JP2007186909A

JP2007186909A - Earth structure

Info

Publication number: JP2007186909A
Application number: JP2006005985A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Roger A Bloomfield; ブルームフィールド、ロガー・エイ; Peter L Anderson; アンダーソン、ピーター・エル
Original assignee: Terre Armee Internationale
Current assignee: Terre Armee Internationale
Priority date: 2006-01-13
Filing date: 2006-01-13
Publication date: 2007-07-26
Anticipated expiration: 2026-01-13
Also published as: JP5041574B2

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a reinforced earth structure, and a face panel low in cost and simple in structure. <P>SOLUTION: The earth structure has an external cladding and a plurality of slender earth reinforcing members protruding from the external cladding into the earth. The external cladding is formed of a plurality of the rectangular face panels 2 each having a width longer than a height, and the face panels 2 are arranged side by side in a manner of being shifted from each other in the vertical direction. Further each face panel 2 has anchor ledges 16 attached to the rear surface thereof at locations that are vertically spaced away from the upper edge 6 and the lower edge 8 thereof which are connected to the earth reinforcing members. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、土構造物とそのような構造物の外装パネルに関する。 The present invention relates to a soil structure and an exterior panel of such a structure.

公知の補強された土構造物においては、構造物の表面から土中に突き出た複数の細長い補強材により土が補強される。このような構造物において、土は、帯又は格子形状の補強材との摩擦接触により土全体が補強される。一般に、この構造物の外装は帯又は格子の端部につながったコンクリートパネルにより形成される。 In known reinforced earth structures, the earth is reinforced by a plurality of elongated reinforcements protruding from the surface of the structure into the earth. In such a structure, the entire soil is reinforced by frictional contact with a band or lattice-shaped reinforcing material. Generally, the exterior of this structure is formed by a concrete panel connected to the end of a strip or grid.

特公昭４８−１１６０１（ＧＢ１３２４６８６）（図２〜７参照）によれば、一般に十字形を組み合わせて外装を形成するコンクリートパネルが知られている。
特公昭４８−１１６０１ According to Japanese Patent Publication No. 48-11601 (GB1324686) (see FIGS. 2 to 7), a concrete panel is generally known that forms an exterior by combining crosses.
JP-B 48-11601

これらは技術的には非常に良好で成功しているが、形が入り組んでおり多少高価であり、構造物によっては安価な外装パネルが望ましい。さらに十字形を組み合わせた配列として外装パネル面が現れ、これがパネル面に特徴的な外形を見せるので、周囲条件によっては、前から見てもっと単純な外装パネルが望ましいこともある。 They are technically very good and successful, but they are complicated and somewhat expensive, and for some structures an inexpensive exterior panel is desirable. Furthermore, since the exterior panel surface appears as an array combining crosses, and this shows a characteristic external shape on the panel surface, a simpler exterior panel may be desirable when viewed from the front depending on the ambient conditions.

長方形及び正方形の外装パネルもまたＧＢ-Ａ-１３２４６８６（図８〜１１及び２９〜３１参照）に開示されている。しかしながら、開示された構成は全ての周囲条件において理想的というわけではない。 Rectangular and square exterior panels are also disclosed in GB-A-13234686 (see FIGS. 8-11 and 29-31). However, the disclosed configuration is not ideal in all ambient conditions.

本発明の１つの特徴によれば、外装と外装から土中に突き出た複数の細長い補強部材とを有する土構造物が提供され、この外装は、高さより幅のほうが大きい長方形の複数の外装パネルからなり、この外装パネルは、垂直方向にずれを持たせてお互いに側方に隣接させたパネルにより構成され、さらに、この外装パネルは、パネルの上端部及び下端部から垂直に間隔を置いて外装パネルの裏面に取り付けたそれぞれのアンカーレッジにより、土補強部材とつながれている。 According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a soil structure having an exterior and a plurality of elongated reinforcing members protruding from the exterior into the soil, wherein the exterior is a plurality of rectangular exterior panels having a width greater than the height. This exterior panel is composed of panels that are laterally adjacent to each other with a deviation in the vertical direction, and further, this exterior panel is vertically spaced from the upper and lower ends of the panel. Each anchorage attached to the back surface of the exterior panel is connected to the earth reinforcing member.

長方形の外装パネルと同じ面積を覆う正方形の外装パネルはかなりの高さを有する。同じ数の土補強部材にたいして、長方形のパネルより正方形のパネルのほうが間隔を要する。土補強部材に対するアンカーレッジの間隔がこのように広がることにより、強度の弱い部分ができ、パネルの厚さを増やすことによりその部分を補強することが必要となる。しかし、このことよりコンクリートのような必要材料の量が増え、コストが増えることになる。加えて、パネルの重量が増えることにより、パネル製造工場と土構造物の建設現場との間の輸送費が増えることになる。重量が増えることは外装パネルが建設中扱いにくくなるという影響も与える。 A square outer panel covering the same area as a rectangular outer panel has a considerable height. Square panels require more space than rectangular panels for the same number of soil reinforcement members. As the distance between the anchor ledges relative to the soil reinforcing member is increased in this way, a weak portion is formed, and it is necessary to reinforce that portion by increasing the thickness of the panel. However, this increases the amount of necessary materials such as concrete and increases the cost. In addition, the increase in the weight of the panel increases the transportation cost between the panel manufacturing plant and the construction site of the earth structure. The increase in weight also has the effect that the exterior panels become difficult to handle during construction.

土補強部材を置く所定の領域に対して、本発明に係る長方形の外装パネルは正方形又は十字形のパネルより大きな側方向への幅を有している。従って各パネルはより広い面をカバーする。従ってプレファブして取り扱うべき単位面積当たりの外装パネルの数が少なくなり、あらかじめ製造しておくためのコストを減らすことができる。建設時においても各パネルが広い範囲をカバーするので生産性が向上する。 The rectangular exterior panel according to the present invention has a larger lateral width than the square or cross-shaped panel with respect to a predetermined region where the earth reinforcing member is placed. Each panel therefore covers a wider area. Accordingly, the number of exterior panels per unit area to be prefabricated and handled can be reduced, and the cost for manufacturing in advance can be reduced. Even during construction, productivity is improved because each panel covers a wide area.

さらに、正方形の外装パネルと同じ高さで２倍の幅を持つ長方形のパネルを用いることにより所定の面積に対してパネル間のジョイントの長さを削減することができる。例えば、１．５ｍ × １．５ｍの正方形のパネルを高さが１．５ｍで幅が３ｍの長方形のパネルと比較すると、垂直ジョイントの長さは、長方形のパネルでは１ｍ／ｍ^２であり、正方形のパネルでは１．３３ｍ／ｍ^２である。埋め戻し用の細かい砂がもれるのを防ぐためジョイントの後にジオテキスタイル繊維のような結合材を用いるのが一般的なので、ジョイントの長さを削減することは、結合材の量ひいてはコストを削減することになる。 Furthermore, the length of the joint between panels can be reduced with respect to a predetermined area by using the rectangular panel which is the same height as a square exterior panel and has a double width. For example, comparing a 1.5 m × 1.5 m square panel with a 1.5 m high and 3 m wide rectangular panel, the length of the vertical joint is 1 m / m ² for the rectangular panel, For a square panel, it is 1.33 m / m ² . Since it is common to use a binder such as geotextile fiber after the joint to prevent the backfill fine sand from leaking, reducing the length of the joint reduces the amount of binder and thus the cost. It will be.

一般に、本発明に係る長方形の外装パネルは垂直な「列」構成とするので、側方に隣接する外装パネルの列との間で連続する垂直な接合部の線が生じる。このことは、隣接する外装パネル間での不等沈下を許容することを意味するので、亀裂を生じさせる恐れのある隣接するパネル同士の組み合わせがない点で有利である。 In general, the rectangular exterior panels according to the present invention have a vertical “row” configuration, which results in a continuous line of vertical joints between the laterally adjacent exterior panel rows. This means that uneven settlement between adjacent exterior panels is allowed, which is advantageous in that there is no combination of adjacent panels that may cause cracks.

複数の列、好ましくは２列になった外装パネルの各々に対してアンカーレッジを用いることが好ましい。 It is preferable to use an anchorage for each of a plurality of rows, preferably two rows of exterior panels.

本発明のもう１つの特徴によれば、構造物の表面から土中に突き出た複数の細長い補強部材を有する土構造物のための外装パネルが提供され、この外装パネルは高さより幅のほうが大きい長方形であり、そしてこの外装パネルは補強部材用の複数のアンカーレッジを具備し、アンカーレッジは、外装パネルの裏側に外装パネルの上端部と下端部に平行に間隔を置いて２列に取り付けられる。 According to another feature of the present invention, an exterior panel is provided for a soil structure having a plurality of elongated reinforcing members protruding into the soil from the surface of the structure, the exterior panel having a width greater than a height. The exterior panel is provided with a plurality of anchor ledges for reinforcing members, and the anchor ledges are attached to the back side of the exterior panel in two rows with a space parallel to the upper and lower ends of the exterior panel. .

アンカーレッジを２列に取り付けた長方形の外装パネルを用いることにより、土補強部材を使うことにより発生する張力がうまく分散する。３列以上のアンカーレッジを用いると、面の後ろの異なった深さに土補強部材からの異なった張力が加わることにより、外装パネルの張力の配分に問題を生じさせる可能性がある。同じ外装パネルに取り付けられた２列の補強部材間の高さの差は比較的小さいので、比較的均等な負荷がパネルに加わり、土圧力によりパネルに亀裂が入る恐れを最小限にする。 By using rectangular exterior panels with anchor ledges attached in two rows, the tension generated by using the soil reinforcing member is well dispersed. When more than two rows of anchorage are used, different tensions from the soil reinforcement member are applied at different depths behind the surface, which can cause problems in the distribution of tension in the exterior panel. Since the difference in height between the two rows of reinforcing members attached to the same exterior panel is relatively small, a relatively even load is applied to the panel, minimizing the risk of cracking the panel due to earth pressure.

各アンカーレッジはそれぞれの外装パネルに埋め込まれ後方に突き出た部材からなり、このようなアンカーレッジ部材の各々は、他のアンカーレッジ部材から切り離されて個々に取り付けられることが好ましい。このことは、ひとつのアンカーレッジ部材が２つの垂直に置かれた土補強部材の接合点に用意されるＧＢ１３２４６８６の図７に示された十字形のパネルとは対照的である。従って、本発明の好ましい構成において、パネルを製造する前の型枠においてアンカーレッジの位置を変更することができる。 Each anchor ledge is composed of a member embedded in a respective exterior panel and protruding rearward, and each of such anchor ledge members is preferably attached separately from the other anchor ledge members. This is in contrast to the cross-shaped panel shown in FIG. 7 of GB 1234686 where one anchorage member is provided at the junction of two vertically placed soil reinforcement members. Accordingly, in a preferred configuration of the present invention, the position of the anchor ledge can be changed in the mold before the panel is manufactured.

外装パネルは、パネルの幅方向にわたって凸部を設けた上端部と、パネルの幅方向にわたって凸部を設けた下端部を有し、さらに、前方から見たとき、それぞれのパネルの上端部の凸部が上部外装パネルの下端部の凸部と重なり合うように外装パネルを構成することが好ましい。上端部と下端部の凸部との嵌合により建設時のアラインメントを助け、隣接するパネル間の隙間を最小限にする。 The exterior panel has an upper end portion provided with a convex portion in the width direction of the panel and a lower end portion provided with a convex portion in the width direction of the panel. Further, when viewed from the front, the outer panel has a convex portion at the upper end portion of each panel. It is preferable to configure the exterior panel so that the portion overlaps the convex portion at the lower end of the upper exterior panel. The fitting between the top and bottom projections helps with construction alignment and minimizes the gap between adjacent panels.

外装パネルの側端部は、パネルの高さ方向にわたって凸部を有し、前方から見たとき、それぞれのパネルの側端部の凸部が側方に隣接するパネルの側端部の凸部と重なり合うように外装パネルを構成することが好ましい。下端部と上端部との間に水平に接合部が延びているので、側端部の凸部同士の嵌合によりパネル間の垂直な接合部の隙間を狭くする。 The side edge of the exterior panel has a protrusion over the height direction of the panel, and when viewed from the front, the protrusion at the side edge of each panel is adjacent to the side. It is preferable to configure the exterior panel so as to overlap. Since the joint portion extends horizontally between the lower end portion and the upper end portion, the gap between the vertical joint portions between the panels is narrowed by fitting the convex portions at the side end portions.

本発明の好ましい実施の形態の長方形のパネルは、道路のインターチェンジにおけるアクセスランプの壁の建設に特に適合させたものである。このような壁は長くまっすぐであり、長手方向の形状は平坦で穏やかであり、一般に平らな地面に建設される。しかし、本発明の外装パネルは、土の機械的強度の補強についての一般的な技術分野で用いることができる。 The rectangular panels of the preferred embodiment of the present invention are particularly adapted to the construction of access ramp walls in road interchanges. Such walls are long and straight, their longitudinal shape is flat and gentle, and are generally built on a flat ground. However, the exterior panel of the present invention can be used in the general technical field of reinforcing the mechanical strength of soil.

十字形のパネルではなく単純な長方形のパネルを使うことにより、成形済みパネルを簡単な形にすることができる。さらに、本発明の他の特徴によれば、２つの高さが半分のパネルを同時に形成させるよう、一般的な全高さのパネル用の型枠を適用することができる。側方に隣接するパネルが互いに垂直方向に段差を設けて構成されるよう、全高さのパネルと交互に外装パネルの第１列に高さが半分のパネルを用いる。本発明の他の特徴によれば、工事に必要な場合、別の大きさの長方形のパネルに適合させることのできる型枠を提供することが可能となる。 By using a simple rectangular panel rather than a cross-shaped panel, the molded panel can be simplified. Furthermore, according to another aspect of the present invention, a general full-height panel formwork can be applied so that two half-height panels are formed simultaneously. A panel having a half height is used in the first row of the exterior panels alternately with the full-height panel so that the panels adjacent to the side are formed with steps in the vertical direction. According to another aspect of the invention, it is possible to provide a formwork that can be adapted to a rectangular panel of a different size when required for construction.

したがって、本発明の他の特徴によれば、機械的強度を補強した土構造物の表面を形成する実質的に長方形の外装パネルを作るための型枠が提供され、この型枠は、異なった大きさの外装パネルを作ることができるよう少なくとも１つの側部部材の位置が調整可能な４つの側部部材を具備する。 Thus, according to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a form for making a substantially rectangular exterior panel that forms a surface of a soil structure with enhanced mechanical strength, the form being different. There are four side members whose position of at least one side member can be adjusted so that a sized exterior panel can be made.

調整可能な側部部材は、例えば、複数の位置に固定することができるように２つの対向する側部部材にその端部が取り外し可能なように例えばボルトで取り付けるよう構成することもできる。あるいは又は付加的に、複数の位置で固定できるように、例えばボルトでベースに取り外し可能なように取り付けることもできる。この調整可能な側部部材は、２つの対向する側部部材のそれぞれの内向きの面の長さ方向間に延びていて、調整可能な側部部材の位置が、その長さ方向とは実質的に垂直な方向に調整可能とすることが好ましい。 The adjustable side member can be configured to be attached to, for example, bolts so that the end portions can be removed, for example, so as to be fixed at a plurality of positions. Alternatively or additionally, it can be removably attached to the base, for example with bolts, so that it can be fixed in a plurality of positions. The adjustable side member extends between the lengthwise directions of the respective inward surfaces of the two opposing side members, the position of the adjustable side member being substantially different from the lengthwise direction. It is preferable to be able to adjust the vertical direction.

この型枠が同時に２つの外装パネルを形成することができるように、５番目の側部部材を用意することが好ましく、この５番目の側部部材は２つの対向する側部部材と平行にそれらの間に置かれる。この５番目の側部部材の位置も調整可能に、すなわち複数の位置に例えばボルトにより固定することが好ましい。このように、４つの側部部材を用いて全高さのパネルを作ることができ、同じ型枠を用いて高さが半分のパネルを２つ作るために、調整可能な側部部材を反対側の側部部材から５番目の側部部材の幅分だけ動かし、調整可能な側部部材とその反対側の側部部材との中間に５番目の側部部材を挿入してもよい。 A fifth side member is preferably provided so that the formwork can form two exterior panels simultaneously, and the fifth side member is parallel to two opposing side members. Between. It is preferable that the position of the fifth side member can be adjusted, that is, fixed to a plurality of positions by, for example, bolts. In this way, a full-height panel can be made using four side members, and the adjustable side member is placed on the opposite side to make two half-height panels using the same formwork The fifth side member may be inserted midway between the adjustable side member and the opposite side member by moving the side member by the width of the fifth side member.

本発明の更なる特徴によれば、ここで説明したような調整可能な側部部材を有する型枠を用いることにより機械的強度を補強した土構造物の外面を形成するための実質的に長方形の外装パネルを作る方法が提供される。この方法は、異なった大きさのパネルを作るために同じ型枠を用いることもできる。好ましい方法では、全高さのパネルと高さが半分のパネルとが作られる。 According to a further feature of the present invention, a substantially rectangular shape for forming the outer surface of the earth structure with enhanced mechanical strength by using a formwork having adjustable side members as described herein. A method of making an exterior panel is provided. This method can also use the same formwork to make panels of different sizes. In a preferred method, full height panels and half height panels are made.

土補強部材を置く所定の領域に対して、本発明に係る長方形の外装パネルは正方形又は十字形のパネルより大きな側方向への幅を有している。従って各パネルはより広い面をカバーする。それにより、プレファブして取り扱うべき単位面積当たりの外装パネルの数が少なくなり、あらかじめ製造しておくためのコストを減らすことができる。建設時においても各パネルが広い範囲をカバーするので生産性が向上する。 The rectangular exterior panel according to the present invention has a larger lateral width than the square or cross-shaped panel with respect to a predetermined region where the earth reinforcing member is placed. Each panel therefore covers a wider area. Thereby, the number of exterior panels per unit area to be prefabricated and handled can be reduced, and the cost for manufacturing in advance can be reduced. Even during construction, productivity is improved because each panel covers a wide area.

一般に、本発明に係る長方形の外装パネルは垂直な「列」構成とするので、側方に隣接する外装パネルの列との間で連続する垂直な接合部の線が生じる。このことは、隣接する外装パネル間での不等沈下を許容することになり、亀裂を生じさせる恐れのある隣接するパネル同士の組み合わせがない点で有利である。 In general, the rectangular exterior panels according to the present invention have a vertical “row” configuration, which results in a continuous line of vertical joints between the laterally adjacent exterior panel rows. This is advantageous in that non-uniform settlement between adjacent exterior panels is allowed, and there is no combination of adjacent panels that may cause cracks.

本発明の好ましい実施の形態は、実施例と添付図を参照することにより説明する。 Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the examples and the accompanying drawings.

前面から見た外装パネル２が図１に示されている。このパネルには対向する２つの側端部４と上端部６と下端部８とがある。側端部４の場合はパネルの全高さにわたって、上端部６と下端部８の場合はパネルの全幅にわたって、突き出た凸部１０を形成する部分がある。図１の外装パネルの左側にみられる側端部４の凸部１０は、パネルの前面１２の側にあり、上端部６に沿う凸部１０は、同様に、パネルの前面１２の側にある。右側の側端部４の凸部１０はパネル裏面の側にあり、下端部８に沿う凸部１０も同じ側にある。それぞれの場合、側端部４においてはパネルの全高さにわたるくぼみ部１４を、上端部６と下端部８においてはパネルの全幅にわたるくぼみ部１４を、凸部が定める。従って、各端部において、対応する側方向又は垂直方向に隣接するパネルの凸部及びくぼみ部からなる構成と嵌合させるための、凸部及びくぼみ部からなる構成ができている。実際には、それぞれの凸部及びくぼみ部からなる構成により相互に重なった接合部ができる。 The exterior panel 2 viewed from the front is shown in FIG. This panel has two side end portions 4, an upper end portion 6 and a lower end portion 8 which face each other. In the case of the side end portion 4, there is a portion that forms the protruding convex portion 10 over the entire height of the panel, and in the case of the upper end portion 6 and the lower end portion 8, the entire width of the panel. The convex part 10 of the side edge part 4 seen on the left side of the exterior panel of FIG. 1 is on the front surface 12 side of the panel, and the convex part 10 along the upper end part 6 is also on the front surface 12 side of the panel. . The convex portion 10 of the right side end portion 4 is on the panel back surface side, and the convex portion 10 along the lower end portion 8 is also on the same side. In each case, the convex portion defines the indentation portion 14 extending over the entire height of the panel at the side end portion 4 and the indentation portion 14 extending over the entire width of the panel at the upper end portion 6 and the lower end portion 8. Accordingly, each end portion has a configuration including a convex portion and a concave portion for fitting with a configuration including the convex portion and the concave portion of the panel adjacent to each other in the corresponding side direction or the vertical direction. In practice, a joint portion that overlaps each other can be formed by the configuration composed of the respective convex portions and concave portions.

土補強部材１８の付属品として水平に２列のアンカーレッジ１６を有する外装パネルが用いられる。各列に３個ずつの６個のアンカーレッジ１６が使われている。 As an accessory of the earth reinforcing member 18, an exterior panel having two rows of anchorage 16 is used. Six anchor ledges 16, three in each row, are used.

図２は、互いに組み立てた複数の外装パネル２を補強部材１８の後ろから見た状態を示す。垂直方向に隣接するパネルとの間に、先に説明したような凸部及びくぼみ部からなる構成で嵌合させた水平な接合部２０が形成されている。コンクリートとコンクリートとの直接接触を避けるためにラバー製の支持ブロック２２が水平な接合部２０に置かれている。側方に隣接する外装パネル２との間に垂直な接合部２４が形成されている。水平な接合部と垂直な接合部の後にはジオテキスタイルフィルター布２６が設けられ、補強部材から排水が可能なようにする一方、埋め戻した土の微細粒子が流れ出ないようにしている。図２から、外装パネルの最下段は、全高さのパネル２と高さが半分のパネル２８とを交互に並べた構成となっていることが分かるであろう。これにより、側方に隣接する外装パネルはお互いに垂直方向にずれが生じる結果となり、パネルの「列」の水平な接合部は隣同士で垂直な方向に段差ができることとなる。垂直な接合部は構造物の垂直高さ方向に連続しているので、列と列との間での垂直方向の不等沈下が許容される。 FIG. 2 shows a state in which the plurality of exterior panels 2 assembled with each other are viewed from the back of the reinforcing member 18. Between the panels adjacent in the vertical direction, a horizontal joint portion 20 is formed that is fitted in the configuration including the convex portion and the recessed portion as described above. A rubber support block 22 is placed at the horizontal joint 20 to avoid direct contact between the concrete and the concrete. A vertical joint 24 is formed between the exterior panel 2 adjacent to the side. A geotextile filter cloth 26 is provided after the horizontal joint and the vertical joint so as to allow drainage from the reinforcing member while preventing fine particles of the backfilled soil from flowing out. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the lowermost panel of the exterior panel has a configuration in which the full height panel 2 and the half height panel 28 are alternately arranged. As a result, the laterally adjacent exterior panels are displaced in the vertical direction from each other, and the horizontal joints of the “columns” of the panels are stepped in the vertical direction next to each other. Since the vertical joints are continuous in the vertical height direction of the structure, unequal settling in the vertical direction between rows is allowed.

図３は、パネル内に結合片３０の形状のアンカーレッジを埋め込んだ外装パネル２の部分断面を示している。その裏面に、アンカーレッジ３０が垂直方向に間隔を置いて取り付けられ、その各々にはボルト・ナット構成３２を受け入れる垂直方向の穴があけられている。部材をアンカーレッジ３０及びそれにより外装パネルに固定させるためにボルトを垂直に通す穴を前端部にあけた土補強部材３４が取り付けられている。 FIG. 3 shows a partial cross section of the exterior panel 2 in which an anchorage having the shape of the coupling piece 30 is embedded in the panel. On the back side, anchor ledges 30 are vertically spaced and each has a vertical hole for receiving a bolt and nut arrangement 32. In order to fix the member to the anchor ledge 30 and thereby the exterior panel, a soil reinforcing member 34 having a hole through which a bolt passes vertically is attached at the front end.

図４は、対向する２つの側方部材４２を有する型枠４０を示し、各部材４２は、外装パネルの両側の端部のそれぞれに形成させるための輪郭を形作った面４３を内側に有する。型枠４０はまた対向して２つの側方部材４４及び４６を有し、これらはパネルの上端及び下端のそれぞれに形成させるための輪郭を形作った面４５及び４７を内側に有する。側方部材４２はベース部材４８とボルト５０で固定され（図５参照）、側方部材４４及び４６は、その両端に、側方部材４２とボルト５２で固定されるエンドプレートが取り付けられている（図７参照）。このエンドプレートにはボルト５２を通す穴６４が設けられている。各エンドプレート６２の内表面にはナットが溶接されており、このナットにはボルト５２のオスねじを受けるメスねじが切られている。 FIG. 4 shows a mold 40 having two side members 42 facing each other, and each member 42 has a surface 43 on the inside which forms a contour to be formed at each of both end portions of the exterior panel. The mold 40 also has two side members 44 and 46 facing each other, which have inwardly contoured surfaces 45 and 47 for forming at the upper and lower ends of the panel, respectively. The side member 42 is fixed to the base member 48 and the bolt 50 (see FIG. 5), and the side members 44 and 46 are attached to both ends thereof by end plates fixed to the side member 42 and the bolt 52. (See FIG. 7). The end plate is provided with a hole 64 through which the bolt 52 passes. A nut is welded to the inner surface of each end plate 62, and a female screw that receives the male screw of the bolt 52 is cut on the nut.

両側の側方部材４２には全長にわたって複数の穴５４が設けられているので、側方部材４４及び４６を複数の異なった位置でボルトにより固定することができる。高さＨの大きなパネルを作るために第１の位置に置いた側方部材４６を図４に示し、Ｈより小さい高さのパネルを作るために第２の位置に置いた場合を図８に示す。 Since the side members 42 on both sides are provided with a plurality of holes 54 over the entire length, the side members 44 and 46 can be fixed with bolts at a plurality of different positions. A side member 46 placed in a first position to make a panel with a large height H is shown in FIG. 4, and the case of placing it in a second position to make a panel with a height less than H is shown in FIG. Show.

図９は追加した部材５６すなわち５番目の側方部材を設けた型枠を示す。5番目の側方部材には、背中合わせに１組の形成面がある点で側方部材４４及び４６と異なる。すなわち、面５７は型枠内で作る第１のパネルの下端部を形成するためのものであり、面５８は型枠内で作る第２のパネルの上端部を形成するためのものである。側方部材４６について図７に示したものと同様に、この５番目の側方部材はその両端で側方部材４２とボルト５２で固定される。 FIG. 9 shows a formwork provided with an additional member 56, a fifth side member. The fifth side member differs from the side members 44 and 46 in that there is a pair of forming surfaces back to back. That is, the surface 57 is for forming the lower end of the first panel made in the mold, and the surface 58 is for forming the upper end of the second panel made in the mold. As with the side member 46 shown in FIG. 7, the fifth side member is fixed by the side member 42 and bolts 52 at both ends thereof.

図９に示した構成において、高さＨのパネルを作る図４に示した構成と比較すると、側方部材４６の位置は、５番目の側方部材５６の幅分だけ側方部材４４から離れている。これにより、それぞれ０．５Ｈの高さを持つ２つのパネルを同時に作ることが可能となる。 In the configuration shown in FIG. 9, the position of the side member 46 is separated from the side member 44 by the width of the fifth side member 56 as compared to the configuration shown in FIG. ing. This makes it possible to simultaneously produce two panels each having a height of 0.5H.

外装パネルの正面図であるIt is a front view of an exterior panel 複数の外装パネルを一緒に組み立てた正面図であるIt is the front view which assembled several exterior panels together アンカーレッジ部材、及びアンカーレッジ部材と土補強部材との結合を示す外装パネルの部分断面図であるIt is a fragmentary sectional view of the exterior panel which shows the coupling | bonding of an anchorage member and an anchorage member and a soil reinforcement member. 外装パネルを作るための型枠の平面図であるIt is a top view of the formwork for making an exterior panel 図４のＶ−Ｖ断面図であるIt is VV sectional drawing of FIG. 図４のＶＩ−ＶＩ断面図であるIt is VI-VI sectional drawing of FIG. 図４のＶＩＩ−ＶＩＩ拡大断面図であるIt is VII-VII expanded sectional drawing of FIG. 異なった大きさのパネルを作るために調整した図４の型枠の平面図であるFIG. 5 is a plan view of the formwork of FIG. 4 adjusted to make panels of different sizes. ２つのパネルを作るために５番目の側部部材を付加した図４の型枠の平面図であるFIG. 5 is a plan view of the formwork of FIG. 4 with a fifth side member added to create two panels. 図９のＸ−Ｘ拡大断面図であるIt is XX expanded sectional drawing of FIG. 図９の円で囲った部分を拡大した斜視図であるIt is the perspective view which expanded the part enclosed with the circle | round | yen of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

２外装パネル
４側端部
６上端部
８下端部
１０凸部
１４くぼみ部
１６アンカーレッジ
１８土補強部材
２０水平な接合部
２２支持ブロック
２４垂直な接合
２６ジオテキスタイルフィルター布
４０型枠
４２，４４，４６側方部材
４８ベース部材
５６５番目の側方部材 2 exterior panel 4 side edge part 6 upper edge part 8 lower edge part 10 convex part 14 hollow part 16 anchor ledge 18 earth reinforcement member 20 horizontal joint part 22 support block 24 vertical joint 26 geotextile filter cloth 40 mold frames 42, 44, 46 Side member 48 Base member 56 Fifth side member

Claims

A soil structure having an exterior and a plurality of elongated soil reinforcing members protruding into the soil from the exterior, wherein the exterior is composed of a plurality of rectangular exterior panels whose width is larger than the height, It is composed of panels that are laterally adjacent to each other with a deviation in the vertical direction, and the exterior panel is attached to the back surface of the exterior panel at a distance from the upper and lower ends of the panel in the vertical direction. The earth structure is connected to the earth reinforcing member by an anchor ledge.

2. The earth structure according to claim 1, wherein the anchor ledge is attached to each exterior panel in only two rows.

2. Each anchor ledge is composed of a member embedded in a respective exterior panel and protruding rearward, and each of the anchor ledge members is separated from other anchor ledge members and attached individually. Or the earth structure of 2.

The exterior panel has an upper end portion provided with a convex portion across the width direction of the panel, and a lower end portion provided with a convex portion across the width direction of the panel, and when the exterior panel is viewed from the front The earth structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the upper end portion of each panel is configured to overlap with the convex portion of the lower end portion of the exterior panel thereon.

The side edge part of the exterior panel has a convex part over the height direction of the panel, and the exterior panel has a convex part of the side edge part of each panel adjacent to the side when viewed from the front. It is comprised so that it may overlap with the said convex part of a side edge part, The earth structure of any one of Claims 1-4 characterized by the above-mentioned.

An exterior panel of a soil structure having a plurality of elongated soil reinforcement members protruding from the exterior into the soil, wherein the exterior panel is a rectangle having a width larger than a height, and the exterior panel further includes the reinforcement member A plurality of anchor ledges are provided, and the anchor ledges are attached to the back side of the exterior panel in two rows at intervals in parallel to the upper end portion and the lower end portion of the exterior panel.

7. Each anchor ledge includes a member embedded in an exterior panel and protruding rearward, and each anchor ledge member is attached separately from other anchor ledge members. Exterior panel.

The exterior panel according to claim 6 or 7, comprising an upper end portion provided with a convex portion across the width direction of the panel and a lower end portion provided with a convex portion along the width direction of the panel.

The exterior panel according to any one of claims 6 to 8, further comprising a side end portion having a convex portion over a height direction of the panel.

A formwork for forming a substantially rectangular exterior panel for forming a surface of a soil structure reinforced with mechanical strength, wherein the formwork can make exterior panels of different sizes. A formwork comprising four side members capable of adjusting the position of at least one side member.

The adjustable side member extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to the inward surface of each of the two opposing side members, and the position of the adjustable side member is the length of the member. The mold according to claim 10, wherein the mold can be adjusted in a direction substantially perpendicular to the vertical direction.

12. A fifth side member can be placed between and in parallel with two opposing side members so that two exterior panels can be formed simultaneously. Formwork.

A method for making a substantially rectangular exterior panel for forming a surface of a soil structure with enhanced mechanical strength using the mold according to any one of claims 10-12.