JP2007185699A - Welding head for spot welding, method and device of series spot welding using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make series spot welding of welding places which form a line in two direction possible only with automatic welding equipment. <P>SOLUTION: The purpose is attained by making the head into one equipping movable electrodes 2, 3, 4 which are moved back and forth by an advancing and retreating means 1 so that two electrodes form a line in two crossing directions X, Y and providing with a interval adjusting means for individually adjusting the interval XL between the movable electrodes 2, 3 forming a line in one direction X and the interval YL between the movable electrodes 2, 4 forming a line in the other direction Y. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention mainly includes a welding head suitable for forming a frame structure, a side frame structure, a roof structure, etc. of a railway vehicle by welding and joining a long structure material in which spot welding locations are arranged vertically and horizontally. The present invention relates to a series spot welding method and apparatus used.

  Spot welding is also performed on structures consisting of frame structures and outer plates that run vertically and horizontally, while the welding system is being changed to friction stir welding (FSW) and laser welding to manufacture various structures for railway vehicles. . In order to perform such spot welding automatically and efficiently, the traveling direction of the head moving base that can be guided by the rails on both sides of the jig that supports the welding object such as the structure material and self-runs. The welding head is supported so that the welding head can move in a direction perpendicular to the welding head, and the welding head moves in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction perpendicular to the welding object by moving the head moving base on the head moving base and moving on the head moving base. An automatic welding machine that performs spot welding sequentially on the welded portions is used (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

  Patent document 1 is supposed to be applied to such spot welding when performing indirect or series spot welding. However, the specific structure and operation of the welding head for series spot welding are not disclosed. However, in series spot welding, a pair of movable electrodes are pressed against the object to be welded simultaneously from one side and the current supplied from one movable electrode returns to the other movable electrode. The principle of passing through the alignment boundary corresponding to one movable electrode on the boundary surface from the electrode side and then passing through the alignment boundary corresponding to the other movable electrode toward the electrode side is utilized (see, for example, Patent Document 3). .) Note that the series spot welding described in Patent Document 3 provides a welding method in which a backup electrode, that is, a so-called fixed electrode is omitted, but a backup electrode is usually used.

The techniques described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a technique capable of manufacturing a jig having a fixed electrode for indirect or series spot welding at a low cost in a short time. However, the method of series spot welding is not disclosed. The present applicant employs the series spot welding as described in Patent Document 3 to manufacture the structures of railway vehicles using the automatic welding apparatus as known in Patent Documents 1 and 2. Specifically, two movable electrodes are mounted on the welding head of the automatic welding device side by side in the structure, and the welding head is positioned at the rafter arranged in the longitudinal direction of the structure by self-propelling the moving base. Each time it is moved, the welding head is moved in the lateral direction of the structure on the moving base, and two spot locations of the rafter and the outer plate at that position are sequentially subjected to series spot welding. Spot welding of a long girder facing the longitudinal direction of the structure and the outer plate is performed by a person operating a C-type portable welding machine a as shown in FIG. 8 suspended on another moving base. Each time the welding machine is moved to the position of each long girder arranged in the lateral direction and the angle is adjusted by operating the motor e, the long girder and the outer plate are disposed between the pair of fixed electrode b and movable electrode c provided therein. The welding locations lined up in the longitudinal direction of these structures are sandwiched by spot welding using a motor d or an air cylinder.
JP-A-8-71765 JP-A-9-323171 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-333569

  However, in the case of the C-type portable welding machine as described above, in order to spot weld the outer plate to all the long girders arranged in the lateral direction of the structure, both the structure from one side and the other side are used. In addition, the welding work in two different directions is required and the equipment becomes complicated and expensive, and spot welding uses a motor or air cylinder between the fixed electrode b and the movable electrode c for about 1000 kg. Therefore, the arms f and g equipped with the fixed electrode b and the movable electrode c of the portable welding machine a and the base h supporting the arms are large and difficult to handle. Therefore, the work of welding the fixed electrode b and the movable electrode c to a predetermined welding location in sequence at the same position and angle while moving this is troublesome, and productivity It has become lower manufacturing cost reduction neck.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a welding head for spot welding capable of series spot welding of welding points arranged in two directions only by an automatic welding apparatus, and a series spot welding method and apparatus using the same.

  In order to achieve the above object, the welding head of the present invention is equipped with movable electrodes that are advanced and retracted by advancing and retreating means so that two are arranged in two directions intersecting each other, and the movable electrodes are arranged in each direction. It is characterized in that an interval adjusting means for individually adjusting the intervals is provided.

  In such a configuration, when the welding head is moved in one direction, two movable electrodes arranged in the one direction are simultaneously pressed from one side to two overlapping welding locations arranged in one direction, and one of the movable electrodes is movable. Series spot welding can be performed at an adjusted interval by energizing the other movable electrode from one electrode, and when the welding head is moved in one direction, two movable electrodes arranged in this one direction are connected. It is possible to perform series spot welding at an adjusted interval by applying current from one movable electrode to the other movable electrode by simultaneously pressing two overlapping welds arranged in one direction at a time from one side.

As the movable electrodes, a pair of separate movable electrodes arranged in such a manner that two are separated from each other by a distance adjusting means in one direction as a boundary, and one movable electrode at a specific interval position of these separate movable electrode pairs On the other hand, the movable electrode arranged in one direction has a single movable electrode that is separated from and connected by the distance adjusting means.
Satisfying the condition that two movable electrodes are arranged in two directions intersecting the movable electrodes with only three movable electrodes, and the movable electrode pair is separated by the distance adjustment means with the reference position as a boundary. The series spot welding interval in one direction is adjusted, and the adjustment position is an equal position change from the invariable reference position. One direction for each subsequent welding position by simple position recognition in the control system The single movable electrode can adjust the distance by one of the distance adjusting means with respect to one of the separation / contact movable electrode pairs having a specific spacing position, and the adjustment position is the separation / contact movable electrode pair having the specific spacing position. With simple position recognition in the control system, which is a position change with reference to the position of the position, it is possible to perform positioning in one direction with respect to each subsequent welding position.

  Therefore, as a welding method using these welding heads, two spot electrodes that are arranged in one direction are advanced and simultaneously pressed against an object to be welded, and series spot welding is performed multiple times by moving in one direction. The crossing is characterized in that moving the movable electrodes aligned in one direction crossing in one direction and simultaneously pressing against the object to be welded in series spot welding is performed multiple times by moving in one direction. Either spot welded in two directions can be series spot welded by moving one welding head.

  As such a welding method, a long and long component material that is assembled so as to form the structure of a railway vehicle is suitable as a welding target, and the two directions are oriented in the vertical and horizontal directions of the component material. The directions are orthogonal.

  As a series spot welding apparatus that achieves such a welding method, a welding head as described above is supported so that it can be moved in one direction by a head moving base that can be self-propelled in one direction. The welding object on a jig that is assembled to form a structure is moved in the two directions, and two movable electrodes arranged in one direction are advanced and pressed against the welding object at the same time. The series spot welding is moved several times in one direction, the movable electrodes lined up in one direction are advanced and simultaneously pressed against the welding object, and the series spot welding is moved in one direction. It is characterized by comprising a control means for controlling to perform a plurality of times, and based on the control by the control means, the moving base having one welding head in the welding apparatus in one direction. Automatically for each welding point aligned in two directions, with positioning to each welding position by means of positioning and positioning to each welding position by moving the one welding head on the moving base in one direction. Can be series spot welded.

A plurality of transverse jig members arranged in one direction that have a backup electrode corresponding to a welding portion arranged in one direction of the welding object and that support the welding object oriented in one direction, and the welding object A plurality of vertical jig members arranged in one direction, having backup electrodes corresponding to the welding points arranged in one direction, oriented in one direction, penetrating and supported by the jig plate member In a further configuration, characterized by
Each of the horizontal jig member and the vertical jig member is a superposition of aggregates that run vertically and horizontally on the long and wide structures of the railway vehicle such as rafters and long girders on the roof structure of the railway vehicle, and outer plates that run vertically. It is possible to support joints without waste and to have a backup electrode corresponding to the welding location, and to make efficient use of the backup electrode for welding the outer plate and aggregate, and series spot welding between outer plates. Can be carried out well.

  According to the welding head for spot welding according to the present invention, two overlaps arranged in two directions are simply moved in one direction in which two movable electrodes are arranged and in one direction intersecting each other. Series spot welding can be performed at intervals adjusted for each welding location, improving workability and reducing production costs.

  Satisfying the condition that two movable electrodes are arranged in two directions with three movable electrodes, the welding head can be made simpler and less expensive, and the interval between the reference positions of the movable electrodes arranged in one direction is the boundary. Positioning of the movable electrode in two directions can be achieved by simply recognizing a uniform position change by adjustment and a position change by adjusting the distance of a single movable electrode with respect to one of the separated movable electrode pairs at a specific distance position. Easy and accurate.

  Therefore, by simply moving these welding heads in one direction and the other direction crossing this, it is possible to perform series spot welding at either of the welding points aligned in the two directions. A long and long component material that is assembled so as to form a structure is suitable as a welding target.

  Such series spot welding is based on the control by the control means, the positioning of the moving base having one welding head in the welding apparatus to each welding position by self-propelling in one direction, and the moving base. This can be achieved automatically for each welding point aligned in two directions, with the positioning at each welding position by moving the one welding head in one direction above.

  Overlay joints between aggregates that run vertically and horizontally and outer plates that run in the vertical direction of the long and wide structures of railway vehicles such as rafters and long girders in the roof structure of railway vehicles. Therefore, it is possible to carry out the series spot welding efficiently by having a backup electrode corresponding to the welded portion and supporting it.

  Embodiments according to the welding head of the present invention and the series spot welding method and apparatus using the same will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7 to provide an understanding of the present invention. However, the following description is a specific example of the present invention and does not limit the content of the claims.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the welding head 11 according to the present embodiment includes three movable electrodes 2, 3, 4, or 4 movable electrodes illustrated so as to be advanced and retracted by advancing and retracting means such as an air cylinder 1. Two crossing directions, in the illustrated example, two are arranged in the XY2 direction orthogonal to each other, and the movable electrodes 2, 3 arranged in each direction and the interval adjusting means 5 for individually adjusting the interval between the movable electrodes 2, 4, 6 is provided. As a result, when the welding head 11 is moved in one direction X, the two movable electrodes 2 and 3 aligned in the one direction X are replaced with 1 in the welding object 13 as shown in FIGS. The two overlapping welds x, x... Aligned in one direction X are simultaneously pressed from one side to the other movable electrode 3 by energizing from one movable electrode 2 to the adjusted interval XL by the interval adjusting means 5. When the welding head 11 is now moved in one direction Y, the two movable electrodes 2 and 4 arranged in the one direction Y are arranged in the one direction Y as shown in FIG. (B) The gap adjusting means is configured such that two overlapping welds y, y... In the welding object 13 as shown in FIG. 6 are simultaneously pressed from one side and energized from one movable electrode to the other movable electrode. 6 Ri in the adjusted interval YL can be series spot welding.

  As a result, one welding head 11 is moved in one direction X and one direction Y that intersect each other with two movable electrodes, specifically, movable electrodes 2, 3 and movable electrodes 2, 4 aligned. Only two overlap welding points x, x aligned in two directions X, Y and overlap welding points y, y are series spot welded at intervals XL, YL adjusted accordingly. Therefore, the workability is good and the productivity can be improved and the production cost can be reduced.

  In particular, the three movable electrodes 2, 3, and 4 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 are arranged in such a manner that two are separated from each other by the distance adjusting means 5 with respect to the reference position O in one direction X. 2 and 3, and a specific interval position of the pair of movable electrodes 2 and 3, in the illustrated example, the closest position shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, specifically, an air cylinder 1 that is an advance / retreat means thereof The movable electrodes 2 and 4 arranged in the one direction Y with respect to one movable electrode at a position where they come into contact with each other are combined with the single movable electrode 4 which is separated from and connected by the distance adjusting means 6. Only the movable electrodes 2, 3, and 4 satisfy the condition that two electrodes are arranged in two directions X and Y where they intersect. In addition, the pair of separation movable electrodes 2 and 3 adjusts the series spot welding interval XL in one direction X by the separation and contact in one direction X by the interval adjusting means 5 with the reference position O as a boundary, and the adjustment. The position is an equal position change from the invariant reference position, and simple position recognition in the control system 12 (FIG. 5) enables subsequent positioning in one direction X with respect to each welding position. The welding distance YL is adjusted by the distance adjusting means 6 with respect to one of the movable electrodes 2 of the separation / contact movable electrode pair 2 and 3 at a specific interval position, and the adjustment position is a separation / movability at a specific interval position. By simple position recognition in the control system 12, which is a position change based on the position of one of the movable electrodes 2 of the electrode pairs 2, 3, positioning in the current direction Y can be performed for each subsequent welding position.

  As a result, it is possible to make the welding head 11 simpler and less expensive by satisfying the condition that the two movable electrodes 2, 3, 4 are arranged in two directions X and Y, and one direction An equal position change by adjusting the distance XL with respect to the reference position O of the movable electrodes 2 and 3 aligned in X, and a single movable electrode 2 of the separation / contact movable electrode pair 2 and 3 having a specific distance position. Positioning of the movable electrodes 2, 3, and 4 in the two directions X and Y can be performed easily and accurately by simply recognizing the position of the movable electrode 4 by adjusting the distance YL.

  As a welding method using the welding head 11 as described above, the two movable electrodes 2 and 3 arranged in one direction X are advanced as shown by broken lines in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3B, the movable electrodes 2 and 4 arranged in the one direction Y intersecting the one direction X are indicated by a broken line. Advancing and simultaneously pressing a series spot weld on the object to be welded 13 is performed multiple times by moving in one direction Y, and the welding points x and x arranged in the two intersecting directions X and Y are intersected. .., Y, y... Can also be series spot welded by moving one welding head 11. Such a welding method is suitable for welding a long and long component material that is assembled so as to form a railway vehicle structure such as the roof structure 14 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. In this case, the two directions X and Y are orthogonal to each other in the vertical and horizontal directions of the constituent material.

  A series spot welding apparatus that achieves such a welding method can be moved in one direction Y by a head moving base 21 that can self-propell the welding head 11 in one direction X as shown in FIG. In such a manner, the welding object 13 on the jig 22 assembled so as to form a railway vehicle structure such as the roof structure 14 can be moved in both the two directions X and Y. Moving the two movable electrodes 2 and 3 arranged in one direction X as shown by the broken line in FIG. 3A and simultaneously pressing them against the welding object 13 for series spot welding moves in one direction X. A plurality of times are performed, and the movable electrodes 2 and 4 aligned in the one direction Y are advanced as shown by broken lines in FIG. Move to multiple It can be realized as having a control system 12 that performs control so as to perform, in the direction X of the moving base 21 having one welding head 11 in the welding apparatus, based on the control by the control system 12. Positioning to each welding position x, x... By the self-propelling and movement of the one welding head 11 on the moving base 21 in the current direction Y to each welding position y, y. With the positioning, series spot welding can be automatically performed at each welding point x, x..., Y, y.

  As a result, under the control of the control system 12, positioning of the moving base 21 having one welding head 11 in the welding apparatus to each welding position x, x. , Each welding location lined up in two directions X, Y with the positioning in each welding position y, y... By moving the one welding head 11 in the one direction Y on the moving base 21 This can be achieved automatically for x, x ..., y, y ....

  Here, as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 7, the jig 22 has a backup electrode 31 corresponding to the welding locations x, x,. A plurality of lateral jig members 32 for supporting the direction welding object 13 and a backup electrode 33 corresponding to the welding locations y, y,. And a plurality of vertical jig members 34 penetrating and supported by the horizontal jig member 32. Thereby, each of the horizontal jig member 32 and the vertical jig member 34 is a bone that runs vertically and horizontally in the long and wide structure of the railway vehicle such as the rafter 35 and the long girder 36 in the roof structure 14 shown in FIG. 6 of the railway vehicle. Supports the overlapping joints of the materials and the outer plates 37 running in the longitudinal direction without waste, and has backup electrodes 31 and 33 corresponding to the welding points x, x, y, y,. It is possible to efficiently perform welding between the outer plate 37 and an aggregate such as the rafter 35 and the long girder 36 and series spot welding between the outer plates 37 using the backup electrodes 31 and 33.

  As a result, the horizontal jig member 32 and the vertical jig member 34 run in the vertical and horizontal directions of the welding object 13 of the long and wide structure of the railway vehicle such as the rafter 35 and the long girder 36 in the roof structure 14 of the railway vehicle. In addition, it corresponds to the overlapped joint portion of the outer plates 37 that run in the vertical direction without waste, and also has backup electrodes 31 and 33 corresponding to the welding locations x, x... Y, y. Those series spot welding can be carried out efficiently.

More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the movable electrodes 2, 3, 4 mounted on the welding head 11 fix a box-shaped mounting base 41 to the upper end of their air cylinders 1, The movable bases 2 and 3 are supported by the mounting base 41 so as to be movable in the X direction via the LM guide 42 in the X direction, and the movable electrode 4 is supported so as to be movable in the Y direction via the LM guide 43 in the Y direction. ing. The movable electrodes 2 and 3 are screwed to the reverse screw portions 44a and 44b of the screw shaft 44 as the distance adjusting means 5 that supports the respective mounting base portions 41 and 41 so as to be able to rotate on the welding head 11, and one end of the screw shaft 44 is fitted. The movable electrodes 2 and 3 can be separated from each other with the reference position O as a boundary by the rotation operation by the handle 45 provided in the space 45 so that the distance can be adjusted. The movable electrode 4 is screwed to the threaded portion 46a of the screw shaft 46 as the distance adjusting means 6 that supports the mounting base 41 so that the mounting base 41 can be rotated to the welding head 11, and by rotating the handle 47 provided at one end of the screw shaft 46. A specific distance from the movable electrode 3, that is, the distance from the movable electrode 2 shown in FIG.
In order to reduce the distance between the movable electrodes 2 and 3 at the closest position as much as possible, the movable electrodes 2 and 3 are attached after setting the position where the air cylinders 1 are in contact as the closest position. The movable electrodes 2 and 3 are eccentric with respect to the piston rods 1a and 1a of the air cylinder 1 so that they are closer to each other. At the same time, the movable electrode 4 also has the movable electrode 2 and 3 where the air cylinder 1 is in contact with each other. The movable electrode 4 is eccentric to the side approaching the movable electrode 2 with respect to the piston rod 1 a of the cylinder 1. As a result, it is possible to cope with series spot welding for welding positions with relatively small pitches in the X direction and the Y direction.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the head moving base 21 has a gate-like form straddling the jig 22, and the traveling wheels 52 provided on both legs 21a on rails 51 laid on both sides of the jig 22. Under the control of the control system 12, it travels along the welding head 11 and moves in the Y direction and is positioned. The welding head 11 is supported by an upper and lower slider 59a on a moving body 59 that can move in the X direction along a rail 55 on a beam 54 between both leg portions 21a of the head moving base 21, and is controlled by the control system 12. Is moved in the X direction and positioned. The welding head 11 also responds to a change in the height of the welded portion of the welding object 13 by the vertical movement of the vertical slider 59a under the control of the control system 12, and further, by rotating around the shaft 61 on the vertical slider 59a. In response to the change in the orientation of the surface of the welded portion of the welding object 13, a posture facing at right angles is adopted. Series spot welding for the welding object 13 is performed by energizing between the movable electrodes 2, 3, 4, which are advanced by the air cylinder 1 and brought into contact with the welding object 13. Pressurization is performed by the air cylinder 1 so as to obtain a predetermined load.

  The horizontal jig member 32 of the jig 22 has a plate shape, and a backup electrode 31 is attached to the upper surface as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, and a pair of left and right groove rails 71 and 71 installed at a predetermined height are provided. It is fixedly attached to a predetermined position so that it can be attached / detached and adjusted by a metal fitting 72, and welded items x, x,... Arranged in the X direction between the rafter 35 and the outer plate 37 of the roof structure 14 can be received from the back side. I am doing so. Further, the vertical jig member 34 has a rail shape and has a backup electrode 33 attached to the upper surface thereof, and is held by penetrating through appropriate positions of support holes 32a formed at various positions of the horizontal jig member 32 as shown in FIG. It is fixed directly on the square pipe member 73 via the spacer 74 or not, and the welded portions y, y, and the long girder 36 of the roof structure 14 and the outer plate 37 or the outer plates 37 are arranged in the Y direction.・ It can be received from the back side.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be practically used for welding when manufacturing railcar structures, and can improve productivity and reduce manufacturing costs.

The principal part of the welding head of this Embodiment is shown, (a) is a front view, (b) is a bottom view. It is the perspective view seen from the bottom of the welding head of FIG. The whole welding head of Drawing 1 is shown, (a) is a front view and (b) is a side view. It is a top view of the welding head of FIG. It is a front view of the automatic welding apparatus provided with the welding head of FIG. It is a top view which removes an outer plate and shows the relation between a part of roof structure of a railroad car which is a specific example of a welding object, and a jig. It is a perspective view which shows the jig | tool of the automatic welding apparatus of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the portable welding machine used together with the conventional automatic welding apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

x, y welding location XL, YL interval O reference position 1 air cylinder 2, 3, 4 movable electrode 5, 6 interval adjusting means 11 welding head 12 control system 13 welding object 14 roof structure 21 head moving base 22 jig 31 , 33 Backup electrode 32 Horizontal jig member 34 Vertical jig member 35 Rafter 36 Long girder 37 Outer plate

Claims (6)

The movable electrodes that are moved forward and backward by the advancing / retreating means are arranged so that two movable electrodes are arranged in two directions intersecting each other, and interval adjusting means for individually adjusting the interval between the movable electrodes arranged in each direction is provided. Welding head for spot welding. The movable electrodes are arranged in such a way that two are separated from each other by a distance adjusting means in one direction, and one movable electrode at a specific interval position of the separated movable electrode pairs. The spot welding head according to claim 1, further comprising a single movable electrode in which the movable electrodes arranged in one direction are separated from each other by a distance adjusting means. Using the welding head according to any one of claims 1 and 2, moving two movable electrodes lined up in one direction and simultaneously pressing the object to be welded in series spot welding moves in one direction. It is possible to perform multiple spot movements in one direction by moving the movable electrodes lined up in one direction crossing in one direction and pressing it simultaneously against the object to be welded. Series spot welding method. The series spot welding method according to claim 3, wherein the welding object is a component assembled so as to form a structure of a railway vehicle. The welding head according to any one of claims 1 and 2 is supported so that it can be moved in one direction by a head moving base capable of self-propelling in one direction so as to form a structure of a railway vehicle. It is possible to move the welding object on the jig that is assembled in the two directions, and to advance two movable electrodes arranged in one direction and simultaneously press the welding object to carry out series spot welding. Move in one direction and perform multiple times, move the movable electrode lined up in one direction and press it against the object to be welded at the same time. A series spot welding apparatus comprising a control means for performing A plurality of transverse jig members arranged in one direction that have a backup electrode corresponding to a welding portion arranged in one direction of the welding object and that support the welding object oriented in one direction, and the welding object A plurality of vertical jig members arranged in one direction and having backup electrodes corresponding to the welding points arranged in one direction, extending in one direction and supported by the horizontal jig member. The jig used for the series spot welding apparatus according to claim 5.

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