JP2007254385A - Animal repellent - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a repellent exhibiting repelling effects on an animal such as a deer without generating bad smell. <P>SOLUTION: The animal repellent contains octadecenamide represented by formula (I): NH<SB>2</SB>OC-(CH<SB>2</SB>)<SB>7</SB>-CH=CH-(CH<SB>2</SB>)<SB>7</SB>-CH<SB>3</SB>and a compound represented by general formula (II): NH<SB>2</SB>OC-(CH<SB>2</SB>)<SB>n</SB>-CH<SB>3</SB>(wherein, n is a natural number of 10-16) as active ingredients. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an animal repellent for repelling animals such as deer.

It is known that the excrement of tiger and lion carnivores, such as urine and feces, has a repellent effect on other animals such as deer. However, the excrement of carnivorous animals generates a strong odor when sprayed as an aqueous solution, which is a serious problem in actual use. In addition, it has been reported that the odor disappears and the repellent effect disappears in one to two weeks after spraying (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Under such circumstances, there was no movement to identify the malodorous component in the feces as a repellent. Rather, attempts have been made to induce deer by spraying a deodorant-like compound (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
JP 2004-189684 A US Pat. No. 6,460,487

  Therefore, the repellent effect due to the excrement of carnivorous animals is not permanent and is not expected. Moreover, it was rejected in spraying work and spraying areas because of its unimaginable odor and was not practical. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an animal repellent which has no odor and has a repellent effect as a result of repeated trial and error.

  The first feature of the present invention is an animal repellent which contains an octadecenamide represented by the following formula (I) and a compound represented by the following general formula (II).

NH ₂ OC- (CH ₂ ) ₇ -CH = CH- (CH ₂ ) ₇ -CH ₃ (I)
NH ₂ OC- (CH ₂ ) n-CH ₃ (II)
(In the formula, n represents a natural number from 10 to 16.)

What is the compound represented by the general formula (II)?
Dodecanamide NH ₂ OC (CH ₂ ) ₁₀ CH ₃ , tridecanamide NH ₂ OC (CH ₂ ) ₁₁ CH ₃ ,
Tetradecanamide NH ₂ OC (CH ₂ ) ₁₂ CH ₃ , Pentadecanamide NH ₂ OC (CH ₂ ) ₁₃ CH ₃ , Hexadecanamide NH ₂ OC (CH ₂ ) ₁₄ CH ₃ , Heptadecanamide NH ₂ OC (CH ₂ ) ₁₅ CH ₃ means octadecanamide NH ₂ OC (CH ₂ ) ₁₆ CH ₃ .

  The second feature of the present invention is an animal repellent, (1) soaking lion feces in diethyl ether, (2) removing the residue by suction filtration to obtain a filtrate, and (3) centrifuging the filtrate. A supernatant is obtained by separation, (4) ether is removed from the supernatant to obtain an extract sample, and (5) ethanol is added to the extract sample, and a reverse phase medium pressure liquid using an ODS column is obtained. It contains a substance contained in the second fraction of the first to fourth fractions obtained when subjected to chromatography.

  According to the feature of the present invention, an animal such as deer can be repelled by a repellent that does not generate malodor.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below. The following description is merely an example, and the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description.

[Extract repellent ingredients]
The effluent generated from the lion breeding ground in Morioka City Zoo was collected and air-dried for 2 weeks, and then the dried effluent was pulverized with a mixer. Diethyl ether was added to 200 g of the pulverized sample until the sample was immersed, stirred well, and immersed in a low temperature dark room for a whole day and night. After extraction, most of the residue was removed by suction filtration, and the filtrate was further centrifuged to recover the supernatant as an ether extract. 1.21 g of extract sample was obtained by removing ether using a rotary evaporator. As will be described later, in the repellent test at Morioka City Animal Park, it was confirmed that this extract retains the repellent effect similar to the lion excrement.

[Fractionation of extract]
Fractionation was performed using reverse phase medium pressure liquid chromatography. Ethanol was added to the extract sample so that it might become 0.1 g / ml, and it was set as the sample for fractionation. Use ODS (octadecylsilylated silica gel) -rover column (LiChroprep RP-18: inner diameter 25 mm x 310 mm) as the column, inject 0.5 g sample at a time, and elute with ethanol (flow rate 1.0 ml / min). Fractionated.

The eluted components were monitored with a differential refractometer to obtain fractions Nos. 1 to 4 (FIG. 1). As shown in Fig. 1, the peaks of fractions No. 1 to 3 are as follows: Fraction No. 1: About 18 minutes from the start of elution Fraction No. 2: About 20 minutes from the start of elution Fraction No. 3: About 31 minutes from the start of elution there were.

  The yield of each fraction obtained by removing the solvent was 0.07 g (yield 5.8%) for No.1, 0.38 g (yield 31.4%) for No.2, and 0.32 g (yield 26.0%) for No.3. No. 4 was 0.10 g (yield 8.2%), and the total recovery rate was 71%. Each sample was added with 200 ml of ethanol so as to have the same concentration as the excrement sample, and used as a sample for a repellent test. When each sample was diluted 100 times with water and sprayed, a remarkable repellent effect was observed in fraction No. 2, as described later. The final concentration of each fraction was 3.5 mg / l for No. 1, 19 mg / l for No. 2, 16 mg / l for No. 3, and 5.0 mg / l for No. 4.

[Repellent test]
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an outline of a deer building facility for which a repelling test was performed. Based on FIG. 2, the conditions of the repelling test will be described. In addition, the unit of the numerical value in a figure is mm. In the zoo, a net 12 is set up in the deer release area 10 from 16:30 after closing to 9:00 before opening the next morning, and passages 11 and 13 are made on both sides of the net so that there is no influence of the audience. Pipes (not shown) with holes formed in both passages 11 and 13 are installed. The length of the pipe was 1 m, the diameter of the pipe was 30 mm, the diameter of the hole was 10 mm, the number of holes was nine, and two in the passage 11 and two in the passage 13 were installed. The deer is usually in the back of the day (a position opposite to the feeding room 16 across the net 12) during the daytime, but at night it comes to the feeding room 16 for food. At that time, the deer must pass through either the passage 11 or the passage 13.

  Under the above conditions, the passage condition of each passage was recorded with video cameras 14 and 15 for 3 days with nothing inserted in the pipe, and the number of passages was measured. Thereafter, a paper soaked with a solution in which the sample was dissolved was set in the pipe of one of the passages. In that state, the number of passages in each passage was similarly measured. The pipe containing the sample was set every day when the net was installed, and the entire pipe was collected when the net was removed. In the opening hours, an empty pipe was set instead. Samples were presented to the same side passage for 4 days. The average value of the number of passages through each passage under the sample presentation for 4 days was taken as the actual measurement value. After that, the experiment was performed for each fraction by changing the set passage and the sample in the form of 3 days in which nothing was put and 4 days of presentation at intervals of 1 week.

Table 1 shows measured values, expected values, and chi-square values.

  The expected value is a value that can be expected (estimated) to pass through each passage if it is estimated from the number of passages measured in a state where there is nothing in each passage and the total number of actually measured values passes.

For example, with nothing in the pipe,
The number of passes through the left passage 11 on the first day is X01L, the number of passes through the right passage 13 is X01R,
On the second day, the number of passes through the left passage 11 is X02L, the number of passes through the right passage 13 is X02R,
On the third day, the number of passes through the left passage 11 is X03L, the number of passes through the right passage 13 is X03R,
With the paper soaked with the solution in which the fraction No. 1 sample was dissolved only in the pipe of the left passage 11,
The number of passes through the left passage 11 on the first day is Y11LL (“11LL” is “1” in fraction No. 1, “1” on the first day—the sample is set in the left passage pipe “L” “-L indicates the left passage number“ L ”. The same applies hereinafter.) The number of passages through the right passage 13 is Y11LR.
On the second day, the number of passes through the left passage 11 is Y12LL, the number of passes through the right passage 13 is Y12LR,
On the third day, the number of passes through the left passage 11 is Y13LL, the number of passes through the right passage 13 is Y13LR,
On the fourth day, the number of passes through the left passage 11 is Y14LL, and the number of passes through the right passage 13 is Y14LR.
The measured value of the left passage 11 in a state in which the paper in which the solution of the fraction No. 1 sample is soaked only in the pipe of the left passage 11 is set to (Y11LL + Y12LL + Y13LL + Y14LL) / 4,
The measured value of the right passage 13 is (Y11LR + Y12LR + Y13LR + Y14LR) / 4.

And
X01: 3L = X01L + X02L + X03L
X01: 3R = X01R + X02R + X03R
Y11: 4LL = Y11LL + Y12LL + Y13LL + Y14LL
Y11: 4LR = Y11LR + Y12LR + Y13LR + Y14LR
When the expected value of passing through the left passage 11 is set as EV1LL in a state where a paper in which a solution in which the fraction No. 1 sample is dissolved is set only in the pipe of the left passage 11,
EV1LL = (Y11: 4LL + Y11: 4LR) × X01: 3L / (X01: 3L + X01: 3R) / 4.

The chi-square value is a test value that classifies the data by item (two items on the right and left in this case) and determines whether it is the proportion as expected,
The chi-square value = the sum of ((actual value−expected value) ² / expected value).

If “χ ² (1,0.05) = 3.841” has a chi-square value greater than 3.841, it can be said that the experimental result (actually measured value) is significantly different from the predicted (expected value), and the same result occurs by chance. The probability is 5% (0.05) or less. If “χ ² (1,0.01) = 6.635” is greater than 6.635, the (actual value) is significantly different from the prediction (expected value), and the probability that a similar result will occur by chance is 1% (0.01). It represents the following. If “χ ² (1,0.001) = 10.828” is greater than 10.828, (actual value) is significantly different from the predicted (expected value), and the probability that a similar result will occur by chance is 0.1% (0.001) It represents the following.

  Similarly, when observing Fraction No. 2 and No. 3, the number of passes on the right side decreases when the sample is placed on the right side and the left side passes when the sample is placed on the left side. It is considered that fraction No. 2 in which the number of times decreases and the difference between the actually measured value and the expected value is the largest (the left-right average value of the chi-square value is the largest) contains an active ingredient having a repellent action.

  In addition, “ethanol left (right)” was tested by presenting a sample dehydrated with ethanol every day to deer. "Ethanol vaporization left (right)" was tested by leaving a sample soaked with ethanol for 2 weeks and then presenting it to a deer.

[Ingredient composition of repellent active fraction No. 2]
Regarding the remarkable repellent action fraction No. 2, the component composition was analyzed by a gas chromatography mass spectrometer (trade name GCMS-QP2010, Shimadzu Corporation). The analysis conditions are as follows.

Column: SUPELCO MDS-5S (0.25mm x 30m), Carrier gas: He (1ml / min),
Temperature: vaporization chamber 300 ° C / detector 300 ° C / column initial temperature 120 ° C (10 minutes hold) / column final temperature 300 ° C (temperature increase rate 3 ° C / min; hold 20 minutes), ionization method: electron ionization method (70 eV )
The analysis results are shown in FIG.

  As shown in Tables 2 and 3, Fraction 2 is composed mainly of long-chain fatty acids having 14 to 19 carbon atoms, and other components such as aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic aldehydes, fatty acid amides, steroidal compounds and the like. I found out. Specifically, the fatty acid amide is an octadecenamide represented by the following formula (I) and a compound represented by the following general formula (II).

NH ₂ OC- (CH ₂ ) ₇ -CH = CH- (CH ₂ ) ₇ -CH ₃ (I)
NH ₂ OC- (CH ₂ ) n-CH ₃ (II)
(In the formula, n represents a natural number from 10 to 16.)

What is the compound represented by the general formula (II)?
Dodecanamide NH ₂ OC (CH ₂ ) ₁₀ CH ₃ , tridecanamide NH ₂ OC (CH ₂ ) ₁₁ CH ₃ ,
Tetradecanamide NH ₂ OC (CH ₂ ) ₁₂ CH ₃ , Pentadecanamide NH ₂ OC (CH ₂ ) ₁₃ CH ₃ , Hexadecanamide NH ₂ OC (CH ₂ ) ₁₄ CH ₃ , Heptadecanamide NH ₂ OC (CH ₂ ) ₁₅ CH ₃ means octadecanamide NH ₂ OC (CH ₂ ) ₁₆ CH ₃ .

  Surprisingly, the compound represented by the formula (I) and the compound represented by the general formula (II) are not generally contained in the excrement of carnivorous animals as malodorous substances. However, as is clear from the above examples, it is understood that these compounds have a permanent repellent action.

It is a figure which shows the fraction by the medium pressure liquid chromatography of an ether extract. It is a figure which shows the outline | summary of the deer building facility which performed the repellent test. It is a figure which shows the TIM-GC chromatogram of lion excrement fraction No.2.

Explanation of symbols

10 ... Release area 11, 13 ... Passage 12 ... Nets 14, 15 ... Video camera 16 ... Feeding room

Claims (2)

An animal repellent containing an octadecenamide represented by the following formula (I) and a compound represented by the following general formula (II).
NH ₂ OC- (CH ₂ ) ₇ -CH = CH- (CH ₂ ) ₇ -CH ₃ (I)
NH ₂ OC- (CH ₂ ) n-CH ₃ (II)
(In the formula, n represents a natural number from 10 to 16.)   (1) Lion feces are immersed in diethyl ether, (2) the residue is removed by suction filtration to obtain a filtrate, (3) the filtrate is centrifuged to obtain a supernatant, and (4) the supernatant (5) First to fourth fractions obtained by adding ethanol to the extract sample and subjecting it to reverse phase medium pressure liquid chromatography using an ODS column. An animal repellent containing a substance contained in the second fraction of the above.

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