JP2007246598A - Star polymer - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a star polymer comprising carbon allotrope as a nucleus and polymer chains as an arm, and to provide a method for producing the star polymer. <P>SOLUTION: The invention relates to the star polymer comprising the center nucleus and at least two arm parts composed of polymer chains extending from the central nucleus, wherein the arm parts contains structural unit of polyhydroxycarboxylic acid and the center nucleus is the carbon allotrope. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a star polymer having a carbon allotrope as a central core and a method for producing the same. In particular, the present invention relates to a star polymer having a novel structure that has not been reported so far and a method for producing the same.

  Fullerenes are being researched for fullerenes, for example because of their potential applications in the fields of solar energy conversion and storage, fuel cells, polymeric materials, biomedicine and biochemistry (eg, non-patent literature). 1 and 2). In particular, since the establishment of a large-scale synthesis method of fullerene having 60 carbon atoms in 1990, research on fullerene has been vigorously developed. However, fullerenes are toxic and, like other carbon materials such as graphite, carbon black, diamond, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, etc., are highly hydrophobic, so they have low solubility in various polar solvents, especially It has the property that it hardly dissolves in water, and its application is limited.

Therefore, fullerene derivatives with low toxicity have been proposed as fullerene derivatives, and it is known that fullerenes maintain the excellent characteristics of fullerenes (Non-patent Document 3). For example, it is used for solar energy conversion (Non-Patent Document 1) and is known to be excellent in proton conductivity (Non-Patent Document 2).
In addition, it has been reported that fullerenol is useful as a free radical scavenger and an inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus protease (for example, Patent Document 4).

  On the other hand, carbon allotropes represented by graphite have excellent characteristics, and have been used as, for example, negative electrode active materials for batteries. Similar to fullerene, such graphite also had low solubility in various polar solvents.

  As described above, fullerenes, derivatives thereof and carbon allotropies represented by graphite have excellent characteristics, so that the characteristics can be maintained and various developments have been made in order to obtain derivatives applicable in various fields, Production of fullerene compositions containing a polymer has been carried out (Non-patent Document 5). For example, fullerenes containing a polymer are used in polymer solar cells, optical limiters, electroluminescent devices and the like (for example, Non-Patent Document 5). The polymers used in the above non-patent documents are poly (styrene) and poly (methyl methacrylate), which are produced by graft polymerization.

On the other hand, in recent years, interest in medical materials is increasing, and research on biodegradable polymers has been actively promoted. As such materials, for example, medical polymer materials and highly functional biodegradable polymer materials are known, and as such materials, for example, synthesized with natural biodegradable polymers. Biodegradable polymers have been reported. Such biodegradable polymers are also considered important in the fields of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, packaging, agriculture, food and the like.
Therefore, since the above-mentioned carbon allotrope has excellent characteristics, a compound in which these are combined with a polymer is considered to be useful in the fields of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

  On the other hand, attempts have been made to improve the physical properties of polymer compounds. Examples of such methods include a method of adjusting the type of monomer, molar ratio, etc., and changing the monomer sequence such as random or block. Various methods have been tried in the past. As one of attempts to improve the physical properties of a polymer compound, a method for producing a so-called star polymer is known.

  For example, in Patent Document 1, the first component includes a polymer chain, the second component includes a molecule having a central portion having at least three arms extending from the central portion, and each arm is a reactive group. A low dielectric constant material is disclosed that includes a skeleton having In this patent document, it is disclosed that a cage compound is used as the central portion and poly (arene) is used as the polymer component.

Patent Document 2 discloses a piezoelectric element made of a polyurethane elastomer into which fullerenol is introduced.
According to Patent Document 1, it is described that the dielectric constant of the insulating material can be lowered to a value closer to the theoretical limit value. According to Patent Document 2, even if a polyurethane elastomer is used, It is described that the piezoelectric effect can be effectively exhibited.

  However, the invention disclosed in the above patent document uses poly (arene) or polyurethane elastomer, and does not introduce a polymer which is a biodegradable polymer. As a report using biodegradable polyester, Patent Document 3 discloses a biodegradable polyester containing a carbon-based nanomaterial. In Patent Document 3, fullerene is used as the carbon-based nanomaterial, and polylactic acid is used as the biodegradable polyester. However, in Patent Document 3, the fullerene polylactic acid is not bonded but simply dispersed. Composition.

JP-T-2004-504424 JP 2003-282893 A JP 2005-290288 A Rincon M. E. et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 4111 Hinokuma K., Ata M., Chem. Phys. Lett. 2001, 341, 442 Anderson R., Barron A.R., J.Am.Chem.Soc. 2005, 127, 10458 Chiang L.Y., et al., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1283 Innocenzi P., Brusatin G. Chem. Mater. 2001, 13, 3126

  As described above, carbon allotropes such as fullerene and graphite have excellent characteristics, and in order to use these carbon allotropes in the fields of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, they function without losing their characteristics. It is important to produce a derivative, and it is considered important to produce a compound in which a carbon allotrope and a polymer are bonded. However, such a compound has not been reported yet. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a star polymer having a carbon allotrope as a nucleus and a polymer chain as an arm, and a method for producing the star polymer.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventors have intensively studied, and as a result, have found that a star polymer having a specific structure can be applied to the fields of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
The present invention has been made on the basis of the above findings, and is a star polymer having a central core and at least two arm parts composed of polymer chains extending from the central core, wherein the arm part is a polycrystal. The present invention provides a star polymer comprising a hydroxycarboxylic acid structural unit and wherein the central core is a carbon allotrope.

The present invention also includes a central core and at least two arm parts composed of a polymer chain ester-bonded to the central core, the arm part including a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid unit, and the central core is a carbon allotrope. A method for producing a star polymer, comprising the following steps (a) and (b).
(A) a step of hydroxylating the carbon allotrope;
(B) A step of ring-opening polymerization of the compound obtained in step (a) and a compound capable of becoming a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid unit by ring-opening polymerization.
Further, the present invention has a central core and at least two arm parts composed of a polymer chain extending from the central core, the arm part including a polymer chain represented by the general formula (2), Provided is a method for producing a star-shaped polymer whose central core is a carbon allotrope, comprising the following steps (a) and (c).
(A) a step of hydroxylating the carbon allotrope;
(C) A step of ring-opening polymerization of the compound obtained in the step (a) and the compound represented by the general formula (3) or the general formula (4).

(In the above formula, R ¹ is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, m is an integer of 0 to 8, and n is an integer of 50 to 2,000.)

(In the above formula, R ¹ is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and m is an integer of 0 to 8.)

(In the above formula, R ¹ is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and m is an integer of 0 to 8.)

Further, the present invention has a central core and at least two arm parts composed of a polymer chain extending from the central core, the arm part including a polymer chain represented by the general formula (5), Provided is a method for producing a star polymer in which the central nucleus is a carbon allotrope, which comprises the following steps (d), (e) and (f).
(D) A star-shaped polymer having a central core and at least two arm parts composed of a polymer chain extending from the central core, wherein the arm part includes a polymer chain represented by the general formula (2) The step of halogenating the terminal hydroxyl group of the star polymer, wherein the central core is a carbon allotrope;
(E) a step of azidating the compound obtained in step (d);
(F) A step of reacting the compound obtained in the step (e) with the carbon allotrope represented by R ³ .

(In the above formula, R ¹ is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, R ³ is a carbon allotrope, m is an integer of 0-8, and n is an integer of 50-2,000.)

(In the above formula, R ¹ is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, m is an integer of 0 to 8, and n is an integer of 50 to 2,000.)

  According to the present invention, there is provided a star polymer having a carbon allotrope as a nucleus and a polymer chain as an arm, which can be used in the fields of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Moreover, according to this invention, the manufacturing method of the said star-shaped polymer is provided.

Hereinafter, the star polymer of the present invention will be described first.
The star polymer of the present invention is a star polymer having a central core and at least two arm parts composed of polymer chains extending from the central core, wherein the arm part includes a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid structural unit. The central core is a carbon allotrope.

In the star polymer of the present invention, the central core is a carbon allotrope, and examples of the carbon allotrope include fullerene, graphite, diamond, amorphous carbon, and carbon nanotube. In the present invention, fullerene and graphite are preferred. More preferably, fullerene is used as the carbon allotrope. Here, fullerene means a carbon cluster having a closed-shell skeleton formed by arranging carbon atoms in a spherical or rugby shape (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “fullerene skeleton” in this specification). The carbon number is usually 60 to 120, specifically, C ₆₀ , C ₇₀ , C ₇₆ , C ₇₈ , C ₈₂ , C ₈₄ , C ₉₀ , C ₉₄ , C ₉₆ and higher carbons. Cluster. Among these, C ₆₀ and C ₇₀ are preferable, and C ₆₀ is particularly preferable because of easy availability of reaction raw materials at the time of production.

The arm part constituting the star polymer of the present invention contains a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid structural unit. As an arm part containing a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid structural unit, what contains the polymer chain represented by following General formula (1) is mentioned, for example. Specifically, poly (ε-caprolactone), poly (γ-caprolactone), poly (δ-caprolactone), poly (δ-valerolactone), poly (γ-caprolactone), poly (γ-butyrolactone), poly ( Lactide) and the like.
That is, the star polymer of the present invention is a star polymer having a central core and at least two arm parts composed of polymer chains extending from the central core. The arm part is represented by the general formula (1). Examples thereof include those having a polymer chain represented, wherein the central nucleus is a carbon allotrope.

In the general formula (1), R ¹ is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. As said alkyl group, a C1-C4 alkyl group is mentioned, for example, A methyl group, an ethyl group, n-propyl group, an isobutyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, t-butyl group is mentioned. . Moreover, m is an integer of 0-8, Preferably it is an integer of 0-6, Preferably it is an integer of 0-5, More preferably, it is an integer of 0-4. N is an integer of 50 to 2,000, and preferably an integer of 50 to 500. R ² is a hydrogen atom or a carbon allotrope. When R ² is a carbon allotrope, the polymer chain extends from the central nucleus, the central nucleus is further bonded to the end of the polymer chain, and the carbon allotrope is bonded to both ends of the arm portion.
Examples of the carbon allotrope include fullerene, graphite, diamond, amorphous carbon, and carbon nanotube. In the present invention, fullerene and graphite are preferred.

As specific examples of the star polymer of the present invention, in general formula (1), R ¹ is a hydrogen atom, m is an integer of 2 to 4, R ¹ is a methyl group, and m is Examples include star polymers that are zero.
When R ¹ is a hydrogen atom and m is 4, the arm portion of the star polymer of the present invention is poly (ε-caprolactone), and when R ¹ is a hydrogen atom and m is 3, The arm part of the star polymer of the present invention is poly (δ-valerolactone), and when R ¹ is a hydrogen atom and m is 2, the arm part of the star polymer of the present invention is poly (γ-butyrolactone). In the case where R ¹ is a methyl group and m is 0, the arm portion of the star polymer of the present invention is polylactide.

  The arm part of the star polymer of the present invention preferably has a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 to 100,000, more preferably 10,000 to 50,000. If the weight average molecular weight of the arm portion is less than 5,000, the solubility of the star polymer may be reduced. On the other hand, if the weight average molecular weight of the arm portion is greater than 100,000, fullerene is desirable for the properties of the star polymer. The property may not be reflected.

The star polymer of the present invention has at least two arm portions, preferably 2 to 4 arm portions, more preferably 2 to 3 arm portions. When the number of arm portions exceeds 4, the handleability of the resulting star polymer may be lowered. It should be noted that the arm portions of the star polymer of the present invention may not all be the same, that is, m and n in the general formula (1) may not all be the same or may be a mixture. .
In the star polymer of the present invention, the central core and the arm portion are ester-bonded. As will be described later, the star polymer of the present invention is produced by hydroxylating the carbon allotrope of the central core and then ring-opening polymerizing the arm portion thereof. The carboxyl group of the polyhydroxycarboxylic acid unit formed by this ring-opening polymerization is bonded to the hydroxyl group of the carbon allotrope to form an ester bond.

Specific examples of the star polymer of the present invention include, for example, a polymer whose arm part is represented by the following formula (6) and whose central core is fullerene. The compound represented by the following formula (6) is a compound in which R ¹ is hydrogen, m is 4, R ² is hydrogen in the general formula (1), and the arm portion is poly (ε-caprolactone). It is the compound which becomes. Moreover, the polymer whose arm part is represented by the formula (6) has a structure represented by the following formula (7) as a whole. In Formula (7), the arm part is represented as a mixture of two and three arm parts. The polymer in the case where R ³ is fullerene is represented by the structural formula (8). In Formula (8), it is represented as a thing with three arm parts.

Since the star polymer of the present invention is excellent in solubility in a solvent, it can be widely used in fields such as cosmetics, pharmaceutical use, and film formation.
For example, when used for coating film formation, it is possible to easily and safely form a coating film by dissolving the star polymer of the present invention in a solvent and using this solution for coating film formation. The film thickness of the coating film can also be precisely controlled. By using this coating film, for example, it can be applied to an organic thin film solar cell utilizing an electron acceptor of fullerene, and it can also be applied as an application for forming a coating film for cutting ultraviolet rays. Can do.

As a method of forming a coating film using the star polymer of the present invention, for example, using a solution obtained by dissolving a star polymer in an organic solvent, a bar coating method such as a spray method or a wire bar, or a transfer roll method. Examples of the method include coating and spin coating.
The star polymer of the present invention has an increased solubility in water-containing solvents, and is used as a material for creating medical polymer materials and highly functional biodegradable polymer materials, as well as biosensors and gas separation membranes. It can be applied as a biotechnology limiter.

Next, the manufacturing method of the star polymer of this invention is demonstrated.
The method for producing a star polymer of the present invention has a central core and at least two arm parts composed of a polymer chain ester-bonded to the central core, the arm part containing a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid unit, A method for producing a star polymer in which a central nucleus is a carbon allotrope, which includes the following steps (a) and (b).
(A) a step of hydroxylating the carbon allotrope;
(B) A step of ring-opening polymerization of the compound obtained in step (a) and a compound capable of becoming a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid unit by ring-opening polymerization.

First, the step (a) will be described.
In the step (a), first, the carbon allotrope is hydroxylated. Here, the carbon allotrope is the same as described in the above-described star polymer of the present invention. Examples of the carbon allotrope include fullerene and graphite. There is no restriction | limiting in particular as a method of hydroxylating a carbon allotrope, It can implement by a conventionally well-known method. For example, after adding a polycyclosulfate group, a cyclosulfate group, a hydrogensulfate group, etc. to a carbon allotrope, the polycyclosulfate group, the cyclosulfate group, and the hydrogensulfate group are removed by hydrolysis to remove carbon. Allotropes can be hydroxylated. When fullerene is used as the carbon allotrope, the fullerene that has been hydroxylated and introduced with a hydroxyl group is referred to as polyhydroxylated fullerene or fullerenol.

For example, when producing fullerenol using fullerene as a carbon allotrope, first, fullerenol is converted into polycyclosulfated fullerene using fuming sulfuric acid. The reaction in this case is preferably carried out in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen gas or argon gas. The reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of 50 to 70 ° C. for about 1 to 4 days.
Next, the polycyclosulfated fullerene obtained as described above is treated with an alkali such as sodium hydroxide to remove the polycyclosulfate group to form a hydroxyl group to obtain fullerenol. This reaction is preferably performed at a temperature of 70 to 100 ° C. for about 1 to 100 hours, and the reaction is preferably performed in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen gas or argon gas. The fullerenol thus obtained usually has 10 to 12 hydroxyl groups per molecule.

Next, step (b) will be described.
In the step (b), the compound obtained in the step (a) and the compound capable of becoming a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid unit by ring-opening polymerization are subjected to ring-opening polymerization.
In the ring-opening polymerization in the step (b), the hydroxylated compound (for example, fullerenol) obtained in the step (a) acts as a polymerization initiator. In the step (b), a ring-opening addition polymerization catalyst is used in the ring-opening polymerization. Examples of the catalyst used include inorganic bases, inorganic acids, organic alkali metal catalysts, tin compounds, titanium compounds, aluminum compounds, zinc compounds, molybdenum compounds and zirconium compounds. Among these, tin compounds and titanium compounds are preferably used from the balance of ease of handling, low toxicity, reactivity, non-colorability, and stability.

  Examples of the tin compound include tin 2-ethylhexanoate, stannous octylate, monobutyltin oxide, monobutyltin tris (2-ethylhexanoate), dibutyltin oxide, diisobutyltin oxide, dibutyltin diacetate, Examples include tin compounds such as -n-butyltin dilaurate. Examples of titanium compounds include tetramethyl titanate, tetraethyl titanate, tetra n-propyl titanate, tetraisopropyl titanate, and tetrabutyl titanate. These compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  The polymerization temperature for carrying out the ring-opening polymerization is preferably 50 to 250 ° C, more preferably 90 to 220 ° C, and most preferably 100 to 200 ° C. When the polymerization temperature is lower than 50 ° C., the polymerization rate becomes too low. On the other hand, when the polymerization temperature exceeds 250 ° C., a thermal decomposition reaction of the resulting product occurs, and the product is colored or a decomposition product is generated. There is a case. When performing a polymerization reaction, you may carry out within a reactor, and a well-known reactor can be used as a reactor in that case. Examples of such a reaction apparatus include a stirring blade type batch-type reaction apparatus, a semi-continuous and continuous reaction apparatus, a kneader-type kneader, a screw-type kneader such as an extruder, a static mixer-type reaction apparatus, and these. For example, a reaction apparatus connected to each other.

  The reaction is preferably carried out in a solvent, and the solvent used is of the type as long as it does not have an undesirable effect on each component involved in the reaction or inhibits the intended reaction. There is no limit. Preferably, those that dissolve well each component involved in the reaction are preferable. Examples of such solvents include ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, and 1,4-dioxane; halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane and chloroform; toluene, xylenes, trimethylbenzenes, chlorobenzene, and dichlorobenzene. Aromatic compounds such as N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and nitrogen-containing compounds such as pyridine. The said solvent may be used independently and may mix and use 2 or more types.

  The amount of the solvent used is not particularly limited as long as the components involved in the reaction can be sufficiently dissolved. Usually, in step (a), the concentration of the carbon allotrope is about 1 to 5% by mass. Good. In step (b), a compound in which the compound capable of becoming a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid unit by ring-opening polymerization is dissolved in the solvent is added to the solution of the compound obtained in step (a). It is preferable to carry out so that the concentration of the oxidized carbon allotrope is about 0.1 to 1% by mass.

In the method for producing a star polymer of the present invention, the amount of the compound that can be converted into a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid unit by ring-opening polymerization is preferably 10 to 200 mol with respect to 1 mol of the hydroxide of the carbon allotrope. .
The star polymer obtained in the method for producing a star polymer of the present invention has at least an arm part, preferably 2 to 4 arm parts, more preferably 2 to 3 arm parts. .

  Examples of the compound that can be used in the step (b) to be a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid unit by ring-opening polymerization include compounds represented by general formula (3) or general formula (4). In the step (b), when the compound represented by the general formula (3) or the general formula (4) is used, the arm portion of the obtained star polymer includes a polymer chain represented by the general formula (2). Become.

In the general formula (2), R ¹ , m, and n are the same as those described in the general formula (1).

In the general formula (3), R ¹ , m and n are the same as described in the general formula (1).

In the general formula (4), R ¹ and m are the same as those described in the general formula (1).

That is, the present invention has a central core and at least two arm parts composed of a polymer chain extending from the central core, the arm part including a polymer chain represented by the general formula (2), There is also provided a method for producing a star-shaped polymer having a central nucleus of carbon allotrope and comprising the following steps (a) and (c).
(A) a step of hydroxylating the carbon allotrope;
(C) A step of ring-opening polymerization of the compound obtained in the step (a) and the compound represented by the general formula (3) or the general formula (4).

In the method for producing a star polymer of the present invention, when the compound represented by the general formula (3) is a compound in which R ¹ is a methyl group and m is 0, that is, lactide, the obtained star polymer is The arm portion has polylactide.
In the method for producing a star polymer of the present invention, when a compound represented by the general formula (4) is used wherein R ¹ is a hydrogen atom and m is 4, that is, ε-caprolactone is used. If so, the resulting star polymer has poly (ε-caprolactone) as the arm portion.
In the method for producing a star polymer of the present invention, when a compound represented by the general formula (4) is used wherein R ¹ is a hydrogen atom and m is 3, that is, δ-valerolactone is used. When used, the resulting star polymer has poly (δ-valerolactone) as the arm portion.
In the method for producing a star polymer of the present invention, when a compound represented by the general formula (4) is used wherein R ¹ is a hydrogen atom and m is 2, that is, γ-butyrolactone is used. The resulting star polymer will have poly (γ-butyrolactone) as the arm.

Next, a method for producing a star polymer according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described. The method for producing a star-shaped polymer according to the second embodiment of the present invention has a central core and at least two arm portions composed of polymer chains extending from the central core, and the arm portions are generally A method for producing a star polymer comprising a polymer chain represented by formula (5), wherein the central core is a carbon allotrope, comprising the following steps (d), (e) and (f).
(D) A star-shaped polymer having a central core and at least two arm parts composed of a polymer chain extending from the central core, wherein the arm part includes a polymer chain represented by the general formula (2), Halogenating the hydroxyl group at the end of the star polymer, wherein the central nucleus is a carbon allotrope;
(E) a step of azidating the compound obtained in step (d);
(F) A step of reacting the compound obtained in the step (e) with the carbon allotrope represented by R ³ .

上記一般式（５）において、Ｒ^３は炭素同素体であり、Ｒ^１、ｍ及びｎは、一般式（１）において説明したのと同様である。

In the general formula (5), R ³ is a carbon allotrope, and R ¹ , m, and n are the same as described in the general formula (1).

  First, the step (d) will be described. The step (d) is a star polymer having a central core and at least two arm parts composed of a polymer chain extending from the central core, wherein the arm part is a polymer chain represented by the general formula (2) In which the central nucleus is a carbon allotrope and the terminal hydroxyl group of the star polymer is halogenated. The step of halogenating the hydroxyl group at the end of the star polymer can be used without particular limitation as long as it is a method capable of halogenating the hydroxyl group at the end of the polymer, and a conventionally known method is used. An example is a method using a halogenating agent. Examples of the halogenating agent include thionyl chloride. The amount of the halogenating agent used is preferably 2 to 3 mol with respect to 1 mol of the star polymer as a raw material. The step (d) is preferably performed at a temperature of about 20 to 120 ° C. for about 1 to 50 hours. Step (d) is performed in a solvent such as toluene or dichloromethane, for example.

  Next, step (e) will be described. Step (e) is a step of azidating the compound obtained in step (d). The azidation is performed using, for example, sodium azide, ammonium azide, hydrogen azide and the like. Of these, sodium azide is preferred. The step (e) is preferably performed at a temperature of about 50 to 90 ° C. for about 5 to 50 hours. Step (d) is performed in a solvent such as dimethylformamide, for example.

Next, process (f) is demonstrated. Step (f) is a step of reacting the compound obtained in step (e) with the carbon allotrope represented by R ³ . Step (f) is carried out by subjecting the compound obtained in step (e) and the carbon allotrope represented by R ³ to a cycloaddition reaction. The cycloaddition reaction between the compound obtained in step (e) and the carbon allotrope may be any addition reaction, and examples thereof include an azide cycloaddition reaction. The step (f) is preferably performed at a temperature of about 100 to 150 ° C. for about 5 to 50 hours. Step (d) is performed in a solvent such as chlorobenzene.
The star polymer obtained in the method for producing a star polymer according to the second embodiment of the present invention has at least arm portions, preferably 2 to 4 arm portions, more preferably arm portions. 2-3.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. Needless to say, the scope of the present invention is not limited to such examples.
Example 1
Fullerenes (lot number: 4A0248-A) purchased from Frontier Carbon Co., Ltd., fuming sulfuric acid purchased from Nacalai Tesque Co., and ε-caprolactone purchased from Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd. were used as raw materials. Tin 2-ethylhexanoate was purchased from Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.

  Fullerene (10 g) was reacted with fuming sulfuric acid (200 ml) under a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 65 ° C. for 3 days while purging the gas. After reacting for 3 days, a polycyclosulfated fullerene derivative was obtained as an orange-brown solid. After drying, the obtained compound was put into a 1 mol / L NaOH aqueous solution and hydrolyzed at a temperature of 80 ° C. for 10 hours while purging with nitrogen gas to obtain a brown solid fullerenol. (Yield: 9 g, yield: 90%).

  Fullerenol (0.2 g) obtained as described above was suspended in ε-caprolactone (20 mL) and sonicated for 30 minutes. The suspension was then poured into a three-necked flask (100 mL capacity) previously dried in a vacuum oven at 150 ° C., and tin 2-ethylhexanoate (0.2 g) was added while flowing nitrogen gas. While the solution in the flask was vigorously stirred, the temperature was raised to 140 ° C. and a ring-opening polymerization reaction was performed for 3 hours to obtain a gray solution. The obtained product was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm, filtered, and precipitated three times with chloroform / ethanol (100/100) to obtain a gray solid star polymer (yield: 5 g, yield). : 25%).

Example 2
As in Example 1, except that ε-caprolactone / toluene (10/100, 110 mL) was used instead of ε-caprolactone and toluene / diethyl ether (10/1000 mL) was used as the solvent for precipitation after filtration. Operation was performed to obtain a star polymer (yield: 6 g, yield: 60%).

The star polymer obtained as described above was characterized as follows.
(1) Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum A Perkin Elmer spectrum 2000 single beam IR spectrophotometer was used and measured at room temperature with a resolution of 4 cm ^-1 . The sample was dispersed in KBr and compressed into a disk shape.
(2) UV / visible spectrum Measurement was performed at room temperature using a JASCO V-550 UV / VIS spectrophotometer.
(3) ¹ H NMR spectrum
¹ H NMR spectra were measured in a CDCL ₃ solution at room temperature using a JELO GXS-270 spectrometer with 45 ° pulse, 5 s-pulse retention time, 2500 Hz spectral width, 32K data points and 64 FID accumulation.

(4) CP / MAS ¹³ C NMR
Measurements were taken at 270.1 MHz for ¹ H and 60.8 MHz for ¹³ C using a JASCO V-550 UV / VIS spectrophotometer.
(5) Molecular weight Using a HSK-8020 gel permeation chromatography (GPC) system manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, a TSK gel G2000HXL column at a temperature of 40 ° C. was measured using an SC-8010 controller and a refractometer. . Chloroform was used as an elution solvent, the flow rate was 1 mL / min, and the sample concentration was 1 mg / ml. Low polydispersity polystyrene was used as the polyethylene standard.

The results of the above characterization of the star polymers obtained in Example 1 and Example 2 are described below.
The FT-IR spectrum showed an absorption band typical for poly (ε-caprolactone), not shown in the figure.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the measurement results of UV / visible spectra of the star polymer, fullerene and fullerenol obtained in Example 1. In FIG. 1, the horizontal axis indicates the wavelength, and the vertical axis indicates the absorbance. In FIG. 1, the star polymer obtained in Example 1 is shown as SPCLF-1. As shown in FIG. 1, the star polymer obtained in Example 1 showed a stable decrease curve at 300 to 800 nm, which was similar to fullerene and fullerenol. Since this is a polymer, it becomes easier to form a film and absorbs ultraviolet rays, so that the star polymer obtained in Example 1 is used as a coating agent for removing ultraviolet rays. Indicates that it can be used. Although not shown, similar results were obtained for the star polymer obtained in Example 2.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an NMR spectrum of the star polymer obtained in Example 1. 2A is a ¹ H NMR spectrum of the star polymer obtained in Example 1, and FIG. 2B is a ¹³ C NMR spectrum of the star polymer obtained in Example 1. Note that the structural formula is shown in the upper part of FIG. As shown in FIG. 2 (A), the ¹ H NMR spectrum showed a characteristic peak for poly (ε-caprolactone). The ¹³ C NMR spectrum also showed a characteristic peak for poly (ε-caprolactone). In addition, a peak appears at about 150 ppm (arrow portion in FIG. 2B), which indicates the presence of fullerene. In the ¹ H NMR spectrum of FIG. 2 (A), peaks are observed at 4.0 ppm and 3.6 ppm corresponding to methene groups (t, 2H, —CH 2 —OOC—) and (t, 2 H, —CH 2 —OH). Was recognized. The star polymer obtained in Example 2 was not shown, but was the same as the star polymer obtained in Example 1.

From the NMR spectrum, it was confirmed that the product had fullerene as the central nucleus and the arm part was poly (ε-caprolactone), and the star polymer obtained in Example 1 and the star obtained in Example 2 The molecular weight of the arm part of the mold polymer was found to be 11,000 and 13,000, respectively.

  FIG. 3 is a graph showing GPC curves of the star polymers obtained in Example 1 and Example 2. In FIG. 3, the horizontal axis is the elution volume, and the vertical axis is an arbitrary unit. In FIG. 3, what is described as s-PCLF is the star polymer obtained in Example 1, and what is described as Ds-PCLF is the star polymer obtained in Example 3 (this specification) The same applies hereinafter). As shown in FIG. 3A, the GPC curve detected by RI of the star polymer obtained in Example 2 shows one continuous peak, but the star polymer obtained in Example 1 is It shows a very sharp peak with a shoulder on the low elution volume side. The presence of the two retention volumes of the star polymer obtained in Example 1 indicates that the star polymer obtained in Example 1 consists of two types of star polymers with different numbers of arms. The GPC DP curve of the star polymer obtained in Example 1 shows two peaks, whereas the star polymer obtained in Example 2 shows one peak, and SPCLF-1 has a different number of arms. It was confirmed that the star polymer obtained in Example 2 was composed of a star polymer having a single arm number.

  Using the monodisperse polystyrene standard, the star polymer obtained in Example 1 had polydisperse PDIs-1 = 1.19 and a number average molecular weight of 23,500. The star polymer obtained in Example 2 had a polydisperse PDIs-1 = 1.38 and a number average molecular weight of 35,000. That is, based on the NMR results, the star polymer obtained in Example 1 and the star polymer obtained in Example 2, each arm part has a molecular weight of 11,000 and 13,000. From this calculation, the average number of arms on the fullerene core was about 2.2 and 2.7 for the star polymer obtained in Example 1 and the star polymer obtained in Example 2, respectively. It was.

  In order to examine the number of arms of the star polymer obtained in Example 1 in more detail, the GPC RI curve of the star polymer obtained in Example 1 was analyzed from the curve fitting to the molecular weight (Mn) and its dispersion. Calculations were performed for two fractions, Mn1 = 33000, PDI1 = 1.24 and Mn2 = 20000, PDI2 = 1.17. It was found that there were three and two arm portions on each fullerene core of fraction 1 and fraction 2. When the ratio was determined from the peak areas of the respective fractions, there were almost equal amounts of two arm portions and three arm portions.

Example 3
The star polymer (5 g) and thionyl chloride (2 g) obtained in Example 1 were reacted in toluene at a temperature of 110 ° C. for 6 hours to introduce chlorine into the terminal hydroxyl group of the star polymer. Next, sodium azide (2 g) was added to the reaction vessel, and the reaction was performed at a temperature of 65 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain an azide compound. Fullerene (4 g) was added to the obtained azide compound, and a cyclopolymerization reaction was performed to obtain a star polymer in which fullerene was bonded to the terminal of the star polymer obtained in Example 1.

FIG. 4 shows FTIR spectra of the obtained star polymer and the azide star polymer obtained in the middle. In FIG. 4, the horizontal axis is the wavelength, and the vertical axis is an arbitrary value. In FIG. 4, what is described as s-PCLFN ₃ is an intermediate, and what is described as Ds-PCLF is the star polymer obtained in Example 3. From FIG. 4, it is clear that almost 100% fullerene was added to the compound obtained in Example 1 from the disappearance of the peak at about 2400 cm ⁻¹ .

The UV / visible spectrum of the star polymer obtained in Example 3 was measured in a hexane solvent, and the results are shown in FIG. In FIG. 5, the horizontal axis is the wavelength, and the vertical axis is an arbitrary value. Moreover, the measured value of fullerene was also shown simultaneously.
As is clear from FIG. 5, the product obtained in Example 1 did not show peaks at 329 nm and 377 nm, whereas the product obtained in Example 3 showed peaks at 329 nm and 377 nm.

  FIG. 6 shows the GPC curves of the star polymer obtained in Example 1 and the star polymer obtained in Example 3. In FIG. 6, the horizontal axis is the elution volume (ml), and the vertical axis is an arbitrary value. As shown in FIG. 6, the peak of the star polymer obtained in Example 3 moved to the low elution time side. It is thought to be due to hydrophobic interactions or absorption rather than the size of the molecule.

  In order to calculate the amount of fullerene introduced into the star polymer obtained in Example 3, a TG curve was measured. The results are shown in FIG. In FIG. 7, the horizontal axis represents temperature, and the vertical axis represents pure fullerene that is stable at 600 ° C. or lower, but poly (ε-caprolactone) is completely decomposed at 465 ° C. or higher. As shown in FIG. 7, about 8% remained after heating to 500 ° C. It is estimated that fullerene was bonded to 85% of the hydroxyl groups present at the ends of poly (ε-caprolactone) bonded to fullerene.

Example 4
A star polymer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.2 g of fullerene was used and 5 g of lactide was used in place of ε-caprolactone (yield: 3 g, yield: 60%).
When the molecular weight of the arm part was obtained from a GPC curve (not shown), the molecular weight of the arm part was 17,000.
Subsequently, when the 1H NMR spectrum was measured, the obtained star polymer had peaks at 5.1 ppm and 4.0 ppm, which were respectively represented by methine groups (—CH—OOC—) and (—CH -OH), the molecular weight of the arm portion was 9,000 calculated from the peak. Together with the molecular weight result of the arm part by the GPC curve described above, there are about 1.9 arm parts per molecule.

It is a figure which shows the measurement result of UV / visible spectrum of star-shaped polymer, fullerene, and fullerenol. It is a figure which shows the NMR spectrum of a star polymer. It is a figure which shows the GPC curve of a star-shaped polymer. It is a figure which shows the FTIR spectrum of a star-shaped polymer. It is a figure which shows UV / visible spectrum of a star-shaped polymer. It is a figure which shows the GPC curve of a star-shaped polymer. It is a figure which shows the TG curve of a star-shaped polymer.

Claims (17)

A star polymer having a central core and at least two arm parts composed of polymer chains extending from the central core,
The arm portion includes a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid structural unit,
A star polymer in which the central core is a carbon allotrope. The star polymer according to claim 1, wherein the arm portion includes a polymer chain represented by the general formula (1).

(In the above formula, R ¹ is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, R ² is a hydrogen atom or a carbon allotrope, m is an integer of 0 to 8, and n is an integer of 50 to 2,000.) The star polymer according to claim 2, wherein the arm part is poly (ε-caprolactone), poly (δ-valerolactone), poly (γ-butyrolactone), or polylactide. The star polymer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the central core is fullerene or graphite. The star polymer according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein R ² is a hydrogen atom. The star polymer according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein R ² is a carbon allotrope. The star polymer according to claim 6, wherein R ² is fullerene or graphite. The star polymer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the central core and the arm portion are ester-bonded. The star polymer according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the arm part has a weight average molecular weight of 5,000 to 2,000,000. A star polymer having a central core and at least two arm parts composed of a polymer chain ester-bonded to the central core, wherein the arm part includes a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid unit, and the central core is a carbon allotrope. A manufacturing method comprising the following steps (a) and (b):
(A) a step of hydroxylating the carbon allotrope;
(B) A step of ring-opening polymerization of the compound obtained in step (a) and a compound capable of becoming a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid unit by ring-opening polymerization. A central core and at least two arm portions composed of a polymer chain extending from the central core, the arm portion including a polymer chain represented by the general formula (2), wherein the central core is a carbon allotrope. A method for producing a star-shaped polymer, comprising the following steps (a) and (c).
(A) a step of hydroxylating the carbon allotrope;
(C) A step of ring-opening polymerization of the compound obtained in the step (a) and the compound represented by the general formula (3) or the general formula (4).

(In the above formula, R ¹ is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, m is an integer of 0 to 8, and n is an integer of 50 to 2,000.)

(In the above formula, R ¹ is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and m is an integer of 0 to 8.)

(In the above formula, R ¹ is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and m is an integer of 0 to 8.) The method for producing a star polymer according to claim 11, wherein the arm part is poly (ε-caprolactone), poly (δ-valerolactone) or poly (γ-butyrolactone). The method for producing a star polymer according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the carbon allotrope is fullerene or graphite. A central core and at least two arm portions composed of a polymer chain extending from the central core, the arm portion including a polymer chain represented by the general formula (5), wherein the central core is a carbon allotrope. A method for producing a star-shaped polymer, comprising the following steps (d), (e) and (f).
(D) A star-shaped polymer having a central core and at least two arm parts composed of a polymer chain extending from the central core, wherein the arm part includes a polymer chain represented by the general formula (2) The step of halogenating the terminal hydroxyl group of the star polymer, wherein the central core is a carbon allotrope;
(E) a step of azidating the compound obtained in step (d);
(F) A step of reacting the compound obtained in the step (e) with the carbon allotrope represented by R ³ .

(In the above formula, R ¹ is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, R ³ is a carbon allotrope, m is an integer of 0-8, and n is an integer of 50-2,000.)

(In the above formula, R ¹ is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, m is an integer of 0 to 8, and n is an integer of 50 to 2,000.) The method for producing a star polymer according to claim 14, wherein the arm part is poly (ε-caprolactone), poly (δ-valerolactone), poly (γ-butyrolactone), or polylactide. The method for producing a star polymer according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the carbon allotrope is fullerene or graphite. The method for producing a star polymer according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein R ³ is fullerene or graphite.

Images