JP2007534455A - Apparatus and method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus is provided that can be used to produce chlorine dioxide. The apparatus comprises three or more fluid transfer devices, conduits (21, 22, 23) to the inlet of each fluid transfer device, conduits (31, 32, 33) to the outlet of each fluid transfer device, water inlet to the device (11) a single fluid metering device (20) with a water outlet (12) from the device, the fluid transfer device operating in proportion to the water flow through the device. Also provided are methods that can be used to produce chlorine dioxide. The method includes the steps of flowing water through a fluid metering device to create downstream water and activating the fluid transfer device; drawing three or more precursor chemicals from each separate source, each chemical separately Flowing through one of the fluid transfer devices; and injecting the precursor chemical into the downstream water.

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus, method and method for producing animal drinking water that can be used, for example, to produce halogen oxides such as chlorine dioxide.

  Halogen oxides are important industrial chemicals. For example, chlorine dioxide is a commercially important chemical for use as a bleach, disinfectant, oxidant, fumigant, disinfectant or sterilant and has traditionally been used in such applications. Alternatively, it can be used in place of hypochlorite products because chlorine dioxide produces less chlorinated organic compounds than chlorine when used to treat raw water containing organic compounds. is there. Chlorine dioxide is less corrosive to metals than chlorine. The production of chlorine dioxide is well known in the art. For example, US Patent Publication (Patent Document 1) discloses a number of methods for generating it. However, most of the disclosed methods have some drawbacks. Also, due to possible safety problems associated with it, the generation and use of chlorine dioxide solutions can be complex and require sophisticated equipment, thereby incurring unnecessary manufacturing costs. The development of new devices and methods for producing such halogen oxide compounds safely and efficiently can be a significant contribution to the art.

US Pat. No. 6,274,009 US Pat. No. 4,572,229 US Pat. No. 5,433,240 US Pat. No. 3,131,707 US Pat. No. 3,114,379 U.S. Pat. No. 3,213,873 US Pat. No. 3,213,796 US Pat. No. 3,291,066

  Chlorination was performed to disinfect raw water, but it was found that when chlorinating surface water, a trihalomethane such as chloroform, which has been reported to be carcinogenic, was produced. Many municipal waterworks exceeded the maximum trihalomethane concentration of 100 ppb set by the US Environmental Protection Agency and needed to be converted to alternative disinfection systems. Disinfected water can be used, for example, for drinking water for animals such as chickens, cattle, sheep, duck, rabbits, and other animals. The development of new methods for producing animal drinking water safely and efficiently is a significant contribution to the art.

  A fluid dispensing device comprising three or more fluid transfer devices, a conduit to the inlet of each fluid transfer device, a conduit to the outlet of each cylinder, a water inlet to the device, and a water outlet from the device An apparatus that can be used to produce a halogen oxide compound is provided.

  Provide a method that can be used to produce chemicals. The method introduces a water stream into the apparatus and produces downstream water therethrough; by using the water stream as a starting force to proportionally supply precursor chemicals at a rate relative to the water stream, three or more precursors are used. Supplying and passing a body chemical to the apparatus at a rate proportional to each other; and combining the precursor chemical with downstream water, thereby causing a chemical reaction between two or more of the precursor chemicals . The apparatus can be the same as disclosed above.

  Methods are provided that can be used to produce animal drinking water. The method comprises the steps of: (a) passing water through a fluid metering device comprising three or more fluid transfer devices to create downstream water and operating the fluid transfer device; (b) metal chlorite Drawing a metal hypochlorite salt and an acid from separate sources, each separately flowing through one of the fluid transfer devices; and (c) a metal chlorite salt, hypochlorous acid Combining the metal salt and acid with downstream water to produce water suitable for animal drinking.

  An apparatus is disclosed that can carry three or more precursor chemicals or compounds to a reaction medium (eg, water, etc.) and produce a product by reaction of two or more of these precursor chemicals. The apparatus may comprise a fluid metering device comprising a water inlet; a water outlet; a water-driven main drive assembly; and first, second, third, and optionally additional fluid transfer devices. The water inlet can be connected to a water source, and the fluid transfer device can comprise a transfer device inlet and a transfer device outlet, each connected to a conduit. The water source can enter the water-driven main drive assembly and create a flow of water therethrough, thereby creating downstream water through the water outlet. Each of the fluid transfer devices operates in proportion to the water flow, thereby withdrawing through the first, second, third, and optionally additional fluid transfer devices, and the precursor chemicals respectively through the flow rate of the water flow. Are independently drawn in a proportional amount, for example, precursor chemicals are released into the downstream water.

  The fluid metering device can comprise an inlet end connectable to a water source at an inlet conduit. The metering device also comprises an outlet end connectable to the outlet conduit. Water flows to the inlet, passes through the metering device, and exits from the outlet, thereby creating downstream water. The outlet end can be connected to downstream water by an outlet conduit.

  A water-driven main drive assembly is directly coupled to each of the fluid-fluid transfer devices, thus supplying a certain amount of chemical to the drive water stream.

  First, second, third, and any additional chemical inlet ports through which the precursor chemicals can be drawn and passed through individual conduits, each through a fluid transfer device . Through the fluid transfer device, the metering device comprises first, second, third and optionally additional chemical outlet ports through which the precursor chemicals pass, through these individual conduits and individually. It is drawn into the downstream water through the conduit. Individual conduits can enter the downstream water at one or more locations, preferably at more than one location or point.

  Each fluid transfer device also includes a metering piston.

  The metering device can also include a piston actuator for reciprocating each metering piston within the respective fluid transfer device. The actuator can have a working fluid inlet and a working fluid outlet. The working fluid inlet can be connected to a conduit downstream of the inlet end. The working fluid outlet can be connected to a conduit upstream of the precursor chemical inlet port therein. The actuator generally reciprocates each metering piston within the associated fluid transfer device in response to water flow through the conduit, whereby a respective amount of precursor chemical is drawn from its source, said amount Precursor chemicals (which can be made constant or adjustable with an actuator) are injected or introduced into the conduit through the chemical inlet port.

  Referring to FIG. 1, a flowchart of the apparatus is shown. Although the apparatus is illustrated herein with three fluid transfer devices, four or more can be used for various applications. Water passes through an inlet 11, through a valve 13 that controls the amount of water flow (a preferred valve is a pressure regulating valve), a pressure gauge 14, a flow meter 15 that measures the amount of water flow therethrough, and a metering device 20. And the water stream flows through it to the outlet 12. For example, precursor chemicals such as metal hypochlorite, metal chlorite, and inorganic acids are fed independently to lines or conduits 21, 22, and 23, as disclosed below. The fluid transfer device of metering device 20 can be reached through. The chemicals carried by the conduits 21, 22, and 23 independently flow out of the fluid transfer device of the device 20 and pass through the conduits or conduits 31, 32, and 33. Conduits 31, 32 and 33 enter conduit 36 independently. These conduits can be made from any suitable material such as, for example, plastics and corrosion resistant metals. For example, other chemicals (eg, halogen oxides), more fully disclosed below, carried by conduits 21, 22, and 23 through control valves such as check valves 41, 42, and 43 are produced. Useful precursor chemicals re-enter the conduit 36 and can be diluted by downstream water in the conduit 36. A reaction takes place where two or more precursor chemicals join to produce a halogenated oxide compound, which can form an aqueous solution. Alternatively, more than two precursor chemicals can be pre-reacted in the chamber or conduit before being injected or introduced into the downstream water conduit. For example, other means such as a solenoid, a regulated flow control valve, or a pressure regulating valve can be used in place of the valve 13 to control the water volume.

  The metering device 20 can be any suitable device disclosed above and can be a pump. A preferred pump is a metering pump such as that disclosed in US Patent Publication (Patent Document 2) or US Patent Publication (Patent Document 3). The specification makes an exception for use as a fluid transfer device. Each fluid transfer device can be the same as that disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,069,086 or US Pat. No. 4,099,400, except that a connecting rod is connected to the metering device used herein. With the exception of having an additional cylinder with The entire disclosures of these patents are incorporated herein by reference. Other devices that can be used include US Patent Publication (Patent Literature 4), US Patent Publication (Patent Literature 5), US Patent Publication (Patent Literature 6), US Patent Publication (Patent Literature 7), and US Patent Publication ( The thing currently disclosed by patent document 8) is mentioned.

  The drive water flowing through the device can be allowed to vary within the hydraulic limit of the device, in which case the chemicals transferred through each fluid transfer device can be automatically quantified, whereby the reaction Individual precursor chemicals can be delivered at a consistent concentration to produce a desired chemical, such as a halogenated oxide, at a consistent concentration in the driving water flow range. That is, the concentration ratio of the precursor chemical substance can be kept constant.

  FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of an apparatus in which incoming water (driving water) flows through a local pressure gauge 54 and a flow indicator 55. Water flows into metering pump 60 under pressure. The metering device illustrated herein is a metering pump, such as that shown at reference numeral 60, and is commercially available from Crown Technology Corporation, Boise, Idaho. The term “metered” pump refers to a pump that proportionally mixes fluids in an automated self-powered device. Internal, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,776, and 6,037,086, used to actuate three individual pistons in a pump (fluid transfer device or pump cylinder) When water is used to drive the main piston assembly, the water can be considered “drive” water. After the fluid transfer device or cylinder piston operates back and forth, the individual precursor compounds are drawn from conduits 61, 62 and 63 and then delivered from the pump cylinder chamber each time the piston cycle is completed. The volume of each pump cylinder chamber can be constant, but can be adjusted using an external chemical supply adjustment dial (reference numbers 64, 65, and 66). The water flow changes through the pump drive assembly and the frequency of piston operation remains proportional to the water flow. This maintains a proportional state, with each precursor chemical being fed in proportion to various flow rates, thus providing a constant chemical concentration at the water outlet. The safety effect in the operating mode is that when the water flow to the pump is stopped, the injection or introduction of precursor chemicals is also stopped.

When the driving water flows out of the pump, it passes through in-line check valves (reference numbers 81, 82 and 83). Following this check valve are three individual chemical injection points. Optionally, these three precursor chemicals can be injected or introduced simultaneously at one injection point. As each pump cycle is completed, a certain amount of chemical flowing out of the fluid transfer device can be injected or introduced at each of these points (under the pressure provided by the moving part of the piston cycle) or at the same point. it can. After injecting or introducing these precursor chemicals, they can be immediately diluted with driving water that has passed through a metering device or metering pump. After two or more precursor chemicals are injected or introduced, they join together and react in the stream to form the desired product, for example, a dilute solution of chlorine dioxide (ClO ₂ ) as disclosed below. .

  Alternatively, a portion of the water can be diverted to the bypass conduit 35 or 75. Valves 34 and 74 can be used to control the amount of water passing through conduit 36 or 76, which flows out of metering device 20 or 60 and leads to conduits 31, 32 and 33 (71, 72 and 73 in FIG. 2). ) 41, 42 and 43 (81, 82 and 83 in FIG. 2) are used to dilute the precursor compounds flowing into the water stream. Water diverted through conduit 35 or 75 re-enters conduit 36 or 76 downstream. Further, there is a method of reacting a precursor chemical substance having a high concentration. For example, rather than simply injecting or introducing the precursor chemical into the driving water stream (downstream of the pump), the precursor chemical can be pre-reacted in a small chamber just prior to further dilution with the driving water.

  The present invention also discloses methods that can be used to produce halogen oxide compounds. As used herein, halogen oxide compounds refer to chemical compounds that contain at least one halogen and one oxygen in the molecule. Examples of suitable halogen oxide compounds include, but are not limited to, chlorine dioxide, bromine dioxide, hypochlorous acid, hypobromite, hypochlorite, hypobromite, chlorous acid, acidification Examples include sodium chlorite, and combinations of two or more thereof.

  The method includes introducing a stream of water into the apparatus disclosed above and producing downstream water therethrough; feeding three or more precursor chemicals to the apparatus at a rate proportional to each other and passing it through; , Combining the precursor chemical with downstream water, wherein the precursor stream is supplied to the device at a rate relative to the stream of water, and the stream of water is used as an activation force through it, whereby two or more of the precursor chemicals A step in which a chemical reaction takes place can be included.

  The method also includes (a) passing water through a fluid metering device, which can be as disclosed above, creating downstream water and activating the fluid transfer device; (b) Drawing three or more precursor compounds each from a separate source and flowing each precursor compound separately through one of the fluid transfer devices; and (c) injecting or introducing the precursor compound into downstream water And a process whereby a chemical reaction occurs between two or more of the precursor chemicals.

  Any precursor chemical known to those skilled in the art can be used. For example, suitable precursor compounds that produce chlorine dioxide are well known in the art. Illustrative examples include metal chlorites that can be contacted with acid to produce chlorine dioxide. Further, for example, chlorine dioxide can be produced by bringing (1) metal chlorite and (2) metal hypochlorite into contact with (3) acid. The metal chlorite can be an alkali metal chlorite, an alkali metal chlorite, or a combination thereof. Examples of metal chlorites include sodium chlorite, potassium chlorite, or combinations thereof. Similarly, the hypochlorous acid metal salt can be an alkali metal hypochlorite, an alkali metal hypochlorite, or a combination thereof. Examples of metal hypochlorites include sodium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite, or combinations thereof. Any acid can be used. Examples of such acids can be sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, or combinations thereof. The molar ratio of metal chlorite to acid can range from about 0.001: 1 to about 100: 1, or from about 0.001: 1 to about 10: 1. The molar ratio of metal chlorate salt to acid can also range from about 0.001: 1 to about 100: 1, or from about 0.001: 1 to about 10: 1.

  Suitable precursor compounds can also include chlorate metal salts, oxidants, and acids. For example, chlorine dioxide can be produced by contacting (1) a metal salt of chlorate and (2) an oxidizing agent with (3) an acid. The chlorate metal salt can be an alkali metal chlorate, an alkali metal chlorate, or a combination thereof. Examples of metal chlorate salts include sodium chlorate, potassium chlorate, or combinations thereof. Any oxidizing agent such as an inorganic oxidizing agent, an organic oxidizing agent, or a combination thereof can be used. Examples of oxidizing agents include hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, nitrogen oxides, sodium peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, m-chlorobenzoic acid, m-bromobenzoic acid, p-chlorobenzoic acid, or combinations thereof. It is done. Any acid disclosed above can be used. The molar ratio of metal chlorate to acid can range from about 0.001: 1 to about 10: 1 and the molar ratio of oxidant to acid is also about 0.001: It can range from 1 to about 10: 1.

  Other precursor compounds for producing halogen oxide compounds include, but are not limited to, sodium bromide and sodium hypochlorite, chlorine, organic acids, and inorganic acids.

  For example, the precursor compounds can be combined by mixing with a mechanical mixer or a static mixer. Production can be carried out under any suitable conditions. It is preferred to use the apparatus disclosed above.

  Chemical products such as chlorine dioxide in water can be transferred to storage tanks or to end uses (eg, wastewater treatment at municipal water treatment plants or sewage treatment plants). If necessary, a colorimeter can be used to monitor the chlorine dioxide concentration. The solution can also be monitored with a pH meter, so the pH can be adjusted to about 2.0-10 by any means known to those skilled in the art. Alternative monitoring means include ORP (redox potential), residue monitor, and spectrophotometer.

  The method is preferably carried out with a turndown ratio of at least about 40: 1, preferably at least about 20: 1, and more preferably at least 10: 1. The term “turndown” is defined as the ratio of the maximum production rate and the minimum production rate of a halogenated oxide (such as chlorine dioxide) that can be achieved in the apparatus.

A method for producing ClO ₂ -containing water is also disclosed. The method includes flowing water to produce downstream water; and supplying the downstream water with three or more precursor chemicals at a rate relative to the water flow and at a rate proportional to each other, thereby providing ClO ₂ -containing water. Including the manufacturing process, the running water provides the starting force to proportionally supply the precursor chemical to the downstream water.

It can then be guided to the point of applying a dilute solution of ClO _2. Exemplary applications include, but are not limited to, food contact hygiene, dairy sweet water systems, dairy treated water disinfection (cooling water, heated water, drinking), dairy sterilizers, dairy CIP (cleaning in place) system, hard surface for dairy industry, sanitary / disinfection, fermenter processing aid for dairy industry, treatment water disinfection (immersion chiller and rapid air cooling chiller, hot water disinfector), poultry treatment CIP hygiene / disinfection, hard surface hygiene / disinfection of poultry processing plants, sterilization of slaughterhouse water (cooling water, heated water, immersion chiller, rapid air cooling chiller, salt water shower chiller), meat processing carcass washing, meat CIP sanitation / disinfection, hard surface sanitation / disinfection of slaughterhouses, disinfection of processed water in fruit and vegetable processing plants (cooling water, heating water, cold water cooling treatment, washing with vegetable water, brine) Fruit and vegetable processor CIP system, hard surface hygiene / disinfection of fruit and vegetable processing plant, fruit and vegetable storage treatment (pre-storage treatment, humidification system treatment), mushroom treatment hygiene / disinfection, brewery / beverage plant treated water Disinfection (cooling water, heated water, drinking water), brewery / beverage factory CIP system, brewery / beverage factory hard surface hygiene / disinfection, pet-bone treatment / disinfection, animal drinking water disinfection, Spraying and spraying pigs, poultry, cattle, kennels, grow out bins, aquaculture treatment, biofilm removal, wastewater treatment, emulsion, chemical degradation (but not limited to: phenols, nitric oxide ( no _x), sulfur oxide _(SO x), and cyanides), oil well treatment, water storage systems, adhesives, paper and paper reproduction (white water consumption , Slime control, pulp bleaching and fluorescence removal), cooling towers, treated water disinfection (raw water, cooling water, heated water, relatively low BOD gray water), air washer, heating and ventilation system, odor Control, molluscicide, water filtration system treatment (biofilm removal / disinfection), hospital, clinic, dental clinic, nursing home, laboratory, corpse storage, salon, home water treatment, recreational water disinfection (drinking, storage) , Seawater treatment (stored drinking, relatively high BOD black water, relatively low BOD wastewater, storage tank disinfection, biofilm removal), ship hard surface sanitation, aviation water treatment (storage drinking, tank disinfection) Biofilm removal), commercial water filtration system treatment (biofilm removal / disinfection), or combinations thereof Can.

  And (a) flowing water through a fluid metering device comprising three or more fluid transfer devices to create downstream water and operating the fluid transfer device; (b) metal chlorite, Drawing a chlorite metal salt and an acid each from a separate source and separately passing them through one of the fluid transfer devices; and (c) a metal chlorite salt, a metal hypochlorite salt, There is also provided a method of producing animal drinking water, comprising the step of combining an acid with downstream water to produce water suitable for animal drinking. The fluid metering device, metal chlorite, metal hypochlorite, acid, and method of using the device can be the same as those disclosed above.

  The following examples are set forth to illustrate the present invention, but they should not be construed to unduly limit the scope of the present invention.

  Drinking water was fed to the device through a filter to remove particles. A pressurized pump was used to generate a test pressure higher than the available drinking water line pressure. Using a device with a metering hydraulic pump with three heads as shown in FIG. 2, except that the injection points 81 and 82 are relatively close and a static mixer was placed between reference numbers 82 and 83, Precursor chemicals (precursor chemicals described below) were delivered and injected. The flow ratio of precursor chemicals to each other and to the starting water stream was manipulated by adjusting the stroke length of each of the three chemical metering cylinders of the pump.

  Samples were withdrawn through a sampling valve described below and analyzed as described below. In some tests, the configuration of the device was changed as detailed below.

(Precursor chemical)
Chlorine dioxide was generated from the following precursor chemicals: (1) Sodium chlorite solution (25% (w / w); IDI, North Kingstown, RI, USA), North Kingstown, Rhode Island, USA (2) Sodium hypochlorite solution (10.5% (w / w); purchased from Cranston, Rhode Island, RJ Pool (RJ Pool, Cranston, RI, USA); 12.4% (W / w) Iodometric titration with sodium hypochlorite); and (3) Hydrochloric acid solution (31.45% (w / w); Mancini Hardware, North Kingstown, Rhode Island, USA Hardware, North Kingstown, RI, USA)).

(Sample collection and analysis)
Samples (250 ml each) were withdrawn through a sampling valve and placed in a brown Nalgene® sample bottle. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environmental Association, DC, Public Office. DC, DC in has been created and published, "water and standard methods for the testing of waste water," 20th Edition, 1998 (standard method for the Examination of water and wastewater, 20 th ed., 1998), method _4500-ClO 2 E Sampling and analysis were performed as described in. The chlorine dioxide concentration of the sample was determined using a Hach® (Loveland, Colorado, USA) DR / 2000 direct reading spectrophotometer. Samples were diluted with 4 parts deionized water unless otherwise stated. This test was performed at a wavelength of 445 nm according to Hach's® DR / 2000 method 75.

  The pH of the samples was determined using an Orion® (Beverly, Mass., USA) combination pH probe and pH meter.

  Chlorine dioxide was removed from the sample by degassing with sparged air for a minimum of 15 minutes.

  Dionex® (Sunnyvale, Calif.) DX-120 ion chromatograph (Ion Chromatograph) was used to determine the chlorite and chlorate ions of the degassed samples. . A Dionex (R) AS40 autosampler was used. All samples were analyzed in duplicate. A Dionex® AS9SC column and ASRS suppressor were used with 7-8 mM bicarbonate eluent at a flow rate of 2 ml / min. This method was consistent with the EPA method 300.

(Calculation)
The efficiency% was calculated as follows:

In the formula, [ClO ₂ ] = chlorine dioxide concentration (mg / l) and [ClO ₂ ⁻ ] = chlorite ion concentration (mg / l). [ClO ₂ ] + [ClO ₂ ⁻ ] is determined by method AM-100-07revA or [ClO ₂ ] is determined by DR / 2000 spectrophotometer method 75 and [ClO ₂ ⁻ ] is determined by ion chromatography. Determined by graphy.

  EPA Guidance Manual: Alternative Disinfectants and Oxidizers, EPA, April 1999, pages 4-3 (EPA Guidance Manual: Alternative Disabilities and Oxidants, EPA, April 1999, page 4-3), The yield was calculated as follows:

In the formula, [ClO ₃ ⁻ ] = chlorate ion concentration (mg / l), and (67.45 / 8.45) = molecular weight ratio between ClO ₂ ^— and ClO ₃ ^— .

  EPA Guidance Manual: Alternative Disinfectants and Oxidants, EPA, April 1999, pages 4-4 (EPA Guidance Manual: Alternative Disabilities and Oxidants, EPA, April 1999, pp. 4-4). The purity was calculated as follows:

  In the formula, [FAC] = concentration of free chlorine (mg / l) available as chlorine.

Example 1
This example illustrates that the present invention provides high efficiency, high yield, and high purity with low excess chlorine.

Sodium chlorite was fed at 85% of maximum speed, sodium hypochlorite was fed at 100% of maximum speed, and hydrochloric acid was fed at 40% of maximum speed, resulting in 8 samples. The chlorine dioxide solution flow rate was changed by adjusting the starting water inlet pressure. Two samples were taken at 1.5 US gallons per minute (GPM), 4 at 3.0 GPM and 2 at 6.0 GPM. This chlorine dioxide production rate, 35～142PPD (pounds per day) showing the ClO _2.

  EPA Guidance Manual: Alternative Disinfectants and Oxidants, EPA, April 1999, pages 4-3 (EPA Guidance Manual: Alternative Disabilities and Oxidants, EPA, April 1999, pp. 4-3). When excess chlorine was measured, it was less than 0.1%. This represents a very low excess chlorine concentration.

  The chlorine dioxide concentration was measured as 1940-2010 mg / l, average 1974 mg / l. The chlorite ion concentration was measured as 1.0 mg / l to 6.1 mg / l, with an average of 3.3 mg / l. The chlorate ion concentration was measured to be 118 mg / l to 145 mg / l, with an average of 132 mg / l.

  Efficiency measured by spectrophotometry and ion chromatography ranged from 99.7% to 99.9% with an average of 99.8%.

  Yields measured by spectrophotometry and ion chromatography ranged from 94.2% to 95.3% with an average of 94.7%.

  The purity as measured by spectrophotometry and ion chromatography ranged from 93.0% to 94.3%, with an average of 93.6%.

(Example 2)
This example shows the effect of reducing the flow rate of the chlorine dioxide solution.

  The apparatus was operated as in Example 1, but the chlorine dioxide solution flow rate was reduced to 0.75 to 0.30 GPM to demonstrate further turndown. Yields of 93.9% and 93.8% were obtained at 0.75 GPM. At 0.3 GPM, 89.4% and 87.8% were obtained.

(Example 3)
This example illustrates that the chlorate ions in the chlorine dioxide solution are due in part to the presence of chlorate ions as impurities in the precursor sodium hypochlorite solution. To do.

  The apparatus was operated as in Example 1, but drinking water was used instead of sodium chlorite and hydrochloric acid feed. The chlorate ion in the sample was measured to average 76 mg / l. This indicates that a portion of the chlorate measured in Example 1 is formed as a byproduct of chlorine dioxide generation, which is an impurity in the sodium hypochlorite feed. When this background chlorate ion was compensated and the yield was recalculated, the yield was 97.1% to 98.3% in Example 1, and the average was 98.7%.

Example 4
This example demonstrates the effect of changing the hydrochloric acid feed rate.

  The apparatus was operated with sodium chlorite fed at 88% of maximum rate, sodium hypochlorite fed at 100% of maximum feed rate, and hydrochloric acid at 30% to 50% of maximum rate. The chlorine dioxide solution flow rate was maintained at 3.0 GPM.

(Example 5)
This example demonstrates that separating the hypochlorite / hypochlorous acid and chlorite injection points improves the yield.

  For the two samples, the apparatus has injection points 81, 82, and 83 that are relatively closer than shown in FIG. 2, with a static mixer downstream of 83, and hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid injection points. 2 was the same as that shown in FIG. 2 except that chlorite was injected immediately downstream. The yields obtained were 91.2% and 91.3%, and the average yield of Example 1 in which the residence time was between the hypochlorite / hypochlorous acid and chlorite injection points. About 3.5% lower than the rate.

(Example 6)
This example shows that the use of a static mixer improves the yield.

  For the four samples, the apparatus was the same as that disclosed in Examples 1-4 except that instead of a static mixer, a schedule 80 tube known to those skilled in the art was used. The yield obtained was 93.7% to about 94.0%, with an average of 93.8%. This average is 0.9% lower than the average yield of Example 1, demonstrating that the static mixer improves the yield.

(Example 7)
Illustrates the use of a static mixer between hypochlorite / hypochlorous acid and chlorite injection points.

  For six samples, the apparatus was the same as that used in Example 6. The yield obtained was 93.0% to 95.9%, average 94.1%. This average is 0.6% lower than the average yield of Example 1, and it was demonstrated that the static mixer between the injection points improves the yield. Moreover, the yield was higher than Example 6, and it was demonstrated that the yield was improved by a static mixer after the chlorite injection point.

(Example 8)
This example shows the effect of ClO ₂ concentration turndown.

  For these samples, the apparatus was the same as that used in Example 6. The ratio of precursors to each other remained constant, but the ratio to the starting water flow was reduced.

  Combine the turndown ratio demonstrated in Example 1 by adjusting the flow rate of the chlorine dioxide solution with this example demonstrating turndown at a chlorine dioxide production rate of at least 40: 1.

Example 9
This example illustrates the use of the solution produced in the present invention for drinking water for chickens.

  Broiler chickens raised in a commercial chicken farm in the northeastern Texas, USA were used for the study. A typical poultry farm consisted of about 10-12 poultry houses, each having about 15,000 chickens. All broilers used for operation (test and control flocks) were derived from the same genetic material. Chickens were given water at a rate of about 2 gallons per minute (7.57 liters). All water lines are about 1/8 inch (0.32 cm) in diameter and are given enough Biocentry Aqua Max (registered trademark) according to the manufacturer's instructions to feed the chicken. ) Washed with wash solution. In control operation, chickens were given normal tap water. In the experimental run, water was passed through the device disclosed above before entering the poultry house. Sodium chlorite, sodium hypochlorite, and phosphoric acid were each drawn from the inlet of the apparatus. Sodium chlorite and sodium hypochlorite were used to disinfect the water line, and phosphoric acid was used to adjust the pH to a range of about 4 to about 6. The amount of each chemical required is that the pH of water is higher than the pH disclosed above, or about 3-10 ppm (by weight) of free chlorine in water, or generated in-situ in water. An amount to maintain chlorine dioxide at about 0.5 to about 0.8 ppm, or an amount to control biofilm formation in the water pipe or conduit. All chickens were fed the same commercial food, typically for 50 days. Thereafter, the lethality of chickens fed with water and tap water generated in the present invention was determined. Survival at the end of the growth cycle was 96.69% in the test group compared to 94.58% in the control group. Furthermore, the feed requirement was 1.89 for the test group compared to 1.93 for the control group. A lower feed requirement means less food is needed to achieve the same chicken weight. These results demonstrate that the drinking water produced according to the present invention not only increased chicken survival, but also improved feed requirements.

It is a flowchart of an apparatus. It is a front side view of an apparatus.

  Through the fluid transfer device, the metering device comprises first, second, third, and any additional chemical inlet ports through which the precursor chemicals are drawn into the respective fluid transfer devices by individual conduits. And can pass through it. Through the fluid transfer device, the metering device comprises first, second, third and optionally additional chemical outlet ports through which the precursor chemicals pass, through these individual conduits and individually. It is drawn into the downstream water through the conduit. Individual conduits can enter the downstream water at one or more locations, preferably at more than one location or point.

Claims (9)

An apparatus comprising: a water inlet; a water outlet; a water-driven main drive assembly; and a fluid metering device comprising a first, second, third, and optionally additional fluid transfer device,
The water inlet is connectable to a water source; the fluid transfer device comprises a transfer device inlet and a transfer device outlet, each connectable to a conduit;
The water source can enter the water-driven main drive assembly and create a flow of water therethrough, thereby creating downstream water through the water outlet;
The metering device comprises a piston actuator comprising a working fluid inlet and a working fluid outlet; each of the fluid transfer devices comprises an inlet port, an outlet port, and a metering piston therein, the actuator being the fluid transfer device Reciprocating the metering piston within,
Each fluid transfer device is actuated proportionally by the water flow, and the apparatus comprises a single metering device.   (A) causing water to flow through the fluid metering device according to claim 1 to create the downstream water and actuating the fluid transfer device; (b) three or more kinds of precursor chemicals each separately And drawing the chemicals separately into one of the fluid transfer devices; and (c) mixing the precursor chemicals into the downstream water to form a halogenated oxide solution. The halogen oxide solution is preferably a chlorine dioxide solution, acidified chlorite, chlorous acid, or a combination thereof, and more preferably a chlorine dioxide solution. Feature method.   Preferably, a food processing facility and said halogenated oxide solution comprising food contact, dairy processing, poultry processing, poultry processing, fruit and vegetable processing, brewing or beverage processing, or combinations thereof 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of contacting.   (1) Oil well and equipment therefor, equipment used therewith, or equipment therefor; (2) papermaking equipment; (3) water used in cooling towers; (4) suitable for human consumption (5) drainage; (6) air wash; (7) chemical decomposition; or (8) contacting with a combination of two or more of these: water treated to form fresh drinking water; The method of claim 2, wherein the method is characterized in that:   The water flow is adjusted automatically by adjusting the rate of the halogen oxide solution or chlorine dioxide solution produced using a regulating control valve or variable pressure pump, or regulated by an external control signal The method according to claim 2, 3 or 4.   The precursor chemical is (1) a bromide metal salt, a hypochlorous acid metal salt, or an oxidizing agent, and an acid; or (2) a metal salt of chlorite, or a metal salt of chlorate, a metal salt of hypochlorite. Or an oxidizing agent and an acid; or (3) an alkali metal chlorite, an alkali metal chlorite, or both; an alkali metal hypochlorite, an alkali metal hypochlorite, or this 6. The method according to claim 2, 3, 4 or 5, comprising: both; and acid; or (4) any combination of two or more of (1), (2) and (3). the method of. The precursor chemical is
(1) the alkali metal chlorate, the alkali metal chlorate, or a combination thereof; (2) an inorganic oxidant, an organic oxidant, or a combination thereof; and (3) an acid; or (1) chlorous acid Sodium, potassium chlorite, or both; (2) sodium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite, or both; and (3) sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, or other inorganic acids, or Or (1) sodium chlorate, potassium chlorate, or combinations thereof; (2) hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, nitrogen oxides, sodium peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, m-chlorobenzoic acid. Acid, m-bromobenzoic acid, p-chlorobenzoic acid, or combinations thereof; and (3) sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, or combinations thereof;
The method of claim 6, comprising: A step of producing downstream water by flowing water into and through the metering device according to claim 1; and three or more precursor chemicals in the downstream water at a rate relative to the water flow and at a rate proportional to each other. in supply, thereby comprising the step of ClO ₂ containing water is produced, the flow is characterized by providing a proportionally supplying impetus the precursor chemicals to the downstream water, A method for producing ClO ₂ -containing water. Flowing water through the fluid metering device to produce downstream water, and sodium chlorite, sodium hypochlorite, and phosphoric acid in the downstream water at a rate relative to the water stream and a rate proportional to each other, respectively. Wherein the metering device is the same as described in claim 1, wherein the flow of water provides a starting force for proportionally supplying the chemical to the downstream water, A method for producing animal drinking water, such as chicken drinking water, characterized in that the pH of the drinking water is preferably from about 4 to about 6.

Images