the selection of the centrifugal propeller blades and the axial flow type propeller blades, the setting of the blade pitch, the setting of the demonstration device, and the production of natural tornado. It is.

  The mechanism of the tornado phenomenon described below was originally obtained by comparing the experiment with an artificial tornado and the appearance of an actual natural tornado. The mechanism structure of the tornado phenomenon is tornado, swirling ascending vortex, bottom conical vortex, It consists of a bottom disk-like vortex and an upper negative pressure zone. Depending on the environment of the tornado phenomenon, it has a mechanism structure such as an upside down tornado along the centerline of the tornado or a downburst phenomenon in the tornado.

  As described above, a tornado occurs in a plurality of vortex configurations. First, a swirl rising vortex is formed. When an upper negative pressure zone is generated at the top of this swirl rising vortex, the upper surface of the swirl rising vortex is sucked up by the negative pressure. Since the swirl rising vortex resists the negative pressure action of the upper negative pressure zone due to the centrifugal force due to rotation, the negative pressure action propagates downward while acting most strongly on the central part of the swirl rising vortex.

  When the negative pressure action of the upper negative pressure zone reaches the ground surface, the bottom part of the swirl rising vortex is sucked into a disk shape, and a vortex with a higher centripetal speed than the swirl rising vortex is generated, and a disk-shaped vortex with different vortex winding is generated. It develops into a powerful vortex that breaks, but at this time the mechanism that can suck the bottom of the swirl rising vortex in a disk shape is that the swirl rising vortex bottom has a low rotational speed due to friction with the ground surface and the centrifugal force decreases. And the negative pressure in the upper negative pressure zone pulls up the entire swirling rising vortex, creating a gap between the swirling rising vortex and the surface of the earth. To do.

  When the bottom disk-like vortex is formed, the vortex flows are attracted by the upper negative pressure action and converge to the center, and the flow intersects at the center, and the bottom conical vortex is opened upward like a mortar. At this time, the heavy object sucked into the bottom conical vortex is blown outward by centrifugal force, while the light object is detached from the bottom conical vortex, but swirls around the tornado root, and lighter dust Is sucked up into the sky.

  When the bottom conical vortex develops to a diameter that can balance its centrifugal force and the upper negative pressure action, it turns into a vertical rise, and a spiral vortex that rises while turning is generated.

  The spiral vortex is sucked up by the negative pressure action and rises, but this spiral vortex is in a negative pressure state than the swirl rising vortex surrounding the outer periphery, and it rises while taking in air from the entire inner wall of the swirl rising vortex Then a tornado is born.

  A tornado is a strong swirling vortex, and dust and internally generated cloud particles gather around the tornado due to its centrifugal action, and a pipe-like tornado appears like a chimney.

  Next, although the tornado is pipe-shaped and the inside is transparent in a chimney state, depending on the state of the tornado phenomenon, a thin descending vortex is generated along the vortex center line of the transparent portion, and a transparent inverted tornado is generated.

  The cause of the inverted tornado is that a thin vortex occurs due to the hollowing phenomenon of the vortex center due to the centrifugal force of the tornado rotation, and the negative pressure of the bottom conical vortex sucks the bottom of the thin vortex, causing the reverse tornado to appear.

  Next, a downburst due to a tornado occurs when the upper negative pressure action due to the upper negative pressure band suddenly disappears when the tornado phenomenon occurs. The disappearance of the upper negative pressure occurs when the upper negative pressure zone disappears and when the tornado head deviates from the upper negative pressure zone.

  When the upper negative pressure acting on the tornado disappears, the tornado stops rising, and its centrifugal force expands the diameter outward, and the air from above flows into the cavity created by this expansion, causing the head of the tornado to move. It begins to flow down with a feeling of being depressed.

  This flow phenomenon is characterized by the fact that the tip becomes hemispherical and flows down, that is, downburst, and is caused by the expansion action due to the centrifugal force of the tornado, so the downburst speed is very fast and crashes into the ground surface Then, it diffuses radially in all directions to become a gust of wind, or the explosive gust creates a narrow gust of gust with a tornado diameter or several times the tornado diameter when the tornado is moving.

  Furthermore, depending on the environment, a plurality of tornadoes may be generated inside one tornado. One of the causes is that a tornado occurs due to a difference in speed between the inside and outside of the tornado due to obstacles on the surface, etc., and a tornado occurs, and multiple tornadoes line up on the same circle like a planetary gear Turn to form a tornado.

  As a result of the above-described solution means, it is possible to simultaneously obtain the two air flows of the upward flow and the swirl flow necessary for tornado generation simply by rotating the tornado generating propeller exposed in the air like a ceiling fan. Propellers and machines are easy to manufacture, there is little pressure on the machine, the tornado is tall in a free space environment, the tornado can be moved, and a more natural tornado can be generated Became.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 2, 3, and 4.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a small tornado generator, the configuration of which is a suspension device (9) with a universal joint, a power switch (10), and a case (8) with a battery compartment (11). An inverted drive motor (6) is attached to the bottom, a hub (4a) is attached to the rotating shaft (5) of the drive motor (6) protruding from the bottom of the case (8), and the blade structure is a centrifugal propeller blade 3 (airfoil type a, b, c, d, e) and a tornado generating propeller comprising an axial flow type propeller blade 2 (airfoil type b, c, d, e, f, g) at the blade tip portion. 4a).

  Further, the rotary shaft (5) is attached to a shaft hole provided at the center of the tornado generating propeller to prevent the tornado generating propeller from falling off, and the suction port (7) is directed downward to the center of the hub (4a). The air outlet (12) is provided at the blade tip.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an external power source type tornado generator, the configuration of which is inverted at the bottom of a case (8a) with a suspension device (9) with a universal joint and a power switch (10). The drive motor (6) is attached, and the hub (4b) is attached to the rotation shaft (5) of the drive motor (6) protruding from the bottom of the case (8a). Axial flow type propeller blades 2 (airfoil type f), centrifugal propeller blades 3 (airfoil types a, b, c, d), and axial flow type propeller blades 2 (airfoil types b, c, d, e, f, and g) are attached to the hub (4b).

  FIG. 4 shows a tornado generating propeller in which a duct-like blade (airfoil a, b, c, d, e,) provided at the blade tip is bent obliquely downward, and a metal, plastic, It is the figure which showed the state which inserted the hub (4c) made from talents, such as silicon rubbers, and the attachment state of an air flow deflector (13), and the attachment of the hub (4c) and the propeller for tornado generation is The rotation shaft of the drive motor is passed through the shaft hole formed in the hub (4c).

  Science teaching materials, meteorological research, displays, demonstrations of science museums and aquariums, etc.

  It is a side view of a tornado generator and an airflow principle.   It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a battery-type tornado generator.   It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an external power source type tornado generator.   It is a propeller and a hub longitudinal cross-sectional view for a tornado.   It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the tornado generating propeller and the hub.   It is an airfoil figure of the tornado generating propeller.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Tornado propeller 2 Axial-flow type propeller blade 3 Centrifugal propeller blade 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d Hub 5 Rotating shaft 6 Drive motor 7, 7a Suction port 8, 8a Case 9 Suspension tool 10 Power switch 11 Battery chamber 12 Air outlet 13 Air flow deflector 20 Rotating air flow 21 Swirling descending flow 22 Upflow 23 Tornado 24 Swirling ascending vortex

Claims (14)

A tornado generation method for generating a tornado by generating the swirl flow and the upward flow necessary for the generation of a tornado only by the ability of the propeller, and its characteristic mechanism is:
(A) The tornado generator has a mechanical configuration in which a tornado generating propeller is attached to the rotating shaft of an inverted drive motor, and the tornado generating propeller blade is provided with an axial propeller blade at the tip of a centrifugal propeller blade And
(B) When the tornado generating machine is suspended in the air and the tornado generating propeller is rotated, a rotating air flow that flows in the radial direction while being rotated by the centrifugal propeller blade is generated to the axial propeller blade. A dome-shaped swirling downward flow that is pushed downward and obliquely by the axial flow type propeller blades to open an umbrella,
(C) By forming the dome-shaped swirling downward flow, the centrifugal propeller blades having the property of sucking air from the vertical direction of the propeller rotation surface come to strongly suck air from below, A strong upward flow is generated by the suction, and this ensures an upward flow necessary for tornado generation.
(D) When one of the dome-shaped swirling downward flows reaches the floor surface, the descending component disappears due to the collision with the floor surface and turns into a swirling flow. The swirling flow swirling is pulled by the ascending flow to become a swirling rising vortex, reaching the centrifugal propeller blade and sucked, and the suction generates a tornado along the vortex center line of the swirling rising vortex.
A tornado generation method characterized by the above mechanism.   The blade of the tornado generating propeller has a structure of a combination of two types of a centrifugal propeller blade and an axial flow type propeller blade, and the tip portion of the blade is combined so as to be an axial flow type propeller blade. 1. A propeller for tornado generation according to 1.   The tornado generating propeller blade has a blade structure in which a centrifugal propeller blade and an axial flow type propeller blade are combined in this order from the blade root toward the blade tip. Propeller for generation.   The propeller blade for tornado generation has a blade structure in which an axial flow type propeller blade, a centrifugal type propeller blade, and an axial flow type propeller blade are combined in this order from the blade root toward the blade tip. The tornado generating propeller according to claim 1.   The centrifugal propeller blade and the axial flow type propeller blade are made to be duct-like blades so that air blows through the blades in the blade tip direction. Propeller for tornado generation.   6. The tornado generating propeller according to claim 1, wherein the tornado generating propeller is attached to a rotating shaft or a hub by tilting the blades of the tornado generating propeller downward within a range of 0 to 40 degrees.   The blades of the tornado generating propeller have a structure in which the axial flow type propeller blades at the tip of the blades are bent downward from the propeller rotation surface in a range of 0 degrees to 90 degrees. A propeller for generating a tornado according to 3, 4, 5, or 6.   The blade of the propeller for tornado generation uses a centrifugal propeller blade at the tip of the blade, and the blade structure is bent downward in the range of 0 to 90 degrees from the propeller rotation surface to give the centrifugal propeller blade an axial flow function The propeller for tornado generation according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.   The blade of the tornado generating propeller is provided with an air flow deflecting plate 13 for flowing air obliquely downward at a blow-off port provided at a tip portion of the blade. 6, 7, 8, tornado generating propeller.   The drive motor 6 is mounted upside down on the bottom of the case (8, 8a) provided with the hanging device 9 and the power switch 10, and the drive motor 6 protrudes through the bottom of the case (8, 8a). A hub (4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) is attached to the rotary shaft 5 of the motor, and a tornado generating propeller is attached to the hub (4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d). The number of the propeller blades for generating the tornado is two or more. The centrifugal propeller blade 3 (airfoil type a, b, c, d, e) and the axial flow type propeller blade 2 (airfoil type b, c) , D, e, f, g), a tornado generator characterized by a structure.   The propeller blades for tornado generation are centrifugal propeller blades 3 (airfoil types a, b, c, d, e) and axial flow type propeller blades 2 (airfoil types b, c, d, e, f, g). (Airfoil f, g) is a duct-like blade that allows air to flow inside the blade, and the hub (4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) or the centrifugal propeller blade 3 (airfoil a, b, The suction port (7, 7a) is provided in the vicinity of the blade root of c, d, e), and the air flowing in from the suction port (7, 7a) flows through the inside of the blade, and the axial flow type propeller blade 2 (airfoil b) 11. The artificial tornado generator according to claim 10, wherein the artificial tornado generator is configured to pass through the portions of the blade tip and blow out from the air outlet 12 of the blade tip.   The propeller blades for tornado generation consist of an axial-flow propeller blade 2 (f) from the root of the blade toward the blade tip, and a centrifugal propeller blade 3 (airfoil type a, b, c, d, e) It has a blade structure in which the axial flow type propeller blades 2 (airfoil types b, c, d, e, f, g) of duct-shaped blades are combined in this order at the blade tip, and is mounted using a hub (4b) The tornado generator according to claim 10.   A tornado generator that hangs a tornado generator on a movable crane and moves it back and forth, up and down, and left and right, so that the tornado moves on the stage of a miniature model that imitates nature, including artifacts.   The tornado generator can be hung on a crane, etc. so that it can be moved back and forth, up and down, left and right, the bottom of the aquarium is inclined so that the center is deepest, the water tank is filled with water, and the tornado generator or the tornado generator A disk is floated on the water surface on the tornado generator or on the water surface between the tornado generator and the tornado generating propeller so that only the propeller portion is submerged and air on the water surface does not flow into the rotating surface of the tornado generating propeller. An underwater tornado demonstration device characterized by preventing the inflow of air.

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