JP2007260778A - Hot forging equipment, method for manufacturing forged product and forged product - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hot forging equipment which has a higher degree of freedom in profile design than ever and enables manufacture of a forged product less susceptible to such troubles as mechanical strength degradation and stress corrosion cracking at a low cost. <P>SOLUTION: The hot forging equipment 11 comprises a forging machine detachably provided with two or more process units 13 in the same, a plurality of heaters to heat metal dies of each process unit 13, a plurality of thermocouples to detect temperature of each process unit 13, a non-contact type thermometer to detect temperature of the forged product, and a die temperature control unit to control the plurality of heaters based on output of the non-contact type thermometer and the plurality of thermocouples. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  In this invention, two or more selected including the same kind from hot closed forging, hot closed forging, hot drilling forging, and hot double acting forging are carried out in the same forging apparatus (forging means) and forged products. The present invention relates to a hot forging device, a forged product manufacturing method, and a forged product.

  Conventionally, in hot forging using a non-ferrous metal forging machine (crank press, knuckle press, hydraulic press, servo press, etc.), if the material (forging material) is an aluminum (Al) alloy, for example, an aluminum alloy Is forged by heating to 350 ° C. to 550 ° C. forging.

  In the case of hot forging described above, after hot forging, extra burrs other than the forged product shape are discharged around the forged product shape together with the forged product shape, and all the materials become forged products. It can be divided into hot closed forging, hot closed forging, and hot double acting forging.

In the conventional hot closed forging, hot closed forging, hot drilling forging, and hot double acting forging, a single forging machine (for example, a pressurizing capacity of 1000 tf or less) alone (a pair of upper and lower molds) Forged products are manufactured by the process unit (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
In addition, when forming a material into a complicated shape, hot double-action forging is performed. In this hot double-action forging, an auxiliary mechanism such as a slider mechanism or a link mechanism is provided in a single-action press. Thus, two or more operations can be performed in one process, but one process unit is arranged in one forging machine (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
When heating the upper and lower molds, a heater and a thermocouple are installed in each mold, and each control unit independently adjusts the temperature of each mold based on the output of each thermocouple.

Japanese Patent No. 2518658 JP 2005-103629 A

In recent years, vehicle parts development has been increasing due to environmental problems and fuel efficiency regulations, for example, parts produced by aluminum alloy die casting, such as housings and covers, instead of conventional iron materials for weight reduction. .
However, since housings, covers and the like used as automobile parts have complicated product shapes that are unsuitable for conventional forging techniques, they cannot be manufactured at low cost by hot forging.

In addition, in the case of hot deburring forging in which complicated products such as housings and covers as automobile parts are manufactured by forging, as described in Patent Document 1, one set (a pair of upper and lower metal plates in the same forging device). Die) Forging is performed with the above molds placed, but since a process of trimming excess burrs around the forged product after hot forging is required, the work process is increased and the material yield is increased. Since it worsened, there existed a problem that the manufacturing cost of a forged product became high.
In addition, since trim marks (shear surface, fracture surface) remain in the forged product, quality defects such as stress corrosion cracking may occur depending on the material composition.
Further, in the vicinity of the parting line for discharging burrs in the forged product, the plastic flow amount of the material is large during forging, crystal grain coarsening occurs, and mechanical strength may be reduced.

  On the other hand, in the conventional hot closed forging and hot closed forging, as shown in the flow chart of FIG. 13 (b), one set (upper and lower pair) in one forging machine (for example, pressurizing capacity 1000tf or less). After placing the process unit of (forming mold), heating the material or rough material and hot forging multiple times to obtain a forged product, the number of heating increases, and multiple molds Since it has to be replaced once, there is a problem that the production cost becomes high.

  In addition, heaters and thermocouples are installed in each die, and each control unit independently controls the temperature of each die based on the output of each thermocouple, so from the start of forging to when forging is stable During the process, or when returning from a stop due to forging trouble, the temperature variation of each die is large, and the variation in the finished temperature of the forged product is also large, so the dimensional accuracy is not stable and the forging lubrication performance is not stable. In some cases, forging defects such as galling and seizure occurred in the product.

In addition, there is a method of mass production with a forging machine dedicated to each process in order to manufacture products having complicated shapes such as housings and covers as automobile parts.
However, the recent car model changes tend to have a shorter life cycle than before, so the products have also changed from mass production to high-mix low-volume production. Recovering equipment costs becomes difficult.
In addition, when transporting coarse materials between dedicated forging machines, the temperature of the coarse materials decreases significantly, and the temperature of the coarse materials also varies, so the coarse materials must be reheated by a heating furnace during forging. was there.

Further, in the conventional double-action forging in which one process unit is arranged in one forging machine (for example, a pressure capacity of 1000 tf or less), a predetermined forged product is obtained by subjecting the material to one double-action forging. Since the material must be molded simultaneously from the top, bottom, left, and right directions, the metal flow during molding becomes complicated, forging defects such as sink marks, wrinkles, and fogging occur, and burrs and the like occur on the outer periphery of the forged product There was a problem to do.
In addition, as the forged product becomes more complicated, a larger offset load may be applied to the slider mechanism and the link mechanism, which causes a problem in terms of durability of the auxiliary mechanism.

  This invention was made in view of the above-mentioned situation, and as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 13 (a), after heating the material once, hot sealed forging, hot closed forging, hot drilling forging, By implementing two or more selected from the hot double-acting forging in the same forging machine, the design shape is more flexible than before, and there are problems such as mechanical strength degradation and stress corrosion cracking. The present invention provides a hot forging device, a forged product manufacturing method, and a forged product manufactured by the manufacturing method capable of manufacturing a forged product that is less prone to generation.

In this specification, “hot sealed forging” is a forging method in which the product space of the tool for pressing the raw material or the rough material in the process unit does not change during the molding (the upper and lower mold parts do not operate while being fixed). Means.
And "hot closed forging" means that the product space in the mold changes during forging after the material space or the rough material is once filled in the mold space while pressing the material or the rough material in the process unit. Forging method (Upper and lower mold parts move in the same direction as the forging pressurization direction by air, hydraulic pressure, and spring, or the mold that receives the pressure of the raw material or rough material moves in the same direction as the forging pressurization direction) Means.
Further, “hot drilling forging” means a forging method in which a hole penetrating a material or a rough material is formed.
Furthermore, “hot double-action forging” means that when a material or a rough material is formed into a complicated shape, an auxiliary mechanism such as a slider mechanism or a link mechanism is provided in a single-action press (for example, a pressurizing capacity of 1000 tf or less). By providing, it means a forging method in which two or more operations (directions different from the forging machine pressurizing direction) can be performed in one step (one cycle operation of the forging machine).
Further, “standby” means that a raw material, a rough material, or a forged product is not forged and is kept on standby.
Next, the “material” means a forging material that has not been forged.
The “coarse material” means an intermediate product that has been subjected to at least one forging process, but is not a forged product to be formed.
Further, the “forged product” means a final product in which the shape to be formed is obtained by forging.

The present invention is as follows.
(1) Corresponding to the forging products to be formed, selected from the hot sealed forging process unit, the hot closed forging process unit, the hot drilling forging process unit, and the hot double-acting forging process unit. Forgings to be formed, including one or more process units, or the same type selected from hot sealed forging process units, hot closed forging process units, hot drilling forging process units, and hot double-acting forging process units Two or more process units corresponding to the product, a forging means in which one standby process unit is detachably incorporated in the same forging machine, and a plurality of mold heating means for heating the molds of each process unit; A plurality of mold temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the mold of each process unit, a forged product temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the forged product, the forged product temperature detecting means and the plurality of molds Hot forging apparatus characterized by based on the output of the time detection means comprises a mold temperature control means for controlling a plurality of mold heating means.
(2) The hot forging device according to (1), wherein a cycle in which a rough material or a forged product is conveyed from an upstream process unit to a downstream process unit and forged is within 10 seconds.
(3) The hot forging device as set forth in (1) or (2), wherein a transfer means for taking out the rough material or the forged product from the upstream process unit and setting it in the downstream process unit is provided.
(4) The hot forging device according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein a lubricant spraying means for spraying a set amount of lubricant is provided on the mold surface of the process unit. .
(5) The hot forging device according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the material is aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
(6) Hot forging according to any one of (1) to (5), characterized in that a discharge means for discharging the metal pieces generated from the hot drilling forging process unit to the outside of the forging means is provided. apparatus.
(7) storage means for preliminarily storing as a part of combination information corresponding to the forged product the temperature control conditions set in the mold temperature control means of each process unit corresponding to the forged product to be formed; , Process unit stocking means for preliminarily providing each process unit, process unit transfer means for taking out the process unit from the process unit stock means, moving to the mounting position of each process unit and setting the process unit, and storage means The hot forging according to any one of (1) to (6), further comprising: a process unit transfer control unit that controls the process unit transfer unit based on the combination information stored by apparatus.
(8) Using the hot forging device according to any one of (1) to (7), selecting a process unit according to the shape of the forged product to be formed, and manufacturing the forged product in combination A forged product manufacturing method characterized.
(9) A forged product manufactured by the forged product manufacturing method according to (8).

According to the invention of (1), the forging to be formed is selected including the same kind from a hot sealed forging process unit, a hot closed forging process unit, a hot drilling forging process unit, and a hot double-acting forging process unit. Two or more process units corresponding to the product are selected, or the same type is selected from the hot sealed forging process unit, the hot closed forging process unit, the hot drilling forging process unit, and the hot double action forging process unit. In addition, two or more process units corresponding to the forged products to be formed, a forging means in which one standby process unit is detachably incorporated in the same forging machine, and a plurality of molds for heating the molds of each process unit Mold heating means, a plurality of mold temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the mold of each process unit, a forged product temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the forged product, and the forged product temperature detecting means And a mold temperature control means for controlling the plurality of mold heating means based on the outputs of the plurality of mold temperature detection means, so that two or more process units are attached in combination in the same forging means. As a result, a forged product with a complicated shape can be obtained at low cost from a material heated once, and a forged product can be obtained without going through a trim process. It can be obtained inexpensively.
Further, since the forged product does not generate stress corrosion cracking or coarse crystal grains, stress corrosion cracking and mechanical strength are not reduced, and a complicated forged product with good internal quality can be obtained.
Moreover, since a process unit can be exchanged according to a forged product having a complicated shape without requiring a dedicated machine when producing a small variety of products, an inexpensive forged product can be obtained efficiently.
In addition, since the process unit can be exchanged according to a forged product having a complicated shape, and forging can be performed sequentially while controlling the metal flow, a forged product having a complicated shape that does not cause sink marks or fogging can be obtained.
Moreover, since the temperature of the forged product in the manufacturing process which could not be performed conventionally can be monitored, a quality defect due to a temperature abnormality of the forged product can be detected early.
In addition, the mold temperature of each process unit can be adjusted while controlling the pattern while measuring the temperature of the forged product, so the dimensional accuracy of the forged product is stable, and the forged product is galvanized and seized. It is possible to prevent appearance defects such as the above and internal quality defects early.
In addition, when a forged product is formed from a raw material by one forging, the die life may be significantly shortened depending on the shape of the forged product. However, since the forged product is formed by dividing the forging process into multiple times, The mold life can be extended.
According to the invention of (2), since the cycle of forging the rough material or the forged product from the upstream process unit to the downstream process unit is within 10 seconds, the forged product temperature drop during forging in the final process is reduced. Since the temperature variation can be reduced, the dimensional accuracy and hole (hole) dimensional accuracy of the forged product can be improved, and the temperature control by the mold heating means can be more reliably realized.
According to the invention of (3), since the transfer means for taking out the rough material or the forged product from the upstream process unit and setting it in the downstream process unit is provided, safety can be improved and labor can be saved. An inexpensive forged product can be obtained.
In addition, when the forging machine operates for one cycle, forging can be performed for the number of process units at a time, so that an inexpensive forged product can be obtained.
According to the invention of (4), since the lubricant spraying means for spraying a set amount of lubricant is provided on the surface of the mold of the process unit, labor saving can be achieved, and therefore an inexpensive forged product can be obtained. Can do.
In addition, if the ratio of the surface area of the material to the surface area of the forged product is too large, seizure occurs between the new surface that appears due to forging that greatly deforms the material and the mold, and therefore a lubricant is sprayed on each process unit. By forging while, galling or the like hardly occurs on the surface of the forged product.
According to the invention of (5), since the material is aluminum or an aluminum alloy, a forged product of aluminum or an aluminum alloy can be obtained.
According to the invention of (6), since the discharge means for discharging the metal piece (waste material) generated from the hot hole forging process unit to the outside of the forging means (forging device, forging machine) is provided, it is discharged from the discharging means. By collecting the metal pieces in one place, the metal pieces (waste materials) can be reused, and an inexpensive forged product can be obtained.
According to the invention of (7), each process unit corresponding to the forging product to be molded and the temperature control conditions set in the mold temperature control means of each process unit are part of the combination information corresponding to the forging product. Storage means for storing in advance, process unit stock means for storing each process unit in advance, process unit transfer for taking out the process unit from the process unit stock means, moving to the mounting position of each process unit, and setting the process unit Since the mounting means and the process unit transfer control means for controlling the process unit transfer means based on the combination information stored in the storage means are provided, the process unit (die) can be replaced when the forged product to be produced is changed. If this process time can be reduced and the frequency of replacement of process units (die) is increased due to low-volume, high-mix production, process unit It is possible to respond quickly to the door (mold) replacement frequency.
In addition, by reducing the time required to replace process units (molds), it is possible to reduce the impact on the production quantity per unit time, increase the variety and production quantity to be produced, and lower production costs. Can be.
According to the invention of (8), the hot forging device according to any one of (1) to (7) is used, the process unit is selected according to the shape of the forged product to be formed, and the forged product is combined. Therefore, a forged product having a complicated shape can be obtained at a low cost.
(9) Since the forged product is manufactured by the forged product manufacturing method described in (8), a forged product having a complicated shape can be obtained.

  The material used for this invention (forging material) is a cast ingot material cast by a known casting method, a cast billet material, a material manufactured by the SHOWA PROCESS method (for continuous casting round bar material for forging) Or a material obtained by extruding the material (cast ingot material, cast billet material, continuous casting round bar material for forging), etc., and the volume of the forged product or the forged product A cut product cut into the same volume as the total volume of the metal pieces removed by the drilling step is used as an example.

As the metal material used in the processes of hot closed forging, hot closed forging, hot drilling forging, and hot double acting forging in this invention, aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), and these are mainly used. Mention may be made of alloys as components.
As an aluminum alloy, an Al—Mg—Si alloy, an Al—Cu alloy, an Al—Si alloy, an Al—Zn—Mg alloy, and the like can be given.

The aluminum alloy used in the present invention is a cut product obtained by cutting a round bar material (for example, a SHOTIC material) continuously cast by a gas pressure hot top casting method, and has excellent internal soundness and crystal grains. Is fine, and there is no crystal grain anisotropy due to plastic working, which is more preferable.
Moreover, the extrusion raw material of the cast billet which casted the aluminum alloy as a raw material, the cutting material of a drawing material, the cutting material from a cast lump, etc. can be used.

  In this invention, it is made to correspond to the forging product to be formed selected including the same kind from the hot sealed forging process unit, the hot closed forging process unit, the hot drilling forging process unit, and the hot double action forging process unit. Two or more process units, or selected from hot sealed forging process units, hot closed forging process units, hot drilling forging process units, hot double-acting forging process units, including the same type, Two or more process units corresponding to forged products, forging means in which one standby process unit is detachably incorporated in the same forging machine, and a plurality of mold heating means for heating the molds of each process unit A plurality of mold temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the mold of each process unit; a forged product temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the forged product; In the hot forging device provided with the mold temperature control means for controlling the plurality of mold heating means based on the output of the mold temperature detection means, the above-mentioned material is forged at least twice, A forged product can be obtained.

The forging pressurization direction in the hot closed forging or hot closed forging in this invention is perpendicular to the material cut surface.
When the forging pressurization direction is parallel to the material cut surface, forging defects such as fogging occur due to the plastic flow speed and plastic flow direction of the raw material or crude material during hot closed forging or hot closed forging. Is not preferable.
In the hot drilling forging according to the present invention, the metal pieces after the holes parallel to the forging pressurization direction are discharged out of the forging means (forging apparatus) through the discharge path (discharge means).
In the hot double-action forging according to the present invention, the pressing direction perpendicular to the forging pressing direction is one mechanism in one process unit.
And when the process perpendicular | vertical to a forge pressurization direction is n or more places, suppose that it pressurizes with an n process unit.
Further, simultaneously with the forging pressurization, the pressurization may be performed only in the direction perpendicular to the forging pressurization direction without being pressurized in the direction perpendicular to the forge pressurization direction.
Note that the mold in the pressing direction perpendicular to the forging pressing direction is controlled by a link mechanism, a slider mechanism, a hydraulic mechanism, or the like.
However, when carrying out hot double-action forging using a link mechanism or slider mechanism, always use at least two process units, and implement a forging process design that does not overload the link mechanism, slider mechanism, and hydraulic mechanism.
In the standby process in the present invention, the temperature of the raw material, the rough material, or the forged product is hardly lowered.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a schematic configuration of a hot forging device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, at least two or more guides are provided between a lower plate 12a and an upper plate 12b that are clamped in one forging machine (not shown) constituting the hot forging device (forging means) 11. A post 12c is provided.
The lower plate 12a and the upper plate 12b are structured such that at least two or more process units 13 selected from the above-mentioned five kinds of process units 13 can be attached and detached.
The hot forging device 11 shown in FIG. 1 has a configuration in which three process units 13 can be installed.
If there are two process units 13, the above-described standby process unit is excluded from the selection.

A lubricant spraying device (lubricant spraying means) 14 for spraying the lubricant onto the forging die of each process unit 13 is attached to the lower plate 12a and / or the upper plate 12b.
Further, an auxiliary lubricant spraying device (lubricant spraying means) 14A is fixed to a transfer (transfer mechanism, transfer means) 15 capable of three-dimensional position control by a servo motor.
The transfer 15 clamps the material and transports it into the hot forging device 11, clamps the material, rough material or forged product and transports it between the process units 13, or transfers the forged product outside the hot forging device 11. Carry.
Moreover, when conveying a complicated forged product etc., an industrial general purpose robot (transfer means) may be installed in each process unit 13, and a forged product etc. may be moved with this industrial general purpose robot.
Further, the rough material and the forged product are discharged from the mold by the knockout mechanism of the forging machine.

Each process unit 13 is provided with a heater (mold heating means) (not shown) that can heat the upper and lower molds.
Each heater outputs the outputs of a plurality of thermocouples (mold temperature detecting means) for detecting the temperature of the mold attached to each process unit 13 and, for example, discharges (takes out) from the final process unit 13. Heating control is performed by a mold temperature control device (die temperature control means) based on a detection temperature result of a non-contact thermometer (forging product temperature detection means) that detects the temperature of the forged product.

In FIG. 1, only the lubricant sprayers 14 and 14A corresponding to the central process unit 13 are illustrated, and those corresponding to the left and right process units 13 are not illustrated.
Also, a non-contact thermometer that measures the temperature of the forged product discharged from the last process unit 13 is not shown.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of the heater.
In FIG. 2, separate heaters are shown on the left side and the right side.
In FIG. 2, the heater (die heating means) 17 is located near the ring heater 17 a wound around the outer periphery of the die 31 determined by the size of the forged product, the material to be forged and pressed, or the rough material. In addition, a rod heater 17b or the like embedded in the die 31 is used.

FIG. 3A is an explanatory view showing a state in which a material, a rough material, or a forged product is clamped by a transfer holder, and FIG. 3B is a diagram in which the material, the rough material, or the forged product clamped by a holder is moved between process units. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state stopped by.
In FIG. 3, the transfer 15 includes a holder 15 a that clamps and conveys a raw material, a rough material, or a forged product 42.

  When the raw material, the rough material or the forged product 42 is clamped by the holder 15a of the transfer 15 and it is confirmed that the forging machine is at the top dead center, the forging lubricant set from each lubricant spraying device 14A is supplied to each process unit. Spray to 13 upper and lower molds.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing an example of a lubricant spraying apparatus capable of spraying a lubricant onto the side surface of the upper mold.
The lubricant spraying device (lubricant spraying means) 14B shown in FIG. 4 is formed on the side surface of the upper mold 32 when the forged product has a cup shape and the inner surface of the cup is molded by the upper mold (punch) 32. Spray the lubricant.

  After the lubricant is sprayed on the mold, the raw material, the rough material, or the forged product moved between the process units is put into the lower mold of the next process unit by transfer.

A forging cycle time in which a raw material, a rough material, or a forged product is taken out of a mold, sprayed with a lubricant, the rough material is put into the next process unit, forged, and the rough material or the forged product is taken out from the die. Use a transfer that can be transported within 10 seconds.
In addition, you may arrange | position the industrial general purpose robot which can convey a raw material, a rough material, or a forged product from a process unit to a process unit in 1 cycle within 10 seconds as a transfer means.

FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a process unit that performs hot hermetic forging.
In FIG. 5, in the hot sealed forging unit 13A, a punch 51, a die 52, a bush 53, a knock 54, and a knock pin 55 are assembled to a holder (not shown) together with accessory parts (not shown).
The die 52 and the bush 53 constituting the lower mold of the hot sealed forging unit 13A are fixed without moving during forging.
The raw material or the rough material 41 is forged by the punch 51, discharged from the die 52 by the knock 54 pushed by the knock pin 55, and clamped by transfer.

6 (a) and 6 (b) are schematic configuration diagrams of a process unit that performs hot closed forging.
In FIG. 6, the hot closed forging process unit 13B includes a punch 61, a die 62, a bush 63, a closing mechanism 64, a knock 65, and a knock pin 66 together with accessory parts not shown. It is assembled to.
The die 62 and the bush 63 constituting the lower mold of the hot closed forging unit 13B are fixed without moving during forging.
The closing mechanism 64 is applied with a force in the direction opposite to the forging pressurization by a spring, gas, or hydraulic pressure.
That is, the closing mechanism 64 is provided with a spring mechanism, a gas pressure mechanism, a hydraulic mechanism, or the like so as to generate a force (back pressure) in a direction opposite to the forging pressurization direction, and the back pressure is transferred to the mold or It is a mechanism for urging the material or the rough material 41.
In the middle of forging by the upper and lower molds, as shown in FIG. 6A, after the raw material or the rough material 41 is filled in the upper and lower molds, the raw material or the rough material 41 is further forged and pressurized, When the forging pressure in the direction opposite to the forging pressure becomes larger than the forging pressure of the closing mechanism 64, the closing mechanism 64 moves in the forging pressure direction via the material or the rough material 41.
That is, while the back pressure of the closing mechanism 64 is larger than the forging pressurization, the closing mechanism 64 is filled with the raw material or the rough material 41 while being held at a predetermined position, and the forging pressurization is performed by the back pressure of the closing mechanism 64. When it becomes larger, the entire closing mechanism 64 is pushed downward in FIG. 6B by the forging pressure, and the raw material or the rough material 41 is filled while moving.
By using this hot closed forging unit 13B in combination with the temperature pattern control of the present invention, even if the hot closed forging unit 13B is arranged during a plurality of forming steps, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of molding defects such as undercutting. it can.
The rough material or the forged product 41 which has been forged at the bottom dead center of the forging machine is discharged from the die 62 by the knock 65 pushed by the knock pin 66 and clamped by transfer.

FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of a process unit for carrying out hot hole forging.
In FIG. 7, the hot drilling forging process unit 13 </ b> C has a punch 71, a die 72, a knock 73, and a knock pin 74 assembled to a holder (not shown) together with an accessory (not shown) to generate holes. It comprises a discharge path (discharge means) 76 for discharging a metal piece (waste material) to the outside of the forging machine.
A metal piece (waste material) generated by drilling in the hot hole forging process unit 13 </ b> C is a discharge path 76 and a discharge path (discharge means) provided in the forging machine so as to be connected to the discharge path 76. And discharged to the outside of the hot forging device.
The raw material or the rough material 41 that has been forged at the bottom dead center of the forging machine is discharged from the die 72 by the knock 73 pushed by the knock pin 74 and clamped by transfer.

FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram of a process unit that performs hot double-action forging.
In FIG. 8, the hot double-action forging process unit 13D includes a punch 81, a die 82, a bush 83, a knock 84, a knock pin 85, a double-action punch 86, and a buffer mechanism 87, which are not shown. It is assembled together with the parts to a holder (not shown).
The die 82 and the bush 83 constituting the lower mold of the hot-closed forging unit 13D are fixed without moving during forging.
The punch 81 is pressed against the lower mold via a buffer mechanism 87 configured by a spring, a gas pressure mechanism, a hydraulic mechanism, or the like, or a combination thereof.
The plastic flow of the material or the rough material 41 in the direction perpendicular to the forging pressure direction can be controlled by the double-action punch 86 that operates in a direction perpendicular to the forging pressure direction by a hydraulic mechanism, a link mechanism, or a slider mechanism.
By using this hot double-action forging unit 13D in combination with the temperature pattern control of the present invention, even if the hot double-action forging unit 13D is arranged during a plurality of forming steps, the occurrence of molding defects such as undercutting is suppressed. be able to.
The raw material or the rough material 41 forged by the forging machine at the bottom dead center is discharged from the die 82 by the knock 84 pushed by the knock pin 85 and clamped by the transfer.

FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 9C are schematic configuration diagrams of other process units that perform hot double-action forging.
In FIG. 9, a hot double-action forging process unit 13E includes a punch 91, a die 92, a housing 93 for guiding the vertical movement of the die 92, and a cylinder 94 installed on the lower side of the housing 93. A pressure receiving plate 95 placed on a cylinder 94 in the housing 93 and attached to the upper side of the pressure receiving plate 95 or integrally provided on the upper side of the pressure receiving plate 95, and enters the molding space of the die 92. A pin 96, a hydraulic plate 97 guided by the cylinder 94 in the vertical direction, a closing mechanism 98 for supporting the hydraulic plate 97 with a back pressure in a direction opposite to the forging direction by hydraulic pressure, and a plurality of pressure receiving plates 95. A plurality of die pins 99 that pass through the holes and support the dice 92 on the hydraulic plate 97 are assembled to a holder (not shown) together with accessory parts (not shown).
The housing 93, the cylinder 94, the pressure receiving plate 95, and the pin 96 constituting the hot double-action forging unit 13E are fixed without moving during forging.

As shown in FIG. 9A, when the closing mechanism 98 operates, the die 92 is moved to the forging start position (for example, a fixed position above the die position at the press bottom dead center via the hydraulic plate 97 and the die spin 99. ).
Then, when the raw material or coarse material 41 is put into the die 92, the raw material or coarse material 41 is positioned by the position of the die 92.
At this time, when the back pressure of the closing mechanism 98 is sufficient to support the die 92, the die spin 99, the material or the rough material 41, the material or the rough material 41 is supported by the die 92 above the pin 96. .
Then, when the forging machine is operated, the punch 91 presses the die 92 through the raw material or the rough material 41, and the pressing force of the punch 91 becomes larger than the force of supporting the hydraulic plate 97. FIG. 9 (b) to 9 (b), the die 92 pushes down the hydraulic plate 97 via the die spin 99, and the die 92 is lowered until the die 92 reaches the bottom dead center of the punch 91 that contacts the pressure receiving plate 95. Move to the side.
As a result, the raw material or the rough material 41 flows in the forming space formed by the punch 91, the die 92, the pressure receiving plate 95, and the pin 96 while the forming proceeds, and the perforated product can be stably formed.
The raw material or rough material 41 forged by the forging machine at the bottom dead center is discharged from the die 92 by a knock pushed by a knock pin (not shown) and clamped by transfer.

If the back pressure of the closing mechanism 98 is insufficient to support the die 92, the die spin 99, the material or the rough material 41 when the material or the rough material 41 is put into the die 92, FIG. As shown, the material or coarse material 41 is directly supported by pins 96.
If forging is performed in this state, a forging load is applied to the pin 96 and the pin 96 may be broken. Therefore, it is difficult to form a perforated product in the set state of FIG. It is not preferable to mold.

This hot double-acting forging process unit 13E utilizes a part of the hydraulic pressure of the closing mechanism 98 and holds the die 92 upward before forging starts (for example, a constant above the die position at the press bottom dead center). The position of the die 92 is controlled by a pin or the like at the position), and by moving the die 92 to the die position at the press bottom dead center in the same direction as the forging pressurizing direction during forging, the position of the forging material and the forged product It is also possible to control the plastic flow in a complicated manner.
Further, according to the shape and application of the forged product, for example, by changing the hydraulic pressure, the downward movement speed of the die 92 is changed, for example, in conjunction with the crank angle of the press (that is, By changing the movement speed of the die 92 by changing the hydraulic pressure (in conjunction with the lowering position of the mold and in conjunction with the molding process), plastic flow of more complex materials It is possible to form a forged product with a complicated shape.
By using this hot double-action forging unit 13E together with the temperature pattern control of the present invention, even if the hot double-action forging unit 13E is arranged during a plurality of molding steps, the occurrence of molding defects such as undercutting is suppressed. be able to.

FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram of a process unit for performing standby.
The standby process unit 13 </ b> F causes the raw material, the rough material, or the forged product 42 to stand by without forging, so that the raw material, the rough material, or the forged product 42 is placed on the fixed die 101 by transfer, and from above the fixed die 101. The blank or rough or forged product 42 is moved by transfer.
Further, in order to prevent the temperature of the raw material, the rough material, or the forged product 42 from decreasing, the heater 17 may be embedded in the stationary die 101 that is on standby.

FIGS. 11A to 11C are explanatory views showing a schematic configuration of a mold temperature control device (mold temperature control means) and a temperature adjustment pattern of each lower mold.
Each upper mold may be subjected to the same temperature control.
In FIG. 11A, the first process unit 13 ₁ includes a first heater (die heating means) 17 ₁ for heating the die and a first thermocouple (die temperature) for detecting the temperature of the lower die. Detection means) 18 ₁ is provided.
The second step unit 13 _2, the second heater (mold heating means) for heating the mold and 17 _2, a second thermocouple (mold temperature detecting means) for detecting the temperature of the lower mold 18 ₂ And are provided.
The third process unit 13 ₃ includes a third heater (die heating means) 17 ₃ for heating the mold and a third thermocouple (die temperature detecting means) 18 ₃ for detecting the temperature of the lower mold. And are provided.
The non-contact thermometer (forged product temperature detecting means) 16 is for detecting the temperature of the forged product 43 after completion of forging taken out from the third step unit 13 ₃ is the final step unit.

In FIG. 11 (b), the mold temperature control unit (mold temperature control means) 19, in the first control unit 20 _1, the second control unit 20 _2, and the third control unit 20 _3, a sequencer 21 It is configured.
The first control unit 20 _1, based on the first detected temperature value PV ₁ measured by the first thermocouple 18 _1, the first temperature setpoint SP ₁ for controlling the first temperature of the heater 17 _1, the first Output to heater 17 ₁ .
Further, the second control unit 20 ₂ sets the second temperature set value SP ₂ for controlling the temperature of the second heater 17 ₂ based on the second detected temperature value PV ₂ measured by the second thermocouple 18 ₂ to the second temperature. Output to heater 17 ₂ .
The third control unit 20 _3, based on the third detection temperature value PV ₃ measured by the third thermocouple 18 _3, the third temperature set point SP ₃ for controlling the third temperature of the heater 17 _3, 3 and outputs it to the heater 17 _3.
Further, when the forged product detection temperature value T of the forged product 43 detected by the non-contact thermometer 16 exceeds the set value S, the sequencer 21 heats the mold with the _first to third heaters 17 _{1 to} 17 _3. That is, that is, the energization to the _first to third heaters 17 _{1 to} 17 ₃ is turned off.
Further, the sequencer 21 stores a plurality of heating patterns P1 to P5 shown in FIG. 11C, in which the respective molds are heated by the _first to third heaters 17 _{1 to} 17 ₃ . P1 to P5 can be automatically selected, or the heating patterns P1 to P5 can be manually selected from an input unit such as a touch panel.

In FIG. 11C, the heating pattern P1 has the same temperature setting values SP _{1 to} SP ₃ of the heaters 17 _{1 to} 17 ₃ so that the molds of the process units 13 _{1 to} 13 ₃ have the same temperature. To.
Further, the heating pattern P2, so as from the first step unit 13 ₁ to the third step unit 13 ₃ temperature of the mold is sequentially increased, first to third heaters from the first temperature set point SP ₁ of the heater 17 ₁ The temperature is gradually increased to the third temperature set value SP _{3 of} 17 ₃ .
Further, in the heating pattern P3, the second heater 17 ₂ of the second heater 17 ₂ is set so that the temperature of the mold of the second process unit 13 ₂ is higher than the temperature of the molds of the first and third process units 13 ₁ and 13 ₃ . (2) The temperature set value SP ₂ is set higher than the temperature set values SP ₁ and SP ₃ of the first and third heaters 17 ₁ and 17 ₃ .
Further, in the heating pattern P4, the first and second heaters 17 are set so that the mold temperature of the first and second process units 13 ₁ and 13 ₂ is higher than the temperature of the mold of the third process unit 13 _{3. The} temperature set values SP ₁ and SP ₂ of ₁ and 17 ₂ are set higher than the third temperature set value SP ₃ of the third heater 17 ₃ .
Further, the heating pattern P5, as the temperature of the second step unit 13 ₂ of the mold is lower than the temperature of the first and second step unit 13 _1, 13 ₂ of the mold, the _two second heater 17 first 2. The temperature set value SP ₂ is set lower than the temperature set values SP ₁ and SP ₃ of the first and third heaters 17 ₁ and 17 ₃ .
The vertical axis of FIG. 11 (c) shows the set temperature value SP, the horizontal axis of FIG. 11 (c) shows the position of each process unit _{131-134 3.}

Below, it demonstrates, demonstrating the specific setting combination of each heating pattern P1-P5.
In the heating pattern P1, the temperature set values SP _{1 to} SP ₃ were set to be the same.
This heating pattern P1 is when the processing rate of the material is substantially the same from the first step to the third step, or when the forging is stable (when a certain amount of time has elapsed from the start of forging and the mold temperature becomes constant). This is a pattern suitable for setting.
Heating pattern P2 is a _{SP 1 <SP 2 = 1.1SP 1} ~1.5SP 1, in _{SP 1 <SP 3 = 1.3SP 1} ~2SP 1, and was set to SP ₂ <SP _3.
This heating pattern P2 is a pattern suitable for setting when the product surface area before and after forging gradually increases from the first step to the third step.
The heating pattern P3 is suitable when forging is performed in the first and second steps, and drilling or the like in the third step or finishing processing with a low processing rate from the second step is performed.
The heating pattern P4 is a suitable pattern before the die surface temperature before the forging stabilization period becomes constant (at the start of forging).
The heating pattern P5 is an example of a pattern suitable when the lubricant used in the first and third steps is different from the lubricant used in the second step.
This heating pattern P5 can use the optimal lubricant according to a forge processing rate to the 1st-3rd process by changing die setting temperature according to the kind of lubricant.

These heating patterns P1 to P5 are forged products of various shapes in small quantities, various sizes of forged products, different raw material temperatures before forging, or forging is resumed after forging is interrupted for some reason during forging In consideration of the case where the mold temperature of each of the process units 13 _{1 to} 13 ₃ changes, the input unit of the sequencer 21 is operated to select the one that seems to be optimal in advance, or the forged product It is possible to change the molding temperature condition pattern to what seems to be optimal during forging while detecting the molding failure condition.
Also, by operating the input unit of the sequencer 21, the heating pattern can be changed to a new one, or a new heating pattern can be added.
Thus, by adjusting the mold temperature of each of the process units 13 _{1 to} 13 ₃ , forging, for example, from the start of forging until the mold temperature is stabilized at a certain temperature, or after forging is interrupted due to forging trouble The forged product temperature variation range until the mold temperature is fixed at a certain temperature can be reduced, and the variation in dimensional accuracy is smaller than that of conventional forged products. When drilling is performed, it becomes possible to obtain a forged product with small variations in drilling accuracy.

Although temperature control is required in each molding in the middle of a plurality of molding processes of the present invention, in each of the process units 13 _{1 to} 13 ₃ used in the present invention, the temperature of the forged product (final product) 43 to be discharged is set. It is important to control within a predetermined range.
For example, first, the temperature control range of the forged product (final product) 43 can be set to a predetermined range, and then the temperature control of the molded product on the way can be arbitrarily set so as to satisfy it. It is preferable to set the temperature pattern in each of the process units 13 _{1 to} 13 ₃ as possible.
When managing the temperature in this way, for example, when the forged product temperature is detected by the forged product temperature detecting means and it is determined that the temperature is out of the predetermined temperature range, the result is a mold temperature control device (die temperature control means). , The temperature pattern change sequence set in advance in the mold temperature control device (mold temperature control means) is activated, and the control of each mold to the mold heating means is switched. It can be controlled within a predetermined range.
Alternatively, when each mold temperature is detected by the mold temperature detection means and it is determined that the temperature has deviated from a predetermined temperature pattern (for example, when the mold temperature rises due to factors such as the accumulation of heat over time) The result is fed back to the mold temperature control device (mold temperature control means), and the temperature pattern change sequence set in advance in the mold temperature control device (mold temperature control means) is activated, and the mold of each mold is operated. Control to the die heating means is switched, and as a result, the forged product temperature can be controlled within a predetermined range.
As described above, by setting the temperature pattern, the forged product suppresses forging defects such as sagging, ensures the dimensional stability of the forged product, and has sufficient mechanical properties for the use of the forged product. Things are easily obtained.

Next, the operation will be described.
First, the material heated to a predetermined temperature is transferred to the middle of the first process unit of the hot forging device by transfer and stopped.
When spraying of the lubricant is completed, the material that has been stopped on the way to the first process unit is transferred to the lower mold of the first process unit by transfer, and is put into the lower mold for hot forging. Is called.
The transfer returns to the original position after the material is put into the lower mold.
Next, the minimum amount of the rough material discharged by the knockout pin that has been hot forged and pushed by the bed knockout is lifted up by knocking so that it does not come into contact with the upper and lower molds to a position where it can be discharged without difficulty. Is done.
In this state, the punch stops at the top dead center (the hot forging device stops at the top dead center), and the lifted up rough material is transported to the intermediate position to the second process unit and stopped.
After the above-described operation is sequentially performed up to the third process unit, the forged product taken out from the third process unit is transferred to the outside of the hot forging device by transfer.
The temperature of the forged product taken out from the third process unit is detected by a non-contact thermometer (forged product temperature detecting means), and the temperature of the mold of each process unit is controlled based on this detected temperature.
Then, forging is started from the top dead center, and the time required until the next forging is started is set to be within 10 seconds.
Further, the forged product may be conveyed not by transfer but by an industrial robot.

After forging, the rough material or the forged product is taken out by transfer or an industrial robot, and then a water-soluble graphite lubricant or an oil-based lubricant is sprayed from a lubricant spraying device to the forging portions of the upper and lower molds.
When the side surface of the upper mold is the surface of the forged product, the lubricant spraying device 14B of FIG. 4 is installed so that the lubricant can be sprayed on the side surface of the upper mold.
Thus, the control for operating the hot forging device, the transfer, and the lubricant spraying device to perform the hot forging is performed by a control device (control means).

In the forging described above, the material is put into the process unit so that the material cut surface is perpendicular to the forging pressure direction, and forging is performed.
It is desirable that this material has a minimum diameter that prevents the material from buckling during forging pressurization.
In the central part of the hot forging device, the molding that requires the most pressing capability of the press is preferable.
Further, molding that requires the most precision of forged products is also preferable.
When drilling a forged product, the size of the drilling reference surface changes depending on the temperature. Therefore, when drilling accuracy is required, it is preferable to keep the temperature before drilling within a certain temperature range.
In the hot double-action forging process unit, the raw material or the rough material is molded from a direction perpendicular to the forging pressure direction.
Rather than hot double-action forging of the material in the first step, it is better to carry out double-action forging on a rough material that has been subjected to hot closed forging or hot closed forging at least once, to control the metal flow, This is more preferable for preventing damage to the link mechanism and the slider mechanism.
When the forging load to which all the forging pressure generated in each process unit is applied is smaller than the allowable pressurizing load of the forging machine, a raw material or a rough material may be added to all the process units.

Table 1 shows the forged products manufactured by the hot forging device 11 shown in FIG. 1 and the arrangement of the selected process units.
As a raw material, a cut product obtained by cutting a continuous cast rod of an Al—Si alloy (aluminum alloy) manufactured by Showa Process, which is a kind of continuous casting method, into a cylindrical shape was used.
And the raw material was heated to the preset temperature designated with the raw material heating furnace before forging.
Further, the lubricant was applied to the material only when it was determined that it was preferable to apply the water-soluble graphite lubricant to the material before forging from the surface area ratio between the material and the rough material.

The forged product shape A in Table 1 is a donut shape with a hole in the center, a radial rib-like portion on the upper surface, and a shape with an irregular flange-like portion on the outer periphery of the rib-like portion.
Further, the forged product shape B is a shape without a rib-like portion or a groove, a flange-like portion and a hole, in which a conical column narrowing downward is connected to the lower center of the cylindrical portion.
When forging this forged product shape B, the third process unit is a standby process unit, but the standby process unit may be a first process knit and the other process units may be sequentially lowered.
Further, the forged product shape C is cup-shaped, and the build-up portions in the circumferential direction are arranged at regular intervals on the lower outer periphery of the cup, and the rib-shaped portions are arranged at regular intervals in the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral surface of the cup. And a shape without holes.
Further, the forged product shape D has a circumferentially extending portion on the outer circumference of the cylinder at a constant interval, a groove opened on the upper surface, and a plurality of ribs located inside the groove and opened on the upper surface. Although it has a flange-like portion on the outer periphery, it has a shape without holes.
The forged product shape E is a cup shape with a flange, a flange-like portion on the lower outer periphery, and a hole in the center of the bottom, but without a rib-like portion or groove.
In the case of this forged product shape E, Table 1 also shows the case where the number of process units is four.

As shown in Table 1, two or more sets of process units are incorporated in the same forging apparatus, and the forging process corresponding to each process unit is a combination selected from five types of forging methods and is complicated from a single heated material. Shaped forged products can be obtained at low cost.
In addition, since the forged product does not generate stress corrosion cracking or coarse crystal grains, a forged product having good mechanical properties can be obtained.
In addition, forging products with improved performance as structural members and pressure-resistant members have been manufactured because there are no defects in the forged products that have been difficult to suppress by casting or die casting. I was able to.

Forging products or forged products after forging by heaters arranged in each process unit so that the temperature of the forged products is detected with a non-contact thermometer and the temperature of the forged products does not deviate downward from the set temperature range of the forged products. The heating pattern of the heater is controlled so that is within a certain temperature setting range.
The temperature setting of the forged product affects the suppression of forging defects such as sagging, the dimensional stability of the forged product, the mechanical properties of the forged product, etc., and therefore the temperature setting is within a predetermined temperature range that provides sufficient characteristics as a forged product. It is desirable.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory view showing a schematic configuration of a hot forging device according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which the same or corresponding parts as those in FIGS.
In FIG. 12, a process unit stock device (process unit stock means) 23 is a part that includes a process unit for each process in advance including the same type of process unit.
The process unit transfer device (process unit transfer means) 25 takes out a predetermined process unit from the process unit stock device 23, moves to the mounting position of the process unit, and moves the process unit to the forging machine (hot forging device 11). Or a process unit is taken out from the forging machine (hot forging device 11) and returned to the process unit stock device 23.
The control device (control means) 26 is a process unit transfer control device (process unit transfer control means) that controls the process unit transfer device 25 based on the combination information stored in the built-in storage device (storage means) 27. ), A control device (control means) for controlling the hot forging device 11, a transfer control device (transfer control means) for controlling the transfer, a lubricant spray control device (lubricant spray control means) for controlling the lubricant spray device, Also serves as a mold temperature control device (mold temperature control means).
And the memory | storage device 27 respond | corresponded to the forging product the temperature control conditions set to the die temperature control apparatus of each process unit corresponding to the forging product which is due to form, corresponding to the forging product which is due to be formed. It is stored in advance as part of the combination information.
The lubricant spraying device (lubricant spraying means), transfer (transfer mechanism, transfer means), and non-contact type thermometer (forged product temperature detecting means) are the same as in the previous embodiment, and are not shown in the figure. .

Once the forged product to be formed is determined, to obtain the shape of the forged product corresponding to the characteristics and complexity of the shape, the required multiple molding processes, molding sequence, molding conditions in each molding process (forging load conditions, Mold temperature conditions, lubricant spray conditions) are designed.
As a result, in each molding step, the type of mold is determined according to the molding content in that step, and a corresponding process unit is attached.
That is, the process unit attached to the process unit position corresponding to the forging product to be formed is determined.
On the other hand, in each molding process, the mold temperature condition is determined according to the molding content in the process, and the mold temperature condition is set in each process unit correspondingly.
That is, the temperature condition set in the heater of each process unit is determined in advance corresponding to the forged product to be formed.

The embodiment of FIG. 12 will be described.
Note that the lubricant spray device, transfer, and non-contact thermometer not shown are the same as those in the previous implementation, and will be described only in necessary portions.
In this embodiment, the storage device 27 provided in the control device 26 stores at least the mold temperature control conditions of each process unit corresponding to the forged product scheduled for molding and the forged product scheduled for molding. The inclusion can be stored in advance as combination information corresponding to the forged product.
The combination information to the control device 26 can be directly input from the input unit provided in the control device 26 by key operation, or centralized management installed remotely via the communication means provided in the control device 26. It can be input from a device or the like.
The combination information in the storage device 27 is stored in the form of a database that can identify the forged product as a key.
In addition, a combination information can be memorize | stored by identifying a some change pattern with respect to the forged product of the same shape.
The combination information in the storage device 27 can be called up by inputting forged product information to the control device 26.
The called combination information is transferred from the storage device 27 to the memory of the control device 26.
Here, a part of the content on the combination can be corrected, and the content of the combination information in the storage device 27 can be updated.
The called combination information is displayed on the display screen of the control device 26 in the format of the type of mold attached to each process unit and the temperature condition to be set for each mold.

Based on the combination information on the memory, the control device 26 transfers the instruction information of each process unit (mold type) to the process unit transfer device 25.
The process unit transfer device 25 inquires the process unit stock device 23 about the stock of the process unit (die) based on the instruction information, and the process unit stock device 23 processes the instructed process unit (die) in response to the inquiry. The unit is transferred to the unit transfer device 25.
The process unit transfer device 25 receives the specified process unit, moves to the position of the specified process unit, and attaches it.
In addition, the well-known method suitable for the structure can be used for the attachment method of a process unit.

The process unit stock device 23 stores the stock arrangement and stock status of each process unit for each address in a built-in process unit stock storage device (process unit stock storage means) 24.
A process unit can be taken out from the address position by using a known stock management system such as a robot or a transfer conveyor.

As the process unit transfer device 25, a known transfer system such as a robot, a transfer conveyor, or a crane can be used.
Moreover, the process unit transfer apparatus 25 can also be provided for every process unit, and can also be made into one as a whole.

Based on the combination information on the memory, the control device 26 controls the heaters 17 _{1 to} 17 ₃ to control the heating temperature of the mold.

When changing the forged product, the type of the forged product is input to the control device 26.
Based on the input information, the control device 26 calls new combination information corresponding to the forged product from the storage device 27 to the memory.
The process unit transfer device 25 compares the new combination information instructed from the control device 26 with the previous combination information, moves to the position where the process unit is no longer needed, and takes it out. The process unit stock device 23.
The process unit stock device 23 receives the returned process unit, checks the stock status, stores it at an available address position, and updates the stock information on the process unit stock storage device 24.

Further, the control device 26 confirms that each process unit is attached, and controls each heater 17 _{1 to} 17 ₃ corresponding to each process unit under the mold temperature condition.
When the forged product is input, the control device 26 inquires the process unit stock device 23 about the stock status and determines from the result that a plurality of change patterns of combination information can be used for the forged product of the same shape. In such a case, the combination information is called based on the priority order data included in the combination information.
When the forged product is input, the control device 26 inquires the process unit stock device 23 about the stock status, and if the die attachment based on the combination information cannot be realized from the answer result, the control device 26 issues a warning to that effect.
As described above, in the present invention, it is preferable to use information in which the use process unit combination information, the temperature pattern information, and the priority order data information are stored as a set, using the product specification as a keyword.

The example which manufactured the molded product using this invention is demonstrated concretely below.
As an example according to the invented method, a disc-like shape having a circumscribed circle diameter of about 160 mm and a weight of 837 g in the center using a continuous cast round bar (diameter 80 mm) of “AHS” which is an Al—Si alloy. The conditions for manufacturing the pressure-resistant cover, which is a forged product, are shown below.

  A hot sealed forging process unit was used for the first and second processes, and a hot drilling forging process unit was used for the third process.

A continuous cast round bar cut product having a diameter of 80 mm was placed in the first hot closed forging process unit so that the cut surface was parallel to the upper surface of the die.
Then, in the first step, the cut product is crushed to a circumscribed circle diameter of about 160 mm as a forged rough material for the next step, and becomes a forged product having no through hole in the central portion by the unit for hot sealed forging step in the second step. A disc-shaped forged product having a through hole in the center was obtained by a three-step hot drilling forging process unit.
Of course, in addition to a continuous cast round bar cut product having a diameter of 80 mm, a billet cut product or an extruded bar cut product may be used.

This continuously cast round bar cut product is subjected to a conventionally known water-soluble graphite lubricant coating treatment, and the forged mold is sprayed with a conventionally known water-soluble graphite lubricant and hot-loaded by punching. Forging was performed.
Forging was performed using a 2500-t knuckle press device manufactured by H & F, and the first to third process units were incorporated in the press device.
At this time, the raw material heating temperature before forging used the raw material which is a certain temperature range of 400 to 450 degreeC.
The upper and lower molds of the first to third steps are provided with ring heaters so that they can be heated uniformly from the outer periphery, and the upper and lower mold temperatures of the first to third steps are installed so that they can be measured with a thermocouple .
Further, the product temperature after forging was measured with a non-contact temperature measuring machine.
Using these temperature measuring devices, the heating pattern is set so that the finished product temperature after forging of the pressure-resistant cover will be the target value ± 10 ° C, and so that molding defects such as thinning and fogging will not occur even after multiple steps. The temperature of the ring-shaped heater was controlled from the start of forging to the end of forging.
At this time, for the initial period of forging until a certain period of time elapses from the start of forging as a temperature pattern, the heating pattern P4 of FIG. 11C is used, SP ₁ = SP ₂ = 180 ° C. to 200 ° C., and SP ₃ is set. The temperature was set to 150 ° C to 190 ° C.
Further, the forged stable period using a heating pattern P ₁ in FIG. 11 (c), the was a _{SP 1 = SP 2 = SP 3} = 100 ℃ ~200 ℃.
At this time, after the forged product is taken out from the upstream process, a certain amount of lubricant is sprayed, and the time required to put the forged product of the previous process into the downstream process is set to “constant between each process unit in 9 seconds”. Thus, the production was performed under conditions where the finished temperature of the forged product was easily controlled.
At this time, if the time required from the upstream process to the downstream process (the time required to input from the previous process to the next process) is not constant between the process units, the mold surface temperature, the material and the forged product temperature will not be stable. Dimensional accuracy is deteriorated, and product seizure occurs due to occurrence of poor lubrication.
As a result, when the temperature of the material or the mold fluctuates, it may be difficult to realize stable operation by heating pattern control.
As for the forging pressure at this time, the total of the first process unit to the third process unit was 1916t within the press functional force.

In addition, forged products have improved mechanical characteristics and are superior as pressure-resistant parts compared to pressure-resistant covers produced by conventional casting and die casting.
In addition, when the internal quality is compared with conventional casting and die casting, the internal soundness is excellent because there is no defect such as a cast hole and the structure is uniform and fine.
Moreover, since it is a forged product which does not generate burrs other than the product part, the obtained rough profile has no trim marks and is preferable from the viewpoint of material yield.

  As another example, for a compressor, which is a disc-shaped forged product having a circumscribed circle diameter of about 200 mm and a weight of 2000 g, using a continuous cast round bar (diameter 80 mm) of “AHS” which is an Al—Si alloy. Parts were produced as described above.

  A hot sealed forging process unit was used for the first process, a hot closed forging process unit was used for the second process, and a standby process unit was used for the third process.

A continuous cast round bar cut product with a diameter of 80 mm is crushed to a circumscribed circle diameter of about 200 mm as a rough material for forged products by a hot sealed forging process unit in the first step, and becomes a forged rough material for the next step. A forged product (height 130 mm) for a compressor having no through-hole in the center was obtained by a hot closed forging process unit.
Of course, in addition to a continuous cast round bar cut product having a diameter of 80 mm, a billet cut product or an extruded bar cut product may be used.

This continuously cast round bar cut product is subjected to a conventionally known water-soluble graphite lubricant coating treatment, and a forged mold is sprayed with a conventionally known oil-based lubricant, and is subjected to hot forging by applying a weight with a punch. Carried out.
As the forging device, a 2500 t knuckle press device manufactured by H & F was used.
At this time, the raw material heating temperature before forging used the raw material which is a certain temperature range of 400 to 450 degreeC.
The upper and lower molds of the first and second steps are provided with ring heaters so that they can be heated evenly from the outer periphery, and the upper and lower mold temperatures of the first and second steps are installed so that they can be measured by a thermocouple. .
Further, the product temperature after forging was measured with a non-contact temperature measuring machine.
Using these temperature measuring devices, the heating pattern so that the finished temperature after forging of the forged product for compressors becomes the target value ± 10 ° C, and molding defects such as undercut and fog do not occur even after multiple steps. The temperature of the ring-shaped heater was controlled from the start of forging to the end of forging.
At this time, after the forged product is taken out from the upstream process, a certain amount of lubricant is sprayed, and the time required to put the forged product of the previous process into the downstream process is set to “constant between each process unit in 10 seconds”. Thus, the production was performed under conditions that make it easy to control the finished temperature of the forged product.
As for the forging pressure at this time, the total of the first process unit and the second process unit was 2300 t.

Moreover, the forged product obtained by the above is superior in mechanical characteristics to compressor parts produced by conventional casting or die casting.
In addition, when the internal quality is compared with conventional casting and die casting, the internal soundness is excellent because there is no defect such as a cast hole and the structure is uniform and fine. Moreover, since it is a forged product which does not generate burrs other than the product part, the obtained rough profile has no trim marks and is preferable from the viewpoint of material yield.
Since a forged product of φ200 can be obtained from a φ80 continuous cast round bar cut product, for example, compared with the case of obtaining a forged product from a φ200 billet or an extruded bar, the forged product has a good dimensional accuracy, and Forged products with excellent internal quality were obtained.

  The hydraulic device used to manufacture the forged product was a device that can vary the pressure according to the forged product, and a device that can change the hydraulic pressure depending on the press angle.

It is explanatory drawing which shows schematic structure of the hot forging apparatus which is one Example of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows schematic structure of a heater. (A) is explanatory drawing which shows the state which clamped the raw material, the rough material, or the forged product with the holder of the transfer, (b) The state which moved the raw material, the rough material, or the forged product clamped with the holder between process units, and stopped It is explanatory drawing which shows. It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the lubricant spraying apparatus which can spray a lubricant on the side surface of an upper mold. It is a schematic block diagram of the process unit which implements hot hermetic forging. (A), (b) is a schematic block diagram of the process unit which implements hot closed forging. It is a schematic block diagram of the process unit which implements hot hole forging. It is a schematic block diagram of the process unit which implements hot double action forging. (A), (b), (c) is a schematic block diagram of the other process unit which implements hot double action forging. It is a schematic block diagram of the process unit which implements standby. (A)-(c) is explanatory drawing which shows schematic structure of a metal mold | die temperature control apparatus (metal mold temperature control means), and the temperature control pattern of each metal mold | die. It is explanatory drawing which shows schematic structure of the hot forging apparatus which is another Example of this invention. (A), (b) is a flowchart figure which shows the process of the hot forging apparatus of this invention, and the conventional hot forging apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

11 Hot forging equipment (forging means)
12a Lower plate 12b Upper plate 12c Guide post 13 Process unit 13 ₁ 1st process unit 13 ₂ 2nd process unit 13 ₃ 3rd process unit 13A Hot sealed forging process unit 13B Hot closed forging process unit 13C Hot close drilling process Unit 13D Hot dense double acting process unit 13E Hot dense double action process unit 13F Standby process unit 14 Lubricant spraying device (lubricant spraying means)
14A Lubricant spraying device (lubricant spraying means)
14B Lubricant spraying device (lubricant spraying means)
15 Transfer (transfer mechanism, transfer means)
15a Holder 16 Non-contact thermometer (forging product temperature detection means)
17 Heater (Die heating means)
17 ₁ 1st heater (die heating means)
17 ₂ Second heater (die heating means)
17 ₃ 3rd heater (die heating means)
17a Ring heater 17b Rod heater 18 ₁ 1st thermocouple (mold temperature detection means)
18 ₂ 2nd thermocouple (mold temperature detection means)
18 ₃ 3rd thermocouple (mold temperature detection means)
19 Mold temperature control device (Die temperature control means)
20 ₁ 1st control part 20 ₂ 2nd control part 20 ₃ 3rd control part 21 Sequencer 23 Process unit stock device (process unit stock means)
24 process unit stock storage device (process unit stock storage means)
25 process unit transfer device (process unit transfer means)
26 control device (control means, process unit transfer control device: process unit transfer control means, mold temperature control device: mold temperature control means)
27 Storage device (storage means)
31 dies 32 upper mold (punch)
41 Material or rough material 42 Material or rough material or forged product 43 Forged product 51 Punch 52 Die 53 Bush 54 Knock 55 Knock pin 61 Punch 62 Die 63 Bush 64 Closure mechanism 65 Knock 66 Knock pin 71 Punch 72 Die 73 Knock 74 Discharge pin 76 (Discharge means)
81 Punch 82 Dies 83 Bush 84 Knock 85 Knock Pin 86 Double Action Punch 87 Buffering Mechanism 91 Punch 92 Die 93 Housing 94 Cylinder 95 Pressure Plate 96 Pin 97 Hydraulic Plate 98 Closure Mechanism 99 Die Spin 101 Fixed Die PV ₁ First Detection Temperature Value PV ₂ second detection temperature value PV ₃ third detection temperature value SP temperature set point SP ₁ first temperature setpoint SP ₂ second temperature set point SP ₃ third temperature setpoint S set value T forged product detection temperature value P1 heating pattern P2 Heating pattern P3 Heating pattern P4 Heating pattern P5 Heating pattern

Claims (9)

Two or more corresponding to the forging products to be formed, selected from the hot sealed forging process unit, hot closed forging process unit, hot drilling forging process unit, and hot double-acting forging process unit. Corresponds to the forging products that are planned to be formed, including the same types of process units or hot sealed forging process units, hot closed forging process units, hot drilling forging process units, hot double-acting forging process units Two or more process units, and a forging means in which one standby process unit is detachably incorporated in the same forging machine;
A plurality of mold heating means for heating the mold of each process unit;
A plurality of mold temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the mold of each process unit;
Forging product temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the forging product;
Mold temperature control means for controlling a plurality of mold heating means based on outputs of the forged product temperature detection means and the plurality of mold temperature detection means;
A hot forging device comprising: A cycle in which a rough material or a forged product is conveyed from an upstream process unit to a downstream process unit and forged is within 10 seconds.
The hot forging device according to claim 1. Provided with transfer means to take the rough material or forged product from the upstream process unit and set it in the downstream process unit,
The hot forging device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the above. Provided with a lubricant spraying means for spraying a set amount of lubricant on the mold surface of the process unit,
The hot forging device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the hot forging device is provided. The material is aluminum or aluminum alloy,
The hot forging device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the hot forging device is provided. A discharging means for discharging the metal pieces generated from the hot drilling forging process unit out of the forging means,
The hot forging device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the hot forging device is provided. Storage means for preliminarily storing, as part of the combination information corresponding to the forged product, the temperature control conditions set in the mold temperature control means of each process unit corresponding to the forged product to be formed;
Process unit stock means for pre-installing each process unit;
A process unit transfer means for taking out the process unit from the process unit stock means, moving to the mounting position of each process unit, and setting the process unit;
A process unit transfer control means for controlling the process unit transfer means based on the combination information stored in the storage means;
The hot forging device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a forging device is provided. Using the hot forging device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, a process unit is selected in accordance with a forged product shape to be formed and combined to produce a forged product.
A forged product manufacturing method characterized by that. It was manufactured by the forged product manufacturing method according to claim 8,
Forging products characterized by that.

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