JP2007206006A - Transformer measuring method, evaluation facilities, and transformer using the same - Google Patents
Transformer measuring method, evaluation facilities, and transformer using the same Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、トランス、特にスイッチング電源用のトランスに関する。 The present invention relates to a transformer, particularly a transformer for a switching power supply.
電子装置にはトランスが用いられることが多い。特に、スイッチング電源には高い周波数で動作するトランスが使用されることが多い。近年の電子回路の低電圧化・大電流化に対応するスイッチング電源では、その大電流のためにトランスの発熱が問題になる場合がある。ここで発熱の小さい良質なトランスを作成または選定したい場合がある。発熱は損失とも呼ばれ、トランスの損失を効果的に評価したい場合が生じる。ところが、トランスの発熱のメカニズムは複雑で、巻線損失は、表皮効果や近接効果が複雑に作用するので、発熱量あるいは巻線損失を求めるための種々の技術が考案されている。 Transformers are often used for electronic devices. In particular, a switching power supply often uses a transformer that operates at a high frequency. In a switching power supply corresponding to the recent low voltage and large current of electronic circuits, the heat generation of the transformer may be a problem due to the large current. Here, there is a case where it is desired to make or select a high-quality transformer with low heat generation. Heat generation is also called loss, and there are cases where it is desired to effectively evaluate the loss of the transformer. However, since the heat generation mechanism of the transformer is complicated and the winding loss is complicated by the skin effect and proximity effect, various techniques have been devised for obtaining the heat generation amount or the winding loss.
従来の技術の第1の例は、"New Measurement Methods to Characterize Transformer Core Loss and Copper Loss In High Frequency Switching Mode Power Supplies." に記載されており、トランスに補助巻線を追加して、実際の使用条件と同様な大電力のパルス波形をトランスに与えて、電圧と電流波形を測定し、損失を算出する方法である。この方法は、トランスの損失を正確に計ることができるが、トランスに加工が必要で時間がかかり、製品検査には適用できず、設備が大がかりであり、また計算処理が複雑であるという課題がある。 The first example of the prior art is described in "New Measurement Methods to Characterize Transformer Core Loss and Copper Loss In High Frequency Switching Mode Power Supplies." This is a method of calculating a loss by applying a high-power pulse waveform similar to the condition to the transformer, measuring the voltage and current waveforms. This method can accurately measure the loss of the transformer, but the transformer requires processing, takes time, cannot be applied to product inspection, has a large facility, and has a complicated calculation process. is there.
従来の技術の第2の例は、"Electrical Terminal Representation of Conductor Loss in Transformers" に記載されており、入力端子と出力の端子からそれぞれインピーダンスを測定して、任意の周波数で、損失となる抵抗成分を測定する方法である。この方法は、測定は簡便で迅速に実施できるので便利である。 The second example of the prior art is described in “Electrical Terminal Representation of Conductor Loss in Transformers”. The impedance component is measured from the input terminal and the output terminal respectively, and the resistance component becomes a loss at an arbitrary frequency. Is a method of measuring. This method is convenient because the measurement is simple and can be performed quickly.
図5に従来の技術の実施例を示す。トランス1が被測定対象で、1次巻線の端子11に、測定機2を接続している。この測定機2にはLCRメータなどを用いて、信号を与えて、損失抵抗を測定する。このとき2次巻線の端子12は何も接続せず、開放にしておく。こうして、1次巻線の損失抵抗を測定することができる。2次巻線とを入れ替えて同様の測定を行えば、2次巻線の損失抵抗を測定することができる。
FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the prior art. The transformer 1 is the object to be measured, and the
この方法は簡便で迅速に実施できるので便利であるが、1次側から損失を測るときには1次巻線だけに電流を流し、2次側から損失を測るときには2次巻線だけに電流を流すので、1次巻線と2次巻線の相互作用である近接効果などが排除されて、その分の誤差が生じるという課題がある。 This method is convenient because it is simple and can be carried out quickly. When measuring the loss from the primary side, the current is supplied only to the primary winding, and when measuring the loss from the secondary side, the current is supplied only to the secondary winding. Therefore, there is a problem that the proximity effect, which is the interaction between the primary winding and the secondary winding, is eliminated and an error corresponding to the proximity effect occurs.
近年のトランスの巻線構造は、旧来の線材を使った単純な構造ではなくなってきており、銅板やリング状の板を使うなど、表皮効果や近接効果、1次2次巻線の相互作用などが生じやすい構造になって来ているので、このような場合を含め、トランスの損失を工業的に十分正確に測定したい場合がある。すなわち、1次と2次の巻線に同時に電流を流しながら損失を測定したい場合がある。また、近年の短期開発に対応して、複雑・大がかりな設備を用意したり、トランスに補助巻線を追加するなどの追加加工をすることなしに、簡便に測定したい場合がある。簡便で正確な測定が可能となれば、異種のトランスの比較も簡便・正確になり、良質な電源の設計・生産が可能になり、また、評価や検査なども簡便・正確になる。 The winding structure of transformers in recent years is no longer a simple structure using conventional wire rods, such as the use of copper plates or ring-shaped plates, skin effects, proximity effects, primary / secondary winding interactions, etc. In such a case, there is a case where it is desired to measure the loss of the transformer sufficiently accurately industrially. That is, there is a case where it is desired to measure the loss while simultaneously passing current through the primary and secondary windings. In addition, in response to recent short-term development, there is a case where it is desired to make a simple measurement without preparing complicated and large-scale equipment or performing additional processing such as adding an auxiliary winding to the transformer. If simple and accurate measurement is possible, comparison of different types of transformers will be simple and accurate, design and production of high-quality power supplies will be possible, and evaluation and inspection will be simple and accurate.
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、十分正確な損失の測定を、簡便な方法で実現することにある。具体的には、1次と2次の巻線に同時に電流を流しながら行う損失の測定を、簡便な方法で実現することにある。 The problem to be solved by the present invention is to realize sufficiently accurate loss measurement by a simple method. More specifically, a simple method is used to measure the loss performed while simultaneously passing current through the primary and secondary windings.
1次巻線と2次巻線に同時に電流を流しながら損失を測定するために、2次(または1次)巻線の端子を短絡する手段を用意し、また、1次(または2次)巻線の端子から抵抗成分を測定する手段を用意する。こうすれば、トランスの性質により、1次巻線と2次巻線に同時に電流を流しながらの測定が実現される。その結果、1次巻線と2次巻線、それぞれ単独でなく、合計の損失を測定あるいは評価することが可能となる。また、必要に応じてコア損など他の損失も加味した、1次巻線と2次巻線を含む合計の損失を測定あるいは評価することが可能となる。 In order to measure the loss while simultaneously passing current through the primary winding and the secondary winding, a means for short-circuiting the terminal of the secondary (or primary) winding is prepared, and the primary (or secondary) is prepared. A means for measuring the resistance component from the terminal of the winding is prepared. In this way, the measurement while the current is simultaneously supplied to the primary winding and the secondary winding is realized due to the nature of the transformer. As a result, it is possible to measure or evaluate the total loss, not the primary winding and the secondary winding, respectively. Further, it is possible to measure or evaluate the total loss including the primary winding and the secondary winding in consideration of other losses such as core loss as required.
本発明によれば、1次巻線と2次巻線を含む合計の損失が測定・評価可能になる、という効果がある。 According to the present invention, there is an effect that the total loss including the primary winding and the secondary winding can be measured and evaluated.
以下、本発明を、実施例を用いて、詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
図1は本発明の第1の実施例である。 FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention.
被測定対象のトランス1の2次巻線の端子12に短絡片3を接続している。1次巻線の端子11に、測定機2を接続し、この測定機2にはLCRメータなどを用いて、信号を与えて、損失抵抗を測定している。測定機2で与えられた信号は、1次巻線に電流を流し、また、2次巻線の端子が短絡されているので、トランスの性質により、2次巻線にも電流が流れる。こうして、1次巻線と2次巻線に同時に電流を流しながらの測定が実現する。従って、1次2次巻線間の近接効果他や容量などの相互作用が加わった状態で測定される。また、測定機2で測定される抵抗成分は、主に1次巻線と2次巻線の合計の損失である。
The short-circuit piece 3 is connected to the
以上のように、本発明の第1の実施例では、1次巻線と2次巻線を含む合計の損失が測定、評価できる。 As described above, in the first embodiment of the present invention, the total loss including the primary winding and the secondary winding can be measured and evaluated.
なお、損失は、電力、エネルギー量、抵抗値など、適宜ふさわしい形で表現すれば良い。LCRメータを用いると損失の抵抗値が直接測定できるが、損失の抵抗値は、電圧や電流に依存しない正規化された表現で、損失の便利な表現法のひとつである。 The loss may be expressed in an appropriate form such as power, energy amount, and resistance value. Using an LCR meter, the resistance value of the loss can be measured directly, but the resistance value of the loss is a normalized expression that does not depend on voltage or current, and is a convenient way to express the loss.
また、1次、2次などの巻線の呼称は人為的なものであるから、番号を入れ替えてさしつかえない。2つを越える巻線がある場合も同様である。本発明では、測定器を接続した巻線の端子を1次側、他の巻線の端子を2次側と言う。 Moreover, since the names of the primary and secondary windings are artificial, the numbers may be interchanged. The same applies when there are more than two windings. In the present invention, the terminal of the winding connected to the measuring instrument is called the primary side, and the terminal of the other winding is called the secondary side.
なお、2つを越える巻線がある場合には、1次巻線以外を全て短絡する、あるいは所望の巻線を短絡するなどの方法を採ればよい。 If there are more than two windings, a method such as shorting all but the primary winding or shorting a desired winding may be employed.
図2は本発明の第2の実施例である。 FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention.
図2で、図1との相違点は、トランス1の1次巻線と2次巻線を入れ替えた測定構成であることである。従って、トランス1の1次巻線の端子11に短絡片3を接続しており、2次巻線の端子12に測定機2を接続している。測定機2で測定される抵抗成分は、主に1次巻線と2次巻線の合計の損失である。測定値は2次巻線換算値となるので、必要であれば、トランスの1次巻線と2次巻線の巻数比を用いて、1次巻線換算値に換算することができる。
2 is different from FIG. 1 in that the measurement configuration is such that the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer 1 are interchanged. Accordingly, the short-circuit piece 3 is connected to the terminal 11 of the primary winding of the transformer 1, and the
この構成でも、第1の実施例と同様に、1次巻線と2次巻線を含む合計の損失が測定、評価できる。 Even in this configuration, the total loss including the primary winding and the secondary winding can be measured and evaluated as in the first embodiment.
図1の構成と図2の構成は、トランスの形状や性質により、都合の良い方を選んで測定を行えば良い。 The configuration shown in FIG. 1 and the configuration shown in FIG. 2 may be measured by selecting a convenient one depending on the shape and properties of the transformer.
なお、トランスのコアの損失を加味したい場合には、図3に示したように、トランス1の2次巻線を開放にし、1次巻線の端子11に信号源4を接続して、所望の信号を印加して、トランスのコアの損失を測ることができる。従って、上記した1次巻線と2次巻線の合計の損失に、コアの損失を加えて、新たに1次巻線と2次巻線の合計の損失と呼んでも良いし、トランスの合計損失、全損失などと呼んでも良い。コアの損失は巻線の損失に比べて小さい場合も多いので、省略して合計損失と呼んで差し支えない場合も多く、また、1次巻線と2次巻線の合計の損失を全損失と呼んでも良い。従って、本発明では、1次巻線と2次巻線の損失を含んでいれば、他の損失を含んでいるか否かにかかわらず、1次巻線と2次巻線を含む合計の損失と言う。 If it is desired to take into account the core loss of the transformer, as shown in FIG. 3, the secondary winding of the transformer 1 is opened and the signal source 4 is connected to the terminal 11 of the primary winding. The loss of the core of the transformer can be measured by applying the above signal. Therefore, the core loss may be added to the total loss of the primary winding and the secondary winding described above to newly call the total loss of the primary winding and the secondary winding, or the total of the transformer. It may be called loss, total loss, etc. Since the core loss is often smaller than the winding loss, it can be omitted and referred to as the total loss, and the total loss of the primary and secondary windings is referred to as the total loss. You can call it. Therefore, in the present invention, if the loss of the primary winding and the secondary winding is included, the total loss including the primary winding and the secondary winding regardless of whether other losses are included or not. Say.
また、上記の測定はいずれも任意の周波数で行うことができる。パルス波を入力すれば、任意の波形のパルス波形に対する抵抗あるいは損失を測定することができる。また、パルス波形は基本波成分と高調波成分を有するが、正弦波で損失を測定して、1から3程度の係数を乗ずれば、高調波成分を考慮したこととなって、パルス波に対する損失値を得ることができる。 In addition, any of the above measurements can be performed at an arbitrary frequency. If a pulse wave is input, it is possible to measure resistance or loss with respect to a pulse waveform having an arbitrary waveform. The pulse waveform has a fundamental wave component and a harmonic component, but if the loss is measured with a sine wave and multiplied by a coefficient of about 1 to 3, the harmonic component is taken into consideration. Loss values can be obtained.
第3の実施例は、本発明になる評価設備であり、前述の本発明になる測定法を用いている。本発明の測定法は、被測定対象のトランスに加工を行わないので、評価設備に適している。評価設備は、検査にも使用でき、検査設備を含むことは明らかである。 The third embodiment is an evaluation facility according to the present invention, and uses the above-described measuring method according to the present invention. The measurement method of the present invention is suitable for evaluation equipment because it does not process the transformer to be measured. Obviously, the evaluation equipment can also be used for inspection and includes inspection equipment.
図4に本発明になる評価設備の構成を示す。トランス1は評価定対象である。評価設備は、測定機2、短絡機構31、脱着機構5、制御・判定機構6から構成されている。短絡機構31はトランス1の2次巻線の端子を短絡するものであり、測定機2は損失を測る。また、脱着機構5は評価対象のトランスを脱着するための機構であり、制御・判定機構6は測定機や脱着機構などを制御したり、評価結果を判定したり、測定値を記録したりするもので、いずれも必要に応じて具備したり除外したり、必要な機能を持たせたりすれば良く、評価設備の一部である。
FIG. 4 shows the configuration of the evaluation facility according to the present invention. Transformer 1 is the subject of evaluation. The evaluation facility includes a measuring
第3の実施例は、本発明の測定法により、1次巻線と2次巻線を含む合計の損失の評価や検査を実施することができる。 In the third embodiment, the total loss including the primary winding and the secondary winding can be evaluated and inspected by the measuring method of the present invention.
第4の実施例は、図示しないが、1次巻線と2次巻線を含む合計の損失を明示したトランスである。上記の方法あるいは評価設備で測定した損失値が明示されていると、トランスの性能の比較が可能となる。1次巻線と2次巻線を含む合計の損失を明示する方法には様々な方法があるが、トランス自体に記載する方法、カタログに記載する方法、データシートに記載する方法、試験成績表などに記載する方法、購入仕様書などの各種仕様書に記載する方法、などがある。 Although not shown, the fourth embodiment is a transformer that clearly shows the total loss including the primary winding and the secondary winding. If the loss value measured by the above method or the evaluation facility is specified, the performance of the transformer can be compared. There are various methods to specify the total loss including the primary and secondary windings. There are various methods, but the method described in the transformer itself, the method described in the catalog, the method described in the data sheet, the test result table And a method described in various specifications such as a purchase specification.
トランスの1次巻線と2次巻線の合計の損失が明示されていれば、トランスの性能比較が迅速に行えて有益である。特に、カタログやデータシートに明示されていれば机上検討、比較が可能となり、サンプルを入手し、評価する無駄をはぶけ、また、本発明になる測定法は正確なので、実際にスイッチング電源などを組み立ててトランスの損失の評価を行う無駄がはぶける。 If the total loss of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer is specified, it is beneficial to quickly compare the performance of the transformer. In particular, if it is specified in the catalog or data sheet, it will be possible to study and compare on the desk, avoid the waste of obtaining and evaluating samples, and the measurement method according to the present invention is accurate, so it actually assembles a switching power supply etc. Therefore, the waste of evaluating the loss of the transformer is blown away.
なお、記載にあたっての呼称は適宜選べば良く、1次巻線と2次巻線を含む合計の損失、1次巻線と2次巻線の合計の損失、合計損失、全損室、交流損失、高周波損失、パルス損失、他、があるが、1次巻線と2次巻線の損失を含んでいれば、1次巻線と2次巻線を含む合計の損失と言う。 The name used in the description may be selected as appropriate. Total loss including primary winding and secondary winding, total loss of primary winding and secondary winding, total loss, total loss chamber, AC loss If the loss of the primary winding and the secondary winding is included, it is said to be the total loss including the primary winding and the secondary winding.
以上のように、本発明の第4の実施例では、1次巻線と2次巻線を含む合計の損失が簡便に評価できる。 As described above, in the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the total loss including the primary winding and the secondary winding can be easily evaluated.
本発明になる測定法は、トランス、特にスイッチング電源用のトランスに広く一般に使用することができる。また、本発明になる評価設備は、トランスの評価や検査に広く一般に使用することができる。 The measuring method according to the present invention can be widely used in general for transformers, especially transformers for switching power supplies. Moreover, the evaluation equipment according to the present invention can be widely used for transformer evaluation and inspection.
1 トランス
11 1次巻線端子
12 2次巻線端子
2 測定機
3 短絡片
31 短絡機構
4 信号源
5 脱着機構
6 制御・判定機構
1 transformer
11 Primary winding terminal
12 Secondary winding terminal
2 Measuring machine
3 Shorting piece
31 Short-circuit mechanism
4 Signal source
5 Desorption mechanism
6 Control / judgment mechanism
Claims (8)
4. The transformer according to claim 3, wherein the loss includes a loss of a core of the transformer.
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JP2016133340A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2016-07-25 | 株式会社フジクラ | Proximity effect loss measurement method and device |
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CN102135574A (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2011-07-27 | 河北省电力研究院 | Method for detecting capacitance and dielectric loss of transformer winding without disconnecting lead wire |
JP2016133340A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2016-07-25 | 株式会社フジクラ | Proximity effect loss measurement method and device |
CN105203853A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2015-12-30 | 国网智能电网研究院 | Measuring method for stray capacitance of large-capacity high-frequency transformer |
CN114325126A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-04-12 | 浙江富特科技股份有限公司 | Method and system for measuring winding loss of inductor |
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