JP2007259508A - Power converter and electricity storage apparatus with electric double layer capacitor - Google Patents

Power converter and electricity storage apparatus with electric double layer capacitor Download PDF

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JP2007259508A
JP2007259508A JP2006076482A JP2006076482A JP2007259508A JP 2007259508 A JP2007259508 A JP 2007259508A JP 2006076482 A JP2006076482 A JP 2006076482A JP 2006076482 A JP2006076482 A JP 2006076482A JP 2007259508 A JP2007259508 A JP 2007259508A
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double layer
electric double
layer capacitor
capacitor
power
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JP4929771B2 (en
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Ikuo Nagai
郁夫 長井
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Yaskawa Electric Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power converter and an electricity storage apparatus with an electric double layer capacitor for eliminating a ripple current flowing in the electric double layer capacitor and preventing the electric double layer capacitor from being degraded and damaged. <P>SOLUTION: The power converter includes a series element comprising the electric double layer capacitor 6, a reactor 7, a switch 8 and a current detector 9 and connected between DC buses of an electrolyte capacitor 3, and a protection circuit 10 for monitoring a ripple component in a current detected by the current detector 9, interrupting the current by using the switch 8 if the ripple component exceeds a predetermined value, and deactivating an inverter 5 when the inverter 5 operates. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、インバータドライブなどの電力変換装置および分散電源システム等に用いられる蓄電装置に関し、特に主回路に電気二重層コンデンサを備えた電力変換装置および蓄電装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a power conversion device such as an inverter drive and a power storage device used in a distributed power supply system and the like, and more particularly to a power conversion device and a power storage device that include an electric double layer capacitor in a main circuit.

従来のインバータドライブやサーボドライブなどの電力変換装置における電動機の回生電力の処理方法として、回生抵抗にて消費する方法と、電源回生コンバータで電源に電力を返す方法がある。前者は、回生電力が無駄に消費されることに加えて、回生電力が大きい場合は回生抵抗容量も大きくなり、装置の大型化、高コスト化を招く等の欠点がある。一方、後者は、装置が複雑になると共に高コストとなるといった欠点がある。また、インバータ主回路の電解コンデンサの容量を大きくすれば回生電力を吸収できるが、回生電力が大きいと電解コンデンサの個数が多くなり、装置の大型化、高コスト化の面から得策でない。
しかし、近年、大容量の電気二重層コンデンサが実用段階に入っており、回生処理用として電解コンデンサの代わりに電気二重層コンデンサを使うことにより、さほど装置が大型化することなしに回生電力を吸収可能となる(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
As a method for processing regenerative power of an electric motor in a conventional power converter such as an inverter drive or a servo drive, there are a method of consuming by a regenerative resistor and a method of returning power to a power source by a power regeneration converter. In the former case, the regenerative power is wasted, and when the regenerative power is large, the regenerative resistance capacity is also increased, leading to an increase in the size and cost of the apparatus. On the other hand, the latter has a drawback that the apparatus becomes complicated and the cost is high. In addition, if the capacity of the electrolytic capacitor of the inverter main circuit is increased, regenerative power can be absorbed. However, if the regenerative power is large, the number of electrolytic capacitors increases, which is not advantageous from the viewpoint of increasing the size and cost of the device.
In recent years, however, large-capacity electric double-layer capacitors have entered the practical stage. By using electric double-layer capacitors instead of electrolytic capacitors for regenerative processing, regenerative power can be absorbed without significantly increasing the size of the device. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).

また、従来の分散電源システム、あるいは非常用電源などに用いられる蓄電装置では、バッテリが使用されていたが、バッテリは寿命、パワー密度の点で難があった。
しかし、大容量の電気二重層コンデンサの実用化に伴い、これら蓄電装置にも高寿命、高パワー密度の電気二重層コンデンサが適用されつつある(例えば、特許文献2参照)。
In addition, a battery is used in a power storage device used in a conventional distributed power supply system or an emergency power supply, but the battery has difficulty in terms of life and power density.
However, along with the practical use of large-capacity electric double layer capacitors, electric double layer capacitors having a long life and high power density are being applied to these power storage devices (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

このように、従来の電気二重層コンデンサを備えた電力変換装置、あるいは蓄電装置は、回生処理用の電解コンデンサやバッテリを単純に電気二重層コンデンサに置き換えたものである。
特開2001−103769号公報(第2−3頁、第1図) 特開2004−289950号公報(第3−6頁、第1図)
As described above, the conventional power conversion device or power storage device provided with the electric double layer capacitor is obtained by simply replacing the electrolytic capacitor or battery for regenerative processing with the electric double layer capacitor.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-103769 (page 2-3, FIG. 1) JP 2004-289950 A (page 3-6, FIG. 1)

しかしながら、電気二重層コンデンサのデータシートには許容リップル電流に関して明確に記載されておらず、電気二重層コンデンサは基本的にリップル電流を流してはいけないコンデンサである。このため、従来装置に用いていた電解コンデンサ、あるいはバッテリを電気二重層コンデンサに単純に置き換えることは出来ない。すなわち、単純に置き換えると、電気二重層コンデンサにリップル電流が流れてしまう場合があり、このリップル電流を放置すると、電気二重層コンデンサの劣化、果ては破壊に至るという問題があった。
本発明はこのような問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、電気二重層コンデンサにリップル電流をほとんど流さないようにでき、何らかの異常が発生して電気二重層コンデンサにリップル電流が流れた場合でも電気二重層コンデンサの通電電流を遮断することにより電気二重層コンデンサの劣化、破壊を防ぐことができる電気二重層コンデンサを備えた電力変換装置および蓄電装置を提供することを目的とする。
However, the data sheet of the electric double layer capacitor does not clearly describe the allowable ripple current, and the electric double layer capacitor is basically a capacitor that does not allow the ripple current to flow. For this reason, it is not possible to simply replace the electrolytic capacitor or battery used in the conventional apparatus with an electric double layer capacitor. That is, if replaced simply, a ripple current may flow in the electric double layer capacitor. If this ripple current is left unattended, there is a problem that the electric double layer capacitor is deteriorated and eventually destroyed.
The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and it is possible to prevent the ripple current from flowing through the electric double layer capacitor, and even when some abnormality occurs and the ripple current flows through the electric double layer capacitor. It is an object of the present invention to provide a power conversion device and a power storage device including an electric double layer capacitor that can prevent deterioration and destruction of the electric double layer capacitor by interrupting an energization current of the electric double layer capacitor.

上記問題を解決するため、請求項1に記載の発明は、交流電源を直流電圧に変換する順変換装置と、前記直流電圧を平滑する電解コンデンサと、前記直流電圧を交流電圧に変換して電動機を駆動制御する逆変換装置と、を有し、前記直流電圧の回生電力を貯蔵する電気二重層コンデンサを備えた電力変換装置において、前記電解コンデンサの直流母線間に直列に前記電気二重層コンデンサとリアクトルを備え、前記電気二重層コンデンサの内部抵抗とコンデンサ容量、前記リアクトルのインダクタンス、前記交流電源の電源周波数で決定される第1のインピーダンスをZ1とし、前記電解コンデンサの内部抵抗とコンデンサ容量、前記交流電源の電源周波数で決定される第2のインピーダンスをZ2とすると、 前記Z1と前記Z2の関係は、Z1>>Z2であることを特徴としている。 In order to solve the above problem, an invention according to claim 1 is directed to a forward converter that converts an AC power source into a DC voltage, an electrolytic capacitor that smoothes the DC voltage, and an electric motor that converts the DC voltage into an AC voltage. A power conversion device including an electric double layer capacitor for storing regenerative power of the DC voltage, and the electric double layer capacitor in series between the DC buses of the electrolytic capacitor. A first impedance determined by an internal resistance and a capacitor capacity of the electric double layer capacitor, an inductance of the reactor, and a power supply frequency of the AC power supply, Z1, and an internal resistance and a capacitor capacity of the electrolytic capacitor, If the second impedance determined by the power supply frequency of the AC power supply is Z2, The relationship between Z1 and Z2 is characterized by Z1 >> Z2.

また、請求項2に記載の発明は、請求項1に記載の電気二重層コンデンサを備えた電力変換装置において、前記電気二重層コンデンサ、前記リアクトルと直列に接続されたスイッチおよび電流検出器と、前記電流検出器で検出した電流のリップル成分を監視し、予め設定された値を超えると前記スイッチにより前記電流を遮断するとともに前記逆変換装置が動作している時はその動作を停止する保護回路と、を備えたことを特徴としている。   The invention according to claim 2 is the power conversion device including the electric double layer capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the electric double layer capacitor, a switch and a current detector connected in series with the reactor, A protection circuit that monitors the ripple component of the current detected by the current detector and shuts off the current when the inverter is in operation when the switch is cut off when the preset value is exceeded. It is characterized by having.

また、請求項3に記載の発明は、発電制御コンバータと並列に接続されたDC−DCコンバータを有し、前記DC−DCコンバータで変換された直流電力を蓄電する電気二重層コンデンサを備えた蓄電装置において、前記DC−DCコンバータの出力に並列接続された電解コンデンサと、前記電解コンデンサの直流母線間に直列に接続された前記電気二重層コンデンサおよびリアクトルを備え、前記電気二重層コンデンサの内部抵抗とコンデンサ容量、前記リアクトルのインダクタンス、前記DC−DCコンバータのスイッチング周波数で決定される第1のインピーダンスをZ3とし、前記電解コンデンサの内部抵抗とコンデンサ容量、前記DC−DCコンバータのスイッチング周波数で決定される第2のインピーダンスをZ4とすると、前記Z3と前記Z4の関係は、Z3>>Z4であることを特徴としている。   According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a power storage device having a DC-DC converter connected in parallel with the power generation control converter, and comprising an electric double layer capacitor for storing direct-current power converted by the DC-DC converter. The apparatus includes an electrolytic capacitor connected in parallel to the output of the DC-DC converter, and the electric double layer capacitor and a reactor connected in series between the DC buses of the electrolytic capacitor, and an internal resistance of the electric double layer capacitor And Z3 is the first impedance determined by the capacitor capacity, the inductance of the reactor, and the switching frequency of the DC-DC converter, and is determined by the internal resistance and capacitor capacity of the electrolytic capacitor and the switching frequency of the DC-DC converter. If the second impedance is Z4, Relationship Z3 and the Z4 is characterized in that a Z3 >> Z4.

また、請求項4に記載の発明は、請求項3に記載の電気二重層コンデンサを備えた蓄電装置において、前記電気二重層コンデンサ、前記リアクトルと直列に接続されたスイッチおよび電流検出器と、前記電流検出器で検出した電流のリップル成分を監視し、予め設定された値を超えると前記スイッチにより前記電流を遮断すると共に前記DC−DCコンバータの動作を停止する保護回路と、を備えたことを特徴としている。   According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a power storage device including the electric double layer capacitor according to the third aspect, wherein the electric double layer capacitor, a switch and a current detector connected in series with the reactor, A protection circuit that monitors a ripple component of the current detected by the current detector and shuts off the current by the switch and stops the operation of the DC-DC converter when a preset value is exceeded. It is a feature.

請求項1に記載の発明によると、装置の正常動作時においては、電気二重層コンデンサにリップル電流がほとんど流れないようにすることが可能で電気二重層コンデンサの劣化、破壊を防ぐことができる電気二重層コンデンサを備えた電力変換装置を得ることができる。   According to the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to prevent the ripple current from flowing through the electric double layer capacitor during normal operation of the apparatus, and to prevent the electric double layer capacitor from being deteriorated or broken. A power conversion device including a double layer capacitor can be obtained.

また、請求項2に記載の発明によると、請求項1に記載の発明による効果に加え、何らかの異常が発生して電気二重層コンデンサにリップル電流が流れても、電流検出器によりこのリップル電流を検出し、電気二重層コンデンサの通電電流を遮断するようにしているので電気二重層コンデンサの劣化、破壊を防ぐことができる電気二重層コンデンサを備えた電力変換装置を得ることができる。   Further, according to the invention described in claim 2, in addition to the effect of the invention described in claim 1, even if some abnormality occurs and the ripple current flows through the electric double layer capacitor, the ripple current is reduced by the current detector. Since the electric current of the electric double layer capacitor is detected and cut off, a power conversion device including the electric double layer capacitor that can prevent the electric double layer capacitor from being deteriorated or broken can be obtained.

また、請求項3に記載の発明によると、装置の正常動作時においては、電気二重層コンデンサにリップル電流がほとんど流れないようにすることが可能で電気二重層コンデンサの劣化、破壊を防ぐことができる電気二重層コンデンサを備えた蓄電装置を得ることができる。   According to the third aspect of the present invention, it is possible to prevent a ripple current from flowing through the electric double layer capacitor during normal operation of the device, and to prevent deterioration and destruction of the electric double layer capacitor. A power storage device including the electric double layer capacitor can be obtained.

また、請求項4に記載の発明によると、請求項3に記載の発明による効果に加え、何らかの異常が発生して電気二重層コンデンサにリップル電流が流れても、電流検出器によりこのリップル電流を検出し、電気二重層コンデンサの通電電流を遮断するようにしているので電気二重層コンデンサの劣化、破壊を防ぐことができる電気二重層コンデンサを備えた蓄電装置を得ることができる。   According to the invention of claim 4, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 3, even if some abnormality occurs and the ripple current flows to the electric double layer capacitor, the ripple current is reduced by the current detector. Since the electric current of the electric double layer capacitor is detected and cut off, the electric storage device including the electric double layer capacitor that can prevent the electric double layer capacitor from being deteriorated or broken can be obtained.

以下、本発明の具体的実施例について、図に基づいて説明する。   Hereinafter, specific examples of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図1は、本発明の第1実施例を示す電気二重層コンデンサを備えた電力変換装置の構成図である。
図1において、1は単相または三相の交流電源、2は順変換装置、3は電解コンデンサ、4は電動機、5は逆変換装置、6は電気二重層コンデンサ、7はリアクトル、8、11はスイッチ、9はCTなどの電流検出器、10は保護回路、12は抵抗である。
本発明が、従来技術である特許文献1の電力変換装置と異なる点は、電気二重層コンデンサ6の通電ラインに、リアクトル7、スイッチ8、電流検出器9を直列に備え、電流検出器9によるリップル電流の増加検出に基づいてスイッチ8を開閉する保護回路10を備えるようにしている点である。
以下、図1を用いて、本実施例の電気二重層コンデンサを備えた電力変換装置の動作を説明する。
電気二重層コンデンサ6に直列にリアクトル7とスイッチ8を接続し、電気二重層コンデンサ6の通電電流を電流検出器9にて検出する。スイッチ8は、通常はオンしている。
電解コンデンサ3及び電気二重層コンデンサ6は、交流電源1から順変換装置2、及び抵抗12を介して充電され、充電が完了するとスイッチ11をオンし、抵抗12の両端を短絡する。
電気二重層コンデンサ6が充電中の場合、あるいは電気二重層コンデンサ6が充電完了後、逆変換装置5が動作した場合、電解コンデンサ3及び電気二重層コンデンサ6にはリップル電流が流れる。しかし、ここで、電解コンデンサ3の内部抵抗、及びコンデンサ容量、及び電源周波数で決定されるインピーダンスよりも、電気二重層コンデンサ6の内部抵抗、コンデンサ容量、リアクトル7のインダクタンス及び電源周波数で決定されるインピーダンスの方が十分大きくなるようにコンデンサ3、電気二重層コンデンサ6、及びリアクトル7を選定すると、リップル電流は主に電解コンデンサ3に流れ、電気二重層コンデンサ6にはほとんど流れないようにすることができる。
具体的には、電気二重層コンデンサ6の内部抵抗をR1、容量をC1、リアクトル7のインダクタンスをL1、電解コンデンサ3の内部抵抗をR2、容量をC2とし、電源周波数をfとすると、電気二重層コンデンサ6及びとリアクトル7により決定されるインピーダンスZ1、及び電解コンデンサ3のインピーダンスZ2は下記の式1、式2で表される。ωの計算式は交流電源1が単相、三相の場合によって異なり、下記の式3、式4で表される。
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a power conversion device including an electric double layer capacitor according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, 1 is a single-phase or three-phase AC power source, 2 is a forward converter, 3 is an electrolytic capacitor, 4 is an electric motor, 5 is an inverter, 6 is an electric double layer capacitor, 7 is a reactor, Is a switch, 9 is a current detector such as CT, 10 is a protection circuit, and 12 is a resistor.
The present invention is different from the conventional power converter of Patent Document 1 in that a reactor 7, a switch 8, and a current detector 9 are provided in series on the energization line of the electric double layer capacitor 6. A protection circuit 10 that opens and closes the switch 8 based on detection of an increase in ripple current is provided.
Hereinafter, the operation of the power conversion device including the electric double layer capacitor of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
A reactor 7 and a switch 8 are connected in series to the electric double layer capacitor 6, and the current flowing through the electric double layer capacitor 6 is detected by a current detector 9. The switch 8 is normally turned on.
The electrolytic capacitor 3 and the electric double layer capacitor 6 are charged from the AC power source 1 through the forward conversion device 2 and the resistor 12, and when charging is completed, the switch 11 is turned on and both ends of the resistor 12 are short-circuited.
When the electric double layer capacitor 6 is being charged, or when the reverse conversion device 5 is operated after the electric double layer capacitor 6 is fully charged, a ripple current flows through the electrolytic capacitor 3 and the electric double layer capacitor 6. However, here, it is determined by the internal resistance of the electric double layer capacitor 6, the capacitor capacity, the inductance of the reactor 7, and the power supply frequency, rather than the impedance determined by the internal resistance, capacitor capacity, and power supply frequency of the electrolytic capacitor 3. When the capacitor 3, the electric double layer capacitor 6 and the reactor 7 are selected so that the impedance becomes sufficiently large, the ripple current mainly flows to the electrolytic capacitor 3 and hardly flows to the electric double layer capacitor 6. Can do.
Specifically, when the internal resistance of the electric double layer capacitor 6 is R1, the capacity is C1, the inductance of the reactor 7 is L1, the internal resistance of the electrolytic capacitor 3 is R2, the capacity is C2, and the power frequency is f, The impedance Z1 determined by the multilayer capacitor 6 and the reactor 7 and the impedance Z2 of the electrolytic capacitor 3 are expressed by the following formulas 1 and 2. The formula for calculating ω differs depending on whether the AC power source 1 is single-phase or three-phase, and is expressed by the following formulas 3 and 4.

単相電源の場合、
ω=2π×2f−−−−−−−−−(式3)
三相電源の場合、
ω=2π×6f−−−−−−−−−(式4)
ここで、Z1>>Z2となるようにR1、C1、L1、R2、C2を選定すると、リップル電流の大部分は電解コンデンサ3に流れることになり、電気二重層コンデンサ6にはほとんどリップル電流は流れないようにすることができる。
For single-phase power
ω = 2π × 2f --------- (Equation 3)
For a three-phase power supply
ω = 2π × 6f -------- (Formula 4)
Here, when R1, C1, L1, R2, and C2 are selected so that Z1 >> Z2, most of the ripple current flows through the electrolytic capacitor 3, and the electric double layer capacitor 6 has almost no ripple current. It can be prevented from flowing.

しかしながら、電解コンデンサ3の劣化によるインピーダンスZ2の増加、逆変換装置5の過大な負荷によるリップル電流の増加、主回路母線の地絡等が発生した場合、電気二重層コンデンサ6のリップル電流が増加することになり、放置すると電気二重層コンデンサ6の劣化、果ては破壊を招くことになる。
そこで本実施例における保護回路10は、電気二重層コンデンサ6のリップル電流を電流検出器9にて監視し、リップル電流が増加して予め設定された値を越えたことを検出すると、逆変換装置5が動作している時はこれを停止すると共に、スイッチ8を開路することにより電気二重層コンデンサ6にリップル電流が流れないようにし、電気二重層コンデンサ6の劣化、破壊を未然に防ぐ。
なお、電解コンデンサ3のインピーダンスが電気二重層コンデンサ6のインピーダンスより十分小さくなるよう各コンデンサを選定すれば、リアクトル7の削除は可能である。
However, when an increase in impedance Z2 due to deterioration of the electrolytic capacitor 3, an increase in ripple current due to an excessive load of the inverter 5, an earth fault of the main circuit bus, etc., the ripple current of the electric double layer capacitor 6 increases. If left unattended, the electric double layer capacitor 6 will be deteriorated and eventually destroyed.
Therefore, the protection circuit 10 according to the present embodiment monitors the ripple current of the electric double layer capacitor 6 with the current detector 9 and detects that the ripple current has increased and exceeded a preset value. When 5 is operating, this is stopped and the switch 8 is opened to prevent the ripple current from flowing through the electric double layer capacitor 6, thereby preventing deterioration and destruction of the electric double layer capacitor 6.
The reactor 7 can be deleted if each capacitor is selected so that the impedance of the electrolytic capacitor 3 is sufficiently smaller than the impedance of the electric double layer capacitor 6.

以上述べたように、本実施例に係る電気二重層コンデンサを備えた電力変換装置は、電気二重層コンデンサ6の通電ラインに、リアクトル7、スイッチ8、電流検出器9を備えているので、正常運転時には電気二重層コンデンサにリップル電流を流す事無く、また、何らかの異常が発生して電気二重層コンデンサにリップル電流が流れてもこのリップル電流を検出し、電気二重層コンデンサ6の通電を遮断することにより、電気二重層コンデンサ6の劣化、破壊を未然に防ぐことができる。   As described above, the power conversion device including the electric double layer capacitor according to the present embodiment includes the reactor 7, the switch 8, and the current detector 9 in the energization line of the electric double layer capacitor 6. During operation, the ripple current does not flow through the electric double layer capacitor, and even if some abnormality occurs and the ripple current flows through the electric double layer capacitor, this ripple current is detected and the electric double layer capacitor 6 is de-energized. As a result, the electric double layer capacitor 6 can be prevented from being deteriorated or destroyed.

図2は、本発明の第2実施例を示す電気二重層コンデンサを備えた蓄電装置の構成図であり、電気二重層コンデンサを備えた蓄電装置を分散電源システムに適用した例である。
図2において、20は蓄電装置、21はDC/DCコンバータ、22は電気二重層コンデンサ、23は電解コンデンサ、24はリアクトル、25はスイッチ、26はCTなどの電流検出器、27は保護回路、28は発電装置、29は発電制御コンバータ、30は負荷装置である。
本発明が、従来技術である特許文献2の蓄電装置と異なる点は、電気二重層コンデンサ22の通電ラインに、リアクトル24、スイッチ25、電流検出器26を直列に備え、電流検出器26によるリップル電流の増加検出に基づいてスイッチ25を開閉する保護回路27を備えるようにしている点である。
以下、図2を用いて本実施例の電気二重層コンデンサを備えた蓄電装置の動作を説明する。
風力発電装置、太陽光発電装置等の発電装置28は、発電制御コンバータ29によって制御され、その出力は直流電圧Vdcに変換され、負荷装置30に供給される。
蓄電装置20は、発電制御コンバータ29と負荷装置30との間に接続され、電解コンデンサ23、リアクトル24、スイッチ25、電流検出器26、電気二重層コンデンサ22、及びDC/DCコンバータ21より構成される。スイッチ25は、通常はオンしている。
DC/DCコンバータ21は、電気二重層コンデンサ22の充放電制御を行うことにより、発電装置28の発電電力の大小、負荷装置30の消費電力の大小にかかわらず、直流電圧Vdcを一定に制御するよう動作する。
具体的には、発電装置28から供給される電力が、負荷装置30で消費される電力より大きい時は、Vdcは上昇するが、その場合は、その差の電力を蓄電装置20内部の電気二重層コンデンサ22に充電し、Vdcを低下させる。その逆の、発電装置28から供給される電力が、負荷装置30で消費される電力より小さい時は、Vdcは低下するが、その場合は、その差の電力を蓄電装置20内部の電気二重層コンデンサ22から放電し、Vdcを上昇させる。
この蓄電装置20に適用した電気二重層コンデンサ22の場合も、前述の第1実施例の場合と同様、リップル電流が流れないようにする必要がある。
電気二重層コンデンサ22の内部抵抗をR1、容量をC1、リアクトル24のインダクタンスをL1、電解コンデンサ23の内部抵抗をR2、容量をC2とした時の、電解コンデンサ23、リアクトル24、電気二重層コンデンサ22の部品選定に関するインピーダンス計算式を式5、式6に示す。式5、式6は、前述の式1、式2と同じ式であるが、第1実施例で述べたインバータ等の順逆変換装置の主回路に適用する場合と異なる点は、周波数fである。周波数fは、蓄電装置に適用の場合は、DC/DCコンバータ21のスイッチング周波数とする。ωの計算式は下記の式7で表される。
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a power storage device including an electric double layer capacitor according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and is an example in which the power storage device including the electric double layer capacitor is applied to a distributed power supply system.
In FIG. 2, 20 is a power storage device, 21 is a DC / DC converter, 22 is an electric double layer capacitor, 23 is an electrolytic capacitor, 24 is a reactor, 25 is a switch, 26 is a current detector such as CT, 27 is a protection circuit, 28 is a power generation device, 29 is a power generation control converter, and 30 is a load device.
The present invention is different from the power storage device of Patent Document 2 that is a prior art in that a reactor 24, a switch 25, and a current detector 26 are provided in series on the energization line of the electric double layer capacitor 22, and the ripple caused by the current detector 26 A protection circuit 27 that opens and closes the switch 25 based on detection of an increase in current is provided.
Hereinafter, the operation of the power storage device including the electric double layer capacitor of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
A power generation device 28 such as a wind power generation device or a solar power generation device is controlled by a power generation control converter 29, and its output is converted into a DC voltage Vdc and supplied to a load device 30.
The power storage device 20 is connected between the power generation control converter 29 and the load device 30, and includes an electrolytic capacitor 23, a reactor 24, a switch 25, a current detector 26, an electric double layer capacitor 22, and a DC / DC converter 21. The The switch 25 is normally turned on.
The DC / DC converter 21 performs charge / discharge control of the electric double layer capacitor 22 to control the DC voltage Vdc constant regardless of the magnitude of the generated power of the power generator 28 and the power consumption of the load device 30. It works like this.
Specifically, when the power supplied from the power generation device 28 is larger than the power consumed by the load device 30, Vdc increases. In this case, the difference power is used as the electric power in the power storage device 20. The multilayer capacitor 22 is charged and Vdc is lowered. Conversely, when the power supplied from the power generation device 28 is smaller than the power consumed by the load device 30, Vdc decreases. In this case, the difference power is used as the electric double layer in the power storage device 20. The capacitor 22 is discharged to increase Vdc.
Also in the case of the electric double layer capacitor 22 applied to the power storage device 20, it is necessary to prevent the ripple current from flowing as in the case of the first embodiment.
When the internal resistance of the electric double layer capacitor 22 is R1, the capacitance is C1, the inductance of the reactor 24 is L1, the internal resistance of the electrolytic capacitor 23 is R2, and the capacitance is C2, the electrolytic capacitor 23, the reactor 24, and the electric double layer capacitor Formulas 5 and 6 show impedance calculation formulas for selecting 22 parts. Equations 5 and 6 are the same as Equations 1 and 2 described above, but the frequency f is different from those applied to the main circuit of the forward / reverse converter such as an inverter described in the first embodiment. . The frequency f is the switching frequency of the DC / DC converter 21 when applied to a power storage device. The calculation formula of ω is expressed by the following formula 7.

ω=2π×f−−−−−−−−−(式7)
前述の第1実施例の場合と同様、ここで、Z3>>Z4となるようにR1、C1、L1、R2、C2を選定すると、リップル電流の大部分は電解コンデンサ23に流れることになり、電気二重層コンデンサ22にはほとんどリップル電流は流れないようにすることができる。
ω = 2π × f -------- (Equation 7)
As in the case of the first embodiment, when R1, C1, L1, R2, and C2 are selected so that Z3 >> Z4, most of the ripple current flows to the electrolytic capacitor 23. Almost no ripple current can flow through the electric double layer capacitor 22.

保護回路27の動作に関しては、前述の第1実施例の場合と同様である。具体的には、電気二重層コンデンサ22のリップル電流を電流検出器26にて検出し、リップル電流の増加を検出すると、負荷装置30が動作している時はこれを停止すると共に、DC/DCコンバータ21を停止し、スイッチ25をオフして、電気二重層コンデンサ22にリップル電流が流れないようにし、電気二重層コンデンサ22の劣化、破壊を未然に防ぐ。   The operation of the protection circuit 27 is the same as that in the first embodiment. Specifically, when the ripple current of the electric double layer capacitor 22 is detected by the current detector 26 and an increase in the ripple current is detected, when the load device 30 is operating, this is stopped and the DC / DC The converter 21 is stopped and the switch 25 is turned off to prevent the ripple current from flowing through the electric double layer capacitor 22, thereby preventing the electric double layer capacitor 22 from being deteriorated or broken.

以上述べたように、本実施例に係る電気二重層コンデンサを備えた蓄電装置は、電気二重層コンデンサ22の通電ラインに、リアクトル24、スイッチ25、電流検出器26を備えているので、正常運転時には電気二重層コンデンサにリップル電流を流す事無く、また、何らかの異常が発生して電気二重層コンデンサにリップル電流が流れてもこのリップル電流を検出し、電気二重層コンデンサ22の通電を遮断することにより、電気二重層コンデンサ22の劣化、破壊を未然に防ぐことができる。   As described above, the power storage device including the electric double layer capacitor according to the present embodiment includes the reactor 24, the switch 25, and the current detector 26 in the energization line of the electric double layer capacitor 22. Sometimes the ripple current does not flow through the electric double layer capacitor, and even if some abnormality occurs and the ripple current flows through the electric double layer capacitor, this ripple current is detected and the electric double layer capacitor 22 is de-energized. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the electric double layer capacitor 22 from being deteriorated or destroyed.

本発明は、実施例に示したインバータドライブなどの電力変換装置、あるいは分散電源システムなどの蓄電装置のみならず、一般的な電気二重層コンデンサの応用装置に適用できる。
また、電解コンデンサに関しても、許容値を超える過大なリップル電流が流れると、素子の劣化、破壊を招く。電解コンデンサの通電ラインのリップル電流を電流検出器にて検出し、許容値を超えた場合はスイッチにて遮断することにより、電解コンデンサの劣化、破壊を防ぐことができる。したがって、本発明は電解コンデンサの保護回路にも適用可能であると言える。
The present invention can be applied not only to a power conversion device such as an inverter drive shown in the embodiments or a power storage device such as a distributed power supply system, but also to a general electric double layer capacitor application device.
Also, regarding the electrolytic capacitor, if an excessive ripple current exceeding the allowable value flows, the element is deteriorated or broken. By detecting the ripple current in the current-carrying line of the electrolytic capacitor with a current detector and shutting it off with a switch if the allowable value is exceeded, deterioration and destruction of the electrolytic capacitor can be prevented. Therefore, it can be said that the present invention can be applied to a protection circuit for an electrolytic capacitor.

本発明の第1実施例を示す電気二重層コンデンサを備えた電力変換装置の構成図The block diagram of the power converter device provided with the electric double layer capacitor which shows 1st Example of this invention 本発明の第2実施例を示す電気二重層コンデンサを備えた蓄電装置の構成図Configuration diagram of a power storage device including an electric double layer capacitor showing a second embodiment of the present invention

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 交流電源
2 順変換装置
3、23 電解コンデンサ
4 電動機
5 逆変換装置
6、22 電気二重層コンデンサ
7、24 リアクトル
8、11、25 スイッチ
9、26 電流検出器
10、27 保護回路
12 抵抗
20 蓄電装置
21 DC/DCコンバータ
28 発電装置
29 発電制御コンバータ
30 負荷装置
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 AC power supply 2 Forward conversion device 3, 23 Electrolytic capacitor 4 Electric motor 5 Reverse conversion device 6, 22 Electric double layer capacitor 7, 24 Reactor 8, 11, 25 Switch 9, 26 Current detector 10, 27 Protection circuit 12 Resistance 20 Storage Device 21 DC / DC converter 28 Power generation device 29 Power generation control converter 30 Load device

Claims (4)

交流電源(1)を直流電圧に変換する順変換装置(2)と、
前記直流電圧を平滑する電解コンデンサ(3)と、
前記直流電圧を交流電圧に変換して電動機(4)を駆動制御する逆変換装置(5)と、を有し、
前記直流電圧の回生電力を貯蔵する電気二重層コンデンサ(6)を備えた電力変換装置において、
前記電解コンデンサ(3)の直流母線間に直列に前記電気二重層コンデンサ(6)とリアクトル(7)を備え、
前記電気二重層コンデンサ(6)の内部抵抗とコンデンサ容量、前記リアクトル(7)のインダクタンス、前記交流電源(1)の電源周波数で決定される第1のインピーダンスをZ1とし、
前記電解コンデンサ(3)の内部抵抗とコンデンサ容量、前記交流電源(1)の電源周波数で決定される第2のインピーダンスをZ2とすると、
前記Z1と前記Z2の関係は、Z1>>Z2であることを特徴とする電気二重層コンデンサを備えた電力変換装置。
A forward converter (2) for converting the AC power source (1) into a DC voltage;
An electrolytic capacitor (3) for smoothing the DC voltage;
An inverse converter (5) that converts the DC voltage into an AC voltage and controls the drive of the electric motor (4),
In the power converter comprising the electric double layer capacitor (6) for storing the regenerative power of the DC voltage,
The electric double layer capacitor (6) and the reactor (7) are provided in series between the DC buses of the electrolytic capacitor (3),
The first impedance determined by the internal resistance and capacitor capacity of the electric double layer capacitor (6), the inductance of the reactor (7), and the power supply frequency of the AC power supply (1) is Z1,
If the second impedance determined by the internal resistance and capacitor capacity of the electrolytic capacitor (3) and the power supply frequency of the AC power supply (1) is Z2,
A power conversion apparatus including an electric double layer capacitor, wherein the relationship between Z1 and Z2 is Z1 >> Z2.
前記電気二重層コンデンサ(6)、前記リアクトル(7)と直列に接続されたスイッチ(8)および電流検出器(9)と、
前記電流検出器(9)で検出した電流のリップル成分を監視し、予め設定された値を超えると前記スイッチ(8)により前記電流を遮断するとともに前記逆変換装置(5)が動作している時はその動作を停止する保護回路(10)と、を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電気二重層コンデンサを備えた電力変換装置。
The electric double layer capacitor (6), a switch (8) and a current detector (9) connected in series with the reactor (7);
The ripple component of the current detected by the current detector (9) is monitored, and when the preset value is exceeded, the current is cut off by the switch (8) and the inverse converter (5) is operating. A power conversion device comprising an electric double layer capacitor according to claim 1, further comprising a protection circuit (10) that stops the operation of the device at times.
発電制御コンバータ(29)と並列に接続されたDC−DCコンバータ(21)を有し、
前記DC−DCコンバータ(21)で変換された直流電力を蓄電する電気二重層コンデンサ(22)を備えた蓄電装置において、
前記DC−DCコンバータ(21)の出力に並列接続された電解コンデンサ(23)と、
前記電解コンデンサ(23)の直流母線間に直列に接続された前記電気二重層コンデンサ(22)およびリアクトル(24)を備え、
前記電気二重層コンデンサ(22)の内部抵抗とコンデンサ容量、前記リアクトル(7)のインダクタンス、前記DC−DCコンバータ(21)のスイッチング周波数で決定される第1のインピーダンスをZ3とし、
前記電解コンデンサ(23)の内部抵抗とコンデンサ容量、前記DC−DCコンバータ(21)のスイッチング周波数で決定される第2のインピーダンスをZ4とすると、
前記Z3と前記Z4の関係は、Z3>>Z4であることを特徴とする電気二重層コンデンサを備えた蓄電装置。
A DC-DC converter (21) connected in parallel with the power generation control converter (29);
In a power storage device including an electric double layer capacitor (22) for storing DC power converted by the DC-DC converter (21),
An electrolytic capacitor (23) connected in parallel to the output of the DC-DC converter (21);
The electric double layer capacitor (22) and the reactor (24) connected in series between the DC buses of the electrolytic capacitor (23),
The first impedance determined by the internal resistance and capacitor capacity of the electric double layer capacitor (22), the inductance of the reactor (7), and the switching frequency of the DC-DC converter (21) is Z3,
If the second impedance determined by the internal resistance and capacitor capacity of the electrolytic capacitor (23) and the switching frequency of the DC-DC converter (21) is Z4,
A power storage device including an electric double layer capacitor, wherein the relationship between Z3 and Z4 is Z3 >> Z4.
前記電気二重層コンデンサ(22)、前記リアクトル(24)と直列に接続されたスイッチ(25)および電流検出器(26)と、
前記電流検出器(26)で検出した電流のリップル成分を監視し、予め設定された値を超えると前記スイッチ(25)により前記電流を遮断すると共に前記DC−DCコンバータ(21)の動作を停止する保護回路(27)と、を備えたことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の電気二重層コンデンサを備えた蓄電装置。
The electric double layer capacitor (22), a switch (25) and a current detector (26) connected in series with the reactor (24);
The ripple component of the current detected by the current detector (26) is monitored, and when the value exceeds a preset value, the current is cut off by the switch (25) and the operation of the DC-DC converter (21) is stopped. A power storage device comprising the electric double layer capacitor according to claim 3, further comprising:
JP2006076482A 2006-03-20 2006-03-20 Power conversion device and power storage device provided with electric double layer capacitor Expired - Fee Related JP4929771B2 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2230753A1 (en) * 2009-03-17 2010-09-22 ABB Schweiz AG Component protection for a multi-level commutator
JP2011101456A (en) * 2009-11-04 2011-05-19 Fuji Electric Systems Co Ltd Power converter
JP2015133883A (en) * 2014-01-11 2015-07-23 嶋田 隆一 capacitor bank
JP2018067977A (en) * 2016-10-17 2018-04-26 マツダ株式会社 Power supply device of vehicle

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JP2003284387A (en) * 2002-03-25 2003-10-03 Isao Takahashi Method and apparatus for controlling inverter
JP2005263409A (en) * 2004-03-18 2005-09-29 Toshiba Elevator Co Ltd Elevator control device

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