JP2007238514A - Method for producing alpha-amino phosphonic acid diester - Google Patents

Method for producing alpha-amino phosphonic acid diester Download PDF

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JP2007238514A
JP2007238514A JP2006063953A JP2006063953A JP2007238514A JP 2007238514 A JP2007238514 A JP 2007238514A JP 2006063953 A JP2006063953 A JP 2006063953A JP 2006063953 A JP2006063953 A JP 2006063953A JP 2007238514 A JP2007238514 A JP 2007238514A
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acid
group
ammonia
acid diester
compound
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Osamu Kobayashi
修 小林
Masaharu Sugiura
正晴 杉浦
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Japan Science and Technology Agency
University of Tokyo NUC
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University of Tokyo NUC
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing an α-amino phosphonic acid diester with a high yield and in a one step process. <P>SOLUTION: The invention relates to the method for producing the α-amino phosphonic acid diester comprising a reaction of an aldehyde compound, a triester of phosphorous acid and a salt of a weak acid with ammonia or mixture of the same. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

この発明は、一段階でα−アミノホスホン酸ジエステルを製造する方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a process for producing an α-aminophosphonic acid diester in one step.

α−アミノホスホン酸は、α−アミノ酸の類縁体として生物学的また薬学的に興味深い化合物であり、抗生物質や酵素阻害剤などの用途が期待されている。
その合成は、カルボニル化合物(アルデヒド又はケトン)、窒素求核剤(アンモニア、第1級アミン、アミドなど)及び亜リン酸エステルとの3成分反応、又は対応するイミンと亜リン酸エステルとの2成分反応によって行われることが一般的である。
アミノ基が1級であるα−アミノホスホン酸エステルの直接的合成法に限ると、カルボニル化合物とアンモニア、亜リン酸ジエステルとの反応が古くから知られている(非特許文献1)。
より最近では、アンモニアの代わりに酢酸アンモニウムを用いる手法(非特許文献2、特許文献1)、炭酸水素アンモニウム及びシリカゲルを用いて電子レンジで加熱する方法(非特許文献3)、芳香族アルデヒドとアンモニア又はヘキサメチルジシラザンから得られるビス(ベンジリデン)メタンジアミンに対して亜リン酸ジエステルを作用させる方法(非特許文献4、5)などが報告されている。
しかし、これらは一般に低収率であり、特に脂肪族アルデヒドに関しては検討例が少ない。
α-Aminophosphonic acid is a biologically and pharmacologically interesting compound as an analog of α-amino acid, and is expected to be used for antibiotics and enzyme inhibitors.
The synthesis can be accomplished by a three-component reaction with a carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone), a nitrogen nucleophile (ammonia, primary amine, amide, etc.) and a phosphite, or the corresponding imine and phosphite. It is common to carry out by component reaction.
As long as it is limited to the direct synthesis method of α-aminophosphonic acid ester having a primary amino group, the reaction of carbonyl compounds with ammonia and phosphorous acid diester has been known for a long time (Non-patent Document 1).
More recently, a method using ammonium acetate instead of ammonia (Non-patent Document 2, Patent Document 1), a method of heating with ammonium bicarbonate and silica gel in a microwave oven (Non-patent Document 3), aromatic aldehyde and ammonia Alternatively, a method of causing a phosphite diester to act on bis (benzylidene) methanediamine obtained from hexamethyldisilazane (Non-patent Documents 4 and 5) has been reported.
However, these are generally low yields, and there are few studies on aliphatic aldehydes in particular.

一方、本発明者らは、水中で界面活性剤型スカンジウム触媒の存在下、アルデヒド、第1級アミン、亜リン酸トリエステルからN−置換−α−アミノホスホン酸エステルを得る手法(非特許文献6)、及びアンモニアを窒素源として用いる効率的なホモアリル第1級アミンの合成法を報告している(非特許文献7)。   On the other hand, the present inventors have prepared a method for obtaining an N-substituted α-aminophosphonic acid ester from an aldehyde, a primary amine, and a phosphorous acid triester in the presence of a surfactant-type scandium catalyst in water (non-patent document). 6), and an efficient method for synthesizing a homoallyl primary amine using ammonia as a nitrogen source has been reported (Non-patent Document 7).

特開平7−53579JP-A-7-53579 Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, ser khim, 83, 689 (1952).Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, ser khim, 83, 689 (1952). Synthesis, 763 (1994).Synthesis, 763 (1994). Synthesis, 2705 (2003).Synthesis, 2705 (2003). Tetrahedron Lett, 46, 2989 (2005).Tetrahedron Lett, 46, 2989 (2005). Tetrahedron Lett, 45, 9233 (2004).Tetrahedron Lett, 45, 9233 (2004). Chem. Commun. 699 (2000).Chem. Commun. 699 (2000). J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, 7182 (2004).J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, 7182 (2004).

本発明者らは、これらの知見を基に、アルデヒドとアンモニア源及び亜リン酸トリエステルの3成分反応を検討した結果、N−無保護α−アミノホスホン酸エステルの新しい直接的合成法を開発した。
即ち、本発明は、一段階でα−アミノホスホン酸ジエステルを高収率で製造する方法を提供することを目的とする。
Based on these findings, the present inventors have studied a three-component reaction of an aldehyde, an ammonia source, and a phosphorous acid triester, and as a result, developed a new direct synthesis method of N-unprotected α-aminophosphonic acid ester. did.
That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an α-aminophosphonic acid diester in a high yield in one step.

本発明は、アルデヒド化合物、亜リン酸トリエステル及びアンモニア又はアンモニウム塩を反応させることから成るα−アミノホスホン酸ジエステルの製法である。   The present invention is a process for preparing an α-aminophosphonic acid diester comprising reacting an aldehyde compound, a phosphorous acid triester and ammonia or an ammonium salt.

本発明のα−アミノホスホン酸ジエステルの製法においては、アルデヒド化合物、亜リン酸トリエステル及びアンモニア源(即ち、アンモニア又はアンモニウム塩)を反応させる。   In the process for producing an α-aminophosphonic acid diester of the present invention, an aldehyde compound, a phosphorous acid triester and an ammonia source (that is, ammonia or an ammonium salt) are reacted.

本発明で用いるアルデヒド化合物は下式で表される。

Figure 2007238514
ここで、Rは特に制限は無いが、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族若しくは脂肪族の炭化水素基又は複素環基を表す。本発明の製法は、このアルデヒド化合物が脂肪族のアルデヒド化合物であっても、即ち、Rが脂肪族の場合であっても、反応が良好に進行することが特徴の一つである。
芳香族炭化水素基としては、フェニル基、ナフチル基、ビフェニル基等を挙げることができる。
脂肪族炭化水素基としては、アルキル基や脂環式基を挙げることができる。
複素環基としては、ピロリジン、ピペリジン、ピペラジン、モルフォリン、ピロール、フラン、チオフェン、イミダゾール、オキサゾール、チアゾール、ピラゾール等からなる複素環基が挙げられる。
置換基としては、低級アルキル基、低級アルケニル基、低級アルキニル基、シクロアルキル低級アルキル基、アラルキル基、低級アルコキシ基、ニトロ基、水酸基、低級アルコキシカルボニル基、ハロゲン原子等を挙げることができる。 The aldehyde compound used in the present invention is represented by the following formula.
Figure 2007238514
Here, R 1 is not particularly limited, but represents an aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. One feature of the production method of the present invention is that the reaction proceeds satisfactorily even when the aldehyde compound is an aliphatic aldehyde compound, that is, when R 1 is aliphatic.
Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a biphenyl group.
Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group include an alkyl group and an alicyclic group.
Examples of the heterocyclic group include heterocyclic groups composed of pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, oxazole, thiazole, pyrazole and the like.
Examples of the substituent include a lower alkyl group, a lower alkenyl group, a lower alkynyl group, a cycloalkyl lower alkyl group, an aralkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and a halogen atom.

本発明で用いる亜リン酸トリエステルは下式で表される。

Figure 2007238514
ここで、Rは、アルキル基、アリール基又はアラルキル基、好ましくはアルキル基、より好ましくは炭素数が1〜4のアルキル基を表す。 The phosphorous acid triester used in the present invention is represented by the following formula.
Figure 2007238514
Here, R 2 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group, preferably an alkyl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

本発明で用いるアンモニア源は、弱酸とアンモニアの塩、又はこれらの混合物である。
弱酸としては、炭酸、酢酸又はp−ニトロフェノール等が挙げられる。
The ammonia source used in the present invention is a weak acid and a salt of ammonia, or a mixture thereof.
Examples of the weak acid include carbonic acid, acetic acid, and p-nitrophenol.

これらを以下の条件で反応させる。
溶媒としては、極性溶媒、好ましくはプロトン性極性溶媒、より好ましくは炭素数が1〜4のアルコールを用いる。
反応物の濃度は、アルデヒドの濃度として0.1〜2.0M程度である。反応基質のアルデヒドに対するモル比は、亜リン酸トリエチルは1〜5倍モル、アンモニウム源は1〜10倍モルが好ましい。
アンモニウム源として炭酸水素アンモニウム、及びp−ニトロフェノールとアンモニアとの混合物を用いる場合は、酸成分とアンモニアとの比が1:1で良いが、酢酸などpKa値が低い弱酸を用いる場合は、弱酸に対してアンモニアを1.5〜3倍モル使用することにより副反応を抑制できる。
反応温度は、0℃〜60℃程度、好ましくは10℃〜40℃である。
These are reacted under the following conditions.
As the solvent, a polar solvent, preferably a protic polar solvent, more preferably an alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is used.
The concentration of the reaction product is about 0.1 to 2.0 M as the concentration of aldehyde. The molar ratio of the reaction substrate to the aldehyde is preferably 1 to 5 times mol for triethyl phosphite and 1 to 10 times mol for the ammonium source.
When ammonium hydrogen carbonate and a mixture of p-nitrophenol and ammonia are used as the ammonium source, the ratio of the acid component to ammonia may be 1: 1, but when a weak acid having a low pKa value such as acetic acid is used, a weak acid is used. Side reactions can be suppressed by using ammonia in an amount of 1.5 to 3 times the mole.
The reaction temperature is about 0 ° C to 60 ° C, preferably 10 ° C to 40 ° C.

このような反応の結果、主としてα−アミノホスホン酸ジエステルが生成する。このα−アミノホスホン酸ジエステルは下式で表すことができる。

Figure 2007238514
及びRは上記の定義と同様である。 As a result of such a reaction, α-aminophosphonic acid diester is mainly produced. This α-aminophosphonic acid diester can be represented by the following formula.
Figure 2007238514
R 1 and R 2 are as defined above.

本手法に於いては、反応系の酸性度が高いと副生成物として下式

Figure 2007238514
(式中、R及びRは、上記と同様に定義される。)の生成が増加し、塩基性度が高いと目的物の収率が低下することから、適切なpKa値の弱酸とアンモニアの塩、又は混合物が好適である。適切なpKa値は概ね6〜8(水中、25℃)であるが、pKaがそれよりも低い酢酸(pKa4.76)でも、アンモニアを過剰に用いることにより副生成物の増加を抑制できる(実施例2,比較例1)。副反応の抑制効果、収率、溶媒への溶解性およびコストを考慮した場合、好ましい弱酸として、炭酸、酢酸又はp−ニトロフェノールが挙げられる。 In this method, if the reaction system is highly acidic,
Figure 2007238514
(Wherein R 1 and R 2 are defined in the same manner as described above), and when the basicity is high, the yield of the target product is reduced. Therefore, a weak acid having an appropriate pKa value and Ammonia salts or mixtures are preferred. A suitable pKa value is approximately 6 to 8 (in water, 25 ° C.), but even with acetic acid having a lower pKa (pKa4.76), an excessive use of ammonia can suppress an increase in by-products (implementation). Example 2, comparative example 1). In view of the side reaction suppression effect, yield, solubility in a solvent, and cost, preferred weak acids include carbonic acid, acetic acid or p-nitrophenol.

通常当該化合物が含まれるアミノホスホン酸を合成する際には、アミノ基に除去が可能なアシル基やカルバメート類が結合した形で合成されるが、本発明の製造方法によれば、製造物であるα−アミノホスホン酸ジエステルをアミノ基無保護で得ることができる。従って、アミノ基の保護基を脱保護する必要が無くなり、製造が簡易かつ安価になるという利点がある。   Usually, when an aminophosphonic acid containing the compound is synthesized, the aminophosphonic acid is synthesized with a removable acyl group or carbamate bonded to the amino group. According to the production method of the present invention, Certain α-aminophosphonic acid diesters can be obtained without amino group protection. Therefore, there is no need to deprotect the amino protecting group, and there is an advantage that the production is simple and inexpensive.

以下、実施例にて本発明を例証するが本発明を限定することを意図するものではない。
実施例1
炭酸水素アンモニウム(和光純薬工業(株)、198mg、2.5mmol)のエタノール(2mL)懸濁液に、室温で亜リン酸トリエチル(和光純薬工業(株)、332mg,2.0mmol)及び3−フェニルプロパナール(和光純薬工業(株)、67.1mg、0.5mmol)を順次加えた。反応混合物を室温で18時間撹拌した後、1N塩酸水溶液をゆっくり加えて、pHを約1に調節した。30分間撹拌後、混合物を分液ロートに移し、水層をジエチルエーテルで洗浄した。水層を、25%アンモニア水溶液でpHを9に調節し、塩化ナトリウムで飽和させた後、塩化メチレン(約15mL×5回)で抽出した。塩化メチレン層を、飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液(約15mL×1回)で洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。有機層を、ろ過、濃縮、減圧乾燥後、シリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン/イソプロピルアミン=5/1)で精製してDiethyl 1-amino-3-phenylpropylphosphonate (1)を収率70%で得た。この収率は脂肪族アルデヒドを用いた反応としては従来技術と比較して極めて高い。
また、ジエチルエーテル層を同様に処理してビスホスホニル化生成物2を収率6%で得た。
The following examples illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
To an ethanol (2 mL) suspension of ammonium hydrogen carbonate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., 198 mg, 2.5 mmol), triethyl phosphite (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., 332 mg, 2.0 mmol) and 3-Phenylpropanal (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., 67.1 mg, 0.5 mmol) was sequentially added. After the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours, 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid was slowly added to adjust the pH to about 1. After stirring for 30 minutes, the mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel and the aqueous layer was washed with diethyl ether. The aqueous layer was adjusted to pH 9 with 25% aqueous ammonia solution, saturated with sodium chloride, and extracted with methylene chloride (about 15 mL × 5 times). The methylene chloride layer was washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (about 15 mL × 1) and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The organic layer was filtered, concentrated, dried under reduced pressure, and purified by silica gel chromatography (hexane / isopropylamine = 5/1) to obtain Diethyl 1-amino-3-phenylpropylphosphonate (1) in a yield of 70%. This yield is extremely high for reactions using aliphatic aldehydes compared to the prior art.
Further, the diethyl ether layer was treated in the same manner to obtain the bisphosphonylated product 2 in a yield of 6%.

反応式を以下に示す。

Figure 2007238514
The reaction formula is shown below.
Figure 2007238514

生成物の分析データを以下に記す。
Diethyl 1-amino-3-phenylpropylphosphonate (1):
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.33-7.15 (m, 5H), 4.19-4.06 (m, 4H), 2.99-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.74 (ddd, J = 13.8, 9.2, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 2.19-2.07 (m, 1H), 1.86-1.72 (m, 1H), 1.75 (drs, 2H), 1.33 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.31 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H).
13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ 141.2, 128.48, 128.42, 126.0, 62.17, 62.10, 48.0 (d, J = 146.8 Hz), 32.8, 32.2 (d, J = 13.4 Hz), 16.55, 16.49.
Anal. Calcd for C13H23NO3P: C, 57.55; H, 8.17; N, 5.16. Found: C, 57.50; H, 8.36; N, 5.25.
N,N-Bis(1-diethylphosphono-3-phenylpropyl)amine(2)(7:3 diastereomeric mixture):
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) d 7.32-7.11 (m, 10H), 4.20-4.06 (m, 8H), 3.38 (ddd, J = 8.5, 6.9, 4.6 Hz, 1.4H), 3.17 (dt, J = 12.6, 6.3 Hz, 0.6H), 2.94 (ddd, J = 14.0, 11.5, 5.4 Hz, 1.4H), 2.87-2.67 (m, 2.6H), 2.20-2.00 (m, 2H), 1.87-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.68 (brs, 1H), 1.36-1.27 (m, 2H).
ESI-HRMS calcd for C26H42NO6P2 (M+H+) 526.2482, found 526.2483.
The analysis data of the product is described below.
Diethyl 1-amino-3-phenylpropylphosphonate (1):
1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 7.33-7.15 (m, 5H), 4.19-4.06 (m, 4H), 2.99-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.74 (ddd, J = 13.8, 9.2, 7.3 Hz , 1H), 2.19-2.07 (m, 1H), 1.86-1.72 (m, 1H), 1.75 (drs, 2H), 1.33 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.31 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H).
13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 141.2, 128.48, 128.42, 126.0, 62.17, 62.10, 48.0 (d, J = 146.8 Hz), 32.8, 32.2 (d, J = 13.4 Hz), 16.55, 16.49.
Anal. Calcd for C 13 H 23 NO 3 P: C, 57.55; H, 8.17; N, 5.16. Found: C, 57.50; H, 8.36; N, 5.25.
N, N-Bis (1-diethylphosphono-3-phenylpropyl) amine (2) (7: 3 diastereomeric mixture):
1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) d 7.32-7.11 (m, 10H), 4.20-4.06 (m, 8H), 3.38 (ddd, J = 8.5, 6.9, 4.6 Hz, 1.4H), 3.17 (dt, J = 12.6, 6.3 Hz, 0.6H), 2.94 (ddd, J = 14.0, 11.5, 5.4 Hz, 1.4H), 2.87-2.67 (m, 2.6H), 2.20-2.00 (m, 2H), 1.87-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.68 (brs, 1H), 1.36-1.27 (m, 2H).
ESI-HRMS calcd for C 26 H 42 NO 6 P 2 (M + H + ) 526.2482, found 526.2483.

実施例2
実施例1で使用した炭酸水素アンモニウムの代わりに酢酸(1.25mmol)とアンモニア(2.5mmol)を用いて同様の反応を行ったところ、化合物1を58%、化合物2を8%の収率で得た。
実施例3
実施例1で使用した炭酸水素アンモニウムの代わりにアンモニア(2.5mmol)とp−ニトロフェノール(2.5mmol)を用いて同様の反応を行ったところ、化合物1を69%、化合物2を9%の収率で得た。
比較例1
実施例1で使用した炭酸水素アンモニウムの代わりに酢酸アンモニウム(2.5mmol)を用いて同様の反応を行ったところ、化合物1を47%、化合物2を32%の収率で得た。
Example 2
The same reaction was carried out using acetic acid (1.25 mmol) and ammonia (2.5 mmol) instead of ammonium hydrogen carbonate used in Example 1, yielding 58% for compound 1 and 8% for compound 2. Got in.
Example 3
The same reaction was carried out using ammonia (2.5 mmol) and p-nitrophenol (2.5 mmol) instead of ammonium hydrogen carbonate used in Example 1. As a result, 69% of compound 1 and 9% of compound 2 were obtained. The yield was obtained.
Comparative Example 1
A similar reaction was carried out using ammonium acetate (2.5 mmol) instead of ammonium hydrogen carbonate used in Example 1. As a result, 47% of compound 1 and 32% of compound 2 were obtained.

Claims (6)

アルデヒド化合物、亜リン酸トリエステル及びアンモニウム化合物を反応させることから成るα−アミノホスホン酸ジエステルの製法。 A process for producing an α-aminophosphonic acid diester comprising reacting an aldehyde compound, a phosphorous acid triester and an ammonium compound. 前記α−アミノホスホン酸ジエステルが下式
Figure 2007238514
(式中、Rは、置換基を有していてもよい芳香族若しくは脂肪族の炭化水素基又は複素環基を表し、Rは、アルキル基、アリール基又はアラルキル基を表す。)
The α-aminophosphonic acid diester has the following formula:
Figure 2007238514
(In the formula, R 1 represents an aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, and R 2 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group.)
前記アルデヒド化合物が脂肪族アルデヒド化合物である請求項1又は2に記載の製法。 The process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the aldehyde compound is an aliphatic aldehyde compound. 前記アンモニウム化合物が弱酸とアンモニアの塩、又はこれらの混合物である請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の製法。 The process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ammonium compound is a salt of a weak acid and ammonia, or a mixture thereof. 前記弱酸が、炭酸、酢酸又はp−ニトロフェノールのいずれかである請求項4に記載の製法。 The process according to claim 4, wherein the weak acid is any one of carbonic acid, acetic acid and p-nitrophenol. 反応溶媒が炭素数1〜4のアルコールである請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の製法。
The process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the reaction solvent is an alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59130297A (en) * 1982-12-27 1984-07-26 ストウフア−・ケミカル・カンパニ− Manufacture of phosphonomethylated amino acid
JPS60209593A (en) * 1984-04-02 1985-10-22 Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk Preparation of aminomethylphosphonate compound
JPH0753579A (en) * 1993-08-12 1995-02-28 Sagami Chem Res Center Production of alpha-aminophosphonic acid derivative

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59130297A (en) * 1982-12-27 1984-07-26 ストウフア−・ケミカル・カンパニ− Manufacture of phosphonomethylated amino acid
JPS60209593A (en) * 1984-04-02 1985-10-22 Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk Preparation of aminomethylphosphonate compound
JPH0753579A (en) * 1993-08-12 1995-02-28 Sagami Chem Res Center Production of alpha-aminophosphonic acid derivative

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