JP2007209492A - Evaluation system for vascular endothelial function - Google Patents

Evaluation system for vascular endothelial function Download PDF

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JP2007209492A
JP2007209492A JP2006031766A JP2006031766A JP2007209492A JP 2007209492 A JP2007209492 A JP 2007209492A JP 2006031766 A JP2006031766 A JP 2006031766A JP 2006031766 A JP2006031766 A JP 2006031766A JP 2007209492 A JP2007209492 A JP 2007209492A
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pressure
cuff
cuff pressure
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endothelial function
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JP4747312B2 (en
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Hidehiko Komine
秀彦 小峰
Yoshiyuki Asai
義之 淺井
Jun Sugawara
順 菅原
Takashi Yokoi
孝志 横井
Yukiyoshi Saito
之良 斎藤
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SHISEI DEETAMU KK
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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SHISEI DEETAMU KK
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an evaluation system for vascular endothelial function, allowing anyone to simply use at home and measure the blood pressure as well using the same device, furthermore small-sized and inexpensive. <P>SOLUTION: This vascular evaluation system for endothelial function includes: a cuff 2 applied to the arm 1 of a subject; a pressurized air supply part 3 for supplying pressurized air to the cuff 2; a pressure regulator valve 4 for regulating the pressure of the cuff; a pressure sensor 5 for detecting the pressure of the cuff; a cuff pressure control part 6 for controlling the pressure of the cuff; a data processing part 7 for processing the pulse wave data detected by the pressure sensor; and a display part 11 for displaying the processing result of the data processing part 7, wherein in the cuff pressure control part 6, after the cuff pressure is kept at a predetermined cuff pressure P1 higher than the highest blood pressure, the pressure is quickly reduced and kept at a predetermined cuff pressure P2 higher than the lowest blood pressure and lower than the average blood pressure, and in the data processing part 7, when the cuff pressure P2 is kept, the ratio of the cuff pressure peak value M1 of the first pulse wave which is first exhibited to the highest cuff pressure peak value (Mmax) after that is calculated to evaluate the vascular endothelial function. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、血管内皮細胞の機能を評価する血管内皮機能評価システムに関し、特に人体に無侵襲で、家庭内においても簡易に血液内皮細胞の機能を評価することができ、血圧も測定できるようにした簡易型血管内皮機能評価システムに関する。   The present invention relates to a vascular endothelial function evaluation system that evaluates the function of vascular endothelial cells, and in particular, it is non-invasive to the human body, can easily evaluate blood endothelial cell functions at home, and can also measure blood pressure. The present invention relates to a simplified vascular endothelial function evaluation system.

長寿社会化に伴い、老人の死亡、病気の原因として動脈硬化に伴うものが多く、したがって各人が動脈硬化の状態を容易に知ることができるようにすることが望まれている。動脈硬化の検査に際しては、従来より超音波画像検査、核磁気共鳴検査、CT検査、アイソトープを注射して観察する血流シンチグラム検査、カテーテルを使って直接造影剤で動脈を撮影する血管造影検査等が行われている。   Along with the longevity of society, there are many causes of mortality and illness of elderly people associated with arteriosclerosis. Therefore, it is desired that each person can easily know the state of arteriosclerosis. At the time of arteriosclerosis examination, ultrasonic imaging examination, nuclear magnetic resonance examination, CT examination, blood flow scintigram examination observed by injecting an isotope, angiography examination imaging the artery directly with a contrast medium using a catheter Etc. are done.

また、上記のような検査の他、広く血圧検査に用いられているようなカフ(腕帯)を用いて血流を数分間止めてから解放した後に生じる血管拡張の状態や、血管拡張機能のあるアセチルコリンを投与した後の血管拡張の状態を超音波画像診断装置を用いて検査し、評価することも行われている。更に、生体の一部に装着したカフを加圧して止血した後、平均血圧値以下まで減圧し、この時得られる脈波の反射波成分としてのAI(Augmentation Index)を経時的に算出することで評価する方法も提案されている(特許文献1)。
特開2004−41244号公報
In addition to the above examinations, the state of vasodilation that occurs after the blood flow is stopped for several minutes using a cuff (arm band) that is widely used for blood pressure examinations and released, The state of vasodilation after administration of certain acetylcholine is examined and evaluated using an ultrasonic diagnostic imaging apparatus. Furthermore, after pressurizing the cuff attached to a part of the living body to stop bleeding, the pressure is reduced to below the average blood pressure value, and AI (Augmentation Index) as a reflected wave component of the pulse wave obtained at this time is calculated over time. A method for evaluating the above is also proposed (Patent Document 1).
JP 2004-41244 A

従来、血管内皮機能検査で行われてきた薬物投与や超音波画像診断装置を用いた検査は侵襲的であリ、患者に負担が大きい。或いは専門的技術や知識を要するという問題があり、更には大型で高価な機器を必要とする等の問題もあった。また、前記特許文献1に開示された脈波の反射波成分AIを用いる技術は未だ確立された技術とはいえないため、この技術を一般家庭で広く用いることには問題がある。   Conventionally, drug administration and examination using an ultrasonic diagnostic imaging apparatus, which have been performed in a vascular endothelial function test, are invasive and have a heavy burden on the patient. Or, there is a problem of requiring specialized technology and knowledge, and further, there is a problem of requiring a large and expensive device. Moreover, since the technique using the reflected wave component AI of the pulse wave disclosed in Patent Document 1 is not yet established, there is a problem in widely using this technique in general households.

したがって本発明は、家庭で誰もが簡単に用いることができ、且つ同じ装置により血圧も測定可能であり、しかも小型で安価な血管内皮機能評価システムを提供することを主たる目的とする。   Therefore, the main object of the present invention is to provide a vascular endothelial function evaluation system that can be easily used by anyone at home and can measure blood pressure with the same device, and is small and inexpensive.

本発明に係る血管内皮機能評価システムは、上記課題を解決するため、被験者の腕に装着するカフと、カフに加圧空気を供給する加圧空気供給部と、カフの圧力を検出する圧力センサーと、カフの圧力の制御を行うカフ圧制御部と、圧力センサーで検出した脈波データを処理するデータ処理部と、データ処理部で処理した結果を表示する表示部とを備え、前記カフ圧制御部では、カフ圧を最高血圧よりも高い所定のカフ圧に維持した後、急速減圧し、最高血圧を下回る所定の圧力でカフ圧に維持し、前記データ処理部では、前記最高血圧を下回る所定のカフ圧に維持しているとき、最初に現れる第1脈波のカフ圧ピーク値と、その後の最高カフ圧ピーク値との比の値により血管内皮機能の評価を行うことを特徴とする。   In order to solve the above problems, a vascular endothelial function evaluation system according to the present invention includes a cuff attached to the arm of a subject, a pressurized air supply unit that supplies pressurized air to the cuff, and a pressure sensor that detects the pressure of the cuff. A cuff pressure control unit that controls cuff pressure, a data processing unit that processes pulse wave data detected by a pressure sensor, and a display unit that displays a result processed by the data processing unit, The control unit maintains the cuff pressure at a predetermined cuff pressure higher than the maximum blood pressure, and then rapidly reduces the pressure and maintains the cuff pressure at a predetermined pressure lower than the maximum blood pressure. The data processing unit drops below the maximum blood pressure. When maintaining a predetermined cuff pressure, vascular endothelial function is evaluated based on a ratio value between the cuff pressure peak value of the first pulse wave that appears first and the subsequent maximum cuff pressure peak value. .

また、本発明に係る他の血管内皮機能評価システムは、被験者の腕に装着するカフと、カフに加圧空気を供給する加圧空気供給部と、カフの圧力を検出する圧力センサーと、カフの圧力の制御を行うカフ圧制御部と、圧力センサーで検出した脈波データを処理するデータ処理部と、データ処理部で処理した結果を表示する表示部とを備え、前記カフ圧制御部では、カフ圧を最高血圧よりも高い所定のカフ圧に維持した後、急速減圧し、最高血圧を下回る所定の圧力でカフ圧に維持し、前記データ処理部では、前記最高血圧よりも低い所定のカフ圧に維持しているとき、前記所定の圧力に減圧してからの経過時間とカフ圧ピーク値の変化率から内皮機能を評価することを特徴とする。   In addition, another vascular endothelial function evaluation system according to the present invention includes a cuff attached to a subject's arm, a pressurized air supply unit that supplies pressurized air to the cuff, a pressure sensor that detects the pressure of the cuff, and a cuff. A cuff pressure control unit for controlling the pressure of the pressure sensor, a data processing unit for processing the pulse wave data detected by the pressure sensor, and a display unit for displaying a result processed by the data processing unit. The cuff pressure is maintained at a predetermined cuff pressure higher than the systolic blood pressure, then rapidly depressurized, and maintained at the cuff pressure at a predetermined pressure lower than the systolic blood pressure. When the cuff pressure is maintained, the endothelial function is evaluated from the elapsed time after the pressure is reduced to the predetermined pressure and the change rate of the cuff pressure peak value.

また、本発明に係る他の血管内皮機能評価システムは、前記血管内皮機能評価システムにおいて、前記最高血圧を下回る所定の圧力は、最低血圧よりも高い所定のカフ圧であることを特徴とする。   Another vascular endothelial function evaluation system according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the vascular endothelial function evaluation system, the predetermined pressure lower than the systolic blood pressure is a predetermined cuff pressure higher than the diastolic blood pressure.

また、本発明に係る他の血管内皮機能評価システムは、前記血管内皮機能評価システムにおいて、前記カフ圧制御部では、血圧測定用のカフ圧制御を行い、前記データ処理部では、血圧も測定することを特徴とする。   In another vascular endothelial function evaluation system according to the present invention, in the vascular endothelial function evaluation system, the cuff pressure control unit performs cuff pressure control for blood pressure measurement, and the data processing unit also measures blood pressure. It is characterized by that.

また、本発明に係る他の血管内皮機能評価システムは、前記血管内皮機能評価システムにおいて、前記データ処理部には第1脈波カフ圧ピーク値を記憶する第1記憶部と、第2脈波以降の最高カフ圧ピーク値を記憶する第2記憶部と、比演算部とを備え、前記比演算部では、第1記憶部のデータと第2記憶部のデータを読み込み、比の演算を行うことを特徴とする。   Another vascular endothelial function evaluation system according to the present invention is the vascular endothelial function evaluation system, wherein the data processing unit stores a first pulse wave cuff pressure peak value and a second pulse wave. A second storage unit for storing the subsequent maximum cuff pressure peak value and a ratio calculation unit are provided, and the ratio calculation unit reads the data in the first storage unit and the data in the second storage unit and calculates the ratio. It is characterized by that.

また、本発明に係る他の血管内皮機能評価システムは、前記血管内皮機能評価システムにおいて、前記最高血圧よりも低い所定のカフ圧は、平均血圧よりも低い圧力であることを特徴とする。   Another vascular endothelial function evaluation system according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the vascular endothelial function evaluation system, the predetermined cuff pressure lower than the maximum blood pressure is lower than the average blood pressure.

また、本発明に係る他の血管内皮機能評価システムは、前記血管内皮機能評価システムにおいて、前記カフ圧を最高血圧よりも高い所定のカフ圧に維持する期間は、前記最高血圧より低い所定のカフ圧に減圧したとき、一酸化窒素により血管拡張が起こるのに充分な血流遮断時間であることを特徴とする。   In another vascular endothelial function evaluation system according to the present invention, in the vascular endothelial function evaluation system, a period during which the cuff pressure is maintained at a predetermined cuff pressure higher than the maximum blood pressure is a predetermined cuff lower than the maximum blood pressure. When the pressure is reduced to a pressure, the blood flow is blocked for sufficient time for vasodilation by nitric oxide.

本発明によると、血圧測定と同じように上腕部に巻いたカフを加圧・減圧するだけで家庭で簡単に血管内皮機能を評価でき、同じ装置を用いて血圧測定も行うことができる。したがって、動脈硬化や脳卒中などにつながる血管内皮機能を家庭で簡単に評価できるようになり、予防医学的観点からも効果的である。   According to the present invention, the vascular endothelial function can be easily evaluated at home simply by pressurizing and depressurizing the cuff wound around the upper arm as in the blood pressure measurement, and the blood pressure can be measured using the same apparatus. Therefore, it becomes possible to easily evaluate the vascular endothelial function that leads to arteriosclerosis and stroke at home, and it is also effective from a preventive medical viewpoint.

本発明は家庭で誰もが簡単に用いることができる、小型で安価な血管内皮機能評価システムを提供するという課題を、被験者の腕に装着するカフと、カフに加圧空気を供給する加圧空気供給部と、カフの圧力を検出する圧力センサーと、カフの圧力の制御を行うカフ圧制御部と、圧力センサーで検出した脈波データを処理するデータ処理部と、データ処理部で処理した結果を表示する表示部とを備え、前記カフ圧制御部では、カフ圧を最高血圧よりも高い所定のカフ圧に維持した後、急速減圧し、最高血圧よりも低い所定のカフ圧に維持し、前記データ処理部では、前記最低血圧よりも高い所定のカフ圧に維持しているとき、最初に現れる第1脈波のカフ圧ピーク値と、その後の最高カフ圧ピーク値との比を算出し、その比の値により血管内皮機能の評価を行うことを特徴とする血管内皮機能評価システムとすることにより実現した。   The present invention aims to provide a small and inexpensive vascular endothelial function evaluation system that can be easily used by anyone in the home. A cuff to be worn on the subject's arm, and a pressurized air that supplies pressurized air to the cuff. Processed by an air supply unit, a pressure sensor for detecting cuff pressure, a cuff pressure control unit for controlling cuff pressure, a data processing unit for processing pulse wave data detected by the pressure sensor, and a data processing unit The cuff pressure control unit maintains the cuff pressure at a predetermined cuff pressure higher than the maximum blood pressure and then rapidly reduces the cuff pressure to a predetermined cuff pressure lower than the maximum blood pressure. The data processing unit calculates a ratio between the cuff pressure peak value of the first pulse wave that appears first and the subsequent maximum cuff pressure peak value when maintaining a predetermined cuff pressure higher than the minimum blood pressure. Depending on the ratio value That the evaluation function is realized by the vascular endothelial function evaluation system according to claim.

本発明の実施例を図面に沿って説明する。図1(a)には本発明の実施の態様を機能ブロックと共に示した図であり、被験者の腕1にカフ2を装着し、加圧空気供給部3からの加圧空気を圧力調節弁4を介して供給し、供給する加圧空気の圧力を圧力センサー5で検出する。その際には図1(b)に示すように、最初最高血圧よりも高いカフ圧であるP1迄加圧されたとき、これを圧力センサー5で検出し、カフ圧制御部6は圧力調節弁4を作動してそれ以上の圧力上昇を停止する。図1(b)では、時間T1において最高血圧よりも高いカフ圧値であるP1に達し、その時点でこの圧力に保持するようにカフ圧力制御部6によって制御を行った例を示している。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1A is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention together with functional blocks. A cuff 2 is attached to a subject's arm 1 and pressurized air from a pressurized air supply unit 3 is supplied to a pressure control valve 4. The pressure of the pressurized air to be supplied is detected by the pressure sensor 5. At that time, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), when the pressure is initially increased to P1, which is a cuff pressure higher than the maximum blood pressure, this is detected by the pressure sensor 5, and the cuff pressure control unit 6 detects the pressure adjustment valve. Actuate 4 to stop further pressure rise. FIG. 1B shows an example in which control is performed by the cuff pressure control unit 6 so as to reach P1, which is a cuff pressure value higher than the maximum blood pressure at time T1, and to maintain this pressure at that time.

この際、最高血圧よりも高いカフ圧P1の圧力状態を、後述するその後の一酸化窒素による血管拡張が起こるのに充分な血流遮断時間である所定の時間維持する。図1(b)においてはこの状態をT1からT2迄維持している。その後、カフ圧力制御部6は圧力調節弁で調節しながら、最高血圧よりも低い適宜の所定カフ圧力にまで減圧する。このときのカフ圧力は、例えば最低血圧よりも高い適宜の所定カフ圧であるP2とする。このときの最低血圧よりも高い所定カフ圧は、平均血圧よりも低い圧力であることが好ましい。従って以下の説明では、最高血圧よりも低い適宜の所定カフ圧力として、最低血圧よりも高い所定は不圧力に設定した例について述べる。図1(b)においてはT2からT3迄減圧し、T3において最低血圧よりも高い所定カフ圧P2迄減圧した例を示している。この時の最低血圧よりも高い所定カフ圧としては、例えば被験者の平均血圧に対する所定の割合(%)を設定しても良く、或いは例えば70、80mmHg等の所定の値を予め設定しても良い。   At this time, the pressure state of the cuff pressure P1 higher than the maximum blood pressure is maintained for a predetermined time, which is a blood flow blocking time sufficient for subsequent blood vessel dilatation by nitric oxide, which will be described later. In FIG. 1B, this state is maintained from T1 to T2. Thereafter, the cuff pressure control unit 6 reduces the pressure to an appropriate predetermined cuff pressure lower than the maximum blood pressure while adjusting with the pressure control valve. The cuff pressure at this time is, for example, P2 which is an appropriate predetermined cuff pressure higher than the minimum blood pressure. The predetermined cuff pressure higher than the minimum blood pressure at this time is preferably a pressure lower than the average blood pressure. Therefore, in the following description, an example will be described in which the predetermined predetermined cuff pressure lower than the maximum blood pressure is set to a predetermined non-pressure higher than the minimum blood pressure. FIG. 1B shows an example in which the pressure is reduced from T2 to T3, and the pressure is reduced to a predetermined cuff pressure P2 higher than the minimum blood pressure at T3. As the predetermined cuff pressure higher than the minimum blood pressure at this time, for example, a predetermined ratio (%) with respect to the average blood pressure of the subject may be set, or a predetermined value such as 70, 80 mmHg may be set in advance. .

図1(b)の例においては、この最低血圧よりも高い所定カフ圧P2をT3からT4迄維持して、この期間に一酸化窒素が放出される結果起こる血管拡張を観察する。そのため、予め多数の試験を行った後のデータにより、少なくともその観察を行うのに充分な時間に設定する。その期間終了後には検査終了としてカフの圧力を抜く。但し、最終的にその観察が終了し、血管内皮機能判定表示がなされて検査が終了したた旨の表示がなされたときに、利用者が装置を任意にリセットすることにより検査終了としてカフの圧力を抜いても良い。   In the example of FIG. 1B, a predetermined cuff pressure P2 higher than the minimum blood pressure is maintained from T3 to T4, and vasodilation resulting from the release of nitric oxide is observed during this period. For this reason, at least a time sufficient to perform the observation is set based on the data after performing a number of tests in advance. After that period, the cuff pressure is released as the inspection is completed. However, when the observation is finally finished and the indication of the vascular endothelial function determination is made and the examination is finished, the cuff pressure is set as the examination end by the user arbitrarily resetting the device. It is okay to unplug.

従来より、血管内皮細胞はアセチルコリンや何らかのメカニカルなストレスによって一酸化窒素を産生し、放出して血管の拡張作用を行うことが知られており、そのときの血管の拡張作用は血管が硬化している程一酸化窒素の放出が少なく、血管の拡張作用が生じにくくなる。したがって本発明において上記のような圧力調節を行うとき、最高血圧よりも高いカフ圧P1から、最低血圧よりも高い所定のカフ圧P2迄急に低下させると、それまでカフ上流に貯留していた血液が一気にカフ下流へ流れ出るため血管に大きなズリ応力がかかり、前記のように最低血圧よりも高い所定のカフ圧P2に維持している状態で、血管の血管内皮機能の程度に応じた一酸化窒素の放出とそれによる血管拡張の脈動が生じる。   Traditionally, vascular endothelial cells have been known to produce and release nitric oxide by acetylcholine and some mechanical stress, and perform the vasodilatory action. The more nitric oxide is released, the less likely it is to dilate blood vessels. Therefore, when pressure adjustment as described above is performed in the present invention, if the pressure is suddenly decreased from the cuff pressure P1 higher than the maximum blood pressure to the predetermined cuff pressure P2 higher than the minimum blood pressure, the cuff pressure has been stored upstream until then. Since blood flows out downstream of the cuff at a stretch, a large shear stress is applied to the blood vessel, and in the state where the predetermined cuff pressure P2 higher than the minimum blood pressure is maintained as described above, monoxide is oxidized according to the degree of vascular endothelial function of the blood vessel. The release of nitrogen and the resulting vasodilation pulsation occurs.

その結果、図1(b)のT3〜T4における血管拡張観察期間において、同図に示すような脈波を図1(a)のデータ処理部7で観察することができる。この脈波について詳細に検討を行ったところ、脈波全体の大小は動脈硬化には直接関係せず、身体の大きさ等の生体の個性によって相違するが、最初に表れる脈波である第1脈波のピーク値(Pulse min)と、その後表れる脈波のうちでの最大ピーク値(Pulse max)の比、即ち第1脈波ピーク値に対する最大脈波ピーク値の比の値が、血管内皮機能の状態、即ち動脈の硬化の程度を表していることがわかった。またほぼ同様の理由により、前記のように所定の圧力に減圧してからの経過時間とカフ圧ピーク値の変化率から内皮機能を評価することができることもわかった。   As a result, a pulse wave as shown in FIG. 1B can be observed by the data processing unit 7 in FIG. 1A during the blood vessel dilation observation period from T3 to T4 in FIG. When this pulse wave was examined in detail, the magnitude of the entire pulse wave is not directly related to arteriosclerosis, and differs depending on the individuality of the living body such as the size of the body, but the first pulse wave that appears first. The ratio between the peak value of the pulse wave (Pulse min) and the maximum peak value (Pulse max) of the pulse waves that appear thereafter, that is, the ratio of the maximum pulse wave peak value to the first pulse wave peak value is the vascular endothelium. It was found to represent the state of function, ie the degree of arterial stiffness. For the same reason, it was also found that the endothelial function can be evaluated from the elapsed time after the pressure is reduced to the predetermined pressure as described above and the change rate of the cuff pressure peak value.

この知見に基づき、図1の動脈硬化判定部としてのデータ処理部7には、第1記憶部としての第1脈波カフ圧ピーク値記憶部8と、第2記憶部としての第2脈波以降最高カフ圧ピーク値記憶部9とを設け、第2脈波以降最高カフ圧ピーク値記憶部9には第2脈波以降の脈波のピーク値の中で、より大きい値を更新して記憶する。比演算部10では第1脈波ピーク値(M1)と第2脈波以降最高カフ圧ピーク値(Mmax)との比(Mmax/M1)を演算し、演算した比の値が予め多数の実験により得られている値の平均値、或いは他の所定の値と比較してどの程度かを判定し、被験者の血管内皮機能の程度としての動脈硬化の判定を行う。また、他の手法として、前記所定の圧力に減圧してからの経過時間とカフ圧ピーク値の変化率から血管内皮機能の評価を行うことができる。   Based on this knowledge, the data processor 7 as the arteriosclerosis determination unit in FIG. 1 includes the first pulse wave cuff pressure peak value storage unit 8 as the first storage unit and the second pulse wave as the second storage unit. Thereafter, a maximum cuff pressure peak value storage unit 9 is provided, and the second and subsequent highest cuff pressure peak value storage unit 9 updates a larger value among the peak values of the pulse waves after the second pulse wave. Remember. The ratio calculation unit 10 calculates a ratio (Mmax / M1) between the first pulse wave peak value (M1) and the second and subsequent pulse wave maximum cuff pressure peak values (Mmax), and the calculated ratio value is obtained in a number of experiments in advance. The average value of the values obtained by the above or the degree of comparison with other predetermined values is determined, and arteriosclerosis is determined as the degree of the vascular endothelial function of the subject. As another method, the vascular endothelial function can be evaluated from the elapsed time after the pressure is reduced to the predetermined pressure and the change rate of the cuff pressure peak value.

上記のような機能ブロックからなる簡易型血管内皮機能評価システムは、例えば図2に示す作動フローに従って順に作動させることにより実施できる。以下に前記図1を参照しつつ順に説明する。図2の血管内皮機能評価処理においては、最初に被験者にカフを装着する(ステップS1)。次いでカフ1に加圧空気供給部3から加圧空気を供給する(ステップS2)。その後、最高血圧よりも高い所定のカフ圧(P1)になったか否かを判別する。この判別は、カフ圧力制御部6において、圧力センサー5で検出した加圧中のカフ圧とが、予め設定した最高血圧よりも高い所定のカフ圧(P1)とを比較することにより判別することができる。   The simplified vascular endothelial function evaluation system including the functional blocks as described above can be implemented by sequentially operating, for example, according to the operation flow shown in FIG. Below, it demonstrates in order, referring the said FIG. In the vascular endothelial function evaluation process of FIG. 2, a cuff is first attached to the subject (step S1). Next, pressurized air is supplied to the cuff 1 from the pressurized air supply unit 3 (step S2). Thereafter, it is determined whether or not a predetermined cuff pressure (P1) higher than the maximum blood pressure has been reached. This determination is made by comparing the cuff pressure during pressurization detected by the pressure sensor 5 with a predetermined cuff pressure (P1) higher than a preset maximum blood pressure in the cuff pressure control unit 6. Can do.

ステップS3において未だ最高血圧よりも高い所定のカフ圧(P1)になっていないと判別したときには、ステップS2に戻ってカフに加圧空気を供給する作動を継続する。ここで最高血圧よりも高い所定のカフ圧(P1)になったと判別したときには、このカフ圧(P1)を維持し(ステップS3)、カフ下流の血流を遮断して血流を阻害し、カフ上流に血液を充満させる。その後所定の血液遮断時間が経過したか否かを判別し(ステップS5)、未だ所定の血液遮断時間が経過していないときにはステップS4に戻ってカフ圧(P1)の維持を継続する。これらの作動はカフ圧制御部6が圧力センサー5の圧力値を監視し、圧力調節弁、更には必要に応じて加圧空気供給部3を制御することによりこの圧力を維持する。   If it is determined in step S3 that the predetermined cuff pressure (P1) higher than the maximum blood pressure has not yet been reached, the operation returns to step S2 to continue the operation of supplying pressurized air to the cuff. When it is determined that a predetermined cuff pressure (P1) higher than the maximum blood pressure is reached, the cuff pressure (P1) is maintained (step S3), the blood flow downstream of the cuff is blocked, and the blood flow is inhibited. Fill the cuff upstream with blood. Thereafter, it is determined whether or not a predetermined blood blocking time has elapsed (step S5). When the predetermined blood blocking time has not yet elapsed, the process returns to step S4 and the maintenance of the cuff pressure (P1) is continued. In these operations, the cuff pressure control unit 6 monitors the pressure value of the pressure sensor 5 and maintains the pressure by controlling the pressure control valve and further the pressurized air supply unit 3 as necessary.

ステップS5において所定の血液遮断時間が経過したと判別したときには、カフ圧を急速に減圧し(ステップS6)、最高血圧よりも低い所定のカフ圧、好ましくは最低血圧より高く平均血圧より低い、所定のカフ圧(P2)になったか否かを判別する(ステップS7)。この判別も図1のカフ圧制御部6により行う。ここで最高血圧よりも低い所定のカフ圧(P2)に未だなっていないと判別したときには、ステップS6に戻ってカフ圧の急速減圧を継続する。ステップS7で最高血圧よりも低い所定のカフ圧(P2)になったと判別したときには、そのカフ圧(P2)を維持する(ステップS8)。その結果血管内皮細胞から一酸化窒素が放出されてカフ下流域の血管拡張が生じる。このようにカフを減圧してカフ下流域の血管拡張が生じると、血管内圧は高くなり、その結果カフを通して検出される脈波振幅が大きくなる。したがって、脈波振幅の変化は血管拡張の変化を反映した結果としてとらえることができる。   When it is determined in step S5 that the predetermined blood blocking time has elapsed, the cuff pressure is rapidly reduced (step S6), a predetermined cuff pressure lower than the maximum blood pressure, preferably higher than the minimum blood pressure and lower than the average blood pressure. It is determined whether or not the cuff pressure (P2) is reached (step S7). This determination is also performed by the cuff pressure control unit 6 in FIG. Here, when it is determined that the predetermined cuff pressure (P2) lower than the maximum blood pressure is not yet reached, the process returns to step S6 and the rapid reduction of the cuff pressure is continued. If it is determined in step S7 that the predetermined cuff pressure (P2) is lower than the maximum blood pressure, the cuff pressure (P2) is maintained (step S8). As a result, nitric oxide is released from the vascular endothelial cells, resulting in vasodilation in the downstream area of the cuff. When the cuff is depressurized in this manner to cause vasodilation in the downstream area of the cuff, the intravascular pressure increases, and as a result, the pulse wave amplitude detected through the cuff increases. Therefore, the change in the pulse wave amplitude can be considered as a result of reflecting the change in vasodilation.

次いで、このカフ圧(P2)の状態で最初に表れる脈波である第1脈波のカフ圧のピーク値(M1)を検出し、第1記憶部に記憶する。この作動は図1のデータ処理部7において、第1脈波カフ圧ピーク値記憶部(第1記憶部)8にデータを記憶することにより行われる。その後第2脈波以降のカフ圧ピーク値を検出し、最高カフ圧ピーク値を第2記憶部に更新記録する。この処理はデータ処理部7において、第2脈波以降最高カフ圧ピーク値記憶部(第2記憶部)9に、第2脈波以降表れる脈波のピーク値をチェックすることにより、前の値よりも大きい値が表れたときに第2記憶部にその値を記憶することにより行うことができる。   Next, the peak value (M1) of the cuff pressure of the first pulse wave, which is the pulse wave first appearing in the state of the cuff pressure (P2), is detected and stored in the first storage unit. This operation is performed by storing data in the first pulse wave cuff pressure peak value storage unit (first storage unit) 8 in the data processing unit 7 of FIG. Thereafter, the cuff pressure peak value after the second pulse wave is detected, and the maximum cuff pressure peak value is updated and recorded in the second storage unit. In this processing, the data processing unit 7 checks the peak value of the pulse wave appearing after the second pulse wave in the maximum cuff pressure peak value storage unit (second storage unit) 9 after the second pulse wave, thereby obtaining the previous value. When a larger value appears, the value can be stored in the second storage unit.

第2の実施例においてはその後、脈波が消えたか否かを判別し(ステップS11)、未だ脈波が消えていないときにはステップS10に戻って第2記憶部の更新記録を継続する。ステップS11で脈波が消えたと判別したときには、第1記憶部の第1脈波ピーク値(M1)と第2記憶部の脈波最高値(Mmax)を読み出して比(R)を算出する(ステップS12)。次いで、算出した比(R)の値を予め求めている平均値、或いは所定の値と比較し、評価を行い(ステップS13)、その評価結果を表示部11に表示する。   In the second embodiment, it is then determined whether or not the pulse wave has disappeared (step S11). If the pulse wave has not yet disappeared, the process returns to step S10 to continue the update recording in the second storage unit. When it is determined in step S11 that the pulse wave has disappeared, the first pulse wave peak value (M1) of the first storage unit and the pulse wave maximum value (Mmax) of the second storage unit are read to calculate the ratio (R) ( Step S12). Next, the calculated ratio (R) value is compared with an average value or a predetermined value obtained in advance, evaluation is performed (step S13), and the evaluation result is displayed on the display unit 11.

上記のような本発明における評価に際しては、カフ圧を下げた直後に検出される最初の脈波振幅を基準にして、その後に検出される最大の脈波振幅との相対比率を求め、求めた脈波振幅の比率が大きいと血管内皮機能が良いと判定する。また、前記所定の圧力に減圧してからの経過時間とカフ圧ピーク値の変化率を演算し、その値から内皮機能を評価する。それにより、現在一般家庭で広く普及している血圧測定装置と同様の装置を用い、上腕部に巻いたカフを加圧・減圧する操作を行うだけで、家庭で簡単に血管内皮機能を評価でき、動脈硬化の判定を行うことができるようになる。また、同じ装置を用いて従来と同様の機能を付加し、血圧測定も行うことができる。   In the evaluation in the present invention as described above, a relative ratio with the maximum pulse wave amplitude detected after that was obtained on the basis of the first pulse wave amplitude detected immediately after the cuff pressure was lowered, and found. When the ratio of the pulse wave amplitude is large, it is determined that the vascular endothelial function is good. Further, the elapsed time after the pressure is reduced to the predetermined pressure and the change rate of the cuff pressure peak value are calculated, and the endothelial function is evaluated from the calculated values. As a result, it is possible to easily evaluate vascular endothelial function at home simply by performing operations to pressurize and depressurize the cuff wound around the upper arm using a device similar to the blood pressure measurement device that is currently widely used in ordinary homes. The determination of arteriosclerosis can be performed. In addition, blood pressure can be measured using the same device with the same functions as in the past.

本発明は血管内皮機能を評価することにより動脈硬化の検査を一般家庭で行うことができるようになり、同じシステムを利用して血圧も測定可能となる。   The present invention makes it possible to examine arteriosclerosis at home by evaluating vascular endothelial function, and blood pressure can be measured using the same system.

(a)は本発明の実施例の機能ブロック図であり、(b)はカフに対する加圧及び減圧の制御、及び脈波の発生状態を示す図であり、(c)は脈波部分の拡大図である。(A) is a functional block diagram of the Example of this invention, (b) is a figure which shows the control of the pressurization and pressure reduction with respect to a cuff, and the generation state of a pulse wave, (c) is an expansion of a pulse wave part. FIG. 本発明の作動フロー図である。It is an operation | movement flowchart of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 腕
2 カフ
3 加圧空気供給部
4 圧力調節弁
5 圧力センサー
6 カフ圧力制御部
7 データ処理部
8 第1脈波カフ圧ピーク値記憶部
9 第2脈波以降最高カフ圧ピーク値記憶部
10 比演算部
11 表示部
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Arm 2 Cuff 3 Pressurized air supply part 4 Pressure control valve 5 Pressure sensor 6 Cuff pressure control part 7 Data processing part 8 1st pulse wave cuff pressure peak value memory | storage part 9 2nd pulse wave and subsequent highest cuff pressure peak value memory | storage part 10 Ratio calculation part 11 Display part

Claims (7)

被験者の腕に装着するカフと、カフに加圧空気を供給する加圧空気供給部と、カフの圧力を検出する圧力センサーと、カフの圧力の制御を行うカフ圧制御部と、圧力センサーで検出した脈波データを処理するデータ処理部と、データ処理部で処理した結果を表示する表示部とを備え、
前記カフ圧制御部では、カフ圧を最高血圧よりも高い所定のカフ圧に維持した後、急速減圧し、最高血圧を下回る所定の圧力でカフ圧に維持し、
前記データ処理部では、前記最高血圧を下回る所定のカフ圧に維持しているとき、最初に現れる第1脈波のカフ圧ピーク値と、その後の最高カフ圧ピーク値との比を算出し、その比の値により血管内皮機能の評価を行うことを特徴とする血管内皮機能評価システム。
A cuff attached to the subject's arm, a pressurized air supply unit that supplies pressurized air to the cuff, a pressure sensor that detects cuff pressure, a cuff pressure control unit that controls cuff pressure, and a pressure sensor A data processing unit that processes the detected pulse wave data, and a display unit that displays the result processed by the data processing unit,
In the cuff pressure control unit, after maintaining the cuff pressure at a predetermined cuff pressure higher than the maximum blood pressure, rapidly reducing the pressure, maintaining the cuff pressure at a predetermined pressure below the maximum blood pressure,
The data processing unit calculates a ratio between the cuff pressure peak value of the first pulse wave that appears first and the subsequent maximum cuff pressure peak value when maintaining a predetermined cuff pressure below the maximum blood pressure, An evaluation system for vascular endothelial function, wherein vascular endothelial function is evaluated based on the ratio value.
被験者の腕に装着するカフと、カフに加圧空気を供給する加圧空気供給部と、カフの圧力を検出する圧力センサーと、カフの圧力の制御を行うカフ圧制御部と、圧力センサーで検出した脈波データを処理するデータ処理部と、データ処理部で処理した結果を表示する表示部とを備え、
前記カフ圧制御部では、カフ圧を最高血圧よりも高い所定のカフ圧に維持した後、急速減圧し、最高血圧を下回る所定の圧力でカフ圧に維持し、
前記データ処理部では、前記最高血圧よりも低い所定のカフ圧に維持しているとき、前記所定の圧力に減圧してからの経過時間とカフ圧ピーク値の変化率から内皮機能を評価することを特徴とする血管内皮機能評価システム。
A cuff attached to the subject's arm, a pressurized air supply unit that supplies pressurized air to the cuff, a pressure sensor that detects cuff pressure, a cuff pressure control unit that controls cuff pressure, and a pressure sensor A data processing unit that processes the detected pulse wave data, and a display unit that displays the result processed by the data processing unit,
In the cuff pressure control unit, after maintaining the cuff pressure at a predetermined cuff pressure higher than the maximum blood pressure, rapidly reducing the pressure, maintaining the cuff pressure at a predetermined pressure below the maximum blood pressure,
In the data processing unit, when maintaining a predetermined cuff pressure lower than the systolic blood pressure, the endothelial function is evaluated from the elapsed time after the pressure is reduced to the predetermined pressure and the change rate of the cuff pressure peak value. An evaluation system for vascular endothelial function.
前記最高血圧を下回る所定の圧力は、最低血圧よりも高い所定のカフ圧であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の血管内皮機能評価システム。   The vascular endothelial function evaluation system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the predetermined pressure lower than the maximum blood pressure is a predetermined cuff pressure higher than the minimum blood pressure. 前記カフ圧制御部では、血圧測定用のカフ圧制御を行い、
前記データ処理部では、血圧も測定することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の血管内皮機能評価システム。
The cuff pressure control unit performs cuff pressure control for blood pressure measurement,
The vascular endothelial function evaluation system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the data processing unit also measures blood pressure.
前記データ処理部には第1脈波カフ圧ピーク値を記憶する第1記憶部と、第2脈波以降の最高カフ圧ピーク値を記憶する第2記憶部と、比演算部とを備え、
前記比演算部では、第1記憶部のデータと第2記憶部のデータを読み込み、比の演算を行うことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の血管内皮機能評価システム。
The data processing unit includes a first storage unit that stores a first pulse wave cuff pressure peak value, a second storage unit that stores a maximum cuff pressure peak value after the second pulse wave, and a ratio calculation unit.
3. The vascular endothelial function evaluation system according to claim 1, wherein the ratio calculation unit reads the data in the first storage unit and the data in the second storage unit and calculates the ratio. 4.
前記最高血圧よりも低い所定のカフ圧は、平均血圧よりも低い圧力であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の血管内皮機能評価システム。   The vascular endothelial function evaluation system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the predetermined cuff pressure lower than the maximum blood pressure is a pressure lower than the average blood pressure. 前記カフ圧を最高血圧よりも高い所定のカフ圧に維持する期間は、前記最高血圧より低い所定のカフ圧に減圧したとき、一酸化窒素により血管拡張が起こるのに充分な血流遮断時間であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の血管内皮機能評価システム。
The period during which the cuff pressure is maintained at a predetermined cuff pressure higher than the maximum blood pressure is a period of time for blocking blood flow sufficient to cause vasodilation by nitric oxide when the pressure is reduced to a predetermined cuff pressure lower than the maximum blood pressure. The vascular endothelial function evaluation system according to claim 1, wherein the vascular endothelial function evaluation system is provided.
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