JP2007504294A - Single phase discoloring agent - Google Patents

Abstract

  Discoloration compositions are provided that contain an indicator that produces an observable discoloration after a time that is stable in a single phase and after sufficient washing has been performed or after a time that indicates completeness of washing. This use of discoloration is useful, for example, in soaps to teach children to wash their hands for a sufficient amount of time. The composition can be added to many different base materials to indicate the time of use or as a way to introduce fun to movement.

Description

  The present invention relates to toiletries such as soap used on the hands, body and exterior, and other cleaning products.

The amount of time required to clean the skin or outer surface has been extensively studied. The Association of Infection Control Epidemiology (APIC) Guidelines (1995) (Table 1) for hand washing and hand sanitization in health care facilities is based on 10-15 washing time with soap or detergent in the case of regular hand washing for general purposes. Seconds are recommended. The APIC, for example, in nursing and food preparation applications, recommends antibacterial soaps or detergents or alcohol-based rubbing for 10-15 seconds to remove or eradicate temporary microorganisms. The APIC also recommends antibacterial soaps or detergents with at least 120 seconds of brushing for surgical applications. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends hand washing for up to 5 minutes for surgical applications. Clearly, the length of time spent washing hands can increase the effect on eradication of microorganisms. Accordingly, there is a need for a cleaning formulation that allows the user to determine how long he has cleaned his hands to accept the guidelines.
Correct hand-washing habits are important for children. Children need guidance, especially in determining the appropriate amount of time they have to perform hand washing. This instruction is usually given by parents or other caregivers and is important, but not at the same time. In addition to parental guidance, a variety of other mechanisms have been used to increase children's hand washing time. Soap, for example, has been formulated as a foam to increase the amount of time children spend on washing because it increases the enjoyment that children find in hand washing. Air fresheners were also used to make hand washing more enjoyable. A two-chamber container was used to cause a color change when the ingredients were mixed. Also, the reactive components in the two-chamber system can be held separately with one component that is inert by, for example, microencapsulation, until sufficient effective stimulation results in their effective mixing, or It was proposed that the components be retained separately, but by the use of a two-phase immiscible mixture in one container. These methods are possible but somewhat impractical and expensive. A system that produces discoloration that does not rely on physical or phase separation to retain unmixed components is much simpler.
There is a need for a cosmetic or cleaning product for a wash that changes color indicating a time delay indication that a predetermined cleaning interval has passed after dispensing. There is also a need for toiletries that are interesting for children. In addition, there is a need for a color-changing chemistry made from ingredients that can be premixed and packaged together for later distribution from a single-chamber container.

Contain base materials and indicators or discolorants that exhibit changes detectable by the user at some time after dispensing, for difficulties and problems encountered in the prior art, stable in a single phase and suitable for storage in a single-chamber dispenser A new composition has been developed. Detectable changes can occur from a finite time after dispensing up to about 5 minutes at most, but changes usually do not occur more than 1 second after dispensing. The change may occur from about 1 second to about 120 seconds, or more desirably from about 5 seconds to about 45 seconds, or even more desirably from about 15 to 35 seconds. The discoloration may occur in about 10 seconds. This discoloration composition can be used in toiletries such as soaps, skin lotions, colons, sunscreens, shampoos, gels, toothpastes, mouthwashes and other cleaning products such as toilet cleaners and medical disinfectants. Can be added.
In another aspect, the present invention includes a dispenser having a reservoir and a dispensing opening in fluid communication therewith and a cleaning composition in the reservoir. The cleaning composition is a single phase mixture of surfactant, reactive components and dye, and the cleaning composition changes color after being dispensed.
The present invention also includes a hygiene learning tool and a method for acquiring hygiene habits. The hygiene tool has an indicator that shows a detectable change to the user some time after the dispense has passed. Hygiene habits include the steps of dispensing soap and water into the user's hand, rubbing hands together until a detectable change is detected by the user, and washing the hand with water. And including an indicator which shows an indicator that changes after some time after dispensing soap into the hand.

The present invention includes a base material or carrier material, such as a toilet cosmetic or cleaning product, and an indicator that exhibits a detectable change after a while and can be held stably in a single sealed container before use. It is out. Contains at least one dye or preliminary dye and a modifier that causes a detectable change. The detectable change may be, for example, a color or a color shade or degree, and the color change may be from colorless to colored, from colored to colorless, or from one color to another.
One method of producing the color change effect of the present invention is by using a dye that is sensitive to this reaction; an electrochemistry that changes color based on a reduction / oxidation or redox reaction in the presence of a redox dye. This reaction involves the transfer of electrons between at least one element or substance and the other. In a redox reaction, an element that loses an electron is said to be oxidized because its valence increases, and an element that gains an electron is said to be reduced because its valence decreases. Conversely, oxidized elements are also called reducing agents because other elements must be depleted, that is, one or more electrons must be given to the other elements. Reduced elements are also called oxidants because they must oxidize other elements, that is, they must accept one or more electrons from other elements. Note that since a redox reaction involves the transfer of electrons between at least two elements, every redox reaction requires that one element must be oxidized and the other must be reduced.
The reduction potential is related to the voltage at which a redox reaction can occur or be consumed. Much effort has been used to edit the reduction potentials of various redox reactions and S published by various published sources such as Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY (1993), ISBN 0-8247-7911-8. The “Handbook of Photochemistry” by Murov, I. Carmichael & G. Hug is available to those skilled in the art for this information. The present invention uses a reducing agent at a redox potential sufficient to reduce the dye to a colorless state. Therefore, the dye in the absence of such a reducing agent and the base material that is only expanded remain the same color before and after use. A redox reaction that has been successfully practiced with the present invention must employ components whose potential is in the range of +0.9 to -0.9 volts. For example, the redox potential of oxygen is +0.82 volts.

Oxygen is not sufficiently soluble in water and other materials, such as liquid soap formulations. Therefore, usually there is insufficient oxygen in the liquid to oxidize the colorless dye to a colored state. The maximum concentration of oxygen in water at room temperature is about 13 parts per million (ppm), and in the practice of this invention, this trace is known to be consumed rapidly by very large amounts of reducing agent. Yes. As a result, in a stationary bottle covered with a lid, the dye in the liquid formulation remains in a reduced or colorless state. A small amount of the liquid formulation is spread over the large surface area of the skin by placing it in the hand, for example in the case of hand soaps, when used by hand washing operations. This allows the oxygen concentration of this very thin film coating to exceed that which the reducing agent can handle, oxidizes the dye, and allows color development in the desired indicator time. The desired time from distribution to discoloration can be changed by adjusting the concentration of the reducing agent and the dye.
This phenomenon can also be observed by vigorously shaking the base material, eg, a liquid soap formulation, and a closed container having the color change indicator of the present invention. When this is done, color develops due to the increased oxygen concentration in the liquid soap. After the container is stationary, this color gradually disappears as oxygen gradually leaves the liquid soap. The reducing agent ultimately overcomes the oxygen concentration in the liquid soap and reduces the oxidized dye to a colorless state.
Therefore, in one embodiment of the present invention, the redox reaction is triggered when the base material containing the color changing composition of the present invention is mixed with air. This is a reaction with oxygen in the air, which is an initial reaction for initiating discoloration. In the case of a liquid hand soap, as described above by way of example, the reaction is started by mixing air with soap by the action of rubbing hands together. In the redox reaction with oxygen, oxygen is reduced and the dye is oxidized. As shown below (eg, Example 1), this primary redox reaction results in a direct color change, for example, a reaction using a reducing agent and a dye in which the dye is a redox dye. When the color changing composition is stored, the redox dye is kept in its unoxidized state by the action of a reducing agent that reacts with available oxygen. Once the composition is in contact with an excess of oxygen, for example, when dispensed, the reducing agent is consumed by oxidation, and then the redox dye is involved in the oxidation and discoloration occurs.
This aspect of the invention includes a redox dye and a reducing agent as described above. These components are produced as follows.

Redox dyes Redox dyes include Food Blue No. 1, Food Blue No. 2, Food Green No. 3, Basic Blue 17, Resazurin, FD & C Blue No.2, FD & C Green No.3, 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue, saframin O However, it is not limited to these. Suitable dyes include, but are not limited to, thiazine, oxazine, azine and indigo dye type members. Other redox dye candidates have also been identified and the following discoloration can occur in this system from colorless to blue: Basic Blue 17
From colorless to red resazurin (low dye concentration)
FD & C Green No.3 from yellow (same color as dial liquid soap) to green
From yellow to purple 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue From yellow to red Resazurin (high dye concentration)
From yellow to pink Saframin O
Edible pigments can be evaluated as dye candidates in reducing agent / redox dye-changing liquid soap formulations and various color-changing chemistries can be used. The result of this evaluation can be seen in Example 6.
The amount of dye used in the practice of this invention is desirably from about 0.001 to 0.5 weight percent, more desirably from about 0.002 to 0.25 weight percent, and even more desirably from about 0.003 to 0.1 weight percent.

Reducing agents Reducing agents include, but are not limited to, any compound that is compatible with the base material used with the redox dye and reacts with oxygen in the redox reaction. Upon mixing the base material, dye and reducing agent, the reducing agent reduces the dye to a colorless “reduced dye”. The base material usually has a small amount of dissolved oxygen already present, which reacts (oxidizes) with the “reduced dye” to give a colored dye. This rapidly returns to the reduced form (colorless) by the high concentration of reducing agent present in the formulation. Therefore, oxygen is consumed in the formulation and eventually converted to water. Therefore, the formulation is essentially free of oxygen present in it. This equilibrium can be shown as follows.
Reducing agent Dye (coloration) ⇔ Reduced dye (colorless)
Oxygen thin film, high oxygen exposure Sealed bottles, low / anoxic liquid soap formulations, for example, when dispensing soap into hands and performing hand washing operations, the soap is spread as a thin layer and diluted with water. The This action allows oxygen in the atmosphere to permeate the thin layer and oxidize the dye to a colored state. The reducing agent will reduce this dye to some extent, but will eventually be overwhelmed and consumed by the excess amount of atmospheric oxygen introduced by the exposure of the large surface area, leaving the dye colored. can do. This color formation indicates a visual indication that sufficient hand washing time has occurred. The time of oxygen “battle” against the dye reducing agent is finite, so the hand wash time can be adjusted to indicate.
When a liquid soap formulation containing the composition of the invention in a container is shaken, oxygen is introduced into the soap. Oxygen converts the colorless “reduced dye” into a colored form, but the solubility of oxygen in water is only about 13 parts per million (ppm), so oxygen can be converted to convert some of the dye. Is consumed rapidly. This colored oxidized dye is reduced by a higher concentration of reducing agent and the soap once again rapidly becomes colorless. By repeating a vigorous shaking cycle, it is possible to completely consume the reducing agent and the soap remains colored.

Suitable reducing agents to cause a redox reaction when exposed to oxygen in the air include, but are not limited to, sugars such as glucose, galactose, xylose, and the like. Other suitable reducing agents include hydroquinone, ascorbic acid, cysteine, dithionite, ferric ion, copper ion, silver ion, chlorine, phenol, permanganate ion, glucothione, iodine, and mixtures thereof Including, but not limited to. Metal complexes that can function as reducing agents are also suitable for the practice of the present invention. Metal complexes include, but are not limited to, mononuclear, binuclear and cluster complexes such as iron protoporphyrin complexes and iron-sulfur proteins.
The reaction rate is different for the same amount due to the mass of different reducing agents, which may be an additional way to change the color change until the desired time. Various sugars were evaluated as reducing agents. The result of this evaluation can be seen in Example 6.
The amount of reducing agent used in the practice of the present invention is desirably about 0.1 to 2.0 weight percent, more desirably about 0.2 to 1.50 weight percent, and even more desirably about 0.3 to 1 weight percent. The ratio of reducing agent to redox dye is desirably at least about 2: 1, more desirably at least about 5: 1, and even more desirably at least about 10: 1.
In another aspect of the invention, a primary redox reaction initiated from contact with air can then initiate a secondary reaction that produces a color change. An example of this embodiment is shown in Example 2. A primary reaction between the reducing agent and air may cause, for example, a change in the pH of the solution. The change in pH is then measured by the pH sensitivity as described, for example, on the inside back cover of The Sigma-Aldrich Handbook of Stains, Dyes and Indicators the Aldrich Chemical Company (1990), ISBN 0-941633-22-5. The use of dyes can cause discoloration. Catalysts and buffers can also be used to control reaction kinetics. The components of this aspect of the invention are described immediately below.

pH sensitive dyes Suitable dyes can be activated at a pH of about 4-9 or especially 5-8 for normal use in the human body, so primary redox reactions in a way that produces the most effective discoloration Can be paired with ingredients. Suitable pH sensitive dyes include carminic acid, bromocresol green, chrysoidine, methyl red / Na salt, alizarin red S, cochineal, chlorophenol red, bromcresol purple, 4-nitrophenol, alizarin, nitrazine yellow, bromthymol blue , Brilliant Yellow, Neutral Red, Rosolic Acid, Phenol Red, 3-Nitrophenol, Orange II, and the like.
The amount of dye used in the practice of the present invention should be from about 0.001 to 0.5 weight percent, more preferably from about 0.002 to 0.25 weight percent, and even more preferably from about 0.003 to 0.1 weight percent.

The use of a catalytic catalyst increases the designer's ability to control the rate of reaction by choosing the type and amount of catalyst present, as the term is commonly understood in the scientific community. An example of a catalyst is an enzyme; for example, glucose oxidase. The catalyst causes a change in the pH of the solution upon reaction with air (oxygen), followed by a color change due to the use of a pH sensitive dye. An example of the effect of the catalyst on the reaction is shown in Example 2. If a catalyst is used, it can be present in an amount of about 0.001 to 0.5 weight percent.

pH buffering
pH buffering is commonly used in chemical reactions to control the reaction rate. In the case of the present invention, pH buffers can be used for this purpose and also to increase the stability of the mixture in storage and transport. The buffering capacity is sufficient for any pH change induced by a relatively small amount of oxygen contained in the solution or in the “headspace” above the solution in the storage container, but the large amount of oxygen that occurs during use. Can be designed to be less than required for buffering the solution when exposed to water. Suitable pH buffers include but are not limited to sodium lauryl sulfate, citric acid and the like. However, the selection of one or more buffering agents depends on the reaction components used, the choice of dye, and if any, the catalyst used and is within the ability of one skilled in the art to choose.
In yet another embodiment of the invention, the discoloration caused by both the redox dye and the pH sensitive dye composition can be used together in the same solution. Multiple reducing agents can also be used to initiate a redox reaction that causes a color change with oxygen in the air.
The amount of time for dispensing and discoloration depends on the energy used to introduce oxygen into the formulation and solution used. For example, dispensing a discolored soap solution into a hand followed by a violent hand rub causes the color to change more rapidly than without violently rubbing the hand. If the amount of the dye and other components is decreased, the time until the color change is similarly increased. By relatively simple experimentation with the amount and type of soaps, dyes, and other ingredients described herein, it is possible to design a color changing composition that changes the time length by about 5 minutes.
It is believed that the reversible color change feature of the present invention presents an interesting and fun mode for single-room liquid soaps. It should be noted that each discoloration from the starting color to the second color and back to the starting color is a “cycle” and the discoloration cycle is dependent on the dye concentration. In the experiments described herein, the number of possible color change cycles ranged from 12 to 35 cycles depending on the dye concentration.

Dispensers The indicator composition of the present invention can be dispensed in many different ways, for example with liquid soap. A specific example is due to the usage of a liquid pump dispenser as shown in FIG. The dispenser contains soap 8 and has a lower intake member 10, a central pump assembly 12 and an outlet member 14. The low intake member 10 extends down to a point near the bottom 18 into the supply container 16 for storage of the liquid soap 8. The lower intake member 10 in the supply container 16 is shown in broken lines. The central pump assembly 12 has a check device and a spring device (not shown) that allows unidirectional movement of the liquid soap 8 by the pump assembly 12. When the user depresses the upper outlet member 14, the pump assembly 12 is activated, causing the intake member 10 and the pump assembly 12 to move the liquid soap 8 upward from the supply container 16 and discharge it from the outlet member 14. .
It is contemplated that any of a number of distribution mechanisms can be used with the present invention. As a further example, a foaming pump dispenser is described in US Pat. No. 6,446,840. With respect to FIG. 2, the foaming dispenser has a lower intake member 20, a central pump assembly 22, and an upper outlet member 24. The intake member 20 has an open intake tube 26 that extends into liquid soap during normal operation and is connected to a lower extension 28 forming a liquid chamber 30 protruding from the housing 32. ing. The check valve 34 allows only flow up from the tube 26 to the chamber 30. The central pump assembly 22 has a nozzle that produces foam that, when pressurized with liquid on one side, discharges a swirling aerosol spray to the opposite side. The axial passage and the radial port allow air to flow from chamber 36 to chamber 38. The foaming chamber 38 holds a foam generator. The housing 32 is designed to be on the rim of the supply container holding the foamable liquid soap or detergent object.
Yet another dispenser can be seen in FIG. In this dispenser, the supply container 40 is flexible and includes a valve 42. The withdrawal of the liquid soap 8 is accomplished by opening the valve 42, turning the dispenser upside down, tightening the supply container 40 and pressing the soap through the valve 42, for example, into the hand.
Yet another dispenser is shown in FIG. 4, where the supply container 50 is not flexible. Since the supply container 50 has a removable upper part 52 that can be unscrewed from the supply container 50, the liquid soap 8 can be removed manually by the user.
Yet another example of a dispenser is commonly used in wall mount devices. This dispenser is shown in FIG. 5 and is described in U.S. Patent No. 6,533,145 and U.S. Design Patent No. 388,990, the contents of which are hereby included as if they were all shown. , Supply vessel 60, central pump assembly 62, and outlet portion 64. Similar to the pump dispenser of FIG. 1, the central pump assembly 62 has a check device and a spring device (not shown) that allows unidirectional movement of the liquid soap by the pump assembly 62. When the user pushes the outlet portion 64, the pump assembly 62 is activated, moving the liquid in the supply container 60 through the pump assembly 62 and discharging it from the outlet portion 64. In various aspects of the invention, the outlet portion 64 may be located below the supply container 60 and the pump assembly 62 may be fitted within the supply container 60.

Base Material The discoloration composition of the present invention is suitable for addition to a base material such as a cosmetic for toiletries. Toiletries include, but are not limited to, soaps (liquid and solid), skin lotions, colons, sunscreens, shampoos, gels, toothpastes, mouthwashes, and the like.
Base materials further include cleaning products such as, but not limited to, hard surface cleansers and medical disinfectants. The hard surface cleanser incorporating the color change chemistry of the present invention can be used, for example, in a home or business environment in a food preparation area. In such usage, the time from application to discoloration can be adjusted to show effective microbial removal. Similarly, the medical disinfectant using the color change indicator of the present invention can also notify the user when a sufficient time has passed for effective microorganism control.
Many toiletries and detergents contain similar core ingredients; for example, water and surfactants. Oils, detergents, emulsifiers, film forming agents, waxes, fragrances, preservatives, emollients, solvents, thickeners, wetting agents, chelating agents, stabilizers, pH adjusting agents, and the like can also be contained. In US Pat. No. 3,658,985, for example, an anionic composition contains a small amount of a fatty acid alkanolamide. U.S. Pat. No. 3,769,398 discloses a betaine-based composition containing a small amount of a nonionic surfactant. US Pat. No. 4,329,335 also discloses a composition containing betaine surfactant and a small amount of nonionic surfactant and fatty acid mono- or di-ethanolamide as main components. U.S. Pat. No. 4,259,204 discloses a composition comprising 0.8-20% by weight of an anionic phosphate ester and one additional surfactant that may be anionic, amphoteric or nonionic. U.S. Pat. No. 4,329,334 discloses an anionic amphoteric composition containing a major amount of an anionic surfactant and a minor amount of betaine and a nonionic surfactant.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,935,129 discloses a liquid cleaning composition containing an alkali metal silicate, urea, glycerin, triethanolamine, an anionic detergent and a nonionic detergent. The silicate content determines the amount of anionic and / or nonionic detergent in the liquid cleaning composition. U.S. Pat.No. 4,129,515 includes substantially equal amounts of anionic and nonionic surfactants, alkanolamine and magnesium salts, and optionally a mixture of zwitterionic surfactants as soap foam control agents. A liquid detergent containing is disclosed. U.S. Pat.No. 4,224,195 describes a specific group of nonionic surfactants, i.e., ethylene oxides of secondary alcohols, a specific group of anionic detergents, i.e., sulfate ester salts of ethylene oxide adducts of secondary alcohols. And an amphoteric surfactant, which may be betaine, wherein an anionic surfactant or a nonionic surfactant may be the main component. Detergent compositions containing all nonionic surfactants are shown in US Pat. Nos. 4,154,706 and 4,329,336. US Pat. No. 4,013,787 discloses piperazine-based polymers in conditioning and shampoo compositions. U.S. Pat.No. 4,450,091 includes a high viscosity composition containing a blend of betaine amphoteric surfactant, polyoxybutylene polyoxyethylene nonionic detergent, anionic surfactant, fatty acid alkanolamide and polyoxyalkylene glycol fatty acid ester Is disclosed. U.S. Pat. No. 4,595,526 describes a composition comprising a nonionic surfactant, a betaine surfactant, an anionic surfactant and a C12-C14 fatty acid monoethanolamide foam stabilizer. The contents of the patents mentioned herein are hereby incorporated by reference as if all of them were shown.
Information on these ingredients can be found in, for example, Cosmetics & Toiletries, Vol. 102, No. 3, March 1987; Balsam, MS, et al., Editors, Cosmetics Science and Technology, 2nd edition, Vol. 1, pp 27 -104and 179-222 Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1972, Vol. 104, pp 67-111, February 1989; Cosmetics & Toiletries, Vol. 103, No. 12, pp 100-129, December 1988, Nikitakis, JM, edit., CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook, 1st edit., The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association, Inc., Washing-ton, DC, 1988, Mukhtar, H, edit., Pharmacology of the Skin, CRC Press 1992; Green, FJ , The Sigma-Aldrich Handbook of Stains, Dyes and Indicators; Aldrich Chemical Company, Milwaukee Wis., 1991, the contents of which are included herein as if all of them were shown And
Exemplary materials that can be used in the practice of the present invention are further described in Cosmetic and Toiletry Formulations by Ernest W. Flick, ISBN 0-8155-1218-X, second edition, section XII (pages 707-744). Including, but not limited to.
These include, but are not limited to, for example, the following formulations:

Liquid hand soap wt%
EMERY 5310 Coconut sulfosuccinate 20
EMERSAL 6400 Sodium lauryl sulfate 10
EMID 6513 Lauramide DEA 3
EMID 6540 Linolamide DEA 2
ETHOXYOL 1707 Emulsified acetate 1
EMERSOL 233 oleic acid 1
EMERESSENCE 1160 Rose Ether Phenoxyethanol 1
Triethanolamine 0.5
Deionized water balance

Liquid soap wt%
Ammonium lauryl sulfate (60%) 24
Cocamidopropyl betaine 6
Stearamidopropyldimethylamine 1.5
Sodium chloride 1.3
Glycol distearate 1
Citric acid 0.25
Methylparaben 0.15
Propylparaben 0.05
Bronopol 0.05
Water balance

Solid soap wt%
Soap base 80/20 95.68
Water 1
Antioxidant 0.07
Perfume oil 0.75
Titanium dioxide 0.5
GLUCAM E20 2

Example 1A: A redox dye / reducing agent formulation that produces a color change includes 200 grams of Kimberly Clark Professional Antibacterial Clear Skin Cleanser (PCSC C2001-1824), 0.01 grams of Edible Blue No. 2 dye, 1.2 grams of glucose sugar. Using. In weight percent, it was 0.005 weight percent dye, 0.6 weight percent sugar, balance soap. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 20 minutes to dissolve the additive and then poured into a dispenser container. When left unattended, the color turned pale yellow.
In this example, the normal blue / green color when mixed with indigo carmine (food blue No. 2, FD & C No. 1) dye, glucose / liquid soap solution was reduced to light yellow by glucose. When the soap mixture was exposed to the air and rubbed, the oxygen oxidized the dye to 63 green / blue in about 10-20 seconds. Interestingly, the soap does not have enough oxygen while encapsulated in the container to oxidize the reduced dye, so that it can remain yellow in the container.
As a modification of the present Example 1A, many additional Examples 1B-1G were performed at different ratios with the same components, and the time until the first color change was noted. These examples used 500 ml of Kimberly Clark Professional Antibacterial Clear Skin Cleanser and 9 grams of soap solution with glucose and 0.2 grams of Edible Blue No. 2 dye solution in 100 ml of water. Samples were prepared by placing the dye solution in the following amounts in a 100 ml beaker and adding soap solution to make a total volume of 20 ml. Example 1G used 10 ml of soap and glucose solution, an additional 9 ml of soap, and 1 ml of dye solution.
Glucose stock solution (ml) Dye stock solution (ml)
(Grams of glucose) (mg of dye) Time Example
17 (0.170g) 3 (6mg) <5 seconds 1B
18 (0.180g) 2 (4mg) 5-10 seconds 1C
19 (0.190g) 1 (2mg) 15-20 seconds 1d
19.5 (0.195g) 0.5 (1mg) 40-50 seconds 1E
19.75 (0.198g) 0.25 (0.5mg) 2 minutes +/- 10 seconds 1F
10ml and 9ml soap (0.10g) 1 (2mg) 15-20 seconds 1G
Therefore, it can be seen that adjusting the time of the first color change is relatively simple within the scope of normal experimentation.

Example 2: pH change formulation causing discoloration The formulation uses 76 grams of Kimberly Clark Professional Antibacterial Clear Skin Cleanser (PCSC C2001-1824), 1 gram of glucose oxidase enzyme catalyst, trace amounts of chlorophenol red (first 6.4 milligrams of glucose sugar was then added to 4.7 grams of the initial mixture. The initial mixture remained red during mixing and after glucose addition (final mixture). The final mixture was placed on the tile and gradually discolored to yellow in about 20 seconds by spreading by hand.
An example of a pH change that causes a color change is the addition of a glucose enzyme catalyst and chlorophenol red to the soap solution. After mixing, glucose with a redox potential of −0.42 v was added, but the color (red) did not change. However, sufficient oxygen was introduced in the air on the outer surface during stirring to react glucose with gluconic acid in the presence of the catalyst, thus lowering the pH of the solution below 6 and inducing the discoloration caused by chlorophenol red.

Example 3: Redox dye / reducing agent that produces a color change using cysteine / ascorbic acid A reagent stock solution having the following composition was prepared:
-2.0 grams of indigo carmine (edible blue No. 1, FD & C Blue 2) redox dye dissolved in 1000 ml of tap water. Indigo carmine dyes are available from the Aldrich Chemical Company (Catalog No. 13,116-4), Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
-10 weight percent L-ascorbic acid reducing agent in tap water. Ascorbic acid is available from the Aldrich Chemical Company (Catalog No. 25,556-4).
-10 weight percent DL-cysteine reducing agent in tap water. Cysteine is available from the Aldrich Chemical Company (Catalog No. 86,167-7).
A series of aqueous solutions were prepared with 1 ml of indigo carmine dye reagent stock solution and made up to 100 ml with tap water. Various amounts of the other two reagent stock solutions were added to the dye solution as shown below. After shaking to initiate the color change, the composition was allowed to equilibrate, timed for the reverse color change (colorless), and the indicated pH was tested.
Reagent Volume of reagent storage solution added (ml)
Cysteine 0 0 0 0 1 5 10 20 1 5 10 20
Ascorbic acid 1 5 10 20 0 0 0 0 1 5 10 20
Time to colorless NC NC NC NC 90 130 260? 260 45 25 10
(min)
pH 6.4 6.4 6.1 6.0 6.4 6.2 6.1 5.9 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.0
NC = Color does not change after 19 hours.
? = 3 hours later it became colorless before 19 hours.
The cysteine / ascorbic acid solution was similarly tested in a liquid soap formulation (PCSC C2001-1824). An aqueous solution of the reagent stock solution was added directly to 50 ml of liquid soap in the amount indicated below. The composition was further shaken and then tested as reported for time and pH to equilibrate and reverse color change.
Sample Volume of added reagent stock solution (ml)
Dye 1 3 1 1 3
Ascorbic acid 0 0 9 20 20
Cysteine 0 0 9 20 20
Time to colorless NC NC 120 60 90
(min)
pH 6.7 6.7 6.1 6.0 6.0
The change from blue to colorless is reversible by shaking the liquid to introduce oxygen and oxidizes the dye to blue in about 20 seconds.
As can be seen from these results, the cysteine / ascorbic acid system can be used to formulate a color-changing liquid soap with an indigo carmine dye. Cysteine alone also causes a reversible decolorization reaction, but the reaction rate is very slow. In addition, these reagents can be used as substitutes known to those skilled in the art. Cysteine can be replaced with, for example, glutathione, but the color change is somewhat slower. Indigo carmine dyes can be replaced with 1,9 dimethylmethylene blue (thiazine dye type) and brilliant cresyl blue acid (tagine dye type).

Example 4: Redox dye / reducing agent formulation causing discoloration uses 200 grams of Kimberly Clark Professional Moisturizing Instant Hand Antiseptic as shown above, 0.01 grams edible blue No. 2 dye and 1.2 grams glucose sugar It was. During hand washing, the color changed from colorless to blue in about 10 to 20 seconds.

Example 5: Redox dye / reducing agent formulation causing discoloration uses 200 grams Kimberly Clark Professional Eurobass Foaming Soap (P8273-PS117-81.102), 0.01 grams edible blue No. 2 dye and 1.2 grams glucose sugar It was. After mixing the ingredients, a white foam was placed on the hand and the soap changed from white to blue by hand washing action. The forming dispenser introduced sufficient oxygen into the soap during dispensing as described above so that the color of the soap would change in about 10-20 seconds even without agitation.

Example 6: Redox dyes that produce discoloration were evaluated by preparing the formulation of Example 1A with the corresponding dyes, washing the hands with running water and categorizing the changing color and time. The following results were obtained.
Color evaluation when using edible dye soap color <br/> Blue No. 1 Yellow Blue Success Blue No. 2 Yellow Blue Success Red No. 40 Yellow Yellow Failure Green No. 3 Yellow Green Success Yellow No. 5 Yellow Yellow Failure
Experiments have shown that edible blue Nos. 1, 2 and edible green 3 are all very successful in liquid soap formulations.

Example 7: A comparative experiment was conducted to examine the effect of replacing various monosaccharides on the time taken for the evaluation color of monosaccharides to return to light yellow. (Edible Blue 2 was used as the dye.) It should be noted that during hand washing, the reaction of oxygen from the air that converts colorless (or light yellow) soap into a colored liquid is very rapid. . Therefore, to examine the reducing power of various sugars, the soap / dye solution was shaken and the time taken to return to colorless / light yellow was determined. The results are shown below.
Sugar time (seconds)
Glucose 100
Xylose 80
Galactose 120
Sucrose unchanged
As is well known to those skilled in the art, changes and modifications to the present invention are deemed to be within the ability of those skilled in the art. Examples of such modifications are included in the present specification in their entirety, to the extent that they are contained in the patents identified above and each of which is consistent with the present specification. Such changes and modifications are considered to be within the scope of the present invention by the present inventors.

It is a figure of a pump type liquid soap dispenser. It is a figure of the foaming liquid soap dispenser using a pump. FIG. 5 is a diagram of a flexible storage bottle for liquid soap that may be turned upside down for soap dispensing. FIG. 3 is a view of a non-soft hand opened storage container for liquid soap. It is a figure of the pump-type liquid soap dispenser suitable for wall mounting.

Claims (20)

  A discoloration composition comprising a base material and an indicator that reacts with oxygen to initiate a visible discoloration, wherein the indicator and the base material form a single phase.   2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition changes color from a finite time to at most about 5 minutes.   3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the composition changes color from about 1 second to about 120 seconds.   4. The composition of claim 2, wherein the composition changes color from about 5 seconds to about 45 seconds.   3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the composition changes color from about 15 seconds to about 35 seconds.   3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the composition changes color in about 10 seconds.   The composition according to claim 1, wherein the indicator is a redox dye and a reducing agent.   8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the reducing agent is a sugar.   9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the sugar is selected from the group consisting of glucose, fructose, galactose and xylose, and the sugar is present in an amount of about 0.1 to 2.0 weight percent.   The reducing agent is composed of hydroquinone, ascorbic acid, cysteine, dithionite, iron ion, copper ion, silver ion, chlorine, phenol, permanganate ion, glucothione, iodine, iron protoporphyrin complex, and iron-sulfur protein. 8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the composition is selected from the group and is present in an amount of about 0.1 to 2.0 weight percent.   8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the redox dye is selected from the group consisting of Edible Blue No. 1, Edible Blue No. 2, Edible Green No. 3, and mixtures thereof, wherein the dye is present in an amount of about 0.001 to 0.5 weight percent. .   The redox dye is selected from the group consisting of Basic Blue 17, Resazurin, FD & C Green No. 3, 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue saframin O and mixtures thereof, and the dye is present in an amount of about 0.001 to 0.5 weight percent; 8. The composition according to claim 7.   8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the indicator is indigo carmine, ascorbic acid, cysteine.   2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the indicator comprises a reactive component and a pH sensitive dye, the reactive component reacts with oxygen to cause a change in pH, and the change in pH causes a color change in the pH sensitive dye. object.   15. The composition of claim 14, further comprising a catalyst. The pH-sensitive dye, carminic acid, bromocresol green, Kurisoijin, methyl red / Na salt, alizarin red SH ₂ 0, cochineal, chlorophenol red, bromocresol purple, 4-nitrophenol, alizarin, nitrazine yellow, bromothymol 15. The composition of claim 14, selected from the group consisting of blue, brilliant yellow, neutral red, rosoleic acid, phenol red, 3-nitrophenol, orange II and mixtures thereof.   15. The composition of claim 14, wherein the indicator further comprises a pH buffer.   18. The composition of claim 17, wherein the pH buffer comprises sodium lauryl sulfate.   2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the base material comprises water and a surfactant.   A color change composition comprising a base material and an indicator that reacts with oxygen to initiate a visible color change, wherein the indicator comprises a reducing agent and a redox dye in a ratio of at least about 2: 1.

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