JP2007210795A - Elevator device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an elevator device capable of enhancing life of a rope while preventing reduction of friction coefficient by influence of a foreign matter. <P>SOLUTION: In the elevator device provided with a car 2 connected to one end of the rope 1 covered with a resin; a counter weight 3 connected to the other end of the rope 1; a sheave 4 wound with the rope 1 on a rope groove 9; and an electric motor 5 for rotating/driving the sheave 4, the sheave 4 is made of metal, a surface of the rope groove is applied with metal plating impregnated with a low friction resin to form a plated layer. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a rope-type elevator apparatus that drives a passenger car with a rope in which steel wires are twisted and covered with a resin.

  The elevator system is a rope type which is the main form, and a ride weight connected to one end of the rope, a counter weight (weight) connected to the other end of the rope to balance the ride and this rope There is known a sheave provided with a sheave wound around and a motor (winding machine) that rotationally drives the sheave. In order to operate this elevator apparatus properly, the friction coefficient between the rope and the sheave needs to be sufficient and stable for driving the elevator. Specifically, the mass difference between the car and the counterweight must be supported by the frictional force between the rope and the sheave, and the sheave torque must be transmitted to the rope.

  Here, for example, when a rope made by twisting a steel wire and covered with a resin or a synthetic fiber rope is used, the surface pressure of the rope against the sheave is reduced because the resin is softer and easier to deform than metal, and it exists in the hoistway. The foreign matter (for example, oil, water, etc.) to be easily penetrated between the rope and the sheave. Normally, an elevator apparatus drives a rope and a sheave with no foreign matter attached, but if a large amount of foreign matter is attached, the friction coefficient between the rope and the sheave may decrease due to the influence of the foreign matter. there were.

  Therefore, in order to cope with this, for example, when a synthetic fiber rope is adopted, the surface of the sheave rope groove is plasma-coated, and the surface roughness is set to roughness grades N7 to N12 (this range is arithmetic average roughness Ra = 1. 6 to 50 μm) has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2001-139267 A

However, there are the following problems in the above-described prior art.
That is, in the above prior art, by setting the surface roughness of the rope groove of the sheave to the arithmetic average roughness Ra = 1.6 to 50 μm, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the friction coefficient even if foreign matter is present. It has become. However, if the arithmetic average roughness Ra is too large, the wear amount of the rope and sheave also increases. In particular, for example, when the surface of the rope groove of the sheave is hardened, the wear amount of the rope increases and the rope life may be shortened.

  The objective of this invention is providing the elevator apparatus which can improve a rope lifetime, preventing the fall of the friction coefficient by the influence of a foreign material.

  (1) In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention includes a ride connected to one end of a resin-coated rope, a counterweight connected to the other end of the rope, and the rope wound around a rope groove. The sheave is made of metal and the surface of the rope groove is subjected to metal plating treatment impregnated with a low friction resin to form a plating layer. Is done.

  (2) In the above (1), preferably, the low friction resin is a tetrafluoroethylene resin.

  (3) In the above (1), preferably, the content of the low friction resin in the plating layer is 40 Vol% or less.

  (4) In the above (1), preferably, the plating layer is formed after the surface of the rope groove is shot peened.

  (5) In said (1), Preferably, after forming the said plating layer, a shot peening process is performed.

  (6) In the above (1), preferably, the metal plating process is a nickel plating process.

  (7) In the above (1), preferably, the surface of the rope groove has an average roughness Ra = 3 to 6 μm in the rope longitudinal direction and radial direction roughness.

  (8) In the above (1), preferably, the surface of the rope groove is such that the rope longitudinal and radial roughness is a ratio Rz / Ra = 4 to 8 between the maximum height Rz and the average roughness Ra.

  (9) In the above (1), preferably, the surface of the rope groove has a ratio of the maximum height Rz to the average roughness Ra in the sheave circumferential direction and the width direction Rz / Ra = 4-8.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to improve the rope life while preventing the friction coefficient from being lowered due to the influence of foreign matter.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the overall configuration of an embodiment of an elevator apparatus according to the present invention.

  In FIG. 1, an elevator apparatus is connected to a rope 1 (for example, see FIGS. 1, 4 to 7, etc. of JP-A-2001-262482) in which a steel wire is covered with a twisted resin and is connected to one end of the rope 1. A passenger car 2 on which a passenger is placed, a counterweight (weight) 3 connected to the other end of the rope 1, a sheave 4 around which the rope 1 is wound, and an electric motor (winding machine) that rotationally drives the sheave 4 5 and a deflection wheel 6 provided between the sheave 4 and the counterweight 3 and around which the rope 1 is wound. A guide rail 7 is installed in the hoistway, and a guide shoe 8 that sandwiches the guide rail 7 is attached to the car 4. When the sheave 4 is rotationally driven by the electric motor 5, the car 2 is moved up and down along the guide rail 7 in the hoistway.

  In the elevator apparatus configured as described above, the metal surface in contact with the rope 1 is a rope groove formed in each of the sheave 4 and the deflector wheel 6. And this embodiment has the big characteristic of this invention in the rope groove of the sheave 4, The detail is demonstrated below.

  FIG. 2 is a side view showing the overall structure of the sheave 4, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view in the width direction of the sheave 4 taken along section III-III in FIG. FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the metal surface of the rope groove of the sheave 4.

  2 to 4, a plurality of (three in the drawing) rope grooves 9 around which the rope 1 is wound are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the sheave 4. The rope groove 9 of the sheave 4 is formed as a round groove having a semicircular cross section in consideration of the friction coefficient with the rope 1 (note that the cross section is a V groove having a V shape, a round groove or a V groove). It may be a groove that is undercut so that the bottom of the wire becomes a rope non-contact region).

  The metal surface of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4 (in this embodiment, for example, the surface of the sheave base material 10 made of cast iron) is subjected to shot peening (specifically, abrasive grains having a diameter of 10 to 500 μm, for example, at high speed). The roughness in the sheave circumferential direction and the width direction (in other words, the longitudinal direction and the radial direction of the rope 1) is formed so that the arithmetic average roughness Ra = 3 to 6 μm. The shot peening process is a processing method capable of work hardening a very thin layer on the surface, and the toughness of the entire sheave 4 is not impaired.

  Next, the effect of this embodiment is demonstrated by the test result of the inventors of this application.

FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the result of a friction coefficient measurement test with respect to the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the metal surface of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4.
In FIG. 5, the horizontal axis represents the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the metal surface of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4, and the vertical axis represents the friction coefficient μa in a state where no oil adheres and the state in which the oil adheres. The ratio μa / μb to the friction coefficient μb is expressed. When the arithmetic average roughness Ra = 0.5, the friction coefficient ratio μa / μb≈10 (in other words, the friction coefficient in the state where the oil is adhered is 1/10 compared to the state where the oil is not adhered). ). In the range of the arithmetic average roughness Ra <3 μm, the friction coefficient ratio μa / μb rapidly decreases as the arithmetic average roughness Ra increases, and in the range of the arithmetic average roughness Ra ≧ 3 μm, the friction coefficient ratio μa / μb. It is almost constant at ≈1 (in other words, even when oil is attached, the friction coefficient is almost unchanged and stable).

In order to explain the relationship between the arithmetic average roughness Ra and the friction coefficient ratio μa / μb, FIG. 6 shows the arithmetic average roughness Ra converted into oil film parameters. FIG. 6 is a so-called Stribeck diagram showing the lubrication state of the rope 1 and the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4.
In FIG. 6, the horizontal axis represents the relative oil film parameter (= oil film thickness / surface roughness), and the vertical axis represents the friction coefficient μb at the time of oil adhesion when the arithmetic average roughness Ra = 0.5. The relative friction coefficient μb ′ at the time of oil adhesion is taken and expressed. In the range of arithmetic average roughness Ra = 6 to 3 μm (in other words, the relative oil film parameter is in the range of 0 to 1.8), the relative friction coefficient μb′≈5.0 is substantially constant, and the rope 1 and the sheave 4 The rope groove 9 is in a boundary lubrication state. Further, in the range of arithmetic average roughness Ra = 3 to 0.5 μm (in other words, the relative oil film parameter is in the range of 1.8 to 3.2), the relative friction coefficient μb ′ increases rapidly as the arithmetic average roughness Ra decreases. The rope 1 and the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4 are in a mixed lubrication state. Although the test results are not shown, the rope 1 and the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4 are fluid lubricated in the range of arithmetic average roughness Ra <0.5 μm (in other words, the relative oil film parameter exceeds 3). It is estimated that the state (specifically, the state where the oil film between the rope 1 and the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4 has developed and floated) is shifted to a state.

  Therefore, in the range of the arithmetic average roughness Ra ≧ 3 μm, the effect of the liquid pool (concave portion) due to the difference in the height of the roughness formed on the metal surface of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4 lies between the metal surface and the rope 1. It can be said that it is difficult for foreign matter to enter the surface, and a reduction in the friction coefficient due to the influence of the foreign matter can be prevented.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the results of a wear amount measurement test of the rope 1 with respect to the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the metal surface of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4. That is, since the rope 1 expands and contracts on the sheave 4 due to the difference in mass between the car 2 and the counterweight 3, the present inventors measure the amount of wear.
In FIG. 7, the horizontal axis represents the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the metal surface of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4, and the vertical axis represents the relative wear amount W. In the range of the arithmetic average roughness Ra ≦ 6 μm, the relative wear amount W monotonously increases as the arithmetic average roughness Ra increases, and adhesion wear (specifically, adhesion to the metal surface of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4) The wear that the covering resin of the rope 1 is peeled off) is dominant. In addition, in the range of arithmetic average roughness Ra> 6 μm, the relative wear amount W increases rapidly as the arithmetic average roughness Ra increases, and the abrasive wear (specifically, the metal surface of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4 increases). The wear of the roughness protrusions scraping the coating resin of the rope 1) is dominant. Thereby, in the range of arithmetic average roughness Ra ≦ 6 μm, it can be said that the wear amount of the rope 1 can be suppressed and the rope life can be improved.

  The test results shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 described above were measured in the range of the ratio Rz / Ra = 4 to 8 between the maximum height Rz and the arithmetic average roughness Ra described later.

  From the above, in the present embodiment, the roughness in the sheave circumferential direction and the width direction on the metal surface of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4 is set to the arithmetic average roughness Ra = 3 to 6 μm, so that the friction caused by the influence of foreign matter is caused. The rope life can be improved while preventing the coefficient from decreasing. Moreover, since the reduction of the friction coefficient due to the influence of foreign matter can be prevented, the elevator apparatus can be properly operated. Moreover, the replacement frequency of the rope can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced.

  In the first embodiment, the metal surface of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4 by the shot peening process using abrasive grains is shown in FIG. 4 as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this. That is, for example, by changing the projection direction of the abrasive grains, changing the abrasive grains to spherical fine particles and performing shot peening multiple times, or performing plastic working by pressing a metal member, as shown in FIG. The shape of the roughness protrusion at may be rounded. Also in this case, the same effect as described above can be obtained by setting the arithmetic average roughness Ra = 3 to 6 μm.

  A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the part equivalent to the said 1st Embodiment, and description is abbreviate | omitted suitably.

  In this embodiment, the metal surface of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4 has a roughness Rz / Ra (hereinafter referred to as roughness ratio) between the maximum height Rz and the arithmetic average roughness Ra. It is formed so that it may become 4-8. The effect of this embodiment is demonstrated by the test result of the present inventors.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the results of a friction coefficient measurement test with respect to the roughness ratio Rz / Ra of the metal surface of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4.
In FIG. 9, the horizontal axis represents the roughness ratio Rz / Ra of the metal surface of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4, and the vertical axis represents the friction coefficient μa in a state where no oil adheres and the state in which the oil adheres. The ratio μa / μb with respect to the friction coefficient μb in FIG. When the roughness ratio Rz / Ra = 3.2, the friction coefficient ratio μa / μb≈5 (in other words, the friction coefficient in the oil-attached state is 1/0 compared to the oil-free state. To 5). In the range of the roughness ratio Rz / Ra <4, the friction coefficient ratio μa / μb rapidly decreases as the roughness ratio Rz / Ra increases, and in the range of the roughness ratio Rz / Ra ≧ 4, the friction coefficient ratio μa / μb≈1 and almost constant (in other words, even when oil is attached, the coefficient of friction is almost unchanged and stable). As a result, in the range of the roughness ratio Rz / Ra ≧ 4, the effect of the liquid pool (concave portion) due to the difference in the roughness formed on the metal surface of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4 is reduced. It can be said that the foreign matter is less likely to enter during the period of time, and the reduction of the friction coefficient due to the influence of the foreign matter can be prevented.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the results of a wear amount measurement test of the rope 1 with respect to the roughness ratio Rz / Ra of the metal surface of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4.
In FIG. 10, the horizontal axis represents the roughness ratio Rz / Ra of the metal surface of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4, and the vertical axis represents the relative wear amount W. In the range of the roughness ratio Rz / Ra ≦ 8, the relative wear amount W monotonously increases as the roughness ratio Rz / Ra increases, and the adhesive wear is dominant. In the range of the roughness ratio Rz / Ra> 8, the relative wear amount W increases rapidly as the roughness ratio Rz / Ra increases, and abrasive wear is dominant. Thereby, in the range of roughness ratio Rz / Ra <= 8, it can be said that the amount of wear of the rope 1 can be suppressed and the rope life can be improved.

  The test results shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 described above are measured in the range of arithmetic average roughness Ra = 3 to 6 μm.

  From the above, in the present embodiment, the roughness in the sheave circumferential direction and the width direction on the metal surface of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4 is set to the roughness ratio Rz / Ra = 4 to 8, thereby affecting the influence of foreign matter. The rope life can be improved while preventing the friction coefficient from decreasing. Moreover, since the reduction of the friction coefficient due to the influence of foreign matter can be prevented, the elevator apparatus can be properly operated. Moreover, the replacement frequency of the rope can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced.

  In the first embodiment described above, the roughness in the sheave circumferential direction and the width direction on the metal surface of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4 is described as the arithmetic average roughness Ra = 3 to 6 μm. In the embodiment, the roughness ratio Rz / Ra = 4 to 8 has been described, but it goes without saying that these conditions may be combined.

  A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the present embodiment, the metal surface of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4 is subjected to a metal plating process.

  FIG. 11 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the metal surface of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4 according to the present embodiment. In FIG. 11, parts that are the same as in the above embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted as appropriate.

  In this embodiment, the metal surface of the rope groove of the sheave 4 is subjected to a metal plating process in which the surface of the sheave base material 10 is subjected to shot peening and then impregnated with a low friction resin (for example, tetrafluoroethylene resin having lubricity). A plating layer 11 is formed by applying (for example, nickel plating treatment). The plated layer 11 preferably has a thickness of, for example, 1 μm or more and a Vickers hardness of 250 or more in consideration of wear due to friction with the rope 1. Further, for example, since the hardness decreases when the content of the tetrafluoroethylene resin is large, the content of the tetrafluoroethylene resin is desirably 40 Vol% or less. Also on the metal surface of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4, the roughness in the sheave circumferential direction and the width direction is set to the arithmetic average roughness Ra = 3 to 6 μm, or the roughness ratio Rz / Ra = 4, as in the above embodiment. ~ 8.

  In the present embodiment as described above, the rope life can be improved while preventing the friction coefficient from being lowered due to the influence of the foreign matter, as in the above embodiment. Moreover, in this embodiment, the abrasion resistance of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4 can be improved by performing a metal plating process containing a low friction resin. Moreover, generation | occurrence | production of rust can be prevented and rust acts as an abrasive | polishing agent and can prevent that the surface roughness of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4 falls.

  In the third embodiment, the metal surface of the rope groove of the sheave 4 is subjected to a shot peening process on the surface of the sheave base material 10 and then subjected to a metal plating process impregnated with a low friction resin to form a plating layer 11. However, the present invention is not limited to this. That is, for example, as shown in FIG. 12, the surface of the sheave base material 10 may be subjected to a metal plating process impregnated with a low friction resin to form a plating layer 11 and then a shot peening process. In such a case, the same effect as described above can be obtained.

  A fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the present embodiment, an oil supply means for supplying oil to the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4 is provided.

  FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating the overall configuration of the elevator apparatus according to the present embodiment. FIG. 14 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing, as an example, a state in which oil is supplied to the metal surface of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4 corresponding to FIG. 4 of the first embodiment, and FIG. It is an expanded sectional view showing the state where oil was supplied to the metal surface of rope groove 9 of sheave 4 equivalent to Drawing 11 of an embodiment as another example. In FIGS. 13 to 15, the same parts as those in the above embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

  In the present embodiment, an oil supply device 12 (oil supply means) that supplies an appropriate amount of oil 13 to the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4 is provided. Although not shown in detail, the oil supply device 12 has a mechanism for pressing, for example, a resin soaked with oil into the rope groove 9 of the rotating sheave 4. Further, the metal surface of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4 has a roughness in the circumferential direction and the width direction of the sheave circumferential direction and the width direction of arithmetic mean roughness Ra = 3 to 6 μm, or the roughness ratio Rz / Ra = 4 to 8 as in the above embodiment. It is said.

  In the present embodiment as described above, the rope life can be improved while preventing the friction coefficient from being lowered due to the influence of the foreign matter, as in the above embodiment. Further, in the present embodiment, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the friction coefficient due to the influence of oil, so that an appropriate amount of oil 13 is supplied to the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4. Thereby, compared with the case where oil is not supplied, the abrasion amount of the rope 1 can be reduced, for example. Moreover, generation | occurrence | production of rust can be prevented and rust acts as an abrasive | polishing agent and can prevent that the surface roughness of the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4 falls.

  In the fourth embodiment, the case where the oil supply device 12 is provided as the oil supply means has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this. That is, for example, an appropriate amount of oil may be supplied to the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4 by adding oil to the inside of the rope 1 or the coating resin and causing the sheave 4 to exude by surface pressure with the rope groove 9. In such a case, the same effect as described above can be obtained.

  In the above description, the rope groove 9 of the sheave 4 is described as an example of the metal surface in contact with the rope 1, but the present invention is not limited to this. That is, it goes without saying that the present invention may be applied to, for example, the deflector 6 or the like.

It is the schematic showing the whole structure of 1st Embodiment of the elevator apparatus of this invention. It is a side view showing the whole structure of the sheave which constitutes a 1st embodiment of the elevator apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view in the width direction of a sheave according to a section III-III in FIG. 2. It is an expanded sectional view showing the metal surface of the rope groove of the sheave which constitutes a 1st embodiment of the elevator device of the present invention as an example. It is a figure showing the result of the friction coefficient measurement test with respect to arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the metal surface of the rope groove of a sheave. FIG. 6 is a Stribeck diagram based on the test results shown in FIG. 5. It is a figure showing the result of the rope wear amount measurement test with respect to the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the metal surface of the rope groove of a sheave. It is an expanded sectional view showing the metal surface of the rope groove of the sheave which constitutes a 1st embodiment of the elevator device of the present invention as another example. It is a figure showing the result of the friction coefficient measurement test with respect to ratio Rz / Ra of the maximum height Rz in the metal surface of the rope groove of a sheave, and arithmetic mean roughness Ra. It is a figure showing the result of the rope wear amount measurement test with respect to ratio Rz / Ra of maximum height Rz and arithmetic mean roughness Ra in the metal surface of the rope groove of a sheave. It is an expanded sectional view showing the metal surface of the rope groove of the sheave which constitutes a 3rd embodiment of the elevator apparatus of the present invention as an example. It is an expanded sectional view showing the metal surface of the rope groove of the sheave which constitutes a 3rd embodiment of the elevator apparatus of the present invention as another example. It is the schematic showing the whole structure of 4th Embodiment of the elevator apparatus of this invention. It is an expanded sectional view showing the metal surface of the rope groove of the sheave which constitutes the 4th embodiment of the elevator device of the present invention as an example. It is an expanded sectional view showing the metal surface of the rope groove of the sheave which constitutes the 4th embodiment of the elevator device of the present invention as another example.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rope 2 Car 3 Counterweight 4 Sheave 5 Electric motor 6 Baffle 7 Guide rail 8 Guide shoe 9 Rope groove 10 Sheave base material 11 Plating layer 12 Oil supply device (oil supply means)
13 Oil

Claims (9)

A riding cage connected to one end of a resin-coated rope, a counterweight connected to the other end of the rope, a sheave around which the rope is wound around a rope groove, and an electric motor that rotationally drives the sheave. In elevator equipment,
The elevator apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sheave is made of metal, and the surface of the rope groove is subjected to a metal plating process impregnated with a low friction resin to form a plating layer.   The elevator apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the low friction resin is a tetrafluoroethylene resin.   2. The elevator apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the content of the low friction resin in the plating layer is 40 Vol% or less.   2. The elevator apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plating layer is formed after the surface of the rope groove is shot peened.   The elevator apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a shot peening process is performed after the plating layer is formed.   The elevator apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the metal plating process is a nickel plating process.   2. The elevator apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the rope groove has an average roughness Ra = 3 to 6 [mu] m in the rope longitudinal direction and the radial direction.   2. The surface of the rope groove according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the rope groove has a rope longitudinal and radial roughness ratio Rz / Ra = 4 to 8 between the maximum height Rz and the average roughness Ra. Elevator equipment.   2. The surface of the rope groove according to claim 1, wherein the surface roughness of the sheave circumferential direction and the width direction is a ratio Rz / Ra = 4 to 8 between the maximum height Rz and the average roughness Ra. Elevator equipment.

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