JP2007277029A - Oxygen enrichment device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To produce oxygen-enriched air by effectively utilizing a difference in physical properties between nitrogen and oxygen occupying the greater part of components included in the air, especially, magnetic properties, a difference in mass and fluidic properties. <P>SOLUTION: Utilizing the phenomenon that, to a magnetic pole, an oxygen molecule as a paramagnetic substance is magnetized to an opposite pole and is attracted to the magnetic pole, and a nitrogen molecule as a diamagnetic substance is magnetized to the same pole and is excluded from the magnetic pole, and the phenomenon that, when the distance from a single bar magnet and the distance from the magnet pole when a magnetic path gap is formed while making different magnetic poles face each other, are the same, the magnetic flux density in the magnetic path gap is remarkably higher, oxygen-enriched air inflow air port and a nitrogen-enriched air inflow port are arranged directly behind the magnetic path gap placed at a straight advance flow passage, the oxygen-enriched air is sucked with a blower or the like, and the nitrogen-enriched air is discharged with an exhauster. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an oxygen enrichment apparatus that creates oxygen enriched air using a magnetic field.

  It is widely known that the weight percentage concentration of oxygen gas contained in air at standard atmospheric pressure is about 21 percent and dissolves in water in proportion to the partial pressure of oxygen gas according to Henry's law, Since a large amount of air is required for the aeration treatment in the activated sludge method of organic wastewater and other aerobic biological treatment methods, a large amount of power for aeration has been conventionally required. Furthermore, when treating high-concentration organic wastewater by the activated sludge method or other aerobic biological treatment methods, there is a limit to the organic concentration that can be treated due to the limited solubility and dissolution rate of oxygen. An ultra-deep aeration system has been devised as a method to enable aerobic bio-oxidation treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater and to reduce a large amount of power consumption, but activated sludge and the like because it contains about 79% nitrogen in the air Nitrogen gas fine particles adhered to the suspended particles of the water caused obstacles to biological treatment liquid transport and solid-liquid separation operations. Therefore, oxygen gas from liquid oxygen has been used for aeration, but in order to produce liquid oxygen from air, it is possible to repeatedly compress and release heat several times at about 200 atm. It is necessary and requires transportation from the manufacturing plant location to the consumption area, which requires a large amount of power and transportation costs. Also, in the technical field of combustion devices and internal combustion engines, if the oxygen concentration in the air rises above 21%, the size of the blower can be further reduced, the power cost can be reduced, and the carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced. . The same applies to the production of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen. Therefore, it is disclosed that oxygen-enriched air is produced by utilizing a difference in magnetic susceptibility between oxygen and nitrogen by a super electric coil in a combustion air supply means (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Further, it is disclosed that magnetic field generating means for generating a magnetic field is provided in the internal space of the casing in which the rotor is built (see, for example, Patent Document 2). Further, it is disclosed that an oxygen enricher provided with an electromagnetic coil is connected to an air intake portion of a combustion device (see, for example, Patent Document 3). Further, a method is disclosed in which oxygen-enriched air is produced by arranging a magnetic conducting material at the coaxial center position of a ring-shaped magnet (see, for example, Patent Document 4). Also disclosed is a method for producing oxygen-enriched air by storing an electromagnet in a box-shaped body or bag-shaped body formed of an oxygen-enriched film (see, for example, Patent Document 5). In addition, in the technical field of aerobic biooxidation treatment of organic wastewater, an apparatus using the physical characteristics of oxygen and nitrogen molecules using an electromagnet or a permanent magnet has been filed (for example, Patent Document 6). .

JP-A-1-228563 JP-A-9-194201 JP 2000-054922 A JP 2001-348208 A JP2003-112908A JP 2005-118731 A

The percentage by weight of oxygen gas contained in air at standard atmospheric pressure is approximately 21%, but the oxygen gas content in the air should be increased in aeration operations in aerobic biological treatment or in air supply operations in various combustion. If it is possible, it can be expected that the power consumption cost is reduced, the oxygen solubility is improved and the processing efficiency is improved in the aeration operation, and the power consumption cost is reduced and the combustion efficiency is improved in the air supply operation. Therefore, it is a problem to effectively utilize the difference in physical properties between nitrogen and oxygen, which occupy most of the components contained in the air, and in particular, the magnetic property and the difference in mass and fluid properties.

  It is also a problem to effectively utilize most of the air flow path of the oxygen enrichment apparatus for the oxygen enrichment operation.

It is also a problem to efficiently separate oxygen and nitrogen in the air by magnetic force.

It is also a problem to make the oxygen enrichment device manufacturing work easy and reduce the manufacturing cost.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has a technical configuration as described below. A first aspect according to the present invention is a magnetic field type oxygen enricher provided in communication connection with an aeration air supply device such as a blower or a combustion device such as a boiler. In the oxygen enrichment apparatus, the front end of the air flow path portion is an air intake, and the oxygen-enriched air diverter and the nitrogen-enriched air diverter that distribute oxygen-enriched air and nitrogen-enriched air along the way An air diverting duct portion provided on the downstream side is disposed in the middle, and an oxygen-enriched air flow path portion having an end portion as an oxygen-enriched air outlet is disposed following the oxygen-enriched air diverting portion. It has a non-magnetic air supply duct in which a nitrogen-enriched air flow path portion having a nitrogen-enriched air delivery port as a terminal portion following the nitrogen-enriched air diverting portion is disposed, and at least from the air intake port A straight air flow path is formed up to the air shunt duct portion, and a magnetic path gap is formed immediately opposite to the upstream side of the air shunt duct portion by opposing the different magnetic poles of the magnetic field generating means. And the oxygen-enriched air outlet has a blower. Or oxygen-enriched apparatus constructed by connecting communicating exhaust fan in the nitrogen-enriched air outlet as well as communicated with an air blower.

  The number of combinations of opposing different types of magnetic poles may be one, and either two or three sets can be selected depending on the size of the air flow path and the size of the magnetic poles.

  As the magnetic field generating means, any of permanent magnets, electromagnets and superconducting coil electromagnets should be selected according to the required performance.

In addition, the selection of the quantity of the oxygen-enriched air diversion part and the nitrogen-enriched air diversion part in the air branch duct part is preferably in terms of performance and economy, and the number of the nitrogen-enriched air diversion part is preferably one. One or two parts can be selected. However, it does not exclude exceeding the above quantities.

  In the second aspect of the present invention, two or more sets of magnetic path gaps formed by facing different magnetic poles disposed immediately before the upstream side of the air shunt duct portion are arranged in series at a required interval. The slit is formed by the same kind of magnetic poles of adjacent magnetic pole pairs.

  Moreover, the 3rd aspect which concerns on this invention can also be made into a grid | lattice form or a mesh-shaped magnetic pole instead of the slit formed of the same kind magnetic pole of the said adjacent magnetic pole pair.

In a fourth aspect of the present invention, as a means for forming a group of magnetic poles of the same kind of magnetic pole pairs with a plurality of permanent magnets, the permanent magnets may be configured to be attracted and fixed to the same magnetic conductor having a required shape. I can do it.
(Function)

  The operation of the first problem solving means is as follows. That is, in the oxygen enrichment apparatus, the oxygen molecules of the paramagnetic material are magnetized on the magnetic pole opposite to the magnetic pole of the magnetic field generating means and receive an attractive force in the direction of the magnetic pole of the magnetic field generating means. A certain nitrogen molecule is magnetized to the same magnetic pole as the magnetic pole on the side facing the magnetic pole of the magnetic field generating means, and receives a repulsive force in the opposite direction of the magnetic pole of the magnetic field generating means. Oxygen molecules that come in the immediate vicinity of the magnetic pole are strongly attracted and move to the oxygen-enriched air diverting portion, while nitrogen molecules are strongly repelled and move to the nitrogen-enriched air diverting portion. In one oxygen-enriching device, it is preferable to select the direction in which the magnetic pole type of the magnetic pole pair of the magnetic field generating means is arranged in the same direction. The direction of arrangement is arbitrary. However, in one oxygen enricher, it is not impossible to select the direction in which the magnetic pole type of the magnetic pole pair of the magnetic field generating means is arranged in a different direction.

  As the magnetic field generating means, any of permanent magnets, electromagnets or superconducting electromagnets can be used, and there is no obstacle to selection other than economy and maintenance.

  When the magnetic pole of the magnetic field generating means and the target air flow are in direct contact with each other, the magnetic force acts greatly because the distance from the magnetic pole is reduced.

  In order to prevent re-mixing of the oxygen and nitrogen that are separated at different angles, the flow is preferably a laminar flow rather than a turbulent flow. Therefore, until the oxygen molecules reach the oxygen-enriched air branch, It is preferable that the flow path be straight until the nitrogen reaches the nitrogen-enriched air branch.

  Also, in a straight air flow path, even if the magnetic pole surface magnetic flux density is the same, the magnetic flux density when the N pole and S pole are opposed to each other at the same distance as the vertical distance from the bar magnet is much larger. When a magnetic path gap is formed by facing different magnetic poles just before the air flow upstream of the oxygen-enriched air inlet opening at the opening, oxygen molecules are strongly attracted and introduced into the oxygen-enriched air branch and nitrogen molecules are enriched with nitrogen Strong suction is introduced into the chemical air splitting section.

  The operation of the second problem solving means is as follows. That is, by arranging two or more sets of magnetic path gaps formed opposite to each other so as to face different types of magnetic poles disposed immediately upstream of the air shunt duct portion in series at a predetermined interval, the same kind of magnetic poles of adjacent magnetic pole pairs can be used. Through the formed slit, oxygen molecules can easily move to the oxygen-enriched air diverting portion, and a flow path for easily transferring nitrogen molecules to the nitrogen-enriched air diverting portion can be secured.

  The operation of the third problem solving means is as follows. That is, as a measure for ensuring a flow path for the oxygen molecules to move to the oxygen-enriched air diverting portion and for the nitrogen molecules to move to the nitrogen-enriched air diverting portion, a slit formed by the same kind of magnetic poles of the adjacent magnetic pole pairs. As an alternative to this, a lattice or mesh-shaped magnetic pole can be used to secure a flow path in which oxygen molecules easily move to the oxygen-enriched air diversion part and nitrogen molecules easily move to the nitrogen-enriched air diversion part.

  The fourth problem solving means can be manufactured by forming a group of the same kind of magnetic poles of a magnetic pole pair with a plurality of permanent magnets by attracting and fixing to the same magnetic conductor having a required shape. Positioning can be easily performed by a plurality of easy rod-like permanent magnets, and the configuration work can be advanced.

  Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects are exhibited.

  A straight air flow path is formed at least from the air intake port to the air shunt duct portion, and a magnetic path gap is formed opposite to the different magnetic poles immediately before the upstream side of the air shunt duct portion. Oxygen enrichment device that draws oxygen molecules powerfully and efficiently into the oxygen-enriched air branch by the strong magnetic force due to the magnetic path gap in addition to the inertial force effect due to the difference in mass between oxygen molecules and nitrogen molecules by forming Demonstrate the effect that can provide.

  In addition, two or more pairs of magnetic path gaps formed with different magnetic poles facing each other are arranged in series at a required interval, so that slits are formed by the same kind of magnetic poles of adjacent magnetic pole pairs, thereby oxygen molecules are enriched with oxygen-enriched air. The probability of sucking and introducing into the diverting duct portion is further increased, and the probability of sucking and introducing nitrogen molecules into the nitrogen-enriched air diverting duct portion is further increased.

  In addition, by replacing the slit formed by the same kind of magnetic poles of the above-mentioned adjacent magnetic pole pairs with a lattice-like or mesh-like magnetic pole, a flow path for allowing oxygen molecules to easily migrate to the oxygen-enriched air branching portion is secured. Since a flow path for easily transferring nitrogen molecules to the nitrogen-enriched air diverting section is secured, laminar flow is easily maintained, and the probability of sucking and introducing oxygen molecules into the oxygen-enriched air diverting duct section is further increased and nitrogen is increased. This has the effect of further increasing the probability of sucking and introducing molecules into the nitrogen-enriched air diversion duct. In addition, the structure is simplified and the manufacturing is facilitated.

  In addition, as a means for forming a group of magnetic poles of the same kind of magnetic pole pairs with a plurality of permanent magnets, it can be easily constructed with a plurality of rod-like permanent magnets that are easy to manufacture by being constructed by attracting and fixing to the same magnetic conductor having a required shape. Since the assembly work is performed after positioning, the production cost can be kept low.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The structure of the oxygen enricher 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4 showing the first embodiment. 2 is a blower that sucks in oxygen-enriched air, 3 is an exhauster that discharges nitrogen-enriched air, and the non-magnetic ducts are an air flow duct 4, an air diverter duct 5, and a nitrogen-enriched air duct 6 The oxygen-enriched airflow duct 7, the airflow duct 4 has an air intake 8 and is open to the atmosphere, and the nitrogen-enriched airflow duct 6 has a nitrogen-enriched air exhaust. An outlet 9 is connected to the exhaust fan 3, an oxygen-enriched air flow duct 7 has an oxygen-enriched air outlet 10, is connected to the blower 2, and is connected to the air distributor duct 5. The air flow duct 4 is connected to the upstream side of the air flow, and the nitrogen-enriched air flow duct 6 is connected to the downstream side of the air flow. The oxygen-enriched air inlet 11, which is the other end on the upstream side of the air flow of the liquefied air outlet 10, is connected to the air shunt. It is opened the nitrogen-enriched air inlet 12 to form the both open into the duct 5 and the air diverter duct 5 in the oxygen-enriched air stream section duct 7 to the air diverter duct 5. A magnetic path gap 14 is formed by facing the different magnetic poles of the two rod-shaped permanent magnets 13 immediately before the oxygen-enriched air inlet 11 on the upstream side of the air flow. The two rod-shaped permanent magnets 13 have the magnetic pole surfaces of the rod-shaped permanent magnets 13 positioned at the same position as the inner surface of the oxygen-enriched air flow duct 7 and penetrate the air diverter duct 5 to form the air. The shunting duct 5 is supported and fixed. Here, the portion where the rod-like permanent magnet 13 penetrates the air diverting part duct 5 is sealed to block air leakage inside and outside the air diverting part duct 5.

  The operation of the above configuration will be described below. When the total amount of nitrogen-enriched air discharged from the exhaust fan 3 and oxygen-enriched air discharged from the blower 2 is sucked from the air intake 8, the oxygen-enriched air is exhausted. The oxygen molecules attracted by the strong magnetic force by the magnetic path gap 14 formed by opposing the oxygen molecules in front of the air inlet 11 and the different magnetic poles of the two rod-shaped permanent magnets 13 flow into the oxygen-enriched air inlet 11. At the same time, nitrogen molecules excreted by a strong magnetic force generated by the magnetic path gap 14 formed by opposing the nitrogen molecules in front of the nitrogen-enriched air inlet 12 and the different magnetic poles of the two rod-shaped permanent magnets 13 are nitrogen-enriched air inlets. 12 flows in. The oxygen-enriched air is sent out by the blower 2 and the nitrogen-enriched air is discharged from the exhaust fan 3.

  In FIG. 5, one horseshoe-shaped permanent magnet 15 is disposed as an alternative to the two rod-shaped permanent magnets 13 in FIG.

  In FIG. 6, one horseshoe-shaped electromagnet 16 is provided as an alternative to the two rod-like permanent magnets 13 in FIG.

  7 and 8, two plate-like permanent magnets 17 are arranged in place of the two rod-like permanent magnets 13 in FIGS. 1 and 3, and the oxygen-enriched air section duct 7 is supported by a support 18. It is stuck to.

  In FIG. 9 showing the second embodiment, as an alternative to the two rod-like permanent magnets 13 in FIG. 3, three rod-like permanent magnets 19 are arranged on the one side at a required interval to form slits 20. Formed.

  In FIG. 10, as an alternative to the six rod-shaped permanent magnets 19 in FIG. 9, three plate-like permanent magnets 21 are arranged on one side at a required interval to form slits 22.

11, 12, 13, and 14, the nitrogen-enriched air duct 6 disposed outside in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 4 is disposed inside, and oxygen-enriched air disposed inside. The duct 7 is arranged on the outside, and two rows are provided from the oxygen-enriched air inlet 11 to the newly arranged manifold chamber 23, and one row is arranged from the manifold chamber 23 to the blower. Then, six plate-like permanent magnets 21 per row are formed in front of the two rows of the oxygen-enriched air inlets 11 on the upstream side of the air flow, three slits 22 are formed on one side, and different magnetic poles are opposed to each other. A path gap 14 is formed. Further, the six plate-like permanent magnets 21 per one row make the magnetic pole surface of the plate-like permanent magnet 21 the same position as the inner surface position of the oxygen-enriched air flow portion duct 7 and three of the six are permanent magnets. The air diverting part duct 5 passes through the air diverting part duct 5 and is fixedly supported by the air diverting part duct 5. Here, the plate permanent magnet 21 has a seal that blocks air leakage inside and outside of the air diverting portion duct 5 at a portion through which the air diverting portion duct 5 passes.
The non-magnetic duct is composed of an air flow duct 4, an air diversion duct 24, a nitrogen-enriched air stream duct 25, and an oxygen-enriched air stream duct 26, and the air flow duct 4 has an air intake port. 8 is opened to the atmosphere, the nitrogen-enriched airflow duct 25 has a nitrogen-enriched air outlet 9 and is connected to the exhaust fan 3, and is connected to the oxygen-enriched airflow duct 26 B. Has an oxygen-enriched air discharge port 10 and is connected in communication with the blower 2, the air flow duct 4 on the upstream side of the air flow duct 24 and the oxygen enrichment on the downstream side of the air flow. An air flow part duct 26A is connected in communication, and the nitrogen-enriched air inlet 27, which is the other upstream side of the nitrogen-enriched air outlet 9 of the nitrogen-enriched air stream duct 25, is connected to the air. The air diverting part duct 24 is open to the diverting part duct 24 and It is opened the serial nitrogen-enriched air stream of the two positions formed by the duct 25 oxygen-enriched air inlet 28 to the air diverter duct 5. The magnetic path gap 14 is formed by attaching the different magnetic poles of the six plate-like permanent magnets 21 to one place just before the upstream side of the air flow of the oxygen-enriched air inlet 28 at two places. . The six plate-like permanent magnets 21 have the magnetic pole surfaces of the plate-like permanent magnets 21 at the same positions as the inner surface positions of the oxygen-enriched airflow portion duct 26 and the nitrogen-enriched airflow portion duct 25. At the same time, it passes through the air diverting part duct 24 and is fixedly supported to the air diverting part duct 24. Here, the portion where the plate-like permanent magnet 21 penetrates the air diverting part duct 24 is sealed to block air leakage inside and outside the air diverting part duct 24.

  The operation of the above configuration will be described below. When the total amount of the nitrogen-enriched air discharged from the exhaust fan 3 and the oxygen-enriched air discharged from the blower 2 is sucked from the air intake 8, the air drawn into the air diverting part duct 5 becomes two places. By the strong magnetic force by the magnetic path gap 14 formed by opposing the oxygen molecules in front of the oxygen-enriched air inlet 28 and the different magnetic poles of the six plate-like permanent magnets 21 at one location of the oxygen-enriched air inlet 28. The sucked oxygen molecules flow into the oxygen-enriched air inlet 28, and at the same time, the nitrogen molecules in front of the nitrogen-enriched air inlet 27 and the six plate-shaped permanent magnets 21 at different locations of the oxygen-enriched air inlet 28 are different. Nitrogen molecules excreted by a strong magnetic force by the magnetic path gap 14 formed so as to face the magnetic poles flow into the nitrogen-enriched air inlet 27. Oxygen-enriched air is sent out by the blower 2, and nitrogen-enriched air is discharged by the exhaust fan 3.

  15, 16 and 17, two lattice plate-like permanent magnets 29 </ b> A and 29 </ b> B are arranged in place of the six plate-like permanent magnets 21 in FIG. 10.

  In FIG. 18 and FIG. 19 showing the fourth embodiment, seven plate-like permanent magnets 31 are attracted and fixed to two lattice plate-like conductors 30A and 30B, respectively.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the oxygen enrichment apparatus which shows a 1st Example. It is sectional drawing which follows the AA line of FIG. It is sectional drawing which follows the BB line of FIG. It is sectional drawing which follows the CC line of FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a horseshoe-shaped permanent magnet as an alternative to the rod-shaped permanent magnet 13 of FIG. 3. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a horseshoe electromagnet as an alternative to the rod-shaped permanent magnet 13 of FIG. 3. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the oxygen enrichment apparatus made into the plate-shaped permanent magnet 17 instead of the rod-shaped permanent magnet 13 of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the oxygen enrichment apparatus made into the plate-shaped permanent magnet 17 instead of the rod-shaped permanent magnet 13 of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the oxygen enrichment apparatus made into the six rod-shaped permanent magnets 19 instead of the two rod-shaped permanent magnets 13 of FIG. 3 which shows a 2nd Example. FIG. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an oxygen enrichment device including six plate-shaped permanent magnets 21 as an alternative to the six rod-shaped permanent magnets 13 of FIG. 9. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the oxygen enrichment apparatus which made the oxygen enriched air inflow port 28 two places. It is sectional drawing which follows the DD line | wire of FIG. It is sectional drawing which follows the EE line of FIG. It is sectional drawing which follows the FF line of FIG. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view in which two lattice plate-like permanent magnets 29 are arranged as an alternative to the six plate-like permanent magnets 21 in FIG. 10. It is sectional drawing which follows the GG line of FIG. It is sectional drawing which follows the HH line | wire of FIG. It is a front view which shows a 3rd Example. It is a directional arrow line view on the II line of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1 Oxygen enrichment device 2 Blower
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 Air exhauster 4 Air flow part duct 5, 24 Air diversion part duct 6, 25 Nitrogen-enriched air flow part duct 7, 26A, 26B Oxygen-enriched air flow part duct 8 Air intake 9 Nitrogen-enriched air exhaust 10 Oxygen Enriched air outlet 11, 28 Oxygen-enriched air inlet 12, 27 Nitrogen-enriched air inlet 13, 19 Rod-shaped permanent magnet 14 Magnetic path gap 15 Horseshoe-shaped permanent magnet 16 Horseshoe-shaped electromagnet 17, 21, 31 Plate-shaped permanent magnet 18 Support tool 20, 22 Slit 23 Manifold chamber 29A, 29B Lattice plate-like permanent magnet 30A, 30B Lattice plate-like magnetic conductor Lattice plate-like magnetic conductor

Claims (4)

An air flow passage portion that is continuously integrated with the air intake port, an oxygen-enriched air flow passage that is placed downstream of the air flow passage portion at the end of the air flow passage portion and is connected in communication with the air flow passage portion; A non-magnetic body duct that is composed of a nitrogen-enriched air flow path and at least straight from the air intake port to the air diversion duct portion, and a magnetic path with opposite magnetic poles facing the air flow upstream side of the diversion means Forming a gap, forming an air flow path, and connecting an air supply means such as a blower or a blower to the oxygen-enriched air flow outlet of the oxygen-enriched air flow path, and communicating the nitrogen-enriched air flow An oxygen-enriching apparatus characterized in that a ventilating means is disposed downstream of the nitrogen-enriched air outlet of the road and connected in communication. A slit is formed by the same kind of magnetic poles of adjacent magnetic pole pairs by serially arranging two or more pairs of magnetic path gaps formed by facing different magnetic poles arranged just before the upstream side of the air shunt duct part at the required intervals. The oxygen-enriching apparatus according to claim 1, wherein 2. The oxygen enrichment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a magnetic path gap and an air flow path are formed by facing different magnetic poles in a lattice shape or mesh shape on the upstream side of the air flow of the flow dividing means. A plurality of permanent magnets are attracted and fixed to the same magnetic conductor having a slit-like or lattice-like required shape to form the same kind of magnetic pole group of the magnetic pole pairs. The oxygen-enriching apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen-enriching device is constructed by attracting and fixing to a same magnetic conductor having a required shape.

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