JP2007209594A - Duct type hollow structure having air cleaning effect and air cleaning method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a duct type hollow structure easily adjusting settings such as a pressure loss and an air cleaning capacity according to changes in conditions such as the type and concentration of pollutant and a wind speed, and easily replacing and cleaning an air cleaning means such as photocatalyst and adsorbent at an appropriate time; and an air cleaning method using the same. <P>SOLUTION: This duct type hollow structure is provided with a hollow structure body 2 having an air passage, and a pollutant removing member 3 attachably/detachably disposed inside the hollow structure body 2 in approximately parallel to the circulating direction of air. The hollow structure body 2 has an opening/closing part and the pollutant removing member 3 can be put in/taken out from the opening/closing part. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a duct-type hollow structure that cleans air by removing pollutants from contaminated air and an air cleaning method using the same.

In recent years, from the viewpoint of environmental protection, for example, carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) greenhouse gases have been set for international reduction targets, etc., and a global afforestation project aimed at reducing carbon dioxide In response to this, measures such as rooftop greening have been taken in the construction field.

  In terms of health, nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emitted from automobiles, etc. are becoming more stringent, and formaldehyde that causes malodorous substances, tobacco odor and sick house syndrome. Contaminants in living spaces such as are also a social problem.

  As a technology for removing these pollutants contained in the air, a technology for decomposing and removing the pollutants by contacting with a photocatalyst such as titanium oxide activated under light energy such as sunlight, or ozone treatment The removal technique by the use or the technique of adsorption removal with an adsorbent such as activated carbon has been put into practical use.

  Also, in a building, a technique for removing contaminants contained in air taken into the building or air discharged outside the building by using a filter using an adsorbent or a photocatalyst has been proposed. However, in order to pass the air through the filter, the pressure loss becomes extremely large, so it is necessary to install a dedicated blower or strengthen the existing blower for the duct.

  On the other hand, for example, in Patent Documents 1 to 9, an apparatus (see FIG. 1) that reduces a pressure loss by arranging a flat plate made of a photocatalyst or a combination of a photocatalyst and an adsorbent in parallel with the flow direction of contaminated air. Hereinafter, it is referred to as a parallel plate device). Patent Document 2 describes that when parallel plates are stacked and arranged, the interval is set to an empirical numerical value (for example, 0.5 to 2.5 mm). It is described that the interval between parallel plates is set based on the removal efficiency derived from the Gormley-Kennedy theoretical formula as a diffusion scrubber.

  On the other hand, as a method for removing outdoor pollutants, for example, a photocatalyst is applied to the surface of a structure such as an outer wall of a building, a guardrail, or a road, and NOx and SOx existing in the surroundings are decomposed and removed by the action of the photocatalyst. A method is being considered. However, in this method, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and the like are generated from NOx and SOx, and these generated substances are washed away from the surface of the photocatalyst by rainwater. There is a risk of causing contamination. For this reason, it is desirable to collect the contaminated water. However, since a large amount of the contaminated water is generated, the cost for the recovery equipment is high, and the vicinity of the structure such as the outer wall of the building or the guardrail described above However, it is difficult to recover the contaminated water at present because it is not suitable for installing recovery equipment.

  Therefore, the inventors previously formed a void part over the range from the lower layer part to the top part of the building as a building that solves the above problems, and using the rising air current of this void part Proposes a building that collects contaminated air outside and / or inside the building at the top of the building and purifies the collected contaminated air through a hollow air purifier installed at the top of the building. In addition, this is disclosed in Patent Document 10. According to the building described in Patent Document 10, various pollutants contained in the air outside and / or inside the building are effectively removed without causing groundwater contamination and the like, thereby purifying the air. Can be achieved.

  Incidentally, inside the air cleaning device, there are provided two spaces partitioned by a partition plate and a door, one of which is an air flow path (a space through which air flows) and the other is a cleaning area (the air does not flow). It is possible to switch between the air flow path and the washing area by rotating the door. Then, by performing this switching operation, it is possible to clean the inside of the apparatus and collect the drainage.

JP-A-10-305213 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-286436 JP 2000-271486 A JP 2001-12095 A JP 2001-137665 A JP 2002-166131 A JP 2002-95929 A Japanese Patent No. 3484208 JP 2005-131553 A JP 2004-154754 A

  By the way, in buildings, for example, the concentration of pollutants is relatively low such as outside air intake, air supply / exhaust opening connecting underground space and ground, aquarium exhaust, underground parking lot, tunnel exhaust, etc. There are places that are easy to change. In addition, in the building described in Patent Document 10, there are cases where changes occur in the wind speed and the type and concentration of pollutants due to the size of the void, location conditions, seasonal temperature fluctuations, and the like.

  However, the parallel plate devices described in Patent Documents 1 to 9 and the air cleaning device described in Patent Document 10 have settings such as pressure loss and air cleaning capability (contaminant removal efficiency) after installation at the site. Since there is no means for adjustment, it is difficult to adjust the above settings according to the conditions such as the type and concentration of contaminants or the wind speed as described above. Therefore, for example, when the planned performance at the time of design cannot be ensured, it is necessary to replace the entire apparatus.

In addition, when connecting the parallel plate device to an existing duct, etc., the existing equipment should be installed by designing the parallel plate device according to the installation environment or by a large-scale construction such as adding supply / exhaust power. Time and effort to meet the specifications of the parallel plate device occurs. In any case, fine adjustment of the setting is often required after installation, but in such a case, it is difficult to adjust the setting.
Note that, as described above, Patent Document 2 describes a method of setting the interval between parallel plates to an empirical value, and Patent Documents 8 and 9 describe Gormley− as a diffusion scrubber. Although the method of setting based on the removal efficiency derived from the Kennedy theoretical formula is described, any of these design methods can be used for the initial temporary design, but after the parallel plate device is installed, Could not be applied to the adjustment.

In addition, when removing NOx with a photocatalyst or adsorbent, it is necessary to periodically wash and replace with water. The timing and target of such treatment should be based on usage conditions such as the type and concentration of pollutants, and wind speed. It depends on. However, in the parallel plate devices described in Patent Documents 1 to 9, since it is impossible to accurately grasp the time and object to be processed, it is necessary to replace or clean the whole at a time that is not necessarily optimal. As a result, the cost was increased.
Moreover, in the air purification apparatus of patent document 10, when washing | cleaning air purification means, such as a photocatalyst and an adsorbent, since the whole apparatus must be wash | cleaned, the amount of wastewater increases and it is great for the collection | recovery. There was a problem of requiring labor.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and settings such as pressure loss and air cleaning capability can be easily adjusted according to changes in conditions such as the type and concentration of contaminants or wind speed. Moreover, it is an object of the present invention to provide a duct type hollow structure in which air cleaning means such as a photocatalyst and an adsorbent can be easily replaced and cleaned at an appropriate time, and an air cleaning method using the same.

  In order to solve the above problems, a duct type hollow structure according to the present invention described in claim 1 is a duct type hollow structure having an air cleaning effect, and a hollow structure main body having an air flow path, The hollow structure main body includes a contaminant removing member disposed in a detachable state substantially parallel to the air flow direction, and the hollow structure main body has a wall surface (ceiling surface, side surface or bottom surface). 1) having an opening / closing part, and the contaminant removing member can be taken in and out from the opening / closing part.

Here, the pollutants contained in the air include, for example, NOx, SOx, CO ₂ and the like discharged from surrounding factories, automobiles, underground spaces, etc., for the air outside the building. In addition, the air inside buildings is caused by CO ₂ generated from living spaces such as offices, formaldehyde and toluene generated from building materials, paints, furniture, etc., malodorous substances such as ammonia generated from toilets, tobacco, etc. If the building is a zoo or aquarium, it is a malodorous substance such as trimethylamine generated during the animal or its breeding process, or if it is a factory, various chemical substances Is mentioned.

  In addition, the opening / closing part can open and close the opening with, for example, a rotating or sliding door member, as long as the contaminant removing member can be taken in and out with the hollow structure body installed. Or what kind of thing, such as what opens and closes an opening part with a cover member, may be sufficient.

  The pollutant removing member is disposed “substantially parallel to the air flow direction” in order to suppress an increase in pressure loss, and, for example, a natural wind flow can be performed without using a blower. The resistance that can be passed or the resistance that can be used as it is when it is attached to an existing air supply / exhaust port can be achieved, and an effective but not ultimate contamination air removal rate can be realized. In general filters, in order to achieve the ultimate removal rate, air cleaning means (photocatalyst, adsorbent) are arranged in a tightly packed state to increase the contact area between the air cleaning means and air. In this case, since air resistance becomes very large, it is necessary to increase the capacity of the blower accordingly. On the other hand, in the present invention, since the contaminated air flows while contacting the surface of the air cleaning means, the pressure loss is extremely low as compared with the case of passing through the air cleaning means like a filter.

  Further, the role of the pollutant removing member is as follows: 1) a support for holding the air cleaning means, 2) resistance for controlling the air flow rate (by changing the quantity and arrangement of the pollutant removing member) 3) Control the air flow (separate effect) or cause turbulence to increase the contact area and contact amount of the air to the air cleaning means. And so on.

  The invention according to claim 2 is the duct type hollow structure according to claim 1, wherein the hollow structure main body is a measuring device for measuring any of the type / concentration of the pollutants in the air and the wind speed. It has an observation port for mounting.

  For example, when the pollutant is NOx or the like, the concentration can be directly measured by inserting a tube connected to a suction pump built in the NOx measuring device from the observation port. In addition, by inserting various detector tubes from the observation port and measuring, the concentration can be measured for a wide range of substances, although the accuracy is reduced. Moreover, when performing a highly accurate measurement, it can also analyze with a precision instrument by sampling using a pump. The wind speed can also be measured by inserting various pen-type anemometers from the observation port. Furthermore, if the measurement results at a plurality of observation ports are compared with each other, it is possible to derive the pressure loss and the air cleaning ability (contaminant removal efficiency) between the observation ports.

  The invention according to claim 3 is the duct type hollow structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the contaminant removing member uses at least one of a photocatalyst and an adsorbent as an air cleaning means. It is. Alternatively, a photocatalyst may be fixed to the adsorbent by coating or baking.

  Here, the pollutant removing member may be a part or the whole of which the air cleaning means is fixed by coating or baking, or the air cleaning means may be applied or baked to a part or whole of the substrate. A panel-like or board-like air cleaning member produced by being fixed by the above may be detachably mounted. The air cleaning member may be composed of an adsorbent, and the structure may be corrugated or pleated. As a method of detachably mounting the air cleaning member, for example, a mounting method in which a locking groove or a locking piece is formed at the mounting position of the air cleaning member or a dedicated clip is used. However, any method may be adopted.

  The photocatalyst constituting the air cleaning means includes titanium oxide, metal oxide semiconductor (zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, cadmium oxide, indium oxide, silver oxide, manganese oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, tin oxide, vanadium oxide, oxidation Niobium, zirconium oxide, etc.), metal sulfide semiconductors (cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, indium sulfide, lead sulfide, copper sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, tungsten sulfide, antimony sulfide, bismuth sulfide, etc.), strontium titanate, cadmium selenide, tantalum Potassium acid, a mixture thereof, and the like are applicable. Further, a mixed material of a photocatalyst and cement, a catalyst in which hydroxyapatite or fluorinated apatite is bonded to the photocatalyst, and the like are also applicable.

  As the adsorbent, inorganic adsorbents such as zeolite, silica gel, ion exchange material, alumina adsorbent, metal complex adsorbent, and ceramics, and organic adsorbents such as activated carbon, ion exchange material, and chelate resin are applicable. Is possible. The adsorbent includes those coated or impregnated with a gas reaction component for removing a specific gas (for example, a potassium hydroxide solution for removing carbon dioxide).

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the duct type hollow structure according to any one of the first to third aspects, the ceiling of the hollow structure main body is constituted by a light transmissive member. The pollutant removing member can receive sunlight or light from a light source through the member.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the duct type hollow structure according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the contaminant removing member includes a bottom plate portion that can be placed on the upper surface of the bottom portion of the hollow structure main body. And one or a plurality of upright plate portions erected on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion, and the cross-section has a U shape, an inverted T shape, an L shape, or a shape obtained by combining a plurality of them in parallel. It is characterized by this.

Here, the height and width dimensions of each contaminant removing member are not particularly limited as long as they are equal to or less than the height and width dimensions of the air flow path in the hollow structure body. However, when using a photocatalyst as an air cleaning means, it is necessary to set the installation interval of each contaminant removing member so as not to hinder the light irradiation to the photocatalyst.
When a plurality of contaminant removing members are arranged in the hollow structure body, they may be arranged in parallel in the width direction of the hollow structure body, or the length direction of the hollow structure body (air flow direction) ) May be arranged in series. It is also possible to arrange a combination of a plurality of pollutant removal members in parallel as a basic unit, and arrange the same combination of basic units in series, or arrange different combinations of basic units in series. is there. Furthermore, the pollutant removal member disposed in the hollow structure body may be unified with the same type of mold, or a plurality of types of molds may be used in combination. In addition, when arrange | positioning an air purifying means along the side wall part inner surface of a hollow structure main body, it arrange | positions so that an L-type contaminant removal member may be arrange | positioned in the state in which the standing board part adjoins the said side wall part inner surface. do it.

  An air cleaning method according to the present invention described in claim 6 is an air cleaning method for purifying the contaminated air by circulating the contaminated air through the duct type hollow structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5. A first step of installing the hollow structure main body along the path of the contaminated air, and a plurality of the contaminant removing members in the hollow structure main body substantially parallel to the flow direction of the contaminated air. And in the second step, the quantity, the arrangement and the air cleaning means of the contaminant removing member are determined based on the preset air cleaning capability and pressure loss, and according to the determination. A plurality of the contaminant removing members are arranged in series and / or in parallel.

Increasing the number of pollutant removal members increases pressure loss resulting in lower wind speed and increased contact time between the air and the air cleaning means, and increases the contact area between the air and the air cleaning means. On the other hand, when the quantity of the contaminant removing member is reduced, the pressure loss is reduced, resulting in an increase in the wind speed and a reduction in the contact time between the air and the air cleaning means, and the contact area between the air and the air cleaning means is reduced. That is, the pressure loss and the air cleaning ability can be changed by increasing or decreasing the number of contaminant removal members.
Further, if the arrangement of the pollutant removing member is changed without changing the quantity of the pollutant removing member, the pressure loss fluctuates, so that the air cleaning ability changes. Further, the air cleaning ability also changes by changing the type and density of the air cleaning means. Therefore, it is possible to adjust the pressure loss and the air cleaning capability by changing the quantity of the contaminant removing member, the arrangement and the setting of the air cleaning means. For this reason, if the quantity, arrangement, and air cleaning means of the pollutant removal member are selected according to the conditions such as the location of application, the type / concentration of the pollutant, and the wind speed, requirements such as air cleaning capacity and pressure loss It is possible to deal with individual cases with different performance.

  The invention according to claim 7 is the air cleaning method according to claim 6, wherein any one of the type / concentration of the pollutant in the air and the wind speed is measured, and the pollutant removal is performed based on the measurement result. The present invention is characterized in that the air cleaning capacity and pressure loss are adjusted by changing any of the number of members, the arrangement, and the setting of the air cleaning means.

  The invention according to claim 8 is the air cleaning method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein either the type / concentration of the pollutant in the air or the wind speed is measured, and based on the measurement result, Estimating the time to clean or replace the pollutant removing member, and when the time has come, take out the pollutant removing member from the opening / closing part and clean or replace the pollutant removing member To do.

  According to the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 5, since the contaminant removing member is provided inside the hollow structure body, the air flowing into the hollow structure body is inside the hollow structure body. In the process of passing through, various pollutants contained in the air can be removed by the pollutant removing member, and the air can be purified. Therefore, the duct-type hollow structure according to the present invention is, for example, an air supply port to the outside of the building, an exhaust port to the outside of the contaminated air generated from the inside of the building, an air supply port to the underground space from the ground・ Installed in an outlet from the underground space to the ground, a place where pollutants gather or pass from a wide space to a narrow space in an outdoor environment, a place where pollutants diffuse or pass from a narrow space to a wide space, etc. Accordingly, various pollutants contained in the air passing through the air supply / exhaust port and the air flow path can be removed, and clean air can be supplied to the inside or outside of the building or underground space.

  Further, according to the invention of any one of claims 1 to 5, since the pollutant removing member is arranged substantially in parallel with the air flow direction, an increase in pressure loss can be suppressed, and natural The contaminated air can be caused to flow into the duct type hollow structure only by the wind flow or the existing air supply / exhaust force. Therefore, it is possible to purify contaminated air by simply attaching the duct type hollow structure according to the present invention to the air supply / exhaust port of the building regardless of whether it is newly installed or existing, and the void portion is provided inside. If it is installed at the top of the building, it is possible to remove contaminants contained in the air that has risen along the void. It can also be installed in places where it was difficult to apply in the past, such as vents from underground spaces and tunnel vents.

  Furthermore, according to the invention of any one of claims 1 to 5, the contaminant removing member can be detachably disposed inside the hollow structure body, and the contaminant removing member can be taken in and out of the opening / closing part. Therefore, even after the duct-type hollow structure is installed, the quantity and arrangement of the contaminant removing members can be easily changed. Therefore, it is possible to easily adjust settings such as pressure loss and air cleaning capacity by changing the quantity and arrangement of pollutant removal members according to changes in conditions such as the type and concentration of pollutants or wind speed. Can do.

In addition, according to the invention described in any one of claims 1 to 5, since the pollutant removing member can be taken out, only the pollutant removing member can be cleaned or replaced, and the cost for these treatments And labor can be greatly reduced.
That is, in the conventional method of removing outdoor pollutants by applying a photocatalyst to structures such as building outer walls and guardrails, as described above, nitric acid and sulfuric acid adhering to the surface of the photocatalyst diffuse into the soil and contaminate groundwater. In order to prevent this, there is a problem in that a large amount of contaminated water is required to collect the contaminated water to prevent it. Also, in the air cleaning device described in Patent Document 10 described above, when cleaning the air cleaning means such as a photocatalyst or an adsorbent, the entire device must be cleaned, which is inefficient and generates a large amount of waste water. There was a problem of doing.
On the other hand, according to the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 5, since the photocatalyst can be easily collected in one place, it can be washed with a minimum amount of water, and the recovery and treatment of waste water can also be performed. Easy. Furthermore, in the case of a method of applying a photocatalyst to a structure such as a building outer wall or a guardrail, a great deal of labor is required to investigate and replace the photocatalyst degradation. Can be easily implemented.

  In general, the flow of air inside the duct type hollow structure can be calculated, but it is almost impossible to calculate the overall evaluation of the air cleaning effect including the photocatalytic reaction and physical adsorption. On the other hand, according to the invention described in claim 2, since the hollow structure body is provided with an observation port for attaching a measuring device for measuring the type / concentration of contaminants, wind speed, etc. It is possible to easily measure the type and concentration of pollutants contained in the air inside the structure body and the wind speed. Also, by comparing the measurement results of the pollutant concentration at each observation port, the concentration difference of pollutants between the observation ports, that is, the pollutant removal rate can be obtained. As a result, it is possible to accurately grasp the replacement timing of the air cleaning means. Note that more reliable data can be obtained if simulated contaminated air having a known component and concentration is allowed to flow from the air inlet of the hollow structure body.

  Further, as in the invention described in claim 3, by using at least one of the photocatalyst and the adsorbent as the air cleaning means, a plurality of types of contaminants can be effectively removed with a simple apparatus configuration. Further, by using a photocatalyst and an adsorbent in combination, it is possible to remove contaminants that are difficult to remove with a photocatalyst, and remove contaminants under conditions where light is not irradiated, such as at night. For example, carbon dioxide that cannot be removed by a photocatalyst can be captured by using an adsorbent such as dibarium titanate or lithium silicate, or by applying or impregnating a potassium hydroxide solution to the adsorbent. Furthermore, if the photocatalyst-coated adsorbent is used as an air cleaning means, the contact time with the photocatalyst can be obtained by capturing the contaminant with the adsorbent and diffusing it on the surface of the photocatalyst even for a pollutant that requires time for decomposition by the photocatalyst. Can be promoted to promote the degradation of pollutants. Furthermore, when a photocatalyst is used as the air cleaning means, a sterilizing effect and an antifungal effect can be expected.

  Moreover, like the invention of Claim 4, the ceiling part of a hollow structure main body is comprised with the light transmissive member, and a contaminant removal member can receive sunlight via this light transmissive member. (E.g., placing a pollutant removal member at the sunlight irradiation position, or guiding sunlight to the pollutant removal member using a reflector) to clean the polluted air using only the photocatalyst and natural energy Is possible. Furthermore, by introducing sunlight into the hollow structure body using an optical fiber or by installing ultraviolet irradiation means inside the hollow structure body, polluted air can be removed even in places where sunlight does not reach. Purification can be achieved and the effect of removing contaminated air can be continued even at night.

  Further, as the pollutant removing member, as in the invention described in claim 5, the cross section is a U-shaped, inverted T-shaped, L-shaped, or a mold having a shape in which any one of them is combined in parallel (for example, Therefore, the quantity, interval, and combination of the contaminant removing members can be freely changed. In addition, it is possible to easily change or replace the combination of the air cleaning means fixed to the contaminant removing member. Furthermore, since the pollutant removing members are each composed of the bottom plate portion and one or a plurality of upright plate portions erected on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion, it is possible to efficiently receive light incident from above. it can. Moreover, what remove | eliminated the air-cleaning means from the said contaminant removal member (support member) can also be used in order to change the flow of internal airflow, or to increase resistance, for example. Further, if the air cleaning means is directly fixed to the inner surface of the side wall of the hollow structure body, it becomes difficult to replace or clean the air cleaning means. However, an L-type contaminant removing member is installed along the inner surface of the side wall. By doing so, the air cleaning means can be arranged at substantially the same position, and the air cleaning means can be easily replaced and cleaned.

  In addition, when particulate matter is mixed in the contaminated air like outside air, a contaminant removal member with an adsorbent capable of adsorbing the particulate matter is placed on the air inflow side of the duct type hollow structure However, by disposing a pollutant removing member attached with a photocatalyst or a photocatalyst-coated adsorbent on the downstream side of the pollutant removing member, the removal of particulate matter and the cleaning of polluted air are continuously separated. It can be carried out. Thereby, the function fall of a photocatalyst by particulate matter adhering to the photocatalyst surface can be prevented. In addition, when the adsorption of particulate matter reaches saturation, the adsorbent can be replaced separately and the photocatalyst can be cleaned or replaced separately, so that each function can be maximized and the life can be extended. Can do.

  According to the invention according to any one of claims 6 to 8, the quantity and arrangement (installation interval, etc.) of the pollutant removal member according to the air volume at the installation position of the duct type hollow structure and the kind and concentration of the pollutant. The air cleaning means to be fixed to each contaminant removing member can be freely set. Similarly, if there is a natural or artificial change in the air volume, the type and concentration of pollutants after installation of the duct type hollow structure, the quantity and arrangement of pollutant removal members, the type of air cleaning means, etc. Can be freely changed at the installation location.

  For example, when the air volume (linear velocity) increases, the contact time with the air cleaning means decreases, so that the contaminant removal efficiency decreases. At that time, if the number of pollutant removing members is increased and the interval is narrowed, the effect of suppressing the increase of the linear velocity and the increase of the contact area with the air cleaning means is given. For this reason, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the removal efficiency of contaminants. On the other hand, when the air volume decreases, the contact time with the air cleaning means increases, so that the contaminant removal efficiency increases. Here, if the removal efficiency of pollutants is sufficient before the air volume reduction, the air cleaning means is reduced, the interval between the pollutant removing members is increased, and the linear velocity and the contact area of the air cleaning means are adjusted. By doing so, cost reduction can be achieved.

  According to the invention described in claim 7, the type, concentration, and wind speed of the pollutants in the air are measured, and the quantity, arrangement, and air cleaning means of the pollutants removing member are determined based on the measurement results. The pressure loss and air cleaning capability can always be maintained in the desired state, and various pollutants contained in the contaminated air can be effectively and reliably removed to clean the air. Can be achieved.

  According to the invention described in claim 8, the type and concentration of the pollutant in the air and the wind speed are measured, and based on the measurement result, the timing for cleaning or replacing the pollutant removing member is estimated, When the time has come, the pollutant removing member is removed from the opening / closing part of the hollow structure body and the pollutant removing member is cleaned or replaced. Therefore, the pollutant removing member is cleaned or replaced at an appropriate time. The cost and labor required for these processes can be greatly reduced.

1 and 2 are schematic views showing an embodiment of a duct type hollow structure according to the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1A, the duct-type hollow structure 1 has a hollow structure main body 2 and a hollow structure main body 2 that is detachably attached to the inside of the hollow structure main body 2 substantially in parallel with the air flow direction. It is roughly constituted by the pollutant removing member 3 arranged.

  As shown in FIG. 1 (b), the hollow structure main body 2 is a rectangular duct, and has a light-transmitting member 4 constituting the ceiling portion thereof and a substantially U-shaped cross section constituting the bottom portion and both side wall portions. It is comprised by the path | route structural member 5. FIG. The light transmissive member 4 is detachably attached in a state of closing the upper opening of the flow path constituting member 5, and can open and close the upper opening (opening / closing portion). The light transmissive member 4 is made of, for example, borosilicate glass or the like, and can transmit sunlight or light (ultraviolet rays) of a light source. In addition, a plurality of (for example, three) observation ports 6a, 6b, 6c are formed in the light transmissive member 4 along the air flow direction. As shown in FIG. 2, a polluted air suction tube 11a is inserted into each observation port 6a, 6b, 6c, and the concentration and type of pollutants in the air sucked by the polluted air suction tube 11a are different from the polluted air. Measurement is performed by the measuring device 11. Further, a detector 12a of the anemometer 12 is inserted into each observation port 6a, 6b, 6c, and the wind speed inside the hollow structure body 2 is measured by the anemometer 12.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, the pollutant removal member 3 includes an air cleaning member 7 for removing pollutants contained in the air and a support member 8 that supports the air cleaning member 7. Yes. The air cleaning member 7 is obtained by forming an air cleaning means such as an adsorbent into a plate shape, or by applying or baking the air cleaning means on the whole or a part of the plate-like base material. Here, as the air cleaning member 7, a first air cleaning member 7a formed by applying titanium oxide as a photocatalyst to ceramics and a second air cleaning member 7b made of diatomaceous earth tile as an adsorbent are used. .

  The support member 8 includes a bottom plate portion 9 that can be placed on the upper surface of the bottom portion of the hollow structure body 2, and one or more upright plate portions 10 that are erected on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 9. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1C, the support member 8 has a L-shaped first support member 8a, an inverted T-type second support member 8b, a U-shaped third support member 8c, A fourth support member 8d having a shape in which two U shapes are arranged is used. And the air purifying member 7 is attached to the upper surface of the baseplate part 9 of these support members 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d, and the both surfaces or single side | surface of the standing board part 10 respectively so that attachment or detachment is possible. As a method for attaching the air cleaning member 7, for example, a plurality of hooks are provided on the support member 8, and the air cleaning member 7 is locked with the hooks, or the air cleaning member 7 is supported by using a clip or the like. However, any method may be used as long as the air cleaning member 7 can be detachably attached. Further, when the air cleaning member 7 is attached to the bottom plate portion 9 of the support member 8, the air cleaning member 7 may be simply placed on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion 9 in the state where it is laid down.

  As an arrangement method of each support member 8, as shown in FIG.1 (c), the same type support member 8 is arrange | positioned in series along the distribution | circulation direction (length direction of the hollow structure main body 2) of air. There are a method and a method in which different types of support members 8 are arranged in series.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 3, it is also possible to arrange a plurality of support members 8 in parallel. In the example of FIG. 3A, the second support member 8b is disposed in the center of the bottom surface of the hollow structure main body 2 substantially in parallel with the air flow direction, and both sides thereof (in the width direction of the hollow structure main body 2). On both sides, the first support members 8a are arranged along the side walls of the hollow structure body 2 and substantially parallel to the air flow direction. And the upper surface of the bottom plate part 9 of each support member 8a, 8b, both surfaces of the upright plate part 10 of the second support member 8b, and one side of the upright plate part 10 of the first support member 8a (in the hollow structure body 2) The air cleaning member 7 (the first air cleaning member 7a or the second air cleaning member 7b) is detachably attached to the surface in contact with the air. In the example of FIG. 3A, the height of the upright plate portion 10 of the first support member 8a is slightly lower than the height of the side wall portion of the hollow structure body 2, and the upright plate portion of the second support member 8b. The height of 10 is set lower than the height of the upright plate portion 10 of the first support member 8a.

  Similarly, in the example of FIG. 3 (b), the third support member 8c is disposed at the center of the bottom surface of the hollow structure body 2 substantially in parallel with the air flow direction, and the hollow structure body 2 is disposed on both sides thereof. The first support members 8a are respectively disposed along the side wall portions and substantially parallel to the air flow direction, and the air purifying members 7 are detachably attached to the surfaces 9 and 10 of the support members 8a and 8c, respectively. It is attached. In the example of FIG. 3C, the fourth support member 8d is disposed at the center of the bottom surface of the hollow structure main body 2 substantially in parallel with the air flow direction. A first support member 8a is disposed along the side wall portion and substantially parallel to the air flow direction, and the air cleaning member 7 is attached to each of the surfaces 9 and 10 of the support members 8a and 8d in a detachable manner. It has been.

FIG. 4 is a plan sectional view showing various arrangement examples of the contaminant removing member 3.
First, in the example of FIG. 4A, two sets of support members 8a and 8c similar to those of FIG. 3B described above are arranged in series in the air flow direction. An air cleaning member 7c using a highly decomposable photocatalyst as an air cleaning means is detachably attached to each support member 8a, 8c on the air inflow side of the hollow structure body 2, and the hollow structure body An air cleaning member 7d using a photocatalyst imparted with an adsorption effect as an air cleaning means is attached to each of the support members 8a and 8c on the air discharge side 2 in a detachable state. In this case, when the contaminated air flowing into the hollow structure body 2 first passes through the surface of the air cleaning member 7c, the contaminant is decomposed by the air cleaning member 7c, so that the concentration of the contaminant is greatly increased. Then, when passing through the surface of the air cleaning member 7d, the low-concentration pollutant that could not be decomposed by the air cleaning member 7c is adsorbed and decomposed by the air cleaning member 7d. The concentration is further reduced. Therefore, according to the arrangement configuration of such an air cleaning member, it is possible to efficiently remove contaminants.

  In the example of FIG. 4B, the support members 8a and 8c are arranged in the same manner as in FIG. The support member 8a, 8c on the air inflow side of the hollow structure body 2 is attached with an air cleaning member 7e using an adsorbent that adsorbs suspended particulate matter as air cleaning means. The air cleaning member 7d described above is attached to each of the support members 8a and 8c on the air discharge side. Such an arrangement of the air cleaning member is effective when cleaning contaminated air containing suspended particulate matter, such as outside air, and the contaminated air flowing into the hollow structure body 2 is When passing through the surface of the air cleaning member 7e, the suspended particulate matter is adsorbed and removed by the air cleaning member 7e, and when passing through the surface of the air cleaning member 7d, other contaminants are adsorbed by the air cleaning member 7d.・ It will be disassembled.

  In the example of FIG. 4C, the combination of the support members is different between the air inflow side and the air discharge side of the hollow structure main body 2. That is, the same combination of support members 8a and 8b as in FIG. 3A is arranged on the air inflow side of the hollow structure body 2, and the air discharge side of the hollow structure body 2 is shown in FIG. A combination of support members 8a and 8c similar to those shown in FIG. An air cleaning member 7d is attached to each of the support members 8a, 8b, and 8c. In this case, air that has passed without contacting each air cleaning member 7d on the air inflow side (air that has passed near the center of the upright plate portion 10 of the first support member 8a and the upright plate portion 10 of the second support member 8b). Is divided into two by the upright plate portion 10 of the third support member 8c on the air discharge side, and flows along the surface of the air cleaning member 7d attached to the third support member 8c. Therefore, according to such an arrangement configuration of the air cleaning member, it is possible to efficiently remove contaminants while keeping the pressure loss low.

Next, an embodiment of an air cleaning method using the duct type hollow structure 1 having the above configuration will be described.
First, the hollow structure main body 2 is installed along the path of contaminated air (first step). As shown in FIG. 5, the installation location of the hollow structure main body 2 is an exhaust port of a building (for example, a toilet, a kitchen, a non-smoking space in a general building, an animal or aquarium breeding facility, an appreciation facility, a factory, etc. Air outlets) and outside air intakes of buildings. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, you may make it attach to the exhaust port of a building top part, an underground parking lot, underground space, and the exhaust port of the air in a tunnel. When the installation location of the hollow structure main body 2 is, for example, an exhaust port equipped with rain protection as shown in FIG. 7, the reflecting mirror 13 is attached to the hollow structure main body 2 or the like so that the sunlight is reflected by the reflecting mirror 13. It reflects so that it may inject into the inside of the hollow structure main body 2. In order to secure a light source at night, a black light may be attached to the inside of the hollow structure body 2.

  When the installation of the hollow structure main body 2 is completed in this way, a plurality of contaminant removing members 3 are arranged inside the installed hollow structure main body 2 substantially in parallel with the flowing direction of the contaminated air (second step). At that time, based on the required air cleaning capability and allowable pressure loss, the arrangement configuration of the pollutant removal member 3 (the number, type and arrangement of the support member 8, the type and arrangement of the air cleaning member 7, etc.) According to the determination, the pollutant removing member 3 is arranged as described above.

  Thereafter, when the arrangement of the contaminant removing member 3 is completed, the light transmissive member 4 is attached, the ceiling portion of the hollow structure body 2 is closed, and the observation ports 6a, 6b, 6c are contaminated as shown in FIG. The air suction tube 11a and the detector 12a of the anemometer 12 are attached. Thereby, the installation of the duct-type hollow structure 1 is completed, and in this state, if polluted air is poured into the hollow structure main body 2, various pollutants contained in the contaminated air are removed from the air cleaning member 7. Therefore, the air can be purified.

  When the duct type hollow structure 1 is temporarily operated and an error between the setting and the on-site evaluation is detected, the quantity, arrangement, and configuration of the pollutant removal member 3 are changed and fine adjustment is performed. Thereafter, this operation is started, and air is collected from the observation ports 6a, 6b, 6c at all times or regularly, and the concentration and type of contaminants contained in the air are monitored by the contaminated air measuring device 11. In addition, the wind speed is monitored by the anemometer 12.

  As a result of monitoring the concentration of the contaminant, if it is detected that the contaminant removal effect of any of the contaminant removal members 3 is significantly reduced, the contaminant removal member 3 is attached to the hollow structure body 2. And is replaced with a new contaminant removing member 3 or a cleaned contaminant removing member 3. For example, when the pollutant removing member 3 is arranged as shown in FIG. 4A, there is no change in the concentration difference of pollutants between the observation port 6b and the observation port 6c, but the observation port 6a and the observation port are not changed. When the difference in the concentration of contaminants between 6b is remarkably reduced, only the contaminant removal member 3 on the air inflow side of the hollow structure body 2 is taken out from the hollow structure body 2, and a new contaminant removal member 3 or washed What is necessary is just to replace | exchange with the pollutant removal member 3.

  The contaminant removing member 3 taken out from the hollow structure main body 2 is collected at one place, washed, and used again at the next replacement. In the process of repeating this cycle, if the deterioration becomes severe, appropriate disposal is performed. When the air cleaning member 7 is detachable as in the present embodiment, only the air cleaning member 7 may be removed and replaced / washed.

Further, when an increase in the wind speed is detected as a result of monitoring by the anemometer 12 (or when the measured value of the wind speed is higher than the set value), an adjustment is performed to increase the quantity of the contaminant removing member 3.
For example, when the wind speed inside the hollow structure main body 2 increases due to seasonal variation or artificial adjustment, the contact time of the contaminated air with the air cleaning means decreases, and therefore the contaminant removal efficiency decreases. Therefore, in such a case, for example, as shown in FIG. 8A, the number of installed pollutant removing members 3 is increased, and the arrangement of the pollutant removing members 3 is changed to increase the pressure loss. Thus, the increase in the wind speed is suppressed, and at the same time, the contact area between the contaminated air and the air cleaning means is increased, and the decrease in the removal efficiency of the pollutants is suppressed by their action. After the arrangement configuration of the pollutant removing member 3 is changed, the wind speed and the contamination concentration are measured again to confirm the performance (pressure loss, air cleaning ability).

On the other hand, when a decrease in the wind speed is detected as a result of monitoring by the anemometer 12 (or when the measured value of the wind speed is lower than the set value), adjustment is performed to reduce the quantity of the contaminant removing member 3.
For example, when the wind speed inside the hollow structure main body 2 decreases due to seasonal variation or artificial adjustment, the contact time of the polluted air with the air cleaning means increases, so that the pollutant removal efficiency increases. Therefore, in such a case, for example, as shown in FIG. 8B, the number of installed pollutant removing members 3 is reduced and the arrangement of the pollutant removing members 3 is changed to reduce the pressure loss. Thus, the decrease in the wind speed is suppressed, and at the same time, the contact area between the contaminated air and the air cleaning means is decreased, and the increase in the removal efficiency of the pollutants is moderately suppressed by their action. After the arrangement of the pollutant removing member 3 is changed, the wind speed and the contamination concentration are measured again to confirm the performance.

In addition, when a decrease in the concentration of the pollutant is detected as a result of monitoring by the polluted air measuring device 11 (or when the measured concentration value is lower than the set value), an adjustment to reduce the quantity of the pollutant removing member 3 is made. Do.
For example, when the concentration of contaminants inside the hollow structure body 2 is reduced due to changes in the surrounding environment such as a decrease in traffic volume, the installation amount of the air cleaning means becomes excessive. Therefore, in such a case, for example, as shown in FIG. 8C, only a part of the air cleaning member 7 is removed while the support member 8 remains. Thereby, it is possible to adjust only the air cleaning ability without changing the pressure loss. In addition, when the preset conditions are satisfied, such as when the concentration of contamination is relatively low or when the required air cleaning capability is moderate, for example, as shown in FIG. It is also possible to remove it. However, in this case, since the pressure loss is reduced and the wind speed is increased, it is necessary to grasp in advance the accompanying effects. After the arrangement of the pollutant removing member 3 is changed, the wind speed and the contamination concentration are measured again to confirm the performance.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, various contaminants contained in the air that has flowed into the hollow structure main body 2 are efficiently removed by the contaminant removing member 3 to clean the air. Can be planned. In addition, since the pollutant removing member 3 is arranged substantially in parallel with the air flow direction, it is possible to suppress an increase in pressure loss, and the polluted air can be reduced only by a natural wind flow or existing air supply / exhaust force. Can flow into the duct type hollow structure 1. Therefore, it is possible to purify contaminated air by simply attaching the duct type hollow structure 1 according to the present invention as it is to an air supply / exhaust port of a building regardless of whether it is newly installed or existing.

  In addition, since the pollutant removing member 3 is detachably disposed in the hollow structure main body 2 so that the pollutant removing member 3 can be inserted and removed from the opening / closing portion, the duct type hollow structure 1 is installed. Even after, the quantity and arrangement of the contaminant removing member 3 and the setting of the air cleaning means can be easily changed. Therefore, by changing the quantity and arrangement of the pollutant removal member 3 and the setting of the air cleaning means in accordance with changes in the conditions such as the type and concentration of the pollutant or the wind speed, the pressure loss, the air purifying capacity, etc. Settings can be adjusted easily.

  In addition, since the quantity and arrangement of the pollutant removing member 3 and the setting of the air cleaning means are adjusted based on the measurement result of the type and concentration of the pollutant and the wind speed, the pressure loss and the air cleaning capability are always set to a desired value. It is possible to maintain the state, and it is possible to effectively and reliably remove various contaminants contained in the contaminated air, thereby purifying the air.

  Further, based on the measurement result of the type / concentration of the pollutant and the wind speed, the time for cleaning or replacing the pollutant removal member 3 is estimated, and when the time comes, the pollutant removal member 3 is removed from the hollow structure. Since the pollutant removing member 3 is cleaned or replaced after being taken out from the main body 2, the pollutant removing member 3 can be cleaned or replaced at an appropriate time, which greatly reduces the costs and labor involved in the processing. Can be reduced.

  In addition, in this embodiment, although the case where the duct type hollow structure 1 which has an air purifying effect was installed in the air supply port and the exhaust port was illustrated, this invention is not limited to this, For example, FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, it may be provided in the middle of the air supply line or the exhaust line. Also, the number of duct type hollow structures 1 installed in one line is not limited to one, and may be plural. When a plurality of duct-type hollow structures 1 are installed, as shown in FIG. 9, the pollutant removing members 3 may be arranged in all the hollow structure main bodies 2, or FIG. 10 (a) and As shown in FIG. 10B, the contaminant removing member 3 may be disposed in a part of the hollow structure main body 2.

  Moreover, when installing the duct type | mold hollow structure 1 in the exhaust line from an underground floor, it is also possible to interpose the hollow structure main body 2 in a location as shown in FIG. 11, for example. When the photocatalyst is used as an air cleaning means, for the place where sunlight reaches, the ceiling part of the hollow structure main body 2 is constituted by the light transmissive member 4 so that the pollutant removing member 3 is irradiated with sunlight. To do. On the other hand, in places where sunlight does not reach, the black light 15 is attached inside the hollow structure body 2 or the sunlight or light from the light source is guided to the inside of the hollow structure body 2 by an optical fiber. Adjustment is made so that the substance removing member 3 is irradiated with ultraviolet rays. In the case where an adsorbent (for example, an adsorbent that adsorbs suspended particulate matter) is used as the air cleaning means without using a photocatalyst, such a countermeasure is unnecessary.

  Moreover, when installing the duct type hollow structure 1 in the existing air supply port or exhaust port, for example, as shown in FIG. 12, a bifurcated hollow structure body 2 can be used. According to such a configuration, it is possible to reduce the length of the vertically projecting portion to the outside of the building while relatively suppressing an increase in pressure loss and a decrease in the contact area with the air cleaning means.

  In the present embodiment, the upper opening of the hollow structure body 2 is opened and closed by the light transmissive member (lid member) 4. However, as shown in FIGS. You may make it open and close the opening part of the hollow structure main body 2 with the door member 16 of a type | formula.

  Furthermore, in the present embodiment, as the air cleaning member 7, an air cleaning member 7a formed by applying titanium oxide as a photocatalyst to ceramics, an air cleaning member 7b made of diatomaceous earth tile as an adsorbent, and the like are exemplified. Other photocatalysts and adsorbents can also be used. For example, as shown in FIG. 13, it is also possible to use an air cleaning member (photocatalyst-coated adsorbent) 17 obtained by applying a photocatalyst 17b to the surface of an inorganic adsorbent 17a such as diatomaceous earth formed in a tile shape. . In the example of FIG. 13, after the air cleaning member 17 is disposed so as to cover the air contact surface of each support member 8, the fixed metal 18 is attached to the top of the contaminant removing member 3 to support the air cleaning member 17. It can be fixed to the member 8.

Moreover, in this embodiment, although the 1st-4th support members 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d were illustrated as the support member 8, the shape of the support member 8 is not limited to this, For example, a hollow structure It is also possible to change appropriately according to the shape of the main body 2 and the like. In the present embodiment, the support member 8 is placed on the bottom of the hollow structure body 2. However, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, the support member 8 is supported when the air flow direction is the vertical direction. It is good also as a structure which latches the member 8 to the bottom part of the hollow structure main body 2. FIG.
In the present embodiment, the contaminant removal member 3 is arranged substantially parallel to the air flow direction, and the quantity of the contaminant removal member 3 and the setting of the arrangement are changed to adjust the pressure loss and the like. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, it is possible to adjust the pressure loss or the like by tilting the contaminant removing member 3 with respect to the air flow direction.

It is a schematic diagram which shows one Embodiment of the duct type hollow structure which concerns on this invention, (a) is the whole structure, (b) is a hollow structure main body, (c) has shown the structural example of the supporting member, respectively. It is a schematic diagram which shows the state which attached the anemometer and the pollution air measuring apparatus to the duct type | mold hollow structure of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the example of arrangement | positioning structure of a contaminant removal member. It is a top sectional view which shows the example of arrangement | positioning structure of a contaminant removal member. It is a schematic diagram which shows the example of installation of the duct type | mold hollow structure of FIG. 1, (a) has shown the state before installation, (b) has shown the state after installation. It is a schematic diagram which shows the example of installation of the duct type | mold hollow structure of FIG. 1, (a) has shown the state before installation, (b) has shown the state after installation. It is a schematic diagram which shows the example of installation of the duct type | mold hollow structure of FIG. 1, (a) has shown the state before installation, (b) has shown the state after installation. It is a plane sectional view which shows the example of adjustment of the quantity and arrangement | positioning of a contaminant removal member. FIGS. 2A and 2B show an installation example of the duct type hollow structure of FIG. 1, wherein FIG. It is a top view which shows the modification of Fig.9 (a). It is a schematic diagram which shows the example of installation of the duct type | mold hollow structure of FIG. The example of installation of the duct type hollow structure of Drawing 1 is shown, (a) is a top view, (b) is a sectional view which met a BB line of (a), and (c) is a front view. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of an air purifying member.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Duct type hollow structure 2 Hollow structure main body 3 Contaminant removal member 4 Light transmissive member 6a, 6b, 6c Observation port 7 Air cleaning member 8 Support member 9 Bottom plate part 10 Standing plate part

Claims (8)

A duct type hollow structure having an air cleaning effect,
A hollow structure body having an air flow path, and a contaminant removing member disposed inside the hollow structure body in a detachable state substantially parallel to the air flow direction,
The duct type hollow structure, wherein the hollow structure body has an opening / closing part, and the contaminant removing member can be taken in and out from the opening / closing part.   2. The duct-type hollow structure according to claim 1, wherein the hollow structure main body has an observation port for attaching a measuring device for measuring any of the type / concentration of the pollutants in the air and the wind speed. object.   The duct type hollow structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the contaminant removing member uses at least one of a photocatalyst, an adsorbent, and an adsorbent carrying the photocatalyst as an air cleaning means.   The hollow structure body has a ceiling portion made of a light transmissive member, and the contaminant removing member can receive sunlight or light from a light source through the light transmissive member. The duct type hollow structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3.   The contaminant removing member includes a bottom plate portion that can be placed on the upper surface of the bottom portion of the hollow structure body, and one or a plurality of upright plate portions that are erected on the upper surface of the bottom plate portion, with a U-shaped cross section, The duct type hollow structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the duct type hollow structure has a reverse T shape, an L shape, or a shape obtained by combining a plurality of them in parallel. An air cleaning method for purifying contaminated air by circulating contaminated air through the duct type hollow structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
A first step of installing the hollow structure body along the path of the contaminated air;
A second step of disposing a plurality of the contaminant removing members substantially parallel to the direction of flow of the contaminated air inside the hollow structure main body,
In the second step, the quantity, arrangement and air cleaning means of the pollutant removing member are determined based on a preset air cleaning capability and pressure loss, and a plurality of the pollutant removing members are connected in series according to the determination. And / or an air cleaning method characterized by being arranged in parallel.   By measuring any of the types / concentrations and wind speeds of the pollutants in the air, and making changes to any of the quantity, arrangement and setting of the air cleaning means based on the measurement results The air cleaning method according to claim 6, wherein the air cleaning capacity and the pressure loss are adjusted.   Measure the type, concentration, and wind speed of the pollutants in the air, and estimate the timing for cleaning or replacing the pollutant removal member based on the measurement results. The air cleaning method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the substance removing member is taken out from the opening / closing part and the contaminant removing member is cleaned or replaced.

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