JP2007228726A - Power supply device for vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently prevent degradation in a battery module while simplifying a circuit structure for detecting voltage, by reducing the number of voltage detection points. <P>SOLUTION: The power supply device for a vehicle is equipped with a battery group 3 having a plurality of battery modules 1 connected in series, a voltage detection part 4 which detects the voltage of respective voltage detection units 2 having the battery group 3 divided into a plurality of voltage detection units 2, and a controller 5 which controls the current for charging/discharging the battery group 3 with the detection voltage of the voltage detection part 4. The battery group 3 is divided into a voltage detection unit 2A of a good environment and a voltage detection unit 2B of a bad environment, and the voltage of each voltage detection unit 2 is detected with the voltage detection part 4. Furthermore, the voltage detection unit 2A of the good environment has more serial connection quantity of the battery module 1 than the voltage detection unit 2B of the bad environment. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention mainly relates to a power supply device for a vehicle that is mounted on a vehicle such as a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle and drives a motor that runs the vehicle.

  In a power supply device for a vehicle, a plurality of batteries are connected in series to form a battery module, and a number of the battery modules are connected in series to increase the output voltage. This power supply device discharges all batteries connected in series with the same current and charges them with the same current. For this reason, the charge amount of all the batteries is equal, and the discharge amount is also equal. However, the electrical characteristics of all the batteries are not the same, and an imbalance occurs in the remaining capacity and the like in each battery module as charging and discharging are repeated. The remaining capacity imbalance causes overcharge and overdischarge of a specific battery module, and shortens the battery life. This is because a battery module with a small remaining capacity is easily overdischarged, and a battery module with a large remaining capacity is easily overcharged, and overcharging and overdischarging significantly deteriorate the battery.

In order to prevent this problem, a power supply device that detects the voltage of each battery module has been developed. (See Patent Document 1)
JP 2002-199510 A

  Since the power supply device of Patent Document 1 detects the voltage of each battery module and controls charging and discharging, it has a complicated circuit configuration that detects voltages at multiple points, resulting in high component costs and manufacturing costs. There is. This drawback can be solved by reducing the number of voltage detection points. For example, a power supply device in which 5 unit cells are connected in series to form a battery module, and 40 battery modules are connected in series, can detect 40 battery voltages. Need to be detected. This power supply device divides the entire battery into 4 blocks, detects the voltage of each block, that is, the voltage connecting 10 battery modules in series, and sets the number of voltage detection points to 4 to 1/10. Can be less. This power supply device can considerably simplify the circuit configuration for voltage detection and reduce the manufacturing cost. However, since this power supply device detects the voltage by connecting 10 battery modules in series, the remaining capacity of any of the battery modules connected in series is small or large, and is overdischarged. Or, when charging is overcharged, this cannot be accurately detected. For this reason, when any battery module connected in series deteriorates more than other batteries, there is a drawback that the battery module is easily overcharged or overdischarged, and the deterioration is further accelerated.

  The present invention has been developed for the purpose of solving this drawback. An important object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle power supply apparatus that can effectively prevent deterioration of a battery module while simplifying a circuit configuration for detecting a voltage by reducing the number of voltage detection points. .

The vehicle power supply device of the present invention has the following configuration in order to achieve the above-described object.
The power supply device for a vehicle detects a voltage of each voltage detection unit 2 by dividing the battery group 3 into a plurality of voltage detection units 2 and a battery group 3 formed by connecting a plurality of battery modules 1 in series. The voltage detection part 4 and the control part 5 which controls the electric current which charges or discharges the battery group 3 with the detection voltage of the voltage detection part 4 are provided. The battery group 3 is divided into a voltage detection unit 2 </ b> A having a favorable environment and a voltage detection unit 2 </ b> B having a bad environment, and the voltage of each voltage detection unit 2 is detected by the voltage detection unit 4. Furthermore, the voltage detection unit 2A in a favorable environment has a greater number of battery modules 1 connected in series than the voltage detection unit 2B in a bad environment.

  The power supply device for a vehicle according to the present invention separates the voltage detection unit 2B in a bad environment and the voltage detection unit 2A in a good environment at the temperature of the battery module 1 so that the voltage detection unit 2B in a bad environment The battery module 1 having a temperature higher or lower than that of the detection unit 2A can be included. The bad environment voltage detection unit 2B and the good environment voltage detection unit 2A are separated by the temperature of the battery module 1 in a state where the operation of the cooling fan is stopped, and the bad environment voltage detection unit 2B becomes the good environment voltage detection unit. The battery module 1 having a temperature higher or lower than 2A can be included. Further, the bad environment voltage detection unit 2B and the good environment voltage detection unit 2A are separated by the temperature of the battery module 1 in a state where the cooling fan is operated, and the bad environment voltage detection unit 2B becomes the good environment voltage detection unit. The battery module 1 having a temperature higher than 2A can be included. Furthermore, the adverse environment voltage detection unit 2B and the favorable environment voltage detection unit 2A are separated by the temperature of the battery module 1 after a predetermined time has passed after turning off the ignition switch of the vehicle, and the adverse environment voltage detection unit 2B. However, the battery module 1 having a temperature higher or lower than that of the voltage detection unit 2A in a favorable environment can be included.

  The power supply apparatus for a vehicle according to the present invention separates the voltage detection unit 2B in a bad environment and the voltage detection unit 2A in a good environment according to the vibration state of the battery module 1, so that the voltage detection unit 2B in a bad environment has a good environment. The battery module 1 that is vibrated more greatly than the voltage detection unit 2A can be included.

  In the power supply device for a vehicle of the present invention, the voltage detection unit 2B in a bad environment and the voltage detection unit 2A in a good environment are separated by the magnitude of impact received by the battery module 1, and the voltage detection unit 2B in a bad environment The battery module 1 which receives a stronger impact than the voltage detection unit 2A in a favorable environment can be included.

  In the power supply device for a vehicle according to the present invention, the voltage detection unit 2B in a bad environment is configured by one battery module 1, and the battery unit 2A in a favorable environment is configured by connecting a plurality of battery modules 1 in series. it can.

  The power supply device of the present invention has a feature that the deterioration of the battery module can be effectively prevented while simplifying the circuit configuration for detecting the voltage by reducing the number of voltage detection points. The vehicle power supply device according to the present invention divides a battery group in which a plurality of battery modules are connected in series into a voltage detection unit in a favorable environment and a voltage detection unit in a bad environment, and also detects a voltage in a favorable environment. This is because the unit increases the number of battery modules connected in series as compared to the voltage detection unit in a bad environment, and the voltage detection unit detects the voltage of the divided voltage detection unit. In particular, the present invention detects a voltage by connecting a large number of battery modules in series to a voltage detection unit in a favorable environment than in a voltage detection unit in a bad environment. The deterioration of the module can be effectively prevented.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiment described below exemplifies a vehicle power supply device for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the present invention does not specify the vehicle power supply device as follows.

  Further, in this specification, in order to facilitate understanding of the scope of claims, numbers corresponding to the members shown in the examples are indicated in the “claims” and “means for solving problems” sections. It is added to the members. However, the members shown in the claims are not limited to the members in the embodiments.

  The power supply device for a vehicle shown in FIG. 1 includes a battery group 3 in which a plurality of battery modules 1 are connected in series, and the battery group 3 is divided into a plurality of voltage detection units 2. The voltage detection part 4 which detects a voltage, and the control part 5 which controls the electric current which charges or discharges the battery group 3 with the detection voltage of the voltage detection part 4 are provided. Although the battery module 1 can use what connected five battery cells in series, The number of battery cells connected in series can be changed suitably.

  The battery group 3 is divided into a voltage detection unit 2A having a favorable environment and a voltage detection unit 2B having a bad environment, and the voltage of each voltage detection unit 2 is detected by the voltage detection unit 4. Furthermore, the voltage detection unit 2A in a favorable environment has a greater number of battery modules 1 connected in series than the voltage detection unit 2B in a bad environment. The good environment voltage detection unit 2A and the bad environment voltage detection unit 2B are separated by the environment of the battery module 1. The battery module 1 placed in a harsh environment where the deterioration of the battery becomes large is referred to as a bad environment voltage detection unit 2B, and the battery module 1 placed in a favorable environment with less battery deterioration is referred to as a favorable environment voltage detection unit 2A.

  The battery module 1 has different battery temperatures, vibrations and shocks depending on the environment in which it is installed. Accordingly, the plurality of battery modules 1 are separated into a bad environment voltage detection unit 2B and a favorable environment voltage detection unit 2A due to, for example, battery temperature, vibration or shock received by the battery, and the like. In the power supply device of FIG. 1, the battery module 1 in which the battery temperature becomes high is used as a bad environment voltage detection unit 2B, and the other battery modules 1 are used as a favorable environment voltage detection unit 2A. In particular, in the power supply device of this figure, one battery module 1 having the highest battery temperature is used as a voltage detection unit 2B in a bad environment, and the other battery modules 1 are separated into a voltage detection unit 2A in a good environment. Since the battery module 1 with the highest battery temperature is connected in the middle, the battery module 1 connected to the positive side and the negative side of the battery module 1 is used as a voltage detection unit 2A in a favorable environment, and a plurality of batteries are connected. Modules 1 are connected in series.

  The battery temperature varies depending on whether the fan is operating or stopped. In addition, in a power supply device mounted on a vehicle, the temperature of a battery rises after a predetermined time has elapsed after the ignition switch is turned off. At this time, the temperature of a specific battery module may increase. Therefore, the power supply device uses the battery module that has the highest temperature in the state of operating the fan (not shown) that cools the battery module 1 as a voltage detection unit in an adverse environment, or the highest temperature in the state of stopping the fan operation. The battery module that becomes a bad environment voltage detection unit, or the battery module that reaches the maximum temperature after a predetermined time after turning off the ignition switch is the bad environment voltage detection unit, and other battery modules are A voltage detection unit. Since the battery is charged and discharged at a high temperature and its life is reduced, the battery module whose temperature is high becomes a voltage detection unit in a bad environment.

  Furthermore, vehicles used in extremely cold regions are charged and discharged with extremely low battery temperatures. As the temperature of the battery decreases, the capacity that can be substantially charged and discharged decreases. Accordingly, a battery that is charged and discharged at a very low temperature, for example, at 0 ° C. or less, has a substantially small capacity that can be charged and discharged. A battery having a small real capacity is likely to be overdischarged or overcharged. Battery overcharge and overdischarge cause deterioration of the battery. Therefore, in the power supply device used at an extremely low temperature, the battery module whose temperature is lowered becomes a voltage detection unit in a bad environment, and the other battery modules become voltage detection units in a favorable environment. In this power supply apparatus, the battery module having the lowest temperature is used as a voltage detection unit for adverse environments, and the other battery modules are used as voltage detection units for favorable environments.

  Further, the power supply device mounted on the vehicle is vibrated by the vehicle traveling or by the vibration of the engine. For this reason, the power supply device mounted on the vehicle cannot eliminate the vibration of the battery module. In a power supply device that houses a large number of battery modules in a case, the state in which each battery module is fixed to the case is different, and furthermore, the vibration of the battery module cannot be completely eliminated due to local resonance of the case or the fixed portion. In particular, a power supply unit that supports both ends of a long and narrow battery module in which a plurality of unit cells are connected in series in a straight line with a clearance for cooling between the case and the entire battery module is in close contact with the case. Because it is not allowed to be placed, it cannot be placed in the case without vibration. A battery module with large vibration has a shorter life compared to a battery module with less vibration. This is because the internal and external connection portions of the battery are disconnected by vibration, or the electrodes are easily deteriorated by vibration. In this power supply device, a battery module having a large vibration is used as a voltage detection unit for adverse environments, and other battery modules are used as voltage detection units for favorable environments.

  In addition, a power supply device mounted on a vehicle may receive an impact due to a sudden braking or a collision of the vehicle. In particular, in a power supply device in which a large number of battery modules are arranged in a horizontal plane, the impact of battery modules disposed at the front and rear portions is increased during sudden braking or collision. A battery module has a considerable weight by connecting a plurality of unit cells in a straight line in series, so that in the event of sudden braking or impact, the front and rear battery modules may be pushed by other battery modules and receive a strong impact. is there. A battery module that receives a strong impact has a shorter life than a battery module that has a low impact. This is because, as in the case of vibration, the internal and external connection portions of the battery are disconnected by vibration, or the electrode is easily deteriorated by impact. In this power supply apparatus, a battery module having a large impact is used as a voltage detection unit for adverse environments, and other battery modules are used as voltage detection units for favorable environments.

  The voltage detection unit 4 detects the voltages of the voltage detection unit 2 of the adverse environment voltage detection unit 2B and the favorable environment voltage detection unit 2A. Since the voltage detection unit 2A in a favorable environment has a plurality of battery modules 1 connected in series, the voltage is detected as a total voltage obtained by adding the voltages of the plurality of battery modules 1. Since the bad environment voltage detection unit 2B is composed of one battery module 1, the voltage of one battery module 1 is detected. However, the power supply apparatus of the present invention can connect a battery module having a smaller number of battery modules in series than the voltage detection unit in a favorable environment. This power supply device detects a total voltage of a plurality of battery modules of a voltage detection unit in a bad environment with a voltage detection unit.

  The detected voltage of the voltage detection unit 2 is used to detect the remaining capacity, or is used to correct the remaining capacity calculated by accumulating the charge / discharge current, or the remaining capacity becomes zero and complete. It is used to cut off the discharge current in the overdischarged state by detecting that it has been discharged, and to detect the full charge and cut off the charging current in the overcharged state.

  A battery group 3 in which a large number of battery modules 1 are connected in series is charged and discharged with the same current. Therefore, the charge amount and the discharge amount of all the battery modules 1 are the same. However, the electrical characteristics of all the battery modules 1 do not necessarily change equally. In particular, when the number of charge / discharge cycles is increased, the degree of deterioration of each battery module 1 is different, and the capacity that can be fully charged changes. If it will be in this state, the battery module 1 in which the capacity | capacitance which can be fully charged decreased will become easy to be overcharged, and will also be easy to be overdischarged. The battery module 1 significantly deteriorates in electrical characteristics due to overcharge and overdischarge. Therefore, when the battery module whose capacity that can be fully charged is reduced is overcharged or overdischarged, the battery module 1 is rapidly deteriorated. For this reason, a large number of battery modules 1 are connected in series, but this is divided into a plurality of voltage detection units 2 to detect the voltage of each voltage detection unit 2, and the voltage detection unit 2 is detected from the detected voltage. It is important to charge and discharge while preventing overcharge and overdischarge of the battery module 1 included in the battery module 1, that is, while protecting the battery module 1. In the power supply device of the present invention, the battery module 1 in an environment that is easily deteriorated is charged and discharged while detecting the voltage of the battery module 1 more accurately as the voltage detection unit 2B in an adverse environment, and protecting it reliably. In addition, the battery module 1 with less deterioration serves as a voltage detection unit 2A in a favorable environment to detect a total voltage by connecting more battery modules 1 in series and prevent overcharge and overdischarge with this voltage. For this reason, the battery module 1 is charged and discharged while preventing overcharge and overdischarge of the battery module 1 included in the voltage detection unit 2A in a favorable environment. Since the voltage detection unit 2A in a favorable environment detects the total voltage by connecting many battery modules 1 in series, the number of channels for detecting the voltage of the voltage detection unit 2 is reduced, and all the battery modules 1 Can be charged and discharged while being protected by the detection voltage.

  Each battery module 1 has five nickel metal hydride batteries, which are battery cells, connected in series. In the battery group 3 in which 25 battery modules 1 are connected in series, a total of 125 nickel metal hydride batteries are connected in series, and the output voltage is 150V. The battery module does not necessarily connect five batteries in series. For example, four or less, or six or more secondary batteries can be connected in series. In addition, the battery group does not necessarily need to connect 25 battery modules in series, and fewer or more battery modules can be connected in series. Furthermore, the secondary battery of a battery module can also use other secondary batteries, such as a lithium ion secondary battery and a nickel cadmium battery.

  The voltage detection unit 4 detects the voltage at the voltage detection point 7 relative to the reference point 6 with the negative side of the battery group 3 in the figure as the reference point 6, and each voltage detection unit from the detected voltage difference of the voltage detection point 7. 2 voltage is calculated. The voltage detection point 7 is a connection point of the voltage detection units 2 connected in series with each other. The reference point 6 of the battery group 3 is connected to the voltage detection unit 4 via the reference connection line 8. The reference connection line 8 is an earth line for the voltage detection unit 4. However, the reference connection line 8 serving as the ground line of the voltage detection unit 4 is not connected to the chassis ground of the vehicle. This is to prevent electric shock.

  A voltage detection point 7 that is a connection point of the voltage detection unit 2 is connected to the voltage detection unit 4 via a voltage detection line 9. The voltage detection unit 4 detects the voltage of the voltage detection point 7 and detects the voltage of each voltage detection unit 2.

  The voltage detection unit 4 is connected to a resistance voltage dividing circuit 10 that divides the voltage at the voltage detection point 7, a multiplexer 11 that switches the voltage divided by the resistance voltage dividing circuit 10 in a time division manner, and an output side of the multiplexer 11. The A / D converter 12 is provided.

  The resistance voltage dividing circuit 10 connects two resistors 13 in series, divides the voltage at the voltage detection point 7, and inputs the divided voltage to the multiplexer 11. The highest voltage at the voltage detection point 7 is higher than the highest input voltage of the multiplexer 11. The resistance voltage dividing circuit 10 drops the voltage at the voltage detection point 7 at a specific voltage dividing ratio. The voltage dividing ratio of the resistance voltage dividing circuit 10 is specified by the electric resistance of the resistor 13 connected in series. Compared with the parallel resistor 13B connected in parallel with the input of the multiplexer 11, the electric resistance of the series resistor 13A connected in series is increased, and the voltage dividing ratio of the resistance voltage dividing circuit 10 is increased, that is, the multiplexer 11 The input voltage can be lowered.

  The resistance voltage dividing circuit 10 preferably steps down the voltage at the voltage detection point 7 to several volts and inputs the voltage to the multiplexer 11. Since the rate at which the resistance voltage dividing circuit 10 decreases the voltage at the voltage detection point 7 is specified by the ratio of electrical resistance, the detected voltage is calculated by the control unit 5 via the A / D converter 12. The voltage is corrected to an actual voltage in consideration of the voltage dividing ratio of the resistance voltage dividing circuit 10. For example, if the voltage dividing ratio of the resistance voltage dividing circuit 10 is 1/50, the control unit 5 multiplies the detected voltage by 50 to obtain the voltage at the voltage detection point 7.

  Further, the control unit 5 calculates the voltage of the voltage detection unit 2 from the voltage at the voltage detection point 7. The voltage of the voltage detection unit 2 is detected as a voltage difference at the voltage detection point 7. However, in the voltage detection unit 2 in which the minus side is connected to the ground line as a reference point, the voltage at the voltage detection point 7 becomes the voltage of the voltage detection unit 2. The controller 5 calculates the voltage of the battery module 1 from the calculated voltage of the voltage detection unit 2.

The voltage of the battery module 1 is
It is calculated by [total voltage of voltage detection unit / number of battery modules].
In the voltage detection unit 2B in a bad environment composed of one battery module 1, the voltage of the voltage detection unit 2 becomes the voltage of the battery module 1.
A favorable voltage detection unit 2A in which two battery modules 1 are connected in series,
[Total voltage / 2 of the voltage detection unit] is the voltage of the battery module 1.
Moreover, the voltage detection unit 2 which has connected six battery modules 1 in series is:
[Total voltage / 6 of the voltage detection unit] is the voltage of the battery module 1.

  The voltage detection unit 4 described above detects the voltage at the voltage detection point 7 and detects the voltage of the voltage detection unit 2 from the difference voltage at the voltage detection point 7. However, in the power supply device of the present invention, the voltage at both ends of each voltage detection unit is input to a differential amplifier, the output of the differential amplifier is converted into a digital signal by an A / D converter, and the voltage of the voltage detection unit is It can also be detected.

  The control unit 5 protects the battery by controlling charging / discharging of the battery group 3 with the voltage of the battery module 1 detected by the voltage detection unit 4, detects the capacity of the battery module 1, or calculates from the charging / discharging current. Correct the remaining capacity.

  Further, when measuring the voltage of such a plurality of battery modules 1, the voltage difference between the battery modules is obtained, and when the voltage difference (= voltage deviation) is equal to or greater than a predetermined value that is a criterion, the battery module having a decreased voltage 1 is in an overdischarged state, and discharge can be stopped. As shown in FIG. 2, the predetermined value as such a determination criterion can be a “fixed voltage deviation determination criterion” or “voltage deviation due to temperature variation” in FIG. 2 as described below. Can also be used as a criterion for voltage deviation taking into consideration. That is, when temperature variations occur in a plurality of battery modules, voltage deviations occur as shown in “voltage deviation due to temperature variations” in FIG. And the voltage deviation which arises by the dispersion | variation in the temperature between battery modules can be considered, and the criterion of the voltage deviation between battery modules can be changed. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the temperature of the battery module is measured, and the voltage deviation criterion when the temperature variation is Δt is shown in FIG. 2 as “the voltage deviation criterion considering the voltage variation due to temperature variation”. It may be changed as follows.

It is a schematic block diagram of the power supply device for vehicles concerning one Example of the present invention. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the temperature dispersion | variation in a some battery module, and a voltage deviation.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Battery module 2 ... Voltage detection unit 2A ... Voltage detection unit of favorable environment
2B ... Bad Environment Voltage Detection Unit 3 ... Battery Group 4 ... Voltage Detection Unit 5 ... Control Unit 6 ... Reference Point 7 ... Voltage Detection Point 8 ... Reference Connection Line 9 ... Voltage Detection Line 10 ... Resistance Divider Circuit 11 ... Multiplexer 12 ... A / D converter 13 ... resistor 13A ... series resistance
13B ... Parallel resistance

Claims (8)

A battery group (3) in which a plurality of battery modules (1) are connected in series, and the battery group (3) is divided into a plurality of voltage detection units (2), and the voltage of each voltage detection unit (2) is divided. A voltage detection unit (4) for detecting the voltage, and a control unit (5) for controlling the current for charging or discharging the battery group (3) with the detection voltage of the voltage detection unit (4),
The battery group (3) is divided into a voltage detection unit (2A) in a favorable environment and a voltage detection unit (2B) in a bad environment, and the voltage detection unit (4) detects the voltage of each voltage detection unit (2) In addition, the favorable voltage detection unit (2A) is a power supply device for vehicles in which the number of battery modules (1) connected in series is larger than that of the adverse environment voltage detection unit (2B).   The bad environment voltage detection unit (2B) and the good environment voltage detection unit (2A) are separated by the temperature of the battery module (1), and the bad environment voltage detection unit (2B) detects the good environment voltage. The power supply device for vehicles described in Claim 1 containing the battery module (1) higher or lower temperature than a unit (2A).   The bad environment voltage detection unit (2B) and the favorable environment voltage detection unit (2A) are separated by the temperature of the battery module (1) when the cooling fan is stopped. The vehicle power supply device according to claim 2, wherein 2B) includes a battery module (1) having a higher or lower temperature than the voltage detection unit (2A) in a favorable environment.   The bad environment voltage detection unit (2B) and the favorable environment voltage detection unit (2A) are separated by the temperature of the battery module (1) when the cooling fan is operating. The vehicle power supply device according to claim 2, comprising a battery module (1) having a higher or lower temperature than the voltage detection unit (2A) in a favorable environment.   The bad environment voltage detection unit (2B) and the favorable environment voltage detection unit (2A) are separated by the temperature of the battery module (1) after a predetermined time has passed since the vehicle ignition switch was turned off. The vehicle power supply device according to claim 2, wherein the voltage detection unit (2B) includes a battery module (1) having a higher or lower temperature than the voltage detection unit (2A) in a favorable environment.   The bad environment voltage detection unit (2B) and the favorable environment voltage detection unit (2A) are separated by the vibration state of the battery module (1), and the adverse environment voltage detection unit (2B) The power supply device for a vehicle according to claim 1, comprising a battery module (1) that is vibrated more greatly than the detection unit (2A).   The bad environment voltage detection unit (2B) and the favorable environment voltage detection unit (2A) are separated by the magnitude of impact received by the battery module (1), and the adverse environment voltage detection unit (2B) The power supply device for a vehicle according to claim 1, comprising a battery module (1) that receives a stronger impact than the environmental voltage detection unit (2A). The bad environment voltage detection unit (2B) is composed of one battery module (1), and the favorable environment battery unit (2A) is formed by connecting a plurality of battery modules (1) in series. Power supply device for vehicles.

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