JP2007329139A - Lighting device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To stably secure energy saving and necessary illumination by providing a lighting device in which the initial illumination correction becomes enabled even when luminaires are used of which illuminance is gradually reduced with the lapse of lighting time. <P>SOLUTION: The lighting device is formed by arranging a plurality of sets of the luminaires of which the illuminace is gradually reduced with the lapse of the lighting time as a set with S fixtures. At the initial use of the luminaires, in the respective sets, the lighting number of the luminaires is set to be S-n fixtures which can secure the minimum necessary illuminance, and after that, at a point after the lapse of time required for the illuminance of the luminaires lit by S-n fixtures to be reduced up to the minimum necessary illuminance in the respective sets, a switching control means is provided which automatically switches the lighting number of the luminaires based on the use time of the luminaires so that the lighting number of the luminaires is sequentially increased one by one from S-n fixtures. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an illuminating device that uses an illuminator whose illuminance gradually decreases with the lapse of lighting time to enable initial illuminance correction to prevent glare and save energy.

  High pressure discharge lamps (HID) used as high ceiling lighting fixtures in factories, warehouses, gymnasiums, etc. include metal halide lamps with high luminous efficiency that are frequently used in the same way as mercury lamps. The luminous efficiency of this metal halide lamp is 1.6 to 1.9 times that of mercury lamps, so when securing the same illuminance, it is superior to mercury lamps from the viewpoint of initial cost and life cycle cost (LCC), and its use has increased in recent years. is doing. When this type of metal halide lamp is used as a lighting device for high ceilings in factories or the like, a plurality of lamps are provided at regular intervals, for example, on the premise that the required illuminance can be obtained even when the luminous flux is reduced during lamp replacement. The lighting plan was made so that it was distributed and an even light distribution was obtained.

  However, although the metal halide lamp has a luminous efficiency 1.6 to 1.9 times that of the mercury lamp, the illuminance / initial illuminance when the luminous flux is reduced when the lamp is replaced, that is, the maintenance rate is poor, as shown in Table 1 and FIG. As shown in the figure, when the maintenance rate is poor, the luminous flux is reduced to about 50% after 9000 hours of use.

  For this reason, when an illumination plan is made based on the illuminance at the time of light flux decline, the initial illuminance becomes too high in the initial use state where the light flux has not declined, resulting in inconvenience that the illumination feels dazzling. In the case of a metal halide lamp, since the initial illuminance correction by the inverter method cannot be adopted, the amount of energy for which the initial illuminance is higher than the required illuminance is wasted. Further, since the initial illuminance is turned on more than necessary, there is a problem that when the illuminance gradually decreases as the usage time elapses, a dark feeling is given to the user even though the set illuminance is secured.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and provides a lighting device capable of correcting the initial illuminance even when using a lighting fixture in which the illuminance gradually decreases as the lighting time elapses. The purpose is to ensure energy saving and secure the required illuminance.

  The illuminating device according to claim 1 is an illuminating device in which a plurality of sets of luminaires whose illuminance gradually decreases as the lighting time elapses is arranged as a set of S units. The number of lighting fixtures in the set is set to Sn units for which the required minimum illuminance is ensured, and then the usage time during which the illuminance of the lighting fixtures turned on in the respective sets with the Sn units is reduced to the required minimum illuminance. Switching control means for automatically switching the number of lighting fixtures on the basis of the usage time of the lighting fixtures so that the number of lighting fixtures is sequentially increased from the Sn units one by one when the time elapses. It is characterized by providing.

  In this illuminating device, at the initial illuminance at which high illuminance is ensured, among the set of S illuminators, the illuminators that are simultaneously turned on are reduced to a number Sn that ensures the necessary minimum illuminance and are lit. . Therefore, in this state, conventionally, the n lighting fixtures that have been turned on are in the off state, and accordingly, excessive illuminance is reduced and energy saving is achieved. When the illuminance of the Sn lighting fixtures decreases to the necessary minimum illuminance as the lighting time elapses, the lighting is performed on the Sn + 1 units, and the necessary minimum illuminance is secured. Thereafter, similarly, when the illuminance of the luminaire decreases to the necessary minimum illuminance, n luminaires are sequentially added to each of the luminaires, and finally all the lights of a set of S units are turned on. Thereby, dazzling and unnecessary power consumption due to the lighting of all the S lamps at the time of the initial illuminance are prevented, and the necessary minimum illuminance is always ensured (that is, initial illuminance correction).

  The lighting device according to claim 2 is the lighting device according to claim 1, wherein among the S lighting fixtures, the lighting fixtures in a light-off state are sequentially changed.

  In this lighting device, the lighting time of each of the S lighting fixtures is {(S−n) / S} × while the Sn lighting fixtures are turned on for T hours and the illuminance is reduced to the required minimum illuminance. Of the S lighting fixtures, the lighting fixtures in the extinguished state are sequentially changed so as to be T. Thereby, each of a set of S lighting equipment becomes equal lighting time. For example, when a set of four lighting fixtures is turned on to ensure illuminance and the illuminance is reduced to the required minimum illuminance in this state for T = 2000 hours, {(4-1) / 4} × 2000 = 1500, and the lighting fixtures in the off state are sequentially changed so that the lighting time of one lighting fixture is 1500 hours.

  The lighting device according to claim 3 is the lighting device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of the S lighting fixtures is four, and the four lighting fixtures intersect each other on the orthogonal diagonal line. It is characterized by being arranged at a pair at equal distances from each other.

  In this illuminating device, four illuminating devices are arranged in pairs at equal distances from the intersection point on diagonal lines orthogonal to each other. That is, four lighting fixtures are arranged at each corner of the square. Then, a set of four lighting fixtures arranged in the same manner are continuously arranged vertically and horizontally. Therefore, even when the number n of lighting fixtures to be turned off is 1 or 2, it is possible to avoid that two adjacent lighting fixtures are continuously turned off in the entire lighting fixture arrangement. Become. Thereby, an even light distribution is possible.

  According to the illuminating device of the present invention, at the initial illuminance at which high illuminance is ensured, the number of luminaires that are simultaneously turned on among the set of S luminaires is reduced to a number Sn that ensures the necessary minimum illuminance. When the illuminance of the Sn lighting fixtures decreases to the required minimum illuminance as the lighting time elapses, lighting is performed with the Sn + 1 unit to ensure the required minimum illuminance. When the light intensity drops to the required minimum illuminance, up to n lighting fixtures are sequentially added to each unit, and all the lights in the S unit are finally turned on. It is possible to prevent the glare and unnecessary power consumption due to being performed and to secure the necessary minimum illuminance (that is, to correct the initial illuminance), and to turn on the luminaire with high efficiency.

  DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a lighting device lighting method and a lighting device according to the invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a lighting apparatus according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of system division of a lighting fixture group, and FIG. 3 is an example of rotation switching and stage switching of the system division example in FIG. FIG. 4 is a time chart showing a specific example of the rotation switching shown in FIG.

  In the lighting device 1 according to the present embodiment, a metal halide lamp whose illuminance gradually decreases as the lighting time elapses is used as the lighting fixture 3. The lighting fixture 3 includes S sets (for example, 4 sets in this example) as a set, and a plurality of sets are arranged at equal intervals in the vertical and horizontal directions. Therefore, a plurality of lighting fixtures 3 are arranged vertically and horizontally in multiples of 4 on the ceiling surface.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the lighting fixtures 3a (3b, 3c, or 3d) arranged at a position common to each set are connected in a single circuit, and S systems (four systems in this example) V, W, X , Y systematically. At least S relays (remote control relays) 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d are connected to each of the systems V, W, X, and Y of the luminaire group thus divided. ing. The remote control relays 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d may be divided into a plurality of lines in one system depending on the capacity. Thereby, for example, if the first remote control relay 5a is turned on / off, the lighting fixtures 3a of the one system V arranged at positions common to the respective groups are turned on / off simultaneously.

  The remote control relays 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d are connected to the relay control terminal unit 7, and any one of them is controlled to be operated simultaneously by an open / close control signal input from the relay control terminal unit 7. It has become. The relay control terminal unit 7 operates as an A / D converter that converts a digitized lighting pattern signal transmitted from a transmission device described later into an analog control signal and transmits the analog control signal.

  The lighting device 1 is provided with a plurality (three in this example) of transmission devices 9a, 9b, and 9c for sending different lighting pattern signals in stages. From these transmission devices 9a, 9b, and 9c, the illuminance decreased to the necessary minimum illuminance in the S-n (n = 2 and n = 1 in this example) lighting fixtures 3 in which the necessary minimum illuminance was ensured. Occasionally, n lighting fixtures 3 are sequentially added to each unit, and finally a lighting pattern signal for lighting all the lights of a set of S units is sent stepwise.

  That is, a lighting pattern signal for lighting two of the four lighting fixtures 3 is sent from the first transmission device 9a. From the second transmission device 9b, a lighting pattern signal for lighting three lighting fixtures 3 out of the four is sent. A lighting pattern signal for lighting all four lamps is sent from the third transmission device 9c.

  A program timer device 11 is connected to the first transmission device 9a and the second transmission device 9b. The program timer device 11 may be individually connected to each of the transmission devices 9a and 9b, or may be connected to each of the transmission devices 9a and 9b. The program timer device 11 sends a rotation switching signal for sequentially changing the lighting fixtures 3 in the off state among the S lighting fixtures 3 to the transmission devices 9a and 9b. This rotation switching signal indicates that when the time when the Sn lighting fixtures 3 are turned on to the required minimum illuminance is T, the lighting time of each of the S lighting fixtures 3 is {(S−n) / S} × T is a signal for performing a timetable so as to be equal to T.

  The rotation switching signal sent from the program timer device 11 is converted into a digital signal via the contact T / U 13 and input to the respective transmission devices 9a and 9b. Further, a relay contact 15 is provided between the program timer device 11 and the contact T / U 13. Each of the transmission devices 9a and 9b is connected to the relay 17 having the relay contact 15 via the contact T / U19. A contact opening / closing signal sent from the transmission devices 9a, 9b is converted into an analog signal by the contact T / U 19 and inputted to the relay 17 from the transmission device 9a, 9b.

  One of these three transmission devices 9a, 9b, and 9c is selectively switched and connected to the relay control terminal unit 7 by a changeover switch 21 such as a manual rotary switch. In the example of FIG. 1, the transmission device 9 b is connected to the relay control terminal unit 7.

  The relay control terminal unit 7 is connected to a hand switch 23 having an on switch and an off switch. When the changeover switch 21 is connected to the transmission device 9c, for example, when the ON switch of the hand switch 23 is closed, this analog signal is converted into a digital signal by the relay control terminal unit 7 and input to the transmission device 9c. The Thereby, the transmission device 9c detects that the hand switch 23 is turned on, and sends a control signal for turning on all the remote control relays 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d to the relay control terminal unit 7. Similarly, even when the changeover switch 21 is connected to the transmission device 9a or 9b, the on / off signal from the hand switch 23 is processed in the same manner.

  As described above, the changeover switch 21 can selectively switch the transmission devices 9a, 9b, and 9c to the relay control terminal unit 7 so that the four lighting fixtures 3 can be turned on with different lighting pattern signals. I have to. In addition, the lighting pattern said here shall light 2 units | sets of 1st lighting patterns, 3 units | sets of 2nd lighting patterns, and 4 units | sets of 3rd lighting patterns shall be lit.

  On the other hand, when n of the four devices are turned off as in the case of the transmission devices 9a and 9b, the lighting fixtures 3 are in the off state so that the lighting times of the four lighting fixtures 3 are equal. A rotation switching signal for sequentially switching the rotations is transmitted. The rotation switching signal is sent from the program timer device 11 described above.

  In the case of a rotation in which two of the four lighting fixtures are turned off, for example, assuming 24 hours as one cycle, switching is performed twice every 12 hours shown in the two-unit rotation in FIG. As shown to (a), a pair of lighting fixture 3 located in each on two orthogonal diagonal lines is lighted by turns.

  On the other hand, when one of the four lighting fixtures is turned off by the transmission device 9b, for example, assuming that 24 hours is one cycle, switching is performed four times every six hours as shown in the three-unit rotation in FIG. Is done. In this case, as shown in FIG. 3B, the lighting pattern signal is divided into four patterns in which the lighting fixtures 3 to be turned off are sequentially located at different positions. Thus, when one set of four lighting fixtures 3 is extinguished and the illuminance is ensured, and the illuminance decreases to the necessary minimum illuminance in this state for T = 2000 hours, the above formula {(S -N) / S} × T, {(4-1) / 4} × 2000 = 1500, and the lighting fixtures 3 in the off state are sequentially turned on so that the lighting time of one lighting fixture 3 is 1500 hours. Be replaced.

  The changeover switch 21 is provided in a manager's room and the like, and the changeover time is assumed by simulation and does not become a complicated operation (the operation is about once or twice a year). In order not to make it complicated, it is preferable to use a manual switch.

  In order to automate the changeover switch 21, it is preferable to use a central monitoring board or the like provided in the facility. For example, a power meter with a pulse transmitter is attached to the main line of the lamp, the amount of power used is output to the central monitoring panel, and switching control is performed so that the back-calculated usage time matches the value of the simulation. According to this, automatic switching can be performed with high accuracy in accordance with the electric power used.

  Also, the timer circuit vii shown in FIG. 4 is employed as control for improving the low illuminance immediately after the lighting fixture is turned on during the rotation shown in FIG. That is, at the time of rotation switching, before the lighting fixture 3 to be turned off is turned off, the lighting fixture 3 that has been turned off until now is turned on in advance, and when the predetermined illuminance is reached, the lighting fixture 3 to be turned off is turned on. This is for performing control to turn off the light. As a result, immediately after the rotation is switched, a decrease in illuminance due to the fact that one of the three is in the initial lighting state is corrected.

  Next, a conventional lighting method for lighting equipment and a lighting method for lighting equipment using the lighting device 1 according to the present invention will be described by simulation. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the correlation between the illuminance and the replacement time when only four units are turned on, and FIG. 6 is a graph showing the correlation between the illuminance and the replacement time when three units are rotated and all four units are turned on. 7 is a graph showing the correlation between the illuminance and the replacement time when two units are rotated, three units are rotated, and all four units are turned on.

  First, as shown in Table 2, in the conventional example (plan A), all four units are turned on in order to secure the required minimum illuminance of 350 lux. The life of the lighting fixture 3 used here is 9000 hours, the lamp replacement time is 9000 hours, the amount of power per 400 W is 3600 kW · h, and the average power is 400 W. Therefore, as shown below the all four lighting columns in Table 2, with this lighting method, the lifetime is 9000 hours, the lamp replacement time is 9000 hours, and the amount of power per 400 W is 3600 kW · h. Thus, the correlation between the illuminance and the lamp replacement time is as shown in FIG. In this case, the initial illuminance is 701 lux, significantly exceeding the required minimum illuminance of 350 lux.

  On the other hand, as an example of the lighting method according to the present invention, for example, Table 3 shows a case where three units are rotated and all four units are turned on (plan B). In this lighting method, first, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), three lighting fixtures 3 are turned on by three rotations, and the initial illuminance is suppressed to 525 lux. In the case of lighting these three units, the illuminance decreases to 352 lux in the vicinity of the necessary minimum illuminance after the unit use time of 3750 hours elapses. Therefore, at this time, the stage is switched to the lighting of all four units shown in FIG. In the case of the lighting fixture 3 in which the single use time has passed 3750 hours, the illuminance of 470 lux is secured by turning on all four units. In the state where all four units are lit, the unit is used until the unit usage time reaches 9000 hours.

  The lamp replacement time is 5000 hours when the three lamps are rotated, and 5250 hours when all four lamps are lit, so the total is 10250 hours. Further, the correlation between the illuminance and the lamp replacement time is as shown in FIG. Therefore, the average power becomes 351 kW by turning off one unit compared to the plan A.

  Further, as another example of the lighting method according to the present invention, if it is accepted that the required minimum illuminance is slightly lower than 350 lux (for example, about 310 lux), as shown in Table 4, the lighting of two units is further rotated. Incorporation (C plan) is possible. In this lighting method, first, two lighting fixtures 3 are turned on by the two-rotation shown in FIG. 3A, and the initial illuminance is suppressed to 350 lux. With these two lightings, the illuminance decreases to 310 lux when the unit use time has passed 1000 hours. At this point, stage switching is performed to turn on all three units shown in FIG. In the case of the lighting fixture 3 whose unit use time has passed 1000 hours, illuminance of 465 lux is ensured by turning on all three units. In the state where all three units are lit, the illuminance is reduced to 310 lux when the unit use time elapses 5400 hours. At this point, stage switching is performed to turn on all four units shown in FIG. In the case of the lighting fixture 3 in which the single use time has passed 5400 hours, the illuminance of 414 lux is ensured by turning on all four units. In the state where all four units are lit, the unit is used until the unit usage time reaches 9000 hours.

  The lamp replacement time is 2000 hours when rotating two units, 5867 hours when rotating three units, and 3600 hours when all four units are turned on, so the total is 11467 hours. Further, the correlation between the illuminance and the lamp replacement time is as shown in FIG. Therefore, compared with the plan A, two units can be turned off, and the average power becomes 314 kW.

  As a result, as shown in Table 5 below, it can be seen that the lamp replacement time is extended to 9000 hours in the plan A, 10250 hours (extension of 1250 hours) in the plan B, and 11467 hours (extension of 2467 hours) in the plan C. . Also, it can be seen that the average power is 400 W in the plan A, 351 (12.5% energy saving) in the plan B, and 314 W (21.3% energy saving) in the plan C, for one metal halide lamp, 400 W. . The initial cost increases in the order of plan B and plan C, but the running cost decreases on the contrary. In the case of plan C, the initial cost can be recovered in 1.5 years.

  According to the lighting method of the lighting fixture using the lighting device 1 described above, the lighting fixture 3 that is simultaneously turned on among the S lighting fixtures in the set of S fixtures ensures the necessary minimum illuminance at the time of initial illuminance in which high illuminance is ensured. The number is reduced to the number of S-n units to be lit. Therefore, in this state, conventionally, the n lighting fixtures 3 that have been turned on are in the off state, and accordingly, excessive illuminance is reduced and energy saving is achieved. Then, when the illuminance of the Sn lighting fixtures 3 decreases to the necessary minimum illuminance as the lighting time elapses, lighting is performed with the Sn + 1 units, and the necessary minimum illuminance is ensured. Thereafter, similarly, when the illuminance of the luminaire 3 decreases to the required minimum illuminance, n luminaires 3 are sequentially added to each one, and finally all the lights of a set of S units are turned on. Thereby, dazzling and unnecessary power consumption due to the lighting of all the S lamps at the time of initial illuminance are prevented, and the necessary minimum illuminance is always ensured (that is, initial illuminance correction). And compared with the case where the lighting fixture 3 is used continuously, a lifetime can be delayed and the lighting fixture exchange time can be extended.

  Further, while the S-n lighting fixtures 3 are turned on for T hours and the illuminance is reduced to the minimum required illuminance, the lighting time of each of the S lighting fixtures 3 is {(Sn) / S} × T. The lighting fixtures 3 in the extinguished state among the S lighting fixtures 3 are sequentially replaced. Thereby, each of a set of S units of lighting equipment 3 becomes equal lighting time. For example, when a set of four lighting fixtures is turned on to ensure illuminance and the illuminance is reduced to the required minimum illuminance in this state for T = 2000 hours, {(4-1) / 4} × 2000 = 1500, and the lighting fixtures in the off state are sequentially replaced so that the lighting time of one lighting fixture 3 is 1500 hours. Thereby, the lifetime of the lighting fixture 3 is equalized, and simultaneous exchange at the time of a maintenance can be implement | achieved.

  Furthermore, in said embodiment, four lighting fixtures 3 are arrange | positioned 1 pair at equal distance from an intersection on each on the orthogonal diagonal line. That is, four lighting fixtures 3 are disposed at each corner of the square. Then, a set of four lighting fixtures 3 arranged in the same manner are continuously arranged vertically and horizontally. Therefore, even when the number n of the lighting fixtures 3 to be turned off is 1 or 2, it is possible to avoid that two adjacent lighting fixtures 3 are continuously turned off in the entire lighting fixture arrangement. It becomes possible. Thereby, uniform light distribution can be made possible.

It is a block diagram showing the schematic structure of the illuminating device which concerns on this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the example of systematic division of a lighting fixture group. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a rotation switching example and a stage switching example of the system division example in FIG. 2. It is a time chart which shows the specific example of rotation switching shown in FIG. It is a graph showing the correlation of the illumination intensity at the time of performing only all 4 unit lighting, and exchange time. It is a graph showing the correlation of the illumination intensity at the time of performing 3 unit rotation and 4 unit all lighting, and replacement | exchange time. It is a graph showing the correlation of the illumination intensity and replacement | exchange time at the time of performing 2 units | sets rotation, 3 units | sets rotation, and 4 units | sets all lighting. It is a graph showing the relationship between the luminous flux maintenance factor of a metal halide lamp, and use time.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Lighting device, 3 ... Lighting fixture, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d ... Remote control relay (relay), 7 ... Relay control terminal unit, 9a, 9b, 9c ... Transmission device, 11 ... Program timer device, 21 ... Switching switch

Claims (4)

It is a lighting device formed by arranging a plurality of sets of lighting fixtures whose illuminance gradually decreases with the passage of lighting time as a set of S units,
At the time of initial use of the luminaire, the number of lighting fixtures in each group is set to Sn units for which the required minimum illuminance is secured, and then the illuminance of the luminaires that are lit in the Sn units in each group. Of the lighting fixtures based on the usage time of the lighting fixtures so that the number of lighting fixtures is sequentially increased from the Sn units one by one at the time when the usage time for decreasing the required illuminance has elapsed. An illumination device comprising switching control means for automatically switching the number of lighting. 2. The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein among the S lighting fixtures, lighting fixtures in a light-off state are sequentially changed. 3. The S lighting fixtures are four, and the four lighting fixtures are arranged in pairs at equal distances from the intersection point on each of the diagonal lines orthogonal to each other. The lighting device described. The lighting device according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein a metal halide lamp is used as the lighting fixture.

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