JP2007252068A - Rotary electric machine for vehicle - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
この発明は、自動車等の車輌用回転電機に関するものであり、特に車輌エンジンに連結されて、電動機として駆動する時は、エンジンにトルクを伝達し、始動やアイドリングストップ時にエンジンを駆動し、発電機として駆動する時は、エンジンのトルクを受けて回転駆動される電動、発電機に係るものである。 The present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine for a vehicle such as an automobile, and in particular, when connected to a vehicle engine and driven as an electric motor, torque is transmitted to the engine, and the engine is driven at start-up and idling stop. Is driven by an electric motor / generator that is rotationally driven in response to engine torque.
車輌用回転電機は、車載バッテリを電源として用いられるが、車輌用のバッテリの端子電圧は従来から14V以下であることが多く、このバッテリを用いて力行(アイドリングストップやエンジンアシスト)を行うときに、電圧が小さいため出力トルクが大きくできないという問題点がある。このため前記問題を解消するための一方法として電圧制御を行わず、最大電圧を利用できる電圧位相のみを制御する180°あるいは120°矩形波通電方式、あるいはこのコンバインド方式が提案されている(例えば、特許文献1)。 A vehicular rotating electrical machine uses an in-vehicle battery as a power source, but the terminal voltage of the vehicular battery is conventionally 14 V or less, and when performing power running (idling stop or engine assist) using this battery, There is a problem that the output torque cannot be increased because the voltage is small. For this reason, a 180 ° or 120 ° rectangular wave energization method that controls only the voltage phase in which the maximum voltage can be used, or this combined method is proposed as a method for solving the above problem (for example, Patent Document 1).
しかしながら前記特許文献1には、電機子巻線電流値を制御することが示されているにすぎず、最近の乗用車等に要求されているアイドリングストップ時やエンジンアシスト時のより一層の高トルク高出力化に対して考慮されていない。
However,
一般に、固定子巻線の巻数を多くした場合、同一電流では速度0(アイドリングストップ時)におけるトルクは向上できる。しかし巻数が多いために巻線抵抗も大となり通電電流は減少する。高速域(エンジンアシスト時)においては、回転子の界磁巻線に電流を流すことにより発生する磁束と、固定子巻線の磁束の合計×回転数+抵抗ドロップが電源電圧となるよう制御する必要があり、このときの最適な配分を設定する必要がある。 In general, when the number of turns of the stator winding is increased, the torque at speed 0 (when idling is stopped) can be improved with the same current. However, since the number of turns is large, the winding resistance becomes large and the conduction current decreases. In the high-speed range (during engine assist), control is performed so that the total of the magnetic flux generated by passing a current through the rotor field winding and the magnetic flux of the stator winding × the number of rotations + resistance drop becomes the power supply voltage. It is necessary to set an optimal distribution at this time.
この発明は前記のような課題を解決するためになされたものであり、速度0(アイドリングストップ時)におけるトルクを向上させるとともに、高速域(エンジンアシスト時)の出力を向上させるものである。 The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and is intended to improve the torque at a speed of 0 (when idling is stopped) and improve the output in a high speed range (when the engine is assisted).
この発明に係る車輌用回転電機は、エンジンに連結されバッテリと、インバータとこのインバータに接続され固定子巻線を有する固定子と、回転子とを備え、
バッテリの内部抵抗をRb、
バッテリとインバータ間の接続回路抵抗をRdc、
インバータの順方向抵抗をRinv、
インバータと固定子巻線間の接続回路抵抗をRac、
とするとき、
固定子巻線の抵抗値Rstが
Rst=K{2/3(Rb+Rdc)+(Rinv+Rac)}
但し、0.6≦K≦1.7
で表される値を満足するようインバータ制御により、電気角で180度区間の矩形波通電を行うものである。
A rotating electrical machine for a vehicle according to the present invention includes a battery connected to an engine, an inverter, a stator connected to the inverter and having a stator winding, and a rotor.
R b , the internal resistance of the battery
The connection circuit resistance between the battery and the inverter is R dc ,
R inv , the forward resistance of the inverter,
R ac , the connection circuit resistance between the inverter and stator winding
And when
The resistance value Rst of the stator winding is Rst = K {2/3 ( Rb + Rdc ) + ( Rinv + Rac )}
However, 0.6 ≦ K ≦ 1.7
In the inverter control, rectangular wave energization is performed in an electrical angle range of 180 degrees so as to satisfy the value represented by:
この発明に係る車輌用回転電機は、バッテリの内部抵抗をRb、バッテリとインバータ間の接続回路抵抗をRdc、インバータの順方向抵抗をRinv、インバータと固定子巻線間の接続回路抵抗をRacとするとき、
固定子巻線の抵抗値Rstが
Rst=K{2/3(Rb+Rdc)+(Rinv+Rac)}
但し、0.6≦K≦1.7
で表される値を満足するようインバータ制御で電気角で180度区間の矩形波通電を行うので、最適な抵抗値(巻数)を設定することができ、搭載するバッテリ電源においてアイドリングストップ時の起動トルクを最大化することができるという効果がある。
In the vehicular rotating electrical machine according to the present invention, the internal resistance of the battery is R b , the connection circuit resistance between the battery and the inverter is R dc , the forward resistance of the inverter is R inv , and the connection circuit resistance between the inverter and the stator winding Is R ac ,
Resistance Rst of the stator windings R st = K {2/3 (R b + R dc) + (R inv + R ac)}
However, 0.6 ≦ K ≦ 1.7
In order to satisfy the value expressed by the following equation, a rectangular wave of 180 degrees in electrical angle is controlled by inverter control, so the optimum resistance value (number of turns) can be set, and start-up when idling stops in the installed battery power supply There is an effect that the torque can be maximized.
実施の形態1.
以下、この発明の実施の形態1を図に基づいて説明する。
図1はこの実施の形態1による回転電機の通電系統回路図を示す。回転電機1は電動機あるいは電動、発電機のいずれかであってもよい。この回転電機1は車載バッテリ2からインバータ3を介して通電される。ここで、
Vb0;バッテリ電圧、
Rb;バッテリ内部抵抗、
Rdc;バッテリ、インバータ間接続回路抵抗(DCライン抵抗)、
Rinv;インバータ順方向抵抗、
Rac;インバータ、固定子巻線間接続回路抵抗(ACライン抵抗)、
Rst;固定子巻線抵抗
である。
図1では回転電機1の固定子巻線はY結線を示しているが、Δ結線の場合は図2のように等価Y結線として考えるものとする。
図中インバータ3として点線で囲まれた部分は、180°区間通電する駆動方式の場合、各相(図では3相)で上アームか下アームのいずれかがONされており、他方はOFFされているため、図中Vdcで示した位置より左側(AC回路)では、どの運転状態においても2相が並列回路をなしている。よって、速度0におけるDCライン電流Idc0は、次式(1)で表される。
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a power distribution system for a rotating electrical machine according to the first embodiment. The rotating
V b0 ; battery voltage,
R b ; battery internal resistance,
R dc ; battery, connection circuit resistance between inverters (DC line resistance),
R inv ; inverter forward resistance,
R ac ; inverter, stator winding connection circuit resistance (AC line resistance),
R st ; Stator winding resistance.
In FIG. 1, the stator winding of the rotating
In the figure, the portion surrounded by a dotted line as the
(4)(5)式を最大とする巻数Nの条件は、分母の微分が0となる条件である。よって、180°区間通電する駆動方式の場合は式(6)となる。
180°区間通電する駆動方式の場合には
しかし、上記の式(8)(9)は巻数を小数点を含めて自由に選べるときの理論計算値であり、実際には巻数は整数あるいはΔ結線では整数/√3のように、飛び飛びの値となる。よって、次の(10)(11)式に示す係数k180,k120を用いて、巻線抵抗の許容範囲を決定する。
180°区間通電する駆動方式の場合
180°区間通電する駆動方式の場合
In the case of a drive system that energizes a 180 ° section
However, the above formulas (8) and (9) are theoretically calculated values when the number of turns can be freely selected including the decimal point. Actually, the number of turns is an integer or a jump value such as integer / √3 in Δ connection. It becomes. Therefore, the allowable range of the winding resistance is determined using the coefficients k 180 and k 120 shown in the following equations (10) and (11).
In the case of a drive system that energizes a 180 ° section
In the case of a drive system that energizes a 180 ° section
また、(10)(11)式を(1)(2)式に代入すると次式(15)(16)を得る。
180°区間通電する駆動方式の場合
180°区間通電する駆動方式の場合
図3より、速度0トルクが、k値が1のときと比較して3%低下する範囲を設定すると、
0.6≦K≦1.7
が得られる。図4にその一例を示す。
Further, when the expressions (10) and (11) are substituted into the expressions (1) and (2), the following expressions (15) and (16) are obtained.
In the case of a drive system that energizes a 180 ° section
In the case of a drive system that energizes a 180 ° section
From FIG. 3, when setting a range in which the
0.6 ≦ K ≦ 1.7
Is obtained. An example is shown in FIG.
実施の形態2.
次に実施の形態2について説明する。
界磁磁束のみにより固定子に発生させる電圧が電源電圧を超えるため、固定子から界磁磁束を打ち消す向きに磁束を発生させる電流を流す必要がある回転速度における出力Po(ここでは高速出力と呼ぶ)を増加させる電機子電流の範囲を規定する。
線間電圧V、総磁束φとすると3相2相変換した電機子電流I(=√3Iarms)は次式(19)で表される。
(23)式に(10)式を代入すると(25)式となり
図5より、0.6≦k180≦1.7の範囲では、
0.34≦Iarms/Idc0≦0.36
の関係のとき、高速出力(エンジンアシスト時出力)が最も大きくなるといえる。
Next, a second embodiment will be described.
Since the voltage generated in the stator only by the field magnetic flux exceeds the power supply voltage, the output P o (here, the high-speed output and the high-speed output) is required to flow a current that generates the magnetic flux in the direction to cancel the field magnetic flux from the stator. Specifies the range of armature currents that increase.
Assuming that the line voltage is V and the total magnetic flux is φ, the armature current I (= √3I arms ) converted into three phases and two phases is expressed by the following equation (19).
Substituting equation (10) into equation (23) yields equation (25)
From FIG. 5, in the range of 0.6 ≦ k 180 ≦ 1.7,
0.34 ≦ I arms / I dc0 ≦ 0.36
Therefore, it can be said that the high-speed output (output at the time of engine assist) becomes the largest.
同様に、120°区間通電する駆動方式の場合、V=3/√2πVdc、Vdc=Vb0−Idc(Rdc+Rb)、Idc=√6/πIの関係を(19)式に代入すると、次式(28)が得られる。
(31)式に(11)式を代入すると(33)式が得られ
図6より、0.6≦k120≦1.7の範囲では、
0.375≦Iarms/Idc0≦0.39
の関係のとき、高速出力が最も大きくなるといえる。
Similarly, in the case of a driving method in which energization is performed in a 120 ° section, the relationship of V = 3 / √2πV dc , V dc = V b0 −I dc (R dc + R b ), and I dc = √6 / πI is expressed by equation (19). Substituting into, the following equation (28) is obtained.
Substituting equation (11) into equation (31) yields equation (33).
From FIG. 6, in the range of 0.6 ≦ k 120 ≦ 1.7,
0.375 ≦ I arms / I dc0 ≦ 0.39
In this relation, it can be said that the high-speed output is the largest.
実施の形態3.
次に実施の形態3について説明する。
エンジンのトルクの温度変化は図7のようになっており、オイルの粘性の温度変化などが要因で低温ほどエンジンをかけるのに必要なトルクは大きくなる。それに対して、電動機も低温の方が固定子巻線などの抵抗が下がるために電流が増え、トルクは大きくなる。ただし、バッテリの内部抵抗は低温ほど大きくなるので組み合わせ次第で逆に低温のほうが電流が小さくなってトルクが低下する場合もある。要求されるトルク、すなわちエンジン始動に必要なトルクに対して、電動機のトルクをなるべく大きくとりたい場合に、最も低い温度でトルクが最大となる巻線仕様を選定することで、エンジンの始動を少しでも早くすることが可能となる。
この実施の形態3では、一般温暖地向エンジン仕様用の回転電機としては周囲温度40℃〜80℃として、また寒冷地向仕様の最も低い温度としては−60℃〜−20℃とする固定子巻線抵抗値を選定することで、その温度におけるエンジンの出力持性を向上させることが出来る。
Next, a third embodiment will be described.
The temperature change of the engine torque is as shown in FIG. 7, and the torque required to start the engine increases as the temperature decreases due to the temperature change of the viscosity of the oil. On the other hand, when the electric motor is also at a low temperature, the resistance of the stator windings and the like decreases, so that the current increases and the torque increases. However, since the internal resistance of the battery increases as the temperature decreases, the current may decrease and the torque may decrease depending on the combination. If you want to make the motor torque as large as possible compared to the required torque, that is, the torque required for starting the engine, select a winding specification that maximizes the torque at the lowest temperature. But it can be done quickly.
In this third embodiment, the stator is set to an ambient temperature of 40 ° C. to 80 ° C. as a rotating electric machine for general warm region engine specifications, and −60 ° C. to −20 ° C. as the lowest temperature of cold region specifications. By selecting the winding resistance value, it is possible to improve the output power of the engine at that temperature.
実施の形態4.
次に実施の形態4について説明する。
低温では始動しないシステムの場合は低温でのトルクは不要となるため、使用範囲内でもっとも高温となるところで仕様を決定することで、アイドルストップ後のエンジン再始動やアシストに対して要求トルクをなるべく上回る特性を出すことができる。回転電機の温度が上昇すると巻線抵抗が増加し、銅損が増加することから、温度が最も高いときに出力が最も低下する。この温度条件が最悪の状況で最大出力を得るには、上記の設定巻線抵抗を回転電機の最大温度140℃〜180℃で満足する必要がある。
このようにこの実施の形態4でも、周囲温度に合わせた固定子巻線抵抗値を選定するので、その温度における出力持性が向上する。
Embodiment 4 FIG.
Next, a fourth embodiment will be described.
In the case of a system that does not start at low temperatures, torque at low temperatures is unnecessary, so by determining the specifications at the highest temperature within the operating range, the required torque for engine restart and assist after idle stop is as much as possible Superior characteristics can be achieved. When the temperature of the rotating electrical machine rises, the winding resistance increases and the copper loss increases. Therefore, the output decreases most when the temperature is the highest. In order to obtain the maximum output under the worst condition of this temperature condition, it is necessary to satisfy the set winding resistance at the maximum temperature of 140 ° C. to 180 ° C. of the rotating electrical machine.
As described above, also in the fourth embodiment, since the stator winding resistance value matching the ambient temperature is selected, the output durability at that temperature is improved.
この発明の実施の形態1〜4は、車輌用エンジンに連続された発動機、電動・発電機等の回転電機に利用可能である。
1 回転電機、2 バッテリ、3 インバータ、Vb0 バッテリ電圧、
Rb バッテリ内部抵抗、
Rdc バッテリ、インバータ間接続回路(DCライン)抵抗、
Rinv インバータ順方向抵抗、
Rac インバータ、固定子巻線間接続回路(ACライン)抵抗、
Rst 固定子巻線抵抗。
1 rotating electrical machine, 2 battery, 3 inverter, Vb0 battery voltage,
Rb battery internal resistance,
R dc battery, inverter connection circuit (DC line) resistance,
R inv inverter forward resistance,
Rac inverter, stator winding connection circuit (AC line) resistance,
R st stator winding resistance.
Claims (7)
前記バッテリの内部抵抗をRb、
前記バッテリと前記インバータ間の接続回路抵抗をRdc、
前記インバータの順方向抵抗をRinv、
前記インバータと前記固定子巻線間の接続回路抵抗をRac、
とするとき、
前記固定子巻線の抵抗値Rstが
Rst=K{2/3(Rb+Rdc)+(Rinv+Rac)}
但し、0.6≦K≦1.7
で表される値を満足するよう前記インバータ制御により、電気角で180度区間の矩形波通電を行うことを特徴とする車輌用回転電機。 In a rotating electrical machine for a vehicle including a battery, an inverter, a stator connected to the inverter and having a stator winding, and a rotor and coupled to an engine,
The internal resistance of the battery is R b ,
The connection circuit resistance between the battery and the inverter is R dc ,
R inv , the forward resistance of the inverter,
A connection circuit resistance between the inverter and the stator winding is represented by R ac ,
And when
The resistance value Rst of the stator winding is Rst = K {2/3 ( Rb + Rdc ) + ( Rinv + Rac )}
However, 0.6 ≦ K ≦ 1.7
A rotating electric machine for a vehicle, wherein rectangular wave energization is performed in an electrical angle of 180 degrees by the inverter control so as to satisfy a value represented by:
前記バッテリの内部抵抗をRb、
前記バッテリと前記インバータ間の接続回路抵抗をRdc、
前記インバータの順方向抵抗をRinv、
前記インバータと前記固定子巻線間の接続回路抵抗をRac、
とするとき、
前記固定子巻線の抵抗値Rstが
Rst=K{1/2(Rb+Rdc)+(Rinv+Rac)}
但し、0.6≦K≦1.7
で表される値を満足するよう前記インバータ制御により、電気角で120度区間の矩形波通電を行うことを特徴とする車輌用回転電機。 In a rotating electrical machine for a vehicle including a battery, an inverter, a stator connected to the inverter and having a stator winding, and a rotor and coupled to an engine,
The internal resistance of the battery is R b ,
The connection circuit resistance between the battery and the inverter is R dc ,
R inv , the forward resistance of the inverter,
A connection circuit resistance between the inverter and the stator winding is represented by R ac ,
And when
The resistance value Rst of the stator winding is Rst = K {1/2 ( Rb + Rdc ) + ( Rinv + Rac )}
However, 0.6 ≦ K ≦ 1.7
A rotating electric machine for a vehicle, wherein rectangular wave energization is performed in a 120-degree section with an electrical angle by the inverter control so as to satisfy a value represented by:
0.34≦Iarms/Idc0≦0.36
で表されるIarmsが力率1で通電されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車輌用回転電機。 The current value flowing between the battery and the inverter at a rotational speed of the vehicle rotating electrical machine is I dc0 , and a current for generating a magnetic flux is passed in a direction to cancel the field magnetic flux formed by the field winding of the rotor. When the effective value of the stator winding current at a rotation speed that requires
0.34 ≦ I arms / I dc0 ≦ 0.36
2. The rotating electrical machine for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein I arms represented by:
0.375≦Iarms/Idc0≦0.39
で表されるIarmsが力率1で通電されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の車輌用回転電機。 The current value flowing between the battery and the inverter at a rotational speed of the vehicle rotating electrical machine is I dc0 , and a current for generating a magnetic flux is passed in a direction to cancel the field magnetic flux formed by the field winding of the rotor. When the effective value of the stator winding current at a rotation speed that requires
0.375 ≦ I arms / I dc0 ≦ 0.39
The rotating electrical machine for a vehicle according to claim 2, wherein I arms represented by:
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---|---|---|---|---|
WO2020025634A1 (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2020-02-06 | Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur | Rotating electrical machine with adapted electrical resistance |
FR3084789A1 (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2020-02-07 | Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur | ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE WITH ADAPTED ELECTRIC RESISTANCE |
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