JP2007524401A - Lawn growing surface and its usage - Google Patents

Abstract

  The present invention relates to a turf composed of a combination of a surface layer and lawn, and the surface layer is a mixture containing elastomer particles, a binder emulsion, inorganic aggregates, fillers, and sustained-release phytonutrient particles. And suitable for growing lawn without soil, and the combination of surface and lawn meets the specific requirements sought in the application selected from multiple lawn surface applications It is configured as having a selective composition.

Description

  The present invention relates to a support surface covered with lawn, and more particularly, but not exclusively, appears to be applicable as a medium for organic materials such as, for example, plants and grasses. It is about the surface layer. The present invention can be adapted and used in a variety of existing ground structures in a variety of ways.

  The lawn surface is preferred. In fact, the lawn surface is essential in a wide range of human activities and environments in many situations. Naturally, many sports are performed on the lawn. Because many sports have a wide variety of different characteristics, the demands on the surface are different in different sports. That is, for example, the characteristics of the required lawn surface are greatly different between a tennis game and a horse race.

  In many sports applications, there are specific surface areas that will be subject to a great deal of wear and wear, and how to maintain such areas in good condition and make them totally satisfactory This is an important issue. For example, a golf course bunker, a tee shot area, or a green peripheral edge can be exemplified. In particular, around some bunker and tee shot areas, the ground is extremely steep, which makes it susceptible to erosion and damage. Many other examples of intense wear within the category of sports are, for example, near the goal of a football field or around a sideline, in the peripheral area of a cricket field, and in the service of a tennis court. Around the line. Further examples can be found in the swimming pool connected to the lawn, and also where pedestrian traffic is high and even where the car is bad.

  The main characteristic that differs between different sports requirements is the elasticity of the surface of the competition surface. In other words, the requirement for tennis lawn courts is virtually zero elasticity, while the requirement for raceways and football fields is the opposite in terms of elasticity. In raceways and football fields, great elasticity is required to prevent physical damage to horses and players. However, even on raceways and football fields, the optimal elasticity is different from each other.

  It is very difficult to optimally control the lawn surface elasticity based on soil.

  Another problem with soil-based lawn surfaces is that it takes a considerable amount of time to recover from structural damage after heavy rainfall. As demand for the degree of use as a sporting venue increases, the challenge of recovery from wear and rain is in terms of the economic viability of the venue and the management of the schedule required as the date of the sporting event. In, it becomes important.

  At major sports venues, the television will show the game to millions of viewers in addition to the participating audience. The competition surface itself is a valuable area for advertising display. One way to display such a pattern with common use is to paint the lawn surface. However, maintenance of the paint area is difficult and it is difficult to clean and restore when advertisements are no longer desired.

  As population density increases in urban life, outdoor areas such as rooftops, terraces and other construction areas become increasingly important as lawn gardens as a preferred surface. Since soil-based lawns have the problem of frequent water immersion, they are difficult to maintain in such areas, leading to root rot and poor appearance.

A surface layer suitable for growing a lawn surface as described in Patent Document 1 by the present inventor provides a foundation of a product that can solve some of the various problems described above. Further improvements on such surface layers, control of mechanical properties, and further applications are disclosed herein.
International Patent Application PCT / AU00 / 01295

  Accordingly, the present invention provides a turf composed of a combination of a surface layer and a lawn from a broad viewpoint, and the surface layer is suitable for the growth of lawn in the absence of soil. And the combination of surface and lawn is configured as a selective composition so that it can meet the specific requirements sought in an application selected from a plurality of lawn surface applications.

  Preferably, the surface layer is formed from a mixture, the mixture comprising elastomer particles, suitable combined emulsions, inorganic agglomerates, fillers, sustained release phytonutrients, each component mixed together in sufficient proportions. Particles, so that when placed and cured, the mixture forms a water permeable and elastic surface layer, the surface layer having a plurality of bubbles, these It is said that the root structure of turf lawn can penetrate through the bubbles.

  Preferably, the elastomer particles comprise particles of recycled automobile tire rubber.

  Preferably, the elastomer particles comprise particles made of new rubber.

  Preferably, the elastomer particles include particles made of recycled rubber and particles made of new rubber.

  Preferably, the combined emulsion comprises a bitumen emulsion.

  Preferably, the bitumen emulsion is a modified polymer.

  Preferably, the inorganic agglomerates are one or more selected from a series of granular agglomerates, the series of agglomerates comprising basalt, sand, and crusher dust. .

  Preferably, the filler is one or more selected from a series of granular fillers, and the series of fillers includes cement dust and fly ash.

  Preferably, the component further comprises a chemical retarder that can slow down the flocculent aggregation and bonding process, both processes acting to coat the particulate component with a bitumen emulsion. .

  Preferably, the elasticity of the surface layer is a function of the content ratio of the elastomer particles in the surface layer, and as the content ratio of the elastomer particles increases, the elasticity of the surface layer increases accordingly.

  Preferably, the elasticity of the surface layer is a function of the average mesh size of the elastomer particles.

  Preferably, the water permeability of the surface layer is a function of the content ratio of the elastomer particles and a function of the average mesh size of the elastomer particles.

  Preferably, the elasticity and water permeability of the surface layer is a function of the thickness of the surface layer.

  Preferably, the lawn surface application comprises a competition surface for various sports activities.

  Preferably, the competition surface comprises a lawn surface suitable for playing tennis.

  Preferably, the competition surface comprises a lawn surface suitable for a series of sports characterized by the term football.

  Preferably, the competition surface comprises a lawn surface suitable for golf games.

  Preferably, the competition surface comprises a lawn surface suitable for running a racehorse.

  Preferably, the turf is suitable for application to heavily worn areas around the golf course bunker.

  Preferably, the turf is suitable for minimizing erosion in the water channel.

  Preferably, the turf is suitable for stabilizing a steep dike.

  Preferably, the lawn surface application comprises a non-porous surface coating.

  Preferably, the elasticity of the surface layer is suitable for a specific performance characteristic in one sport activity of a plurality of sport activities.

In another broad aspect, the present invention provides a method for forming a surface layer suitable for growing lawn without soil so that turf can be formed. In this method,
(A) In a suitable mechanical mixing device, mix each component consisting of particulate elastomer, inorganic aggregates, filler, and sustained release phytonutrient particles, thereby forming a uniform mixture;
(B) The mechanical mixing device is charged with a suitable combined emulsion that can chemically interact with the uniform mixture, thereby forming a uniform slurry.

  Preferably, the granular elastomer comprises particles made of new rubber.

  Preferably, the particulate elastomer comprises particles of recycled automobile tire rubber.

  Preferably, the granular elastomer is a mixture of particles made of recycled rubber and particles made of new rubber.

  Preferably, the combined emulsion comprises a polymer modified with a bitumen emulsion.

  Preferably, the inorganic agglomerates are one or more selected from a series of granular agglomerates, the agglomerates comprising basalt, sand and crusher dust It is said.

  Preferably, the filler is one or more selected from a series of granular fillers, and the series of fillers includes cement dust and fly ash.

  Preferably, the ingredients are further equipped with chemical retarders that can slow down the flocculent aggregation and bonding processes, both processes acting to coat the particulate ingredients with the bitumen emulsion. To do.

  Preferably, the slurry is extruded from the mixing device as a continuous, stripped surface onto the application surface, thereby forming a layer with uniform water permeability and elasticity when cured.

  Preferably, the slurry is extruded from the mixing device onto the curing surface as a continuous strip of the surface layer, thereby forming a layer with uniform water permeability and elasticity. The thickness is such that the layer can be wound longitudinally to form a roll for transport to the application surface.

  Preferably, the slurry is extruded sequentially from the mixing device onto a plurality of curing trays, thereby forming a tray supporting the surface layer, the tray supporting the surface layer reaching the application surface. It is considered suitable for transportation.

  In yet another broad aspect, the present invention provides a method for growing lawn on a surface layer in the above-described method so that turf can be formed. On the other hand, the seeds of the lawn selected to be suitable for a given lawn surface application are sowed.

  In yet another broad aspect, the present invention provides a method for growing lawn on a surface layer in the above-described method so that turf can be formed. And then seeding the surface with a lawn seed of a type selected to be suitable for a given lawn surface application.

  In yet another broad aspect, the present invention provides a method for growing grass on the surface in the above-described method so that turf can be formed, in which method The plurality of twigs made of the lawn seeds are inserted into the upper surface of the uncured surface layer, thereby forming a lawn surface with the grass roots penetrating the surface layer.

  In yet another broad aspect, the present invention provides a method for growing lawn on a surface in the above-described manner so that turf can be formed. The grass mat that has been grown and made substantially soil free by washing is placed on the hardened surface, thereby forming a grass surface with the grass mat roots penetrating the surface.

  In yet another broad aspect, the present invention provides a method for growing lawn on a surface in the above-described manner so that turf can be formed. The lawn mat, which has been grown and made substantially soil free by washing, is pressed onto the uncured surface, thereby forming a lawn surface with the roots of the lawn mat penetrating the surface. .

In yet another broad aspect, the present invention provides a method for applying turf to an application surface in the above-described method, wherein:
(A) Extruding the slurry from the mixing device directly onto the application surface as a strip, thereby forming a surface layer with uniform elasticity and water permeability after curing,
(B) In promoting the growth of lawn on the surface layer,
(I) a method of sowing a selected type of lawn seed on the surface layer;
(Ii) a plurality of twigs made of the selected lawn species are inserted into the top surface of the partially cured surface layer;
(Iii) a lawn mat that has been pre-grown and made substantially soil-free by washing is placed on a hardened surface layer;
This is done by either method.

In yet another broad aspect, the present invention provides a method for applying turf to an application surface in the above-described method, wherein:
(A) the slurry is extruded as a strip from the mixing device onto the curing surface, thereby forming a surface layer;
(B) promote the growth of grass on the surface, thereby forming a turf strip;
(C) winding the strip into a roll suitable for transport to the application surface;
(D) Lay the strip on the application surface.

In yet another broad aspect, the present invention provides a method for applying turf to an application surface in the above-described method, wherein:
(A) Extruding the slurry onto a curing tray, thereby forming a tray that supports the surface layer;
(B) On the surface, promote the growth of the grass of the selected variety, thereby forming a turf tray,
(C) when requested, transport the tray to the application surface;
(D) Laying the tray on the application surface so as to form an array.

In yet another broad aspect, the present invention provides a method for forming a surface of a sports stadium, wherein:
(A) providing a subsurface portion having desired specification flatness and having desired specification drainage and recovery capabilities;
(B) determine the areas for periodic replacement for possible severe wear;
(C) as a method for applying turf, any one of the methods described in claims 41 to 43 is selected;
(D) Turf is applied to the surface.

In yet another broad aspect, the present invention provides a method for displaying an advertising pattern on a sports playing surface, wherein:
(A) preparing a predetermined turf segment with the selected advertising pattern;
(B) the part selected to be equivalent to the shape and size to the segment is removed from the surface;
(C) Insert a segment on the surface.

In yet another broad aspect, the present invention provides a method for exchanging display advertising patterns on a lawn surface, wherein:
(A) Prepare and store a predetermined turf segment with the selected advertisement pattern;
(B) remove existing turf segments displaying advertising patterns;
(C) Insert the selected turf segment on the surface.

In yet another broad aspect, the present invention provides a method for maintaining severe wear areas on a sports competition surface, wherein:
(A) When using a selected turf portion composed of a surface layer and lawn having elasticity and water permeability to surface a severely worn area, the turf portion is formed in a turf strip and in a tray. And a segment of turf
(B) remove the worn portion of the turf when requested;
(C) Apply the turf part to the wear area.

In yet another broad aspect, the present invention provides a method for re-forming the surface of the turf region in the method as described above.
(A) mechanically removing a sufficient depth of the surface layer and lawn, thereby exposing a fresh surface layer;
(B) extruding the slurry onto the remaining surface layer to a predetermined thickness when the slurry is cured, thereby sufficiently repairing the surface layer;
(C) Promote the growth of fresh grass on the surface.

In yet another broad aspect, the present invention provides a method for recirculating water sprinkled on a lawn surface in a method as described above, wherein:
(A) an array of interconnected water recovery members is constructed in the subsurface portion, where the water recovery members are capable of guiding water to at least one collection point;
(B) providing a storage device for collecting water from at least one collection point;
(C) providing pump means for pumping water with sufficient pressure so that water can be sprinkled against the turf;

Advantageously, in yet another broad aspect, the present invention provides a method for deriving revenue in relation to a lawn surface, wherein:
(A) Apply turf to the application surface, and reduce the cost
(I) application method;
(Ii) surface and lawn specifications;
(Iii) coverage area;
(Iv) maintenance conditions;
Based on

  Hereinafter, various embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  First, FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a surface layer 11 suitable for growing various lawns, which surface layer 11 extends over the surface 12 with respect to a surface 12 having an existing ground structure. An applied turf 10 can be formed. Thus, the lawn surface 14 is provided as a plane substantially parallel to the plane formed by the surface 12 and as a plane positioned higher than the surface 12 by the thickness “T” of the surface layer 11. . As used herein, the term “turf” means a combination of a surface made of natural grass and a surface layer formed by the method according to the invention.

  The surface layer 11 has a predetermined thickness and can be penetrated in the thickness direction to transmit the root structure. Thereby, the surface layer 11 supports the surface growth of the lawn 14 as shown by the inset in FIG. Further, as shown in the inset in FIG. 1, the surface layer 11 includes a plurality of cavities (or bubbles) 16 that are distributed over the thickness direction. The cavity 16 may be in the form of an air pocket or a rip that allows the root structure 15 to enter. The surface layer 11 can be configured to function as a carrier for a variety of lawns, including special types of sports lawns that are suitable for specific applications.

  In addition, the surface layer 11 can be formed in a variety of ways by a variety of processes, as described below, and can provide a variety of predetermined engineering features that are suitable for a wide range of applications and situations. .

  In a broad sense, the surface layer 11 according to the first embodiment of the invention comprises a mixture of an elastomeric material in particulate form and a polymer based on emulsifiers and fillers. The preferred composition of the components will be described in detail later.

[Production method of surface layer]
As shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C, the surface layer can be manufactured in various ways different from each other. In all embodiments, a plurality of components are mechanically mixed to form a uniform mixture, thereby preparing an initial slurry. This initial slurry is suitable for extruding a layer having the desired thickness and desired mechanical properties after curing.

  As shown in FIG. 2A, in a preferred first embodiment of the manufacturing method, the slurry mixture is extruded as a continuous strip 20. This process can be performed on the surface to be coated directly in the field as an in-situ application. Alternatively, the process can be performed at a location different from the site and can be transported and laid down to a subsequent site. The width and length of the strip are determined according to the intended use. The maximum width is determined by the mixing device 21 being used. If only a thin surface layer is desired, such as when turf is laid on a porous surface where roots can penetrate, the strip can be transported and delivered as a roll. The thickness of such a roll-shaped strip can be in the range of 20-50 mm. For thicker surfaces, the strip can be transported and handled as flat. Typically, such strip material can be in the thickness range of 50-100 mm.

  In-situ pouring can be done up to an inclination of up to about 33 °. For more steep slopes, a stabilizing grid can be incorporated in the surface layer.

  Extruded strips manufactured at sites other than the site can additionally be cut into square and rectangular tiles as needed for convenient transportation and handling.

  As shown in FIG. 2B, in a second preferred embodiment of the process, the surface layer 11 is extruded onto the tray structure 22, thereby forming a turf module 23. The tray structure 22 may be as shown in FIG. 2C and includes at least one lift point 24. This lift point 24 is suitable for transporting and laying modules using mechanical lift means. A typical preferred thickness of the module can range from 80 to 120 mm.

  In both the first and second embodiments of the process as described above, for the strip or tile or module, depending on the preferred method of application of the lawn, the lawn selected during manufacture or selected during laying is used. Can be applied. Here, the lawn is applied to a cured surface layer or a partially cured surface layer, as will be described later.

  In the third preferred embodiment of the method for producing the surface layer, various components are introduced and mixed into a movable road pavement apparatus such as an apparatus for continuously forming an asphalt surface layer. In this embodiment, the surface layer is laid directly on the application surface. Again, lawns can be added using various methods described below.

[Example of surface composition]
[Example 1]
The surface layer according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention can be produced as follows. That is, first, in a “PAVESEAL” ® mixer (eg, as used for road paving) with calibrated continuous flow means, about 32.8% w / w Recycled or reconstituted or fresh rubber having an average mesh size (depending on acceptable standards) of between about 7 and 16; about 32.8% w / w, such as basalt, sand and dust Mineral aggregates (having a particle size up to a diameter of about 10 mm); about 4.0% w / w fillers such as cement dust and fly ash; about 2.6% w / w For example, chemical retarders that retard the “breaking” of the emulsion; and about 0.8% w / w, eg, coated with sulfur or at specific temperatures and humidity Time, such as coated fertilizer with a polymer to disintegrate under the conditions of the crystal and the water absorption of the controlled release plant nutrients; the mixture is mixed at low temperature dry.

  In this example, the plant nutrient source used is known by the trade name TERRACOTTEM. This plant nutrient source is an ideal plant nutrient source. This is because of the relatively high concentration of potassium, and because it has organic water-absorbing polymers that increase the ability of the growing surface to maintain and provide water and nutrients, and also forms lawns Because it has an important role during the initial growing season of plants such as turf, and has a starter component consisting of soluble delayed release minerals and organic nutrients that are active for several months thereafter, and This is because it has a trace amount of growth stimulating agent that promotes excessive root formation in the initial growth period, and further has a carrier substance that allows a uniform distribution of crystals.

  After about 7-10 minutes of low temperature dry mixing, a uniform mixture was formed.

  A general blend of about 27.0 w / w of a polymer modified bitumen emulsion in water is then added to the mixture until a flowable or workable consistency of the mixture is formed. The polymer may be ethyl vinyl acetate or SBS. The emulsion may comprise a residual binder such as latex up to about 17.5% w / w. Water is also a major component of the emulsion. Typical emulsions are those produced by SHELL®, MOBIL®, PIONEER®, or other companies involved in the sale of polymer-modified bitumen emulsions. The emulsion is run on a MAGFLOW® meter and monitored regularly by the operator. The flow is calibrated so that the emulsion is sufficiently coated with rubber, agglomerates and fillers. Some adjustment of the amount of additive and water will be required to achieve the required working consistency and to avoid “breaking” prior to the ripening of the emulsion.

Various mixing methods may be used, but it is important to note that regular stirring is not required. Minimal mechanical agitation is required to quickly coat rubber, agglomerates, and fillers with the emulsion. Excessive mechanical agitation will “break” the emulsion prior to maturation and remove the emulsion coating from the rubber and agglomerates. If the emulsion “breaks” before maturation, the products produced do not bind well together. For this reason, small concrete mixers and the like are not suitable for use because their lift blades rotate too quickly and produce high shear forces. Ideally, the mixer useful in the present invention is
(1) Operate the blade or auger at less than 10 rpm,
(2) have as little blade or auger as possible,
(3) having a mixing holding drum whose height is significantly larger than its diameter,
(4) It should be operated as close to the horizontal position as possible to avoid transporting, shearing and spattering of the mixture. Along with “breaking” prior to the maturation of the emulsion, excessive mechanical agitation can foam the mixture and lead to wasted energy.

  The mixer is operated at an ambient temperature of about 25 ° C., but the mixing process is performed at higher and lower temperatures if appropriate adjustments are made to other mixing conditions and / or component concentrations. May be.

  When a workable consistency of the mixture is formed, it is provided by the auger through a screed box near the mixer, which is at the height and position of use suitable for pouring the still molten mixture. The mixture is discharged from the mixer at a flow rate of 5 kg / sec.

  The extrudate can have any desired thickness depending on the application. Thickness is a function of extrusion speed and also a function of mixer moving speed.

  The extrusion rate may be adjusted depending on the ambient temperature and other environments that affect the level of working consistency of the mixture.

  If the mixture is derived from the mixer in the form of a molten “slurry”, it has a characteristic brown color due to the polymer-modified bitumen emulsion and “breaks” after the mixture is deposited as a surface layer at the point of use Water is released by permeating through the surface and evaporating to the environment. Emulsion “breaking” is commonly used in the art to refer to the industry known as “cotton precipitation and coalescence” of bitumen-based emulsions, and this process is based on the temperature, mechanical Controlled by mechanical stirring and the presence of any chemical retarder. The “breaking” process involves irreversibly coating certain inert components of the mixture, in particular the rubbers, agglomerates and fillers used in this example, with a polymer-modified bitumen emulsion, together with the resulting surface layer. Involved in chemical reactions that bind. The “breaking” process leads to hardening of the mixture, causing a color change from brown to black and a gradual loss of viscosity.

  Curing is completed in about 30-40 minutes, depending on the ambient temperature, and then the surface layer is additionally stretched to a mat of desired thickness and smoothness, using hydraulic vibration and rotation machine, The machine releases excess water and helps bond the resulting mat surface together, but does not cause surface degradation that would lead to loss of desired properties.

  If the surface layer needs to have a certain elasticity, the concentration of rubber in the mixture can be adjusted. Higher rubber concentrations form a softer surface.

  In this example, plant nutrients present in crystalline form are trapped stably and accessible in the surface layer. Combined with the presence of water-permeable or leachable bubbles and the presence of water bubbles essential for drainage, the delayed release of minerals and organic nutrients from trapped nutrient sources can lead to the development of root systems throughout the surface and the accompanying plant growth. stimulate.

[Example 2]
By laminating a loose overcushion of rubber shoeing having a width of about 20 mm to about 80 mm in any direction so that the overcushion is present at a depth of about 50 mm to 100 mm with respect to the surface layer of Example 1 Turf that grows slightly later than the growth on the surface layer of Example 1 having better drainage and more shock absorption suitable for sports can be produced. A large amount of the phytonutrient crystals used in the surface layer of Example 1 is randomly mixed with or scattered on the overcushion. The overcushion made of rubber shaving and phytonutrient crystals has a thickness of about 200 mm or less. Then, the growth of a special sports turf lawn is induced as described below. The lawn is rooted in the surface layer by the development of the root system through both the overcushion and the surface layer of Example 1 that serves as the base material for this overcushion, and the surface is approximately under normal climatic conditions. After 30 days, it can be used after about 14 days if the climate and other conditions are optimal.

  Both the black base and overcushion easily absorb sunlight and convert it to heat. Some of the thermal energy is radiated to the environment, but most of it is conducted to the substrate and overcushion, causing warming of the surface layer, thereby promoting root penetration and branching through the surface layer, The result is, of course, a faster turf growth and, if the turf is damaged, a quick repair of the turf.

  Regarding the growth and repair of turf lawn derived from the warming effect of the surface layer, the same advantages as in the case of the surface layer of Example 1 are obtained.

  When established, turf grown on the surface according to the present invention is maintained in the same way as soil-based turf, but water and nutrients can be used more effectively in terms of promoting growth. Has advantages.

The typical composition of the surface layer produced in Example 2 is as follows for an area of 150 m ² and for a depth of 100 mm and for the same turf coverage:
・ 4 tons of rubber ・ 29.34 tons of aggregates ・ 313 kg of filler
・ Emulsion about 2500 liters (about 2.54 tons)
・ Plant nutrient crystals 15kg
-Over cushion 1 ton-Polymer residue * 8% w / w
* Polymer residue refers to the proportion of polymer in the polymer-modified bitumen emulsion.

  An important component in the surface layer formation process is the bitumen emulsion. This emulsion contains finely dispersed bitumen in water. Bitumen emulsions are widely used in farming and stabilization operations and are sprayed directly onto soil or embankments to promote plant growth. Therefore, these emulsions are environmentally adaptable when the fresh emulsion reacts with the particulate matter in the slurry, thereby destroying the particulate matter and thereby effectively locking the bitumen against the slurry matrix. You can think of it. In the destruction process, a chemical reaction is performed with the fine particles, thereby irreversibly coating the fine particles. Therefore, there is no possibility that the bitumen will move and it will not enter the environment. The particulate matter in the surface layer structure according to the present invention is inert inorganic particles, cement filler, and granular rubber. These particulate materials are effectively locked into the slurry matrix and do not cause any environmental problems. Thus, the surface layer, after being placed and cured, forms a durable pavement product that has no adverse environmental impact.

[Lawn formation method]
The lawn selected for a particular application can induce growth in the surface layer in a number of ways.

  In the first preferred method, lawn seeds are simply sown and water is supplied to the hardened surface layer. Grass can grow as the root structure gradually penetrates into the surface layer.

  In the second preferred method, the hardened surface layer is dug up and then seeded. By supplying water, as in the case of the first method, the root structure gradually enters the surface layer, and the lawn can grow.

  In a third preferred method, a pre-grown lawn mat is washed with water to be substantially free of soil and placed on a hardened surface layer. Thereby, a root structure can penetrate | invade in a surface layer.

  In a fourth preferred method, a plurality of substantially soil-free twigs of pre-grown lawn can be inserted on the partially cured surface layer.

  In a fifth preferred method, a pre-grown lawn mat is placed on a partially cured surface layer that is still wet and pressed into the surface layer. Thereby, it can be combined with the surface layer and root penetration can be enabled.

  In a further fifth preferred method, which is suitable for the lawn in the tray module, a support grid is attached to the tray at some preferred height above the bottom of the tray. A cleaned lawn mat is placed in the tray on the grid. As a result, the grass roots extend downward toward the bottom of the tray, and the slurry mixture is sucked into the tray below the grid. This unifies the roots and in fact uses them as part of the coupled system. This brings strength and durability to the surface layer.

[Example of nutrient application]
[Example 1]
Various types of water-absorbing and sustained-release phytonutrient crystals (also known in the art and also as sustained-release fertilizers) used in turf growth tests using the surface layer according to the present invention did. TERRACOTTEM sustained release fertilizer trade name (registered ^trademark), when used at a rate of ^{80g / m 2 ~135g / m 2} , over a period of 12 months, to obtain a successful growth characteristics. It is expected that similar characteristics will persist over the next 4 years.

Successful growth characteristics are defined as follows:
(A) promoting healthy plant and root growth,
(B) increased lawn size under controlled conditions;
(C) Increase in growth rate.
These properties were directly compared to the equivalent surface layer based on standard soil.

[Example 2]
Several representative trade names of turf fertilizers were tried for use in the surface layer according to the present invention. Successful growth characteristics have been obtained in the case of a surface layer incorporating a controlled release fertilizer coated with sulfur or with a polymer. Typical brand names of turf fertilizers that have been tried are Osmocote®, Scotts Surf Supreme®, and Best Turf Gold®. The most successful growth characteristics were obtained when using Best Turf Gold®, which is coated with sulfur and has an N: P: K: S ratio of 22: 5: 8: 9.

[Example 3]
Several organic and non-organic liquid fertilizers were tested for turf grown on artificial surfaces according to the present invention. The most successful is when used with liquid seaweed, such as Natrakelp®. By observation, in order to optimize successful growth characteristics, such liquid fertilizers should be applied at the rate of 5 ml / m ² every 4 weeks during the plant growth, along with monthly Each time it was concluded that a 10:10:29 ratio of N: P: K composition should be applied at a rate of 10 ml / m ² .

[Characteristics of surface layer with lawn]
Turf according to the present invention can be configured to exhibit mechanical and agricultural characteristics suitable for a range of applications.

  Mechanical properties can be elasticity, impact resistance, water permeability, water retention, tension uniformity, and surface uniformity.

  Mechanical properties are a function of parameters within the manufacturing process. Such parameters include elastomer particle size, surface layer thickness, and extrusion speed, and in some cases, the degree of compression rolling of the extruded material prior to curing.

  A special feature of the present invention is that the mechanical properties can be controlled within an acceptable error range. This allows the surface layer to meet the specific surface properties required for the intended application.

  Agricultural characteristics are a function of the type of lawn selected and a function of the maintenance being performed at that time. Maintenance includes the degree of mowing, the degree of water supply, and the degree of application of additional nutrients that are often required. A specific lawn is preferred for each sport. For example, it is preferable to match a specific exercise situation. For example, it is preferable to match the rolling of the ball, the bounce of the ball, and the resistance against mechanical damage received from the studs of football spikes or other sports equipment.

  With respect to the turf structure configured to be suitable for a football field, combinations of various surface layers and various lawns are shown in FIGS. FIG. 6 summarizes the results of a comparative test between a turf of 75-80 mm according to the present invention and a natural lawn at two locations on the stadium.

  The nature of the surface layer is such that it can prevent infection and can prevent beetles from digging holes (fungi and bacteria are present in the soil).

[Example of application]
The application of turf according to the present invention can be classified into non-porous application and porous application, as in the conventional case.

  Non-porous applications include the application of turf to building roofs and terraces and other hard surface areas. For such areas, turf can be applied in strips or modularly. That is, the present invention can be applied as a square shape or a rectangular shape extruded onto the tray structure.

  Due to the excellent water permeability of the surface layer according to the present invention, the application of the surface layer on their surface does not show any difficulty with respect to drainage. That is, water easily penetrates into the support surfaces and then flows horizontally towards the originally existing drainage locations according to the original drainage pattern on those surfaces.

  Due to the structural integrity of the turf, the turf can be placed at virtually any angle with respect to the horizontal direction. Thus, turf can be applied, for example, to steep roof surfaces and even as decorative panels.

  Turf application to porous surfaces includes most sports applications. The selection of any of the various aspects of turf will depend on the area to be covered, the required mechanical properties and the required agricultural characteristics. Such choices will also be affected by the specific requirements for repairing heavily worn areas. Thus, when applying turf to large areas such as a football field, a combination of all three aspects can be used. The pre-goal area can be surfaced by a replaceable tile or tray module. Also, the side line can be formed from a wound strip. In this case as well, the advertisement pattern area can be arranged by a specially prepared module. Such modules can be quickly exchanged depending on the advertising sponsor.

  Modules can be lawned and stored and maintained under appropriate conditions. Accordingly, it can be used as a replacement material for a region that has been severely worn, and can also be used as an advertisement pattern that is appropriately replaced.

  With respect to conventional turf surfaces in large sports arenas, draining under the surface is important so that they can be kept playable and turf conditions can be maintained. The main advantage of the turf according to the invention is the excellent water permeability of the surface layer. This substantially prevents surface saturation and pooling by properly incorporating a subsurface drainage system. Typically, the turf in these applications is placed on sand provided with an embedded grid that forms a drainage member, or on other porous agglomerated substrates, as shown schematically in FIG. For efficient water permeability through the surface layer, water can be efficiently recovered and stored for subsequent reuse, as described in detail below.

  Drainage performance is further aided by typically significantly reducing the stadium surface profile thickness over the drainage structure presented by the present invention. A typical stadium profile made of sand or earth has a thickness of 300 mm or more, and is very prone to water saturation and flooding. On the other hand, in the case of the turf according to the present invention having a thickness of about 100 mm, as can be seen from the test results of FIGS. 3 to 5, for example, a stadium such as a football field or a cricket field is required. Mechanical properties can be achieved.

  For example, stadium surfaces such as football, hockey, baseball and other running physical contacts require significant elasticity to protect the player from scratches. The surface layer according to the present invention provides excellent elastic properties with a thickness typically in the range of 90-120 mm.

  Another major advantage of the surface layer according to the invention is that the mechanical property of elasticity does not change much between dry / moisture conditions and wet / saturated conditions. For example, as can be seen from FIG. 7, the resilience of the football ball is within the required criteria.

  A similar surface thickness is appropriate for a race track on a horse race course. In this application, furthermore, elastic properties, excellent drainage properties and resistance to intense wear are particularly important.

  If impingement contact is rare or unimportant, place very thin turf on the porous surface as long as the porous surface can penetrate at least part of the grass root structure. Can do. Such a thin layer with a thickness in the range of 20-35 mm is sufficiently flexible and can be placed against a wavy surface, such as the tee shot area of a golf course or around a bunker. It can also be installed against a rapidly curved surface.

  This property of being able to adapt to curved surfaces makes it possible to apply turf when repairing or stabilizing surfaces such as eroded canyons or sharp embankments.

  A further application of turf is the stabilization of contaminated soil. In this case, the surface layer can be used as a sealing layer, which prevents the wind from scattering the pollutant and the water from flowing out the pollutant.

[how to use]
In selecting a turf application method for a particular surface and for a particular application, the economic effect of the application method compared to other methods is evaluated. On-site surface production using road surface paving machines is advantageous in terms of cost for large areas, but relative transportation costs and other on-site costs are relatively small for small areas. Therefore, the cost advantage is reduced.

  Even in the case of a relatively large area, the choice of on-site laying method can be complicated if there is a need to make modular exchanges in areas of severe wear or advertising patterns.

[Example 1]
8 and 9 show the playing field 30. A plurality of modules 23 are applied to a part of the surface 31 of the stadium 30 and are laid so as to form an array 34.

  Each module 23 includes a turf portion 10 manufactured according to any of the processes described in the various examples above.

  In this example, each module 23 comprises a turf portion 10 supported by a tray structure 23 as illustrated in detail in FIG. 2C.

  In a particularly preferred embodiment, the tray structure 23 comprises at least one lifting point 24 which extends upward from the center of the tray structure 22 or is arranged at four corners 25.

  The lifting points 24, 25 can provide a mechanical engagement portion for an extraction tool (not shown) or a lifting device 32 that is installed on the transport vehicle 33 in this example. ,It is configured. This allows any module to be removed from the array 34 or placed in a predetermined position within the array, for example for replacement with a replacement module or replacement module 23. Can do.

[Example 2]
FIG. 10 shows another example of a football field 40. In this stadium 40, there are a plurality of regions having different degrees of wear and usage. That is, the main competition area 42 preferably forms one continuous permanent surface. However, the areas forming the areas 42, 43 adjacent to the pre-goal areas 44, 45 are constructed using the replaceable module 23 and strips along the side lines 46, 47 Is constructed using a replaceable strip 48.

  Also, one or more selected areas 49 at strategic locations within the stadium 40 are required to display advertising patterns that require periodic replacement.

  In this application of the present invention, the main region 41 can be formed in situ as a large area continuous strip 50 by a road paving machine, as shown in FIG. 2A. Regions that are to be formed as interchangeable are excluded from this process by using an appropriate formwork or by subsequent removal.

  Thereafter, the module 23 is arranged for the pre-goal areas 42 and 43, and the roll-shaped strip 48 is arranged for the areas of the side lines 46 and 47. Here, both the module 23 and the strip 48 are manufactured at a location different from the site. Similarly, the advertisement area 49 is formed from a module manufactured at a location different from the site.

  The water permeability of the turf according to the present invention substantially removes water that remains on the surface without being able to evaporate. Thus, subsurface effective drainage and collection systems can be used to recover substantially all of the water that has been sprinkled on the surface and not pumped up for lawn growth. This can save a significant amount of water. This is particularly important in sports stadiums built in dry areas.

  In FIG. 11, the turf 61 of the stadium 60 is provided with a subsurface portion 62. The lower surface portion 62 is provided with a plurality of drainage members 63 interconnected. The drainage member 63 guides the water 64 that has passed through the surface layer 65 into the collection tank 66. Depending on the requirements, water 64 is pumped from collection tank 66 by pump 67 and sprayed onto the surface of turf 61 using watering system 68.

[Commercial method]
The turf according to the present invention can be made available to the user in various ways. That is, for example, a predetermined surface area that is a lawn application target for a specific application can be evaluated as appropriate for any one of the various application methods described above. Here, the surface layer can be directly applied in a strip shape to the entire surface to which the lawn is to be applied, which is economical. For surface areas greater than a predetermined minimum limit, continuous production on site can be performed. If greater than the minimum limit, the surface layer can be supplied with a sliding cost scale. That is, the cost per unit surface area decreases as the coverage area increases.

  If it is below the minimum limit, it must be supplied from a surface that was manufactured at a location different from the site and stored as stock.

  For example, if a sports arena that has several heavily worn areas is the target surface, i.e., the use of turf trays or turf strips is required, the overall cost is It is the total of various costs related to the required turf application combination. In this case, it is possible to add a specific request necessary for supplying or exchanging advertisement patterns.

  In both of the above examples, the additional costs can be associated with subsurface drainage equipment and with any structural equipment added for surface maintenance and repair. be able to.

  For relatively light areas, a relatively thin and rolled strip surface is appropriate. This is especially the case for steep or irregular terrain. In such applications, costs can be limited primarily to manufacturing costs, transportation costs, and laying costs.

  The descriptions of the various embodiments above are merely illustrative of the invention. Thus, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the various embodiments described without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing a turf having a lawn surface according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is applied to an existing ground structure. It is a side view which shows the preferable manufacturing method of the surface layer by this invention. It is a side view which shows the other preferable manufacturing method of a surface layer. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a tray suitable for supporting a segment of the turf of FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is a test result showing performance characteristics regarding a special configuration of the turf of FIG. 1. FIG. It is a test result which shows the performance characteristic regarding the other structure of the turf of FIG. It is a test result which shows the performance characteristic regarding another structure of the turf of FIG. It is a test result which compares and shows the performance characteristic of one structure of the turf of FIG. 1, and the performance characteristic of the turf based on the soil by a prior art. FIG. 2 is a test result showing the performance characteristics of the turf of FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a playing field formed from a plurality of turf segments according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. It is a side view which shows the turf segment exchange method by this invention. 1 is a perspective view showing a playing field formed from turf according to various embodiments of the present invention. FIG. It is a figure which shows roughly the water circulation method applied with respect to the stadium formed from the turf based on this invention.

Explanation of symbols

10 Turf 11 Surface 12 Surface 14 Lawn 15 Root Structure 16 Air Bubble, Cavity 20 Strip 22 Tray Structure 23 Turf Module

Claims (50)

Turf composed of a combination of surface and lawn,
The surface layer is suitable for the growth of the lawn without soil,
The combination of the surface layer and the lawn is configured as a selective composition so as to meet specific requirements sought in an application selected from a plurality of lawn surface applications. Turf to do. The turf of claim 1,
The surface layer is formed from a mixture;
The mixture contains elastomer particles, suitable combined emulsions, inorganic aggregates, fillers, sustained release phytonutrient particles, with each component mixed together in a sufficient ratio, so that When placed and cured, the mixture forms a water permeable and elastic surface layer, the surface layer having a plurality of air bubbles, through the air bubbles, and the lawn of the turf. Turf characterized in that the root structure can penetrate. The turf of claim 2,
The turf characterized in that the elastomer particles comprise particles made of recycled automobile tire rubber. The turf of claim 2,
The turf characterized in that the elastomer particles comprise particles made of new rubber. In the turf according to any one of claims 2 to 4,
The turf characterized in that the elastomer particles comprise particles made of recycled rubber and particles made of new rubber. In the turf according to any one of claims 2 to 5,
Turf characterized in that the combined emulsion comprises a bitumen emulsion. In the turf according to any one of claims 2 to 6,
Turf, wherein the bitumen emulsion is a modified polymer. In the turf according to any one of claims 2 to 7,
The inorganic aggregate is one or more selected from a series of granular aggregates;
The turf characterized in that the series of aggregates includes basalt, sand, and crusher dust. The turf according to any one of claims 2 to 8,
The filler is one or more selected from a series of granular fillers;
The turf characterized in that the series of fillers comprises cement dust and fly ash. In the turf according to any one of claims 2 to 9,
The component further comprises a chemical retarder that can slow down the flocculent and bonding processes;
Turf characterized in that both processes act to coat the particulate component with the bitumen emulsion. In the turf according to any one of claims 2 to 10,
The elasticity of the surface layer is a function of the content ratio of the elastomer particles in the surface layer,
The turf characterized in that the greater the content ratio of the elastomer particles, the greater the elasticity of the surface layer. The turf according to any one of claims 2 to 11,
Turf characterized in that the elasticity of the surface layer is a function of the average mesh size of the elastomer particles. The turf according to any one of claims 2 to 12,
The turf characterized in that the water permeability of the surface layer is a function of the content ratio of the elastomer particles and a function of an average mesh size of the elastomer particles. The turf according to any one of claims 2 to 13,
Turf characterized in that the elasticity and water permeability of the surface layer is a function of the thickness of the surface layer. In the turf according to any one of claims 1 to 14,
Turf characterized in that the lawn surface application comprises a competition surface for various sports activities. The turf of claim 15,
The turf characterized in that the competition surface has a lawn surface suitable for playing tennis. The turf of claim 15,
Turf characterized in that the playing surface comprises a lawn surface suitable for a series of sports characterized by the term football. The turf of claim 15,
The turf characterized in that the competition surface has a lawn surface suitable for golf games. The turf of claim 15,
The turf characterized in that the competition surface has a lawn surface suitable for running a racehorse. In the turf according to any one of claims 1 to 14,
The turf is suitable for application to a heavily worn region around a bunker on a golf course. In the turf according to any one of claims 1 to 14,
The turf is characterized in that the turf is suitable for minimizing erosion in a water channel. In the turf according to any one of claims 1 to 14,
A turf characterized in that the turf is suitable for stabilizing a steep embankment. In the turf according to any one of claims 1 to 14,
Turf characterized in that the lawn surface application comprises a non-porous surface coating. In the turf according to any one of claims 1 to 14,
The turf characterized in that the elasticity of the surface layer is suitable for a specific performance characteristic in one sport activity among a plurality of sport activities. A method for forming a surface layer suitable for growing lawn without soil so as to form turf,
(A) In a suitable mechanical mixing device, mix each component consisting of particulate elastomer, inorganic aggregates, filler, and sustained release phytonutrient particles, thereby forming a uniform mixture;
(B) charging the mechanical mixing device with a suitable combined emulsion capable of chemically interacting with the homogeneous mixture, thereby forming a uniform slurry;
A method characterized by that. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein
A method characterized in that the granular elastomer is provided with particles made of new rubber. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein
A method characterized in that the granular elastomer comprises particles made of recycled automobile tire rubber. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein
A method, wherein the granular elastomer is a mixture of recycled rubber particles and new rubber particles. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein
A method characterized in that the combined emulsion comprises a polymer modified with a bitumen emulsion. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein
The inorganic aggregate is one or more selected from a series of granular aggregates;
A method characterized in that the series of aggregates comprises basalt, sand, and crusher dust. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein
The filler is one or more selected from a series of granular fillers;
A method characterized in that the series of fillers comprises cement dust and fly ash. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein
Said component further comprising a chemical retarder that can slow down the flocculent and bonding processes;
A method wherein both processes act to coat the particulate component with the bitumen emulsion. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein
Extruding the slurry from the mixing device as a surface layer in a continuous strip onto the application surface;
Thereby, at the time of curing, a layer having uniform water permeability and elasticity is formed. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein
Extruding the slurry from the mixing device onto a curing surface as a continuous strip surface layer, thereby forming a layer with uniform water permeability and elasticity,
A method characterized in that the thickness of the layer is such that the layer can be wound longitudinally to form a roll for transport to the application surface. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein
The slurry is sequentially extruded from the mixing device onto a plurality of curing trays, thereby forming a tray supporting the surface layer,
A method characterized in that the tray supporting the surface layer is suitable for transport to the application surface. 36. A method as claimed in any one of claims 25 to 35, for growing turf on the surface layer so as to form turf,
A method of sowing seeds of a kind of lawn selected to be suitable for a given lawn surface application to the surface layer. 36. A method as claimed in any one of claims 25 to 35, for growing turf on the surface layer so as to form turf,
Digging up the surface and then sowing seeds of a selected type of lawn suitable for a given lawn surface application to the surface. 36. A method as claimed in any one of claims 25 to 35, for growing turf on the surface layer so as to form turf,
A plurality of twigs made of the selected lawn species are inserted into the upper surface of the uncured surface layer, thereby forming a lawn surface with the grass roots penetrating the surface layer. how to. 36. A method as claimed in any one of claims 25 to 35, for growing turf on the surface layer so as to form turf,
A lawn mat that has been pre-grown and made substantially free of soil by washing is placed on the hardened surface layer so that the lawn mat surface is penetrated with the lawn mat roots penetrating the surface layer. Forming a method. 36. A method as claimed in any one of claims 25 to 35, for growing turf on the surface layer so as to form turf,
Press the lawn mat that has been pre-grown and washed substantially free of soil onto the uncured surface layer, so that the lawn mat root penetrates the surface layer and the grass surface Forming a method. 34. A method as claimed in claim 33, for applying the turf to an application surface comprising:
(A) extruding the slurry as a strip from the mixing device directly onto the application surface;
This forms a surface layer with uniform elasticity and water permeability after curing,
(B) In promoting the growth of lawn on the surface layer,
(I) a method of sowing a selected type of lawn seed on the surface layer;
(Ii) a method of inserting a plurality of twigs made of a selected lawn species into the top surface of the surface layer in a partially cured state;
(Iii) a method of placing a lawn mat that has been pre-grown and then made substantially soil-free by washing onto a hardened surface layer;
By any of the methods
A method characterized by that. 35. A method as claimed in claim 34, for applying the turf to an application surface comprising:
(A) Extruding the slurry from the mixing device as a strip onto the curing surface, thereby forming a surface layer;
(B) promoting grass growth on the surface, thereby forming a turf strip;
(C) winding the strip into a roll suitable for transport to the application surface;
(D) laying the strip on the application surface;
A method characterized by that. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the turf is applied to an application surface comprising:
(A) Extruding the slurry onto the curing tray, thereby forming a tray supporting the surface layer;
(B) promoting the growth of the selected varieties of grass on the surface layer, thereby forming a turf tray;
(C) when requested, transport the tray to the application surface;
(D) laying the tray on the application surface to form an array;
A method characterized by that. A method for forming a surface of a sports stadium,
(A) providing a subsurface portion having desired specification flatness and having desired specification drainage and recovery capabilities;
(B) determine the areas for periodic replacement for possible severe wear;
(C) as a method for applying turf, any one of the methods described in claims 41 to 43 is selected;
(D) applying the turf to the surface;
A method characterized by that. A method for displaying an advertising pattern on a sports play surface, comprising:
(A) preparing a predetermined turf segment with the selected advertising pattern;
(B) removing from the surface a portion selected to be equivalent to the shape and size of the segment;
(C) inserting the segment into the surface;
A method characterized by that. A method for exchanging advertising patterns for display on a lawn surface,
(A) preparing and storing a predetermined turf segment having the selected advertisement pattern;
(B) remove existing turf segments displaying advertising patterns;
(C) inserting selected turf segments into the surface;
A method characterized by that. A method for maintaining intense wear areas on a sports competition surface,
(A) In performing surface finishing of the severe wear region using a selected turf portion comprising a surface layer and lawn having elasticity and water permeability, the turf portion is divided into a strip and a tray forming the turf. A segment made of the turf formed inside,
(B) removing the worn portion of the turf when requested;
(C) applying the turf portion to the wear area;
A method characterized by that. 44. A method as claimed in claim 42 or 43, wherein the surface of the turf region is reshaped.
(A) mechanically removing a sufficient depth of the surface layer and the lawn, thereby exposing a fresh layer of the surface layer;
(B) extruding the slurry onto the remaining surface layer to a predetermined thickness when the slurry is cured, thereby sufficiently repairing the surface layer;
(C) promote the growth of fresh grass on the surface layer;
A method characterized by that. 45. A method as claimed in claim 44, for recirculating water sprinkled on the lawn surface,
(A) an array of interconnected water recovery members is constructed in the subsurface portion, wherein the water recovery members are capable of guiding water to at least one collection point;
(B) providing a storage device for collecting water from said at least one collection point;
(C) providing a pumping means for pumping the water with sufficient pressure so that the water can be sprinkled against the turf;
A method characterized by that. A method for deriving revenue in relation to a lawn surface,
(A) Turf is applied to the application surface using the method according to any one of claims 36 to 40, and the cost at that time is
(I) application method;
(Ii) specifications of the surface layer and the lawn;
(Iii) coverage area;
(Iv) maintenance conditions;
A method characterized by being based on:

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