JP2007198493A - Normal-reverse rotation switching device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To miniaturize a normal-reverse rotation switching device for switching a normal rotation and a reverse rotation and transmitting it to an output shaft. <P>SOLUTION: A sun gear 11 is fixed to an input shaft 1 rotationally driven in one direction, a first pinion 13 and a second pinion 14 are assembled between the sun gear 11 and a ring gear 12, and a carrier 15 for rotatably supporting the first pinion 13 and the second pinion 14 are integrated with the output shaft 2. A brake means 30 for reverse rotation and a first electromagnetic clutch 40 for controlling coupling and uncoupling of the brake means 30 for reverse rotation are assembled between a drum 17 provided to the ring gear 12 and a housing 18. Further, a clutch 50 for normal rotation and a second electromagnetic clutch 60 for controlling engagement and disengagement of the clutch 50 for normal rotation are assembled between the drum 17 and the output shaft 2, a mechanical clutch such as a two-way roller clutch is adopted, and the normal-reverse rotation switching device is miniaturized. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a forward / reverse rotation switching device that switches between a rotation in the same direction as an input shaft and a rotation in a reverse direction with respect to an output shaft.

  An input shaft that is driven to rotate in one direction and an output shaft are arranged coaxially, and the output shaft rotates in the same direction as the input shaft (forward rotation) or in the reverse direction (reverse rotation). As a rotation switching device, a device described in Patent Document 1 has been conventionally known.

  In the forward / reverse rotation switching device described in Patent Document 1, an input shaft and an output shaft are coaxially arranged, a drum is fixed to the input shaft, and a planetary gear mechanism is provided between the drum and the output shaft. And the planetary gear mechanism is controlled by a forward clutch and a reverse brake so that the output shaft rotates in the same direction or in the opposite direction to the input shaft.

  Here, the planetary gear mechanism includes a sun gear that is prevented from rotating around the output shaft, a ring gear that is fixed to the drum, a pinion that meshes with each of the ring gear and the sun gear, and a drum-like carrier that rotatably supports the pinion. The forward clutch is assembled between the hub and the drum integrated with the sun gear, and the reverse brake is assembled between the drum-shaped carrier and the casing, and the drum and the hub are coupled by the forward clutch. Thus, the rotation of the drum is transmitted to the hub, and the output shaft is rotated in the same direction as the input shaft.

Also, the casing and carrier are coupled by a reverse brake to fix the carrier, and the rotation of the drum is transmitted to the sun gear via a pinion that rotates at a fixed position, so that the output shaft rotates in the direction opposite to the input shaft. Yes.
JP-A-6-221385

  By the way, in the forward / reverse rotation switching device, the forward clutch and the reverse brake that control the planetary gear mechanism are each composed of a wet multi-plate clutch that is coupled while causing slippage, so that a necessary torque capacity can be secured. In addition, it is necessary to use a relatively large piston and a built-in piston that applies axial force to the wet multi-plate clutch, so a large space must be secured for each forward clutch and reverse brake. There is a problem that the necessity arises and the forward / reverse rotation switching device is enlarged.

  In addition, since it is necessary to form a passage for supplying hydraulic pressure in the casing, there is also a problem that it takes a lot of work to process.

  An object of the present invention is to reduce the size and facilitate the processing of a forward / reverse rotation switching device that switches between a forward rotation and a reverse rotation for transmission to an output shaft.

  In order to solve the above problems, in the present invention, a planetary gear mechanism is provided between an input shaft that is rotationally driven in one direction and an output shaft, and the output shaft is made the same as the input shaft by rotation control of the planetary gear mechanism. In the forward / reverse rotation switching device that rotates in the reverse direction or the reverse direction, the planetary gear mechanism includes a sun gear provided on the input shaft, a ring gear provided coaxially with the sun gear, and a first pinion meshing with the sun gear. A second pinion that meshes with both the first pinion and the teeth formed on the inner periphery of the ring gear, and the second pinion and the first pinion that are provided on the output shaft and rotatably support the second pinion. A drum disposed between the housing and the output shaft, and the drum and a housing disposed outside the drum. Between the output shaft and the drum, and a reverse brake means for stopping and holding the ring gear by coupling the drum to the housing, and a first electromagnetic clutch for controlling the connection and release of the reverse brake means. Between the output shaft and the drum, and a second electromagnetic clutch for controlling engagement and disengagement of the forward rotation clutch, and the reverse brake means and A configuration is adopted in which each of the forward rotation clutches is a mechanical clutch that is coupled by engagement of an engagement element.

  In the forward / reverse rotation switching device having the above-described configuration, the forward rotation clutch is engaged with the input shaft rotating in one direction (forward rotation) to couple the drum and the output shaft, and the reverse brake means is also coupled. In the released state, the first pinion and the second pinion are restricted from rotating and revolving, the sun gear and the carrier rotate together, and the output shaft rotates in the same direction as the input shaft.

  In addition, when the reverse rotation brake means is coupled with the input shaft rotating in the forward direction and the forward rotation clutch is disengaged, the ring gear is fixed, so that the rotation of the sun gear is transmitted from the first pinion to the second pinion. The first pinion and the second pinion rotate and revolve, the carrier that rotatably supports the first pinion and the second pinion rotates in the opposite direction to the sun gear, and the output shaft is in the opposite direction to the input shaft. Rotate to.

  In the forward / reverse rotation switching device according to the present invention, the mechanical clutch may be a two-way roller clutch having a roller as an engagement element, or may be a sprag type two-way clutch having a sprag as an engagement element. .

  When a two-way roller clutch is used for the reverse brake means, a plurality of flat surfaces in which both ends in the circumferential direction form a narrow wedge-shaped space between the outer periphery of the drum and a cylindrical surface formed on the inner periphery of the housing. A cam surface provided between the cam surface and the cylindrical surface and a retainer for holding the engagement member, and the engagement member is disposed between the retainer and the drum. A switch spring for elastically holding the cage is provided at a neutral position where the engagement is released from both the cylindrical surface and the cylindrical surface.

  When the two-way roller clutch as described above is employed as the reverse brake means, the first electromagnetic clutch for controlling the connection and release of the reverse brake means is prevented from rotating by the cage and is axially It is possible to employ an armature that is movably supported and an electromagnet that is fixed to the inner diameter surface of the housing and faces the armature in the axial direction and attracts the armature by energization.

  When a two-way roller clutch is used as the forward rotation clutch, a cylindrical surface is formed on one of the outer periphery of the output shaft and the inner periphery of the drum, and both ends in the circumferential direction are formed between the cylindrical surface on the other side. Is provided with a plurality of flat cam surfaces that form a narrow wedge-shaped space, and an engaging member composed of a roller and a retainer for holding the engaging member are incorporated between the cam surface and the cylindrical surface. And a switch spring for elastically holding the cage in a neutral position where the engaging element is disengaged from both the cam surface and the cylindrical surface.

  As the second electromagnetic clutch for controlling the engagement and disengagement of the two-way roller clutch as described above, the armature that is supported by the retainer and movably in the axial direction, and the drum or output shaft A rotor that is attached to the armature and that faces the armature in the axial direction, and an electromagnet that faces the rotor in the axial direction and attracts the armature to the rotor when energized can be used.

  As described above, in the present invention, the reverse brake means for coupling and releasing the coupling between the drum and the housing, and the mechanical clutch such as a two-way roller clutch as the forward rotation clutch for coupling and releasing the coupling between the drum and the output shaft. Because this mechanical clutch is mechanically coupled, the torque capacity is larger and smaller than the wet multi-plate clutch, and the forward / reverse rotation switching device is reduced in size and weight. Can do.

  Further, since the engagement and disengagement of the mechanical clutch are controlled by the electromagnetic clutch, it is not necessary to process a hydraulic pressure supply passage in the housing, and the processing can be facilitated.

  Furthermore, by adopting an electromagnetic clutch composed of an armature and an electromagnet as an electromagnetic clutch that controls a mechanical clutch as a reverse braking means, the magnetomotive force generated by the electromagnet can be effectively applied to the armature, and the electromagnet is small. Things can be adopted.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the input shaft 1 and the output shaft 2 are arranged coaxially with the shaft ends facing each other, and the input shaft 1 rotates between the input shaft 1 and the output shaft 2. A planetary gear mechanism 10 for transmitting to the output shaft is provided.

  The planetary gear mechanism 10 includes a sun gear 11 fixed to the input shaft 1, a ring gear 12 provided coaxially with the sun gear 11, a first pinion 13 that meshes with the sun gear 11, the first pinion 13, and the above-described The second pinion 14 meshes with each of the teeth 12a formed on the inner periphery of the ring gear 12, and the carrier 15 rotatably supports the second pinion 14 and the first pinion 13 respectively.

  An inward flange 16 is formed at one end of the ring gear 12, and a drum 17 that covers the shaft end portion of the output shaft 2 is provided on the inner diameter portion of the flange 16.

  A bearing 19 is assembled between the drum 17 and the housing 18 that covers the drum 17, and the ring gear 12 is rotatably supported by the bearing 19.

  The carrier 15 is integrated with the end portion of the large-diameter cam ring portion 2 a provided at the shaft end portion of the output shaft 2, and the output shaft 2 and the ring gear 12 are disposed relative to each other between the cam ring portion 2 a and the drum 17. In particular, a bearing 20 that is rotatably supported is incorporated.

  Between the drum 17 and the housing 18, a reverse brake means 30 for coupling and releasing the drum 17 to and from the housing 18, and a first electromagnetic clutch 40 for controlling the connection and release of the reverse brake means 30, Is incorporated.

  On the other hand, between the drum 17 and the output shaft 2, the forward rotation clutch 50 that couples and uncouples the drum 17 and the output shaft 2, and a first clutch that controls engagement and disengagement of the forward rotation clutch 50. Two electromagnetic clutches 60 are incorporated.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the reverse brake means 30 is a two-way roller clutch. The two-way roller clutch as the reverse brake means 30 has a cylindrical surface 31 formed on the inner periphery of the housing 18, and the outer periphery of the large-diameter portion 17 a formed on the drum 17 is between the cylindrical surface 31 and the circumferential direction. A plurality of flat cam surfaces 32 forming narrow wedge-shaped spaces at both ends are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and an engagement member 33 made of a roller is incorporated between each cam surface 32 and the cylindrical surface 31. A goblet 33 is held by a cage 34.

  A spring accommodating recess 35 is formed on the end surface of the large-diameter portion 17 a of the drum 17, a C-shaped switch spring 36 is incorporated in the spring accommodating recess 35, and a pair of engagements provided at both ends of the switch spring 36. The piece 36a is inserted from a notch 37 formed on the end surface of the large diameter portion 17a into a notch 38 provided at the end of the retainer 34, and the pair of engaging pieces 36a are formed between the notch 37 and the notch 38. The retainer 34 is elastically held in a neutral position where the engagement element 33 is disengaged from the cylindrical surface 31 and the cam surface 32 by the action of pressing the opposite side surfaces in the circumferential direction.

  The first electromagnetic clutch 40 includes an armature 41 disposed to face the end face of the cage 34 and an electromagnet 42 disposed to face the armature 41. The armature 41 is provided with an engagement hole 45. A projecting piece 44 formed on the end surface of the retainer 34 is engaged with the joint hole 45, and the armature 41 is prevented from rotating with respect to the retainer 34 by the engagement of the projecting piece 44 and the engaging hole 45, and the shaft It can be moved in any direction.

  The electromagnet 42 includes an electromagnetic coil 42a and a core 42b that supports the electromagnetic coil 42a. The core 42b is fixed to the housing 18 and directly attracts the armature 41 by energizing the electromagnetic coil 42a. Reference numeral 46 denotes a separation spring incorporated between the electromagnet 42 and the armature 41.

  The forward clutch 50 is a two-way roller clutch. The two-way roller clutch as a forward rotation clutch has a cylindrical surface 51 formed on the inner periphery of the drum 17, and the outer periphery of the output shaft 2 has a wedge-shaped space whose both ends in the circumferential direction are narrow with the cylindrical surface 51. A plurality of flat cam surfaces 52 to be formed are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and an engaging element 53 made of a roller is incorporated between each cam surface 52 and the cylindrical surface 51, and the engaging elements 53 are held by a cage 54. ing.

  Further, a spring accommodating recess 55 is formed on the end face of the cam ring portion 2a, a C-shaped switch spring 56 is incorporated in the spring accommodating recess 55, and a pair of engaging pieces 56a provided at both ends of the switch spring 56 are cam ring. It inserts into the notch part 58 provided in the edge part of the holder | retainer 54 from the notch 57 formed in the end surface of the part 2a, and the pair of engaging piece 56a opposes the notch 57 and the notch part 58 in the circumferential direction. The retainer 54 is elastically held in a neutral position where the engagement element 53 is disengaged from the cylindrical surface 51 and the cam surface 52 by the action of pressing the side surfaces in opposite directions.

  The second electromagnetic clutch 60 includes an armature 61 disposed to face the end surface of the cage 54, a rotor 62 disposed to face the armature 61, and an electromagnet 63 disposed to face the rotor 62. Is formed with an engagement hole 65, and a protrusion 64 formed on the end surface of the retainer 54 is engaged with the engagement hole 65, and the engagement of the protrusion 64 and the engagement hole 65 causes the armature 61 to be It is prevented from rotating with respect to the retainer 54 and is movable in the axial direction.

  The rotor 62 is press-fitted into the inner diameter surface of the drum 17, and a separation spring 66 that presses the armature 61 away from the rotor 62 is incorporated between the rotor 62 and the armature 61.

  The electromagnet 63 includes an electromagnetic coil 63a and a core 63b that supports the electromagnetic coil 63a. The core 63b is supported by the core support plate 47 so that the armature 61 is attracted to the rotor 62 by energization of the electromagnetic coil 63a. I have to.

  The forward / reverse rotation switching device shown in the embodiment has the above-described configuration, and the input shaft 1 is indicated by the arrow in FIG. 3 with the reverse brake means 30 released and the forward clutch 50 disengaged. When driven to rotate in the direction shown (one direction), the rotation is transmitted from the sun gear 11 to the first pinion 13 and the second pinion 14 and from the second pinion 14 to the ring gear 12.

  As a result, the ring gear 12 decelerates and rotates in the direction of the arrow in the figure, while the first pinion 13 and the second pinion 14 rotate (spin) at a fixed position and do not revolve, and the carrier 15 does not rotate. 2 is in a stopped state.

  When the input shaft 1 is rotationally driven in one direction, when the electromagnet 63 of the second electromagnetic clutch 60 is energized, the armature 61 is attracted to the rotor 62 as shown in FIG. Due to the adsorption, the armature 61 is coupled to the drum 17, so that the armature 61 rotates together with the drum 17.

  At this time, since the armature 61 is prevented from rotating by the retainer 54 of the forward rotation clutch 50, the retainer 54 also rotates together with the drum 17, and the retainer 54 and the output shaft 2 rotate relative to each other.

  By the relative rotation, the engaging element 53 engages with the cylindrical surface 51 and the cam surface 52, and the drum 17 and the output shaft 2 are coupled via the forward rotation clutch 50.

  As described above, when the drum 17 and the output shaft 2 are coupled, the first pinion 13 and the second pinion 14 are regulated in both rotation and revolution, and the sun gear 11 and the ring gear 12 are in directions indicated by arrows in FIG. Will rotate together. Further, since the rotation of the ring gear 12 is transmitted to the output shaft 2 via the forward rotation clutch 50, the output shaft 2 rotates in the same direction as the input shaft 1.

  Here, when the cage 54 and the output shaft 2 rotate relative to each other, the switch spring 56 is elastically deformed. For this reason, when the energization of the electromagnet 63 is released and the armature 61 is released, the retainer 54 is rotated by the restoring elasticity of the switch spring 56, and the engaging element 53 is engaged with the cylindrical surface 51 and the cam surface 52. Returning to the neutral position to be released, the forward rotation clutch 50 is disengaged.

  As a result, rotation transmission from the input shaft 1 to the output shaft 2 is interrupted, and the output shaft 2 stops.

  Next, when the input shaft 1 is rotationally driven in one direction and the electromagnet 42 of the first electromagnetic clutch 40 is energized, the armature 41 is attracted to the electromagnet 42 as shown in FIG. As a result of the adsorption, the armature 41 is coupled to the housing 18, so that the armature 41 is held in a stopped state.

  At this time, since the armature 41 is prevented from rotating by the retainer 34 of the reverse brake means 30, the retainer 34 is also held in a stopped state, and the drum 17 and the retainer 34 rotate relative to each other.

  By the relative rotation, the engaging element 33 engages with the cylindrical surface 31 and the cam surface 32, the drum 17 and the housing 18 are coupled via the reverse braking means 30, and the ring gear 12 is stopped.

  Due to the stop of the ring gear 12, the rotation of the sun gear 11 is transmitted to the first pinion 13 and the second pinion 14, and the first pinion 13 and the second pinion 14 rotate in the direction indicated by the arrows in FIG. As a result of the revolution, the carrier 15 decelerates and rotates in the direction opposite to that of the input shaft 1 as indicated by the arrow in FIG.

  Here, when the drum 17 and the cage 34 rotate relative to each other, the switch spring 36 is elastically deformed. Therefore, when the energization of the electromagnet 42 is released and the armature 41 is released, the retainer 34 is rotated by the restoring elasticity of the switch spring 36, and the engaging element 33 is engaged with the cylindrical surface 31 and the cam surface 32. Returning to the neutral position to be released, the reverse brake means 30 is disengaged.

  As a result, rotation transmission from the input shaft 1 to the output shaft 2 is interrupted, and the output shaft 2 stops.

  As described above, in the rotation state of the input shaft 1, the output shaft 2 can be rotated in the same direction as the input shaft 1 by engaging the forward clutch 50 and releasing the reverse brake means 30. In addition, the output shaft 2 can be decelerated and rotated in the reverse direction to the input shaft 1 by coupling the reverse brake means 30 and disengaging the forward clutch 50.

  Here, the reverse brake means 30 for coupling and uncoupling the drum 17 to and from the housing 18 and the clutch 50 for coupling and uncoupling the drum 17 to and from the output shaft 2 are mechanical type clutches composed of two-way roller clutches. Compared with a forward / reverse rotation switching device, which is smaller but has a larger torque capacity than a wet multi-plate clutch and controls the rotation direction of the output shaft with a wet multi-plate clutch. The size of the apparatus can be reduced.

  Further, since each of the reverse brake means 30 and the forward clutch 50 is controlled by the first electromagnetic clutch 40 and the second electromagnetic clutch 60, it is necessary to process the housing 18 with a passage for supplying hydraulic pressure. Therefore, the processing can be facilitated.

  Furthermore, since the first electromagnetic clutch 40 that controls the reverse brake means 30 is configured to directly attract the armature 41 by energizing the electromagnet 42, the magnetomotive force generated by the electromagnet 42 can be efficiently applied to the armature 41. The electromagnet 42 can be small.

  In the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the cylindrical surface 51 of the forward rotation clutch 50 is formed on the inner periphery of the drum 17 and the cam surface 52 is provided on the outer periphery of the output shaft 2. A cylindrical surface may be formed on the outer periphery, and a cam surface may be provided on the inner periphery of the drum 17. In this case, a switch spring 56 is incorporated between the drum 17 and the retainer 54 so that the rotor 62 is attached to the output shaft 2.

Vertical front view showing an embodiment of a forward / reverse rotation switching device according to the present invention Sectional view along the line II-II in FIG. Sectional view along line III-III in FIG. Sectional drawing which expands and shows the assembly part of the brake means for reverse rotation of FIG. 1, and the clutch for forward rotation Sectional drawing which shows the engagement state of a 2nd electromagnetic latch The figure which shows the rotation state of the planetary gear mechanism in the engagement state of the forward rotation clutch. Sectional drawing which shows the engagement state of a 1st electromagnetic latch The figure which shows the rotation state of the planetary gear mechanism in the combined state of the brake means for reverse rotation

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Input shaft 2 Output shaft 10 Planetary gear mechanism 11 Sun gear 12 Ring gear 12a Teeth 13 First pinion 14 Second pinion 15 Carrier 17 Drum 18 Housing 30 Reverse rotation brake means 31 Cylindrical surface 32 Cam surface 33 Engagement element (roller)
34 Cage 36 Switch spring 40 First electromagnetic clutch 41 Armature 42 Electromagnet 50 Forward rotation clutch 51 Cylindrical surface 52 Cam surface 53 Engagement element (roller)
54 Cage 56 Switch Spring 60 Second Electromagnetic Clutch 61 Armature 62 Rotor 63 Electromagnet

Claims (3)

In a forward / reverse rotation switching device in which a planetary gear mechanism is provided between an input shaft that is rotationally driven in one direction and an output shaft, and the output shaft is rotated in the same direction or in the opposite direction to the input shaft by rotation control of the planetary gear mechanism. ,
The planetary gear mechanism is formed on a sun gear provided on the input shaft, a ring gear provided coaxially with the sun gear, a first pinion meshing with the sun gear, and an inner periphery of the first pinion and the ring gear. A second pinion that meshes with both of the teeth and a carrier that is provided on the output shaft and rotatably supports each of the second pinion and the first pinion. A drum disposed between the output shaft and the drum is integrally provided. Between the drum and a housing provided outside the drum, a reverse brake means for stopping the ring gear by coupling the drum to the housing and the reverse rotation thereof. And a first electromagnetic clutch for controlling the coupling and decoupling of the brake means for connecting the output shaft and the drum between the output shaft and the drum. And a forward rotation clutch for releasing the coupling and a second electromagnetic clutch for controlling the engagement and release of the forward rotation clutch, and the reverse brake means and the forward rotation clutch are engaged by the engagement of the engagement element. A forward / reverse rotation switching device comprising a mechanical clutch to be coupled.   The reversing brake means is provided with a plurality of flat cam surfaces on the outer periphery of the drum that form a wedge-shaped space whose both ends in the circumferential direction are narrow with the cylindrical surface formed on the inner periphery of the housing; A roller and a retainer for holding the roller are incorporated between the cam surface and the cylindrical surface, and the roller is disengaged from both the cam surface and the cylindrical surface between the retainer and the drum. A first electromagnetic clutch comprising a two-way roller clutch provided with a switch spring for elastically holding the cage in a neutral position, the first electromagnetic clutch for controlling the coupling and decoupling of the reverse brake means being prevented from rotating by the cage; The armature supported so as to be movable in the axial direction, and an electromagnet attached to the inner surface of the housing, facing the armature in the axial direction, and attracting the armature by energization. Forward and reverse rotation switching device.   The forward rotation clutch forms a cylindrical surface on one of the outer periphery of the output shaft and the inner periphery of the drum, and forms a narrow wedge-shaped space with both ends in the circumferential direction between the other and the cylindrical surface. A plurality of flat cam surfaces are provided, a roller and a retainer for holding the roller are incorporated between the cam surface and the cylindrical surface, and the roller is disposed between the retainer and the output shaft or drum. And a two-way roller clutch provided with a switch spring that elastically holds the cage in a neutral position where the engagement is released from both the cylindrical surface and the second clutch for controlling the engagement and disengagement of the forward rotation clutch. An armature of which the electromagnetic clutch is prevented from rotating by the cage and supported so as to be movable in the axial direction, a rotor attached to the drum or the output shaft and facing the armature in the axial direction, and the rotor and the axial direction Opposed, forward and reverse rotation switching device according to claim 1 consisting of an electromagnet for attracting the armature to the rotor by energizing.

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