JP2007312603A - Method for producing powdered soybean - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing powdered soybean comprising preparing fine powder from soybeans, wherein the soybean is frozen at extremely low temperature in order to effectively utilize the fine powder, and heating the frozen fine powder so as to easily obtain moisture-separated fine powder. <P>SOLUTION: The method for producing powdered soybean comprises the following process: freezing the soybeans at extremely low temperature after making the soybeans sufficiently absorb water; pulverizing the frozen soybeans to prepare fine powder; charging the fine powder in a pressure-resistant container; heating the fine powder; sucking the vaporized material; separating the sucked material; and collecting the soybean fine power subjected to heating treatment. By the method, the soybean fine powder obtained through the process above becomes usable as raw material for processed food such as tofu, and in particular, heating time for using the soybean fine powder as raw material for processed food can be reduced. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing soybean powder, wherein soybean is processed, defatted, and heated to produce a fine powder, and the soybean fine powder can be used for the production of food such as tofu.

In general, soybean is pulverized and supplied as a raw material for food processing. In particular, as an example of producing tofu using soybean powder, there is an example shown in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-250478. . In this conventional example, powdered defatted soybeans are used as the main ingredient, and in addition to vegetables and fish, optional mineral components are added, and water is added to add the coagulant such as bittern. And tofu or tofu-like products are disclosed.
JP 2003-250478 A

  However, as disclosed in the prior art, the powder produced by pulverizing soybeans or the like into a fine powder is subjected to heat treatment over a relatively long time when processed as food. There is a need to do. Moreover, when it is going to obtain a soybean powder so that it may use for edible as it is, it is necessary to heat-process, after processing the grain used as the raw material into a grain. Therefore, it is necessary to take a relatively large amount of time and troublesome processing steps when using any of the processing methods of heat-treating the milled powder and milling the heated grain of grains. It is required to be processed through.

  The present invention improves the efficiency of the pulverization process by processing water at a low temperature after processing the soybeans into fine powder, adding enough water, and then pulverizing the frozen soybeans and ice together. It is an object of the present invention to provide a technique for performing a heat treatment of fine powder in a short time while evaporating moisture and oil in an environment where the pressure is reduced at a high temperature.

The present invention relates to the production of soybean flour,
The invention of claim 1 is a storage step of immersing soybeans in water and storing until germination starts at a temperature for germination;
In the state where germination of the soybean has begun, leaving the water attached to the soybean, removing excess moisture, and freezing treatment step of freezing soybean in a low temperature environment,
A pulverizing step of pulverizing the frozen soybean as a fine powder;
Through the pulverization step, the pulverized soybean is stored in a container, and heated under reduced pressure, and through a heat treatment step,
The soybean powder heat-treated in the container is taken out as a fine powder.

In the invention of claim 2, when the soybean is soaked in water, germanium ions, vanadium ions, or water that can be ingested by humans and in which various effective mineral components are dissolved is used. Performing a germination treatment in an environment rich in various mineral components,
In addition to germinating the soybean, the mineral component is included together with moisture that has penetrated the soybean.

In the invention of claim 3, in the step of freezing the soybeans and then pulverizing them, with the moisture contained in the soybeans, the moisture remains attached to the surface,
Moisture that has penetrated the interior of soybeans and other moisture are frozen together with mineral components dissolved in water,
The pointed portion of the small mass of fine frozen powder that is frozen in water performs the action of shaving soybeans, and the crushed mass is scraped together to promote the fine powdering action. It is characterized by that.

The invention of claim 4 is a heat treatment step in which the pulverized soybean is stored in a container through the pulverization step of pulverizing into the fine powder form, and heated while reducing pressure.
By heating in the container, the fine powder of soybean is heat-treated in a short time, and by vacuum suction, moisture and the oil component of soybean are separated from the solid component of soybean. And exhaust it from the container as a gaseous component,
In the state where it is taken out from the container and returned to room temperature and normal pressure, the heat treatment is finished and a dried soybean fine powder is obtained.

Invention of Claim 5 performs the process which makes water contain water at temperature higher than the temperature sufficient for germination in the process of immersing the soybean in water,
Attaching the mineral component together with the moisture, including the soaked mineral component and moisture in the soybean grain, and performing a process of freezing the moisture on the surface of the soybean,
It is characterized by performing a process of pulverizing the frozen soybeans in a low temperature environment.

The invention of claim 6 uses a defatted soybean as a raw material for producing the fine powder, from the step of freezing and pulverizing in a state where the soybean raw material is immersed in water and absorbed.
The powdered soybeans are stored in a container and subjected to a heat treatment step of heating while reducing pressure,
By heating in the container, the defatted soybean fine powder is heat-treated in a short time and by vacuum suction, the water coexisting with the fine powder is separated from the solid component and discharged from the container as a gas component. And collecting only fine powder.

In the invention of claim 7, the soybean powder recovered as a fine powder in a state where the oil component and water are separated is a powder containing a large amount of mineral components contained in the immersed water,
Further, the present invention is characterized in that mineral components that effectively act as foods are strengthened as necessary and supplied to the market as raw materials for food processing.

In the invention of claim 8, the gas component separated from the container leaving the fine powder of soybean is recovered as a liquid component containing moisture and soybean oil component through the condensing part,
The soybean oil component is separated and recovered by performing a process of separating water from the recovered liquid component.

  As described above, soybeans that have been frozen in an ultra-low temperature environment of −30 ° C. to −50 ° C. are pulverized together with water adhering to the surface and moisture penetrating the inside, Subsequent to the powdering process, the fine powder is heat-treated in an environment where the pressure is reduced to a low pressure, and two kinds of treatments, drying and heat processing, are performed simultaneously, so that the processing to make soybean fine powder is performed efficiently be able to. When pulverizing as a fine powder using the soybean as a raw material, the soybean itself frozen at ultra-low temperature and the water wrapped around it will be crushed while the hard frozen ice is not melted, The crushed ice is made into a small lump with a sharp tip and the small ice and frozen soybean lump rub against each other. Can be made.

  In addition, in the process of drying and heat-treating fine powder crushed in a frozen state at low temperature, the soybean water and oil components are powdered by heating to about 130 ° C. under reduced pressure. Can be evaporated in a separate state. And when it takes out from a processing tank, an internal fine powder will be in the dry state, and it is not necessary to provide the process of drying processing after that. Moreover, since it can heat-process to such an extent that fine powder can be used for food as it is, the heating time at the time of processing into tofu etc. can be shortened, and food processing can be performed easily. Furthermore, the component of soybean oil can be easily recovered by performing a process of condensing the material evaporated in the decompression / heating step.

  In addition to the above-mentioned general method for producing fine grains of grains, if the grains are supplied as soybeans and the whole grains including soybean hulls are supplied as fine powders, processed soybeans such as tofu are easily prepared. It will be possible. In addition to the tofu, the soybean fine powder can be used to newly produce any processed soybean product or food containing a large amount of nutritional components of soybean. In addition, in the case of soybean fine powder as a raw material, waste such as “Okara” is not discharged from the tofu manufacturing plant, and it becomes possible to provide soybean products containing a large amount of fiber to the market.

Next, a method of processing the soybean of the present invention into a fine powder will be described. First, a method of processing a fine powder of soybean and obtaining a defatted powder will be described.
If it can be supplied in the form of heat-treated fine powder so that the soybean powder can be eaten as it is, the subsequent processing process of soybean can be greatly shortened, and foods based on soybean can be easily produced. Conceivable. In addition, by processing the whole soybean as it is without removing the soybean hulls, when processing it as tofu, the portion of the beans hull and germ that had previously been discarded as `` Okara '' It will not be treated as waste. Furthermore, in the process of processing food containing soybean flour, the time for heat treatment can be greatly shortened, and a processed product can be easily obtained without using extra energy.

In the example described below, in order to obtain a fine soybean powder, the steps described in FIG. 1 are performed. In the previous stage of the process A in the block diagram shown in the figure, first, the raw whole soybeans are prepared to remove foreign substances, and then washed so that they can be used for food, and the process shifts from the process A to the process A. To do.
Next, the processing steps at each stage from the process A, which is the initial stage of the processing process, to the process H, obtained as soybean fine powder that can be used for food as it is, will be described in order. To do.

Process A A soybean is immersed in water and water is fully absorbed.
Step B Store at a temperature suitable for germinating soybeans and hold until germination begins.
Process C At the stage where germination has started, the soybean is taken out of the water, but the soybean is in a wet state.
Process D It cools to about -50 degreeC using a refrigerator at the front | former stage of a pulverization process.
Step E Using a pulverizing apparatus, the soybean is pulverized with ice.
Step F Drying step: Heat treatment to about 130 ° C. in a low pressure environment to obtain a dry fine powder.
Step G The evaporant separated in Step F is cooled to obtain a liquid.
Step H The liquid obtained in Step G is separated into water and oil to obtain soybean oil.
Through the above steps, a soybean fine powder and soybean oil that have been heat-treated to a state where they can be eaten as they are, and soybean oil are obtained as products.

  Process A: In the first stage of the illustrated process, the prepared soybean is stored as it is until it is immersed in water and sufficiently absorbed, and the water is water (magnetic water) that passes through a magnetic field. Water containing vanadium ions is added. Furthermore, in addition to the above-mentioned various ions, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, amino acids, organic acids, vitamins, calcium components, and other mineral components that are considered to be added when processed into foods are appropriately used. Add an appropriate amount.

  Then, as described above, in order to include the active ingredient in the raw soybean, the temperature and environment are set so that the active ingredient penetrates into the whole soybean together with the water in which the soybean is soaked. Therefore, it is intended to contain a large amount of these active ingredients in the soybean fine powder obtained as a product. In addition, by using magnetic water as the water soaking the soybeans, it is easier to penetrate into the grains through the skin of the soybeans than in the case of normal fresh water. It gradually freezes outward from the center.

  Process B: It is a germination treatment process, and it is stored at a temperature suitable for germinating soybeans while being immersed in water. Then, in a state where a certain proportion of soybean has germinated, the germination treatment is stopped, and the process proceeds to Step C in which water is separated from soybean. In this germination treatment process, after germination of soybean is started and the buds are extended to an arbitrary length of about several millimeters, that is, in addition to the soybean components themselves, germination is newly performed. It is also possible to make a food material richer in nutrients in a state where the growing components of soybeans produced in the above can be used together.

  Step C: After passing through the germination step B, excess water is removed and preparation is made to supply it for the next stage of freezing treatment. In this process, the process of separating and removing excess water is performed to the extent that water remains on the surface of soybean, leaving more effective mineral components contained in mineral water, It is good also as what performs the pretreatment which makes those soybeans contain such active ingredients in large quantities.

  Step D: A step of freezing treatment, in which the soybean is taken out of the water in Step C, and the water attached to the surface is cooled to -30 to 50 ° C., and the soybean contains a large amount of water And water adhering to the surface are frozen together. In this state, the moisture inside and outside of the frozen soybean is hardly frozen while containing a large amount of minerals. Moreover, in the process step of freezing, as described in the step A, since the soybean is immersed in magnetic water, it is easier to penetrate into the inside of soybean than in the case of normal fresh water. By containing the magnetic water, it is frozen outward from the center of the grain.

  Step E: A step of finely pulverizing, and using a conventionally known fine powder production apparatus such as a jet mill (trade name) that rotates at high speed, a process for finely pulverizing is performed. In this finely pulverizing process, the water ice adhering to the surface of the soybean is frozen to be a fine powder, and the pointed portion of the small lump of ice acts to scrape the soybean. Presumed to do. At the same time, the pulverized lump of soybean and ice grinds each other and promotes the action of pulverizing, thereby efficiently performing the pulverizing process.

  Step F: A step of drying the pulverized soybean, and in order to dry the soybean, the soybean fine powder is put in a pressure vessel and heated to about 130 ° C. from the outside by a heating means. Evaporable components, including the bean oil component, are separated as gas from soybean fine powder. In this heat treatment step, the water whose freezing temperature is −50 ° C. is rapidly heated to a high temperature of about + 130 ° C., so that the moisture adhering to the fine powder and the soybean oil component contained in the powder Are separated in such a way that both are instantly evaporated. And it is made to discharge | emit toward the cooling process G which collect | recovers only evaporation components through the filter N which allows only gas to pass through the air suction apparatus M provided connected to the container.

  In this step F, the soybean powder taken out from the container is heat-treated, so that it can be eaten by being sprinkled on the surface of other foods just like kinaco. It is also produced as finely divided microparticles that can pass through a few micron screen. Furthermore, the fine powder of soybean is heat-treated in the container, and is completely dried when taken out from the container. As a soy flour for the raw material, it can be shipped. Then, this soybean powder can be used as a raw material for producing tofu and other processed soybean products described later.

In the drying step F, the vaporized component sucked from the drying container using a vacuum suction device is returned to a liquid in the cooling container set at a low temperature in the gas body cooling processing step G.
Further, in the drying step, an air suction device M is connected to the heating container, so that only the vaporizable component is recovered so that the fine powder of soybean is not included in the gas through the filter N that allows only the gas to pass therethrough. It is discharged toward the cooling process G. In the cooling step G, the container for sucking and containing the gas body is made of a metal made of metal having good thermal conductivity, and is subjected to a treatment such as cooling with water from the outside, whereby the gas is Causes the body to return to liquid. In order to return the gas body to a liquid, a metal pipe having good thermal conductivity is passed through a container for storing cold water, and the recovered gas body is passed through the pipe to effect liquefaction. Means for efficient execution may be used.

  As described above, following the step G of liquefying the recovered gas body, an oil / water separation step H is provided to separate and recover soybean oil from the liquid component. In order to recover this soybean oil, the simplest reason is that by storing the recovered liquid in a container, the oil component is naturally separated from the water component and the oil component is stored as an upper layer. It can be separated by pumping out the upper layer. In this soybean oil recovery process, the gas body evaporated and recovered from the inside of the drying container is liquefied in a sealed state, so that the oil component is liquefied in a state where it is not in contact with air, so it is not oxidized. The oil component is recovered.

  In addition, in the process E for finely pulverizing the whole soybean, the powdered crushed soybean and the crushed ice are cut with a blade by performing a pulverization process under the ultra-low temperature environment. It is set as the powder with few roundness which becomes a pointed part like the state made. Therefore, the whole fruit including soybean hulls is crushed, and the tip part of each powdery thing is pressed against each other by the other ice and powder grains being pressed against each other. A processing step of pulverizing each other in a state of scraping each other is promoted. And the fine powder prepared as described above can be made soy milk-like liquid easily because the time for adding water to the fine powder is very short when adding water and heating. Become.

  As described above, the processing from step A to step F is performed, and the soybean fine powder obtained as a product is subjected to a high-temperature treatment to such an extent that it can be used for food as it is. It is what. Therefore, when producing soybean-related foods using the soybean fine powder as a raw material for any food, even if the heat treatment time is shortened, foods that have been sufficiently heat-treated should be used. Obtainable.

(Second embodiment)
It was previously described that it is possible to produce a soybean product such as tofu using the whole soybeans as a raw material, by performing a fine powder treatment.
In addition, without using whole soybeans as a raw material, after squeezing the soybean oil component, using the defatted soybean as a principle, a fine soybean powder is prepared, and the defatted soybean fine powder is used for other processed foods. Sometimes used as a raw material. Even when performing the process of pulverizing the defatted soybean, the same process up to the drying process F is performed except for the germination process B in a series of process steps when the whole soybean is used to make a fine powder. Processing will be performed. After that, when the water is evaporated and recovered, and the gas is liquefied by cooling, the oil component is contained in a very small amount, so the soybean oil component cannot be separated and recovered efficiently. .

(Production example of processed soybean food)
In the process of drying and heat treating the fine powder, the whole soybean can be processed in a very short time compared to the case where the whole soybean is boiled as it is, and can be supplied for food. Even if you eat, you can digest enough. In addition, the soybean powder produced through the series of steps is subjected to heat treatment in the processing step to be sufficiently dried to be stored in a bag, and the flour. As a raw material for soy products, it can be used for the production of soy products, as exemplified below.

  Next, when producing tofu using the soybean powder produced as described above, the soybean powder is dispersed by adding hot water of about 90 ° C. at a predetermined ratio to the soybean powder, so that the predetermined concentration is obtained. After the soybean liquid is prepared, “garlic” that acts as a coagulant component is added at a predetermined ratio in the same manner as in the production of normal tofu, and is placed and cooled gently while cooling. Moreover, it replaces with said "garlic" and the other coagulation | solidification material component conventionally used for manufacture of tofu can be used suitably. In particular, when producing a tofu-like food containing a large amount of soy ingredients, depending on the nature of the other food ingredients to be added, if it does not solidify easily, add any solidified ingredients that can be used for food. Tofu-like processed food can be provided.

  As described above, all the components including soybean hulls are made into a fine powder and manufactured as a fine powder that can be used for food, so that the problem of waste generated at the conventional tofu production site is solved. In other words, in a general tofu manufacturing factory, there was a problem that “okara” as a by-product was produced in large quantities and turned into waste. Therefore, there was a solution such that the discharged “okara” is supplied as feed for pigs, etc., but there is a limit to its use as feed, and in particular, livestock breeding places in urban areas, etc. Even in places where it is not possible to obtain waste, disposal of the waste is a major problem. By the way, the so-called “Okara”, which is squeezed soymilk, contains a lot of useful ingredients that remain attached to the germ and skin of soybeans. Unnecessary to throw it away as waste.

  As described above, a soybean powder used as a raw material for producing tofu can be applied to a method of finely pulverizing a whole soybean or defatted soybean as it is, as in the case of producing conventional tofu. . In addition, the process of germinating whole soybeans is added to the production process by one extra step, and the processed food is produced using fine powder in which nutrient components not found in whole soybeans are increased by germination. be able to.

  In addition, instead of round soybeans, defatted soybeans after squeezing oil are used as raw materials, and the process of making them into fine powder is performed. It can be used as a raw material for producing related foods, and a raw material with low fat content can be used for the production of foods. As in the previous examples, in the present invention, when the remaining defatted soybeans that have been squeezed oil are used as a raw material for tofu, they are frozen and absorbed in the same manner as when using whole soybeans. After the pulverization process, a fine powder is prepared through a heating and drying process. And although the oil content of soybean is small, it is possible to produce tofu containing a large amount of active ingredients, or to supply raw materials for producing processed soybean foods.

Moreover, when it is thought that the flavor of tofu is insufficient by using only the defatted soybean as a raw material, an appropriate amount of fine powder produced from whole soybean can be mixed. As described above, when manufacturing soybean processed foods using soybean fine powder as a raw material, when manufacturing as tofu-like foods, grains, liquids, pastes, etc. of processed products such as vegetables or seaweed are added as appropriate Thus, it is also possible to produce a processed tofu product with a rich flavor.
In addition, tofu-like processed foods can be manufactured using the soybean fine powder by appropriately mixing soybean germ and epidermis components and other additives, and appropriately combining those with a chewy texture. Can be a kind of new food. And in the said tofu-like processed food, in the case of normal tofu, compared with the moisture content being 90% or more, in this example, it can be produced as a food with an arbitrary moisture content. When it is further processed, it can be provided as the most suitable food.

(Example of further processing a tofu-like product to produce another food)
It is also possible to produce a cheese-like food by producing a tofu-like processed food using the soybean fine powder and then propagating the mold on the tofu-like food. In order to produce a cheese-like food containing soybean as a main component, a hard tofu with little moisture is produced using the fine powder of soybean, and cheese fungus is planted on the surface. As the cheese fungus, for example, a fungus disclosed in a new type of microorganism (Japanese Patent No. 3789303) recently discovered and registered as a microorganism by the present applicant may be used.

  In other words, the soybean powder is subjected to a treatment for adding water, a coagulant component for tofu, and a seasoning component as necessary, and solidifying by heating to produce a tofu or tofu-like processed product. And, to the tofu-like processed product, like the cheese fungus or its fungus, adheres a fungus that acts on the protein, and stores it for a predetermined period at a temperature suitable for the growth of the fungus, It becomes possible to produce a cheese-like food.

It is a block diagram which shows the process of the process of the soybean of this invention.

Claims (8)

A storage process in which soybeans are immersed in water and stored until germination starts at a germination temperature;
In the state where germination of the soybean has begun, leaving the water attached to the soybean, removing excess moisture, and freezing treatment step of freezing soybean in a low temperature environment,
A pulverizing step of pulverizing the frozen soybean as a fine powder;
Through the pulverization step, the pulverized soybean is stored in a container, and heated under reduced pressure, and through a heat treatment step,
A method for producing soybean powder, wherein the soybean powder heated in the container is taken out as a fine powder. When immersing the soybeans in water, germanium ions, vanadium ions, or water that can be ingested by humans and dissolved in various effective mineral components, the soybeans are rich in various mineral components together with moisture. Process to germinate in an environment,
The method for producing soybean powder according to claim 1, wherein the soybean component is germinated and the mineral component is included together with moisture that has penetrated the soybean. In the step of pulverizing the soybean after freezing, the moisture is attached to the surface together with the moisture contained in the soybean,
Moisture that has penetrated the interior of soybeans and other moisture are frozen together with mineral components dissolved in water,
The pointed portion of the small mass of fine frozen powder that is frozen in water performs the action of shaving soybeans, and the crushed mass is scraped together to promote the fine powdering action. The method for producing soybean powder according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: In the heat treatment step of storing the pulverized soybean in a container through the pulverization step of pulverizing into the fine powder state, and heating while reducing the pressure,
By heating in the container, the fine powder of soybean is heat-treated in a short time, and by vacuum suction, moisture and the oil component of soybean are separated from the solid component of soybean. And exhaust it from the container as a gaseous component,
The method for producing soybean powder according to claim 1 or 3, wherein in the state of taking out from the container and returning to normal temperature and normal pressure, the heat treatment is finished and a dried soybean fine powder is obtained. In the step of immersing the soybean in water, performing a treatment of adding water to the soybean at a temperature higher than a temperature sufficient for germination,
Attaching the mineral component together with the moisture, including the soaked mineral component and moisture in the soybean grain, and performing a process of freezing the moisture on the surface of the soybean,
The method for producing soybean powder according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the freeze-treated soybean is subjected to a fine grinding process in a low-temperature environment. Using the defatted soybean as a raw material for producing the fine powder, in a state where the soybean raw material is immersed in water and absorbed, from the step of freezing and grinding,
The powdered soybeans are stored in a container and subjected to a heat treatment step of heating while reducing pressure,
By heating in the container, the defatted soybean fine powder is heat-treated in a short time and by vacuum suction, the water coexisting with the fine powder is separated from the solid component and discharged from the container as a gas component. The method for producing soybean powder according to claim 1, wherein only the fine powder is recovered. In the state where the oil component and water are separated, the soybean powder recovered as a fine powder is a powder containing a large amount of mineral components contained in the immersed water,
Furthermore, the mineral component which acts effectively as a foodstuff as needed is strengthened, and it supplies to the market as a raw material for food processing, The manufacturing method of the soybean powder of Claim 4 characterized by the above-mentioned. The gas component separated leaving the fine powder of soybeans from the container is recovered as a liquid component containing moisture and soybean oil components through the condensing part,
The method for producing soybean powder according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the soybean oil component is separated and recovered by performing a process of separating water from the collected liquid component.

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