JP2007174926A - Feed additive for eliminating mycotoxin - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a feed additive for eliminating mycotoxin effective for elimination of mycotoxin; to provide a method for reducing an amount of the mycotoxin falling in milk taken from milk cows through using the additive; and to provide a method for producing milk comprising using the additive or using the method. <P>SOLUTION: The feed additive for eliminating mycotoxin consists mainly of fossil coral. The fossil coral is obtained by heating reef-building coral, and pulverizing the heated reef-building coral to activate the coral. The method for producing milk comprises supplying the additive to milk cows. The method for reducing an amount of mycotoxin falling in milk taken from milk cows comprises giving the milk cows the feed to which the fossil coral obtained by heating reef-building coral and pulverizing the heated coral to activate the coral is added. The method for producing milk comprises the method for reducing an amount of mycotoxin. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a feed additive for removing mycotoxins and a method for reducing the amount of mycotoxins contained in milk collected from dairy cows.

  Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by molds and are a general term for compounds harmful to humans and animals, and more than 300 types are known [Non-patent Document 1]. Dairy cows have not been a problem so far because they decompose mycotoxins with rumen, but in recent years the milking ability of dairy cows has increased, and there are concerns about its effects. In other words, high-lactating cows are under control that is subject to stress, and nutritional status is at a physiological limit. In addition, since feed with high nutrition and high digestibility is being fed, the rumen passage speed is increased, and mycotoxins may flow into the lower digestive tract without being sufficiently decomposed [Non-patent Documents 1 and 2]. .

  Mycotoxin poisoning, in acute cases, presents with major symptoms of sudden diarrhea and liver dysfunction. Chronic ones are known to suffer from digestive disorders, acute mastitis, respiratory disease, and feed efficiency, reduced immunity and fertility, low weight and weak calf birth, reduced milk production, intermittent For cattle herds with reduced fertility due to diarrhea, miscarriage and weak estrus, mycotoxins should be suspected as one of the causes [Non-Patent Documents 1 to 9].

  Among mycotoxins, aflatoxin (hereinafter abbreviated as AF) is particularly considered to be the strongest carcinogen among natural substances, and there are 10 or more related compounds [Non-patent Documents 1 and 5]. In particular, AFB1, which is highly carcinogenic, is regulated in many countries in terms of acceptable concentrations in food and feed. AFB1 taken orally by dairy cows is metabolized in the liver to become aflatoxin M1 (hereinafter abbreviated as AFM1), and 0.9 to 1.7% is excreted in milk and about 20% is excreted in urine. Although AFM1 is about one-tenth of AFB1, it has strong carcinogenicity, and AFM1 excreted in the milk of dairy cows may be ingested by humans [Non-patent Documents 1 and 10].

Deoxynivalenol (hereinafter abbreviated as DON) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi and is also called bomitoxin (hemorrhagic toxin). Although there is no intense toxicity like AF, when this mycotoxin is produced, since there is a high possibility that other mycotoxins are also present, it is used as a marker for mycotoxins [Non-patent Documents 3 to 9].
Shunichi Udagawa, Setsuko Tabata, Mitsuo Nakazato, Yutaro Hosokai, Masao Matsumoto. 2002. Mycotoxin (Food Safety Seminar 5) Central Law Publishing. Tokyo Rearing and management (USA Midwest 4 Dairy Seminar 2002). 2002. Daily Japan. Tokyo Barney Harris, Jr. Charles R. Staples.The problems of Mycotoxins in dairy cattle rations.University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science Cooperative Extension Service. Battacone.G, Nudda. A. et al. Excretion of Aflatoxin M1 in milk of dairy ewes treated with different doses of aflatoxin B1. J. Dairy Sci. 86: 2667-2675 (2003) Edmond E. Creppy Update of survey, regulation nd toxic effects of mycotoxin in Europe.Toxicology Letters. 127: 19-28 (2002) Goef Smith. Occurrence of mycotoxins in dairy farms. Damage, prevention and treatment. NYS Academic Seminar 2004. Hoogenboom LAP, et al. Absorption, distribution and excretion of Aflatoxin-derived ammoniation products in lactating cows. Food. Addit. Cont. 18, 1: 47-58 (2001) Masateru Koiwa Occurrence of dairy cows suspected of mycotoxin poisoning. Mycotoxins. 54, 2: 107-112 (2004) Magda Carvajal, Adolfo Bolanos, et al. Aflatoxin M1 in Pasteurized and Ultrapasteurized milk with Different fat content in Mexico.J. Food Prot. 66, 10: 1885-1892 (2003) Magda Carvajal, Adolfo Bolanos, et al. Aflatoxin M1 in Pasteurized and Ultrapasteurized milk with Different fat content in Mexico.J. Food Prot. 66, 10: 1885-1892 (2003)

  Ideally, dairy cows should be fed a feed that does not contain any mycotoxins, but the production of mycotoxins depends greatly on the weather and the natural environment, and so far it is actually difficult [Non-Patent Documents 1 and 10]. As countermeasures for mycotoxins, methods such as removing the mold-generated part or adding a substance having a strong adsorptivity to mycotoxin to the feed to reduce the amount of absorption can be considered. The mycotoxin adsorbent is generally added to feed suspected of mycotoxin contamination for the purpose of reducing mycotoxin feed contamination. However, there is no established method for evaluating mycotoxin adsorbents, and it is expected that the effects of mycotoxin adsorbents will differ depending on the lactating ability, but no detailed report on this point is found.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a feed additive effective for removing mycotoxins and a method for reducing the amount of mycotoxins contained in milk collected from dairy cows using this additive. Furthermore, the objective of this invention is providing the manufacturing method of the milk using these additives or methods.

  The present inventors investigated the effects of mycotoxins on lactation ability, and at the same time, in order to know the difference between lactation ability and the effect of mycotoxin adsorbent, mycotoxins were added to the Holstein cattle herd mixed feed (TMR: Total Mixed Rations). Addition of adsorbent to compare the transition of rumen, urine, and milk mycotoxin concentrations in high and low milk cows, and as a result, fossil coral reduced mycotoxin concentration in milk. The present invention was completed by finding it effective.

The present invention for solving the above problems is as follows.
[1] A feed additive for removing mycotoxins containing fossil coral as a main component, wherein the fossil coral is obtained by heating, pulverizing and activating reef-building coral.
[2] The additive according to [1], which is used for feed for dairy cows.
[3] The additive according to [2], which is used for reducing the amount of mycotoxins contained in milk collected from dairy cows fed with feed.
[4] The additive according to [2] or [3], wherein the dairy cow is a dairy cow exhibiting a milk yield of 40 kg / day or more.
[5] The additive according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the mycotoxin is aflatoxin.
[6] A method for reducing the amount of mycotoxins contained in milk collected from the dairy cow, comprising feeding a dairy cow with a feed containing fossil corals obtained by heating, pulverizing and activating reef-building coral.
[7] The method according to [6], wherein the dairy cow is a dairy cow exhibiting a milk yield of 40 kg / day or more.
[8] The method according to [6] or [7], wherein fossil coral is given at 20 to 200 g / head per day.
[9] The method according to any one of [6] to [8], wherein the mycotoxin is aflatoxin.
[10] A method for producing milk, comprising supplying the additive according to any one of [1] to [5] to a cow.
[11] A method for producing milk using the method according to any one of [6] to [10].

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the additive and method effective in the mycotoxin density | concentration reduction in milk can be provided.

  The present invention is a feed additive for removing mycotoxins containing fossil coral as a main component, and the fossil coral is obtained by heating, pulverizing and activating reef-building coral.

  The fossil coral used in the present invention is obtained by heating, pulverizing and activating a reef-building coral, and specifically described in JP-A-7-70939. More specifically, the reef-building coral is collected and washed with water, and then the washed reef-building coral is heated, pulverized and activated. Land-based reef-building coral is a limestone block made up of coral reefs, and unlike coral in the sea, it does not contain salt and is ideal as a raw material for health promoting agents. The components differ somewhat depending on the place of origin, but the mineral composition contains various components such as calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, and silicon, most of which is calcium. Calcium accounts for about 40% of the total. The color of reef-building corals ranges from white to tan. Examples of such coral reef corals are Okinawa and the Yaeyama Islands.

  At the time of production, only high-quality ones from the raw skeleton and hemifossil group of reef-building coral mined from the mine are selected and taken out. This reef-building coral is not contaminated with fish bones, sea urchin stings, dead shellfish, etc., and therefore, it is not necessary to select them. Next, coral that has been crushed to a size (5 mm to 70 mm, the size varies depending on the size of the mill), which is the most efficient to be applied to a self-pulverizing mill, is fresh water (tap water has a bad smell and is not preferable) Wash with.

  After washing with water, the raw coral is sent to a dryer, dried to some extent to remove the adhering water, and then supplied to a self-pulverizing mill. A self-pulverizing mill is one in which raw corals of various sizes collide with each other and are gradually crushed from where they easily break. In order to increase the grinding efficiency, it is advisable to put steel balls of various sizes in the mill. In this pulverization step, hot air is sent into the mill to dry, sterilize and activate. The crystal form of reef-building coral on land is Araleite (Aragonite), and when it exceeds a certain temperature, it has the property of changing to calcite (Calcite), so the hot air temperature does not change the crystal form of this reef-building coral. It is desirable that the temperature be such that general bacteria and bacteria harmful to the human body can be killed. For example, as the hot air temperature, the maximum upper limit temperature is about 350 ° C., and the outlet temperature of the product is controlled to about 70 ° C. By doing so, each porous hole is also cleaned, sterilized and activated. Coral crushed by the mill is suctioned by a compressor and sorted by size and weight. The fossil coral used in the additive of the present invention preferably has an average particle shape in the range of 0.1 to 0.6 mm in view of ease of addition to the feed and the effect of removing mycotoxins.

  Table 1 shows the main components of the fossil coral produced in this way.

  As the fossilized coral, for example, those sold by Coral Corporation under the trade names “Ulcal” and “Donan” can be obtained.

The additive of the present invention is used for feed for removing mycotoxins, and examples of mycotoxins include aflatoxins. Moreover, it is preferable that the additive of this invention is used for the feed for cows. The feed for dairy cattle can be, for example, a TMR (Total Mixed Rations) fully formulated feed.
Furthermore, it is preferably used to reduce the amount of mycotoxins contained in milk collected from dairy cows fed with feed. In particular, dairy cows are dairy cows exhibiting a milk yield of 40 kg / day or more, preferably 40-60 kg / day. This is because, in dairy cows with a high milk yield, the effect of mycotoxins on dairy cows is large, and the mycotoxin amount by the additive of the present invention is greatly reduced.

  The present invention relates to a method for reducing the amount of mycotoxins contained in milk collected from the dairy cow, comprising feeding the dairy cow with a feed supplemented with fossil corals obtained by heating, crushing and activating reef-building coral Include.

  As described above, the dairy cow is preferably a dairy cow having a high milk yield showing a milk yield of 40 kg / day or more. The daily supply of fossil coral is suitably in the range of 20 to 200 g / head, for example. According to the method of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the content of aflatoxin in milk as mycotoxin.

  Furthermore, this invention relates to the manufacturing method of milk including supplying the additive of the said invention to the cow. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing milk using the method for reducing the amount of mycotoxins of the present invention. According to the method for producing milk of the present invention, milk with reduced mycotoxin content can be produced.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by way of examples.
Example 1
Comparison test items and method of mycotoxin adsorbent (Urucal) binding rate 20g of Mycotoxin adsorbent (Urucal) was weighed into a container using an electronic balance (EK-600H: A & D Co., Ltd.) and pH 7.4 50 ml of PBS was added and mixed well to make an adsorbent solution. 150 μl each of AFB 150 ppb, DON 3 ppm, and ZEN 600 ppb (NEOGEN CORPORRATION) were dispensed into the wells, and 150 μl of the adsorbent solution was dispensed therein and pipetted (this time was taken as the reaction start point). AFB ₁ , DON and ZEN concentrations were measured 1 hour and 2 hours after the reaction start point. AFB1, DON and ZEN concentrations were measured by the same measurement method as for mycotoxins in the feed.

  The AFB1, DON and ZEN concentrations after the reaction were calculated from the absorbance values using Log-Logit conversion. The binding rate of the adsorbent was compared by calculating the AFB1, DON and ZEN binding rates of the adsorbent from the concentrations after 1 hour and 2 hours after the concentration at the start of the reaction was 0%.

Example 2
Materials and Methods Test cattle The test cattle group is a free stall affiliated farm of the University that keeps 45 Holstein cows and adds high mycotoxin adsorbent to the TMR feed to produce high milk with a daily milk yield of 43-49 kg. Changes in ruminal fluid components of 5 cows (hereinafter abbreviated as HM group) and 5 cows with a low milk yield of 22 to 29 kg (hereinafter abbreviated as LM group), AFB1 and DON of ruminal fluid, urine Change of AFM1 concentration in milk and milk four times between April 11 and May 20, 2005 (1st period) (April 19, April 29, May 9, May 19) Sun), 4 times (July 13, July 23, August 2, August 12) from July 5 to August 14 (2nd period), a total of 8 comparisons.

  Tables 1 to 5 show the milk yield, production order, postpartum days, body weight, and BCS of the test cows at the 8 tests. The milk yield was 43 to 49 kg / day in the HM group and 22 to 29 kg / day in the LM group. The daily milk yield in the HM group was about 1.5 to 2.0 times that in the LM group. The order of delivery was 3-4 in the HM group and 1-2 in the LM group. Postpartum days were 60-94 days in the HM group and 175-279 days in the LM group. The body weight was 650 to 748 kg in the HM group, 619 to 775 kg in the LM group, and BCS was 2.56 to 3.05 in the HM group and 3.00 to 3.45 in the LM group. That is, the HM group was a dairy cow with 3 to 4 dairy cows with a low BCS during the lactation period, and the LM group was a young dairy cow with 1 to 2 born cows in the late lactation stage.

2. Mycotoxin adsorbent Mycotoxin adsorbent is a feed additive (hereinafter abbreviated as UC) that is mainly composed of porous fossilized coral with a high calcium content produced in Okinawa Prefecture, and has proven to be effective in adsorbing mycotoxins. is there. For the purpose of adsorbing mycotoxins, UC was 50 g / head / day for 20 days from April 21 to May 10, 2005, and UC was 50 g / head / day for 10 days from July 15 to 24. For 10 days from July 25 to August 3, 100 g / head / day was added to the TMR feed. Comparison of rum and LM components in the HM and LM groups with the addition of UC feed, AFB1 and DON in the rumen fluid, and AFM1 concentrations in urine and milk were not added (10 days)-UC added (10 to 20 days) )-It was conducted during the observation period without UC (10 days).

3. Test item and method 1) Determination of aflatoxin in milk Milk to be used for the test is aseptically collected from a 1-quadrant into a sterile test tube, and AFM1 in the milk is obtained by ELISA using whey obtained by cooling and centrifugation. It was measured. The actual amount of AFM1 in milk (ng / day) was calculated by multiplying the concentration of AFM1 in milk (ppt) by the amount of daily milk (kg).

2) Statistical processing Statistical processing was performed using the student-T test, and the test results of the HM and LM groups before and after the addition of UC were tested for significant differences.

Result 1. AFM1 concentration in milk
Table 3 shows the measurement results of the AFM1 concentration in the milk of the HM and LM groups with the addition of UC.
The AFM1 concentration in the milk of the HM group is 1.68 to 2.90 ppt when UC is not added in the first period, 1.07 to 3.07 ppt when UC is added, 2.94 to 3.55 ppt when UC is not added in the second period, and 1.86 when UC is added ~ 3.03ppt, LM group is 1.24 ~ 2.42ppt when UC is not added in 1st period, 1.71 ~ 3.19ppt when UC is added, 2.07 ~ 4.57ppt when UC is not added in 2nd period, 1.43 ~ 2.59ppt when UC is added There was a tendency for the AFM1 concentration in the HM group to be higher than in the LM group. In addition, there was a tendency for the AFM1 concentration in milk to decrease in both groups when UC was added in the second stage.

2. AFM1 actual amount in milk
Table 4 shows the calculation results of the actual amount of AFM1 in the milk of the HM group and the LM group with the addition of UC.
The actual amount of AFM1 in the milk of the HM group is 78.2 to 113.7 ng / day when UC is not added in the first period, 46.8 to 107.2 ng / day when UC is added, and 113.3 to 138.8 ng / day when UC is not added in the second period 72.5-124.3 ng / day when UC is added, LM group is 39.2-50.1 ng / day when UC is not added in the first period, 42.5-76.1 ng / day when UC is added, and when UC is not added in the second period 42.2 to 96.9 ng / day, and 22.2 to 53.6 ng / day when UC was added. The actual amount of AFM1 in milk in the HM group was always higher than that in the LM group, and a difference (p <0.05) was observed between the two groups after the addition of UC in the second stage.

  Mycotoxins are metabolites produced by mold and are known to adversely affect cattle health. This time, the mycotoxin adsorbent (UC) was added to the feed of feed (TMR) of 45 Holstein cattle from April to August 2005, and the high milk yield cattle (HM group: 43-49 kg / day) The transition of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) concentration in milk of 5 cases and 5 cases of low milk yield cows (LM group: 22-29 kg / day) was compared.

  The AFM1 in the HM group before the feed addition of UC and the actual amount of AFM1 in the milk are higher than those in the LM group, and after the addition of UC, both mycotoxin concentrations show a tendency to decrease in both groups, especially the actual amount of AFM1 in the milk The decline was significant. Moreover, since the mycotoxin density | concentration in the milk of HM group changed with the high value compared with LM group, it was guessed that the influence of mycotoxin contamination expresses strongly in HM group. UC has an effect of adsorbing mycotoxins, and the effect was more marked in HM (high milk yield cattle) than in LM (low milk yield cattle).

Claims (11)

A feed additive for removing mycotoxins containing a fossil coral as a main component, wherein the fossil coral is obtained by heating, pulverizing and activating a reef-building coral. The additive of Claim 1 used for the feed for dairy cows. The additive according to claim 2, which is used for reducing the amount of mycotoxins contained in milk collected from dairy cows fed with feed. The additive according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the dairy cow is a dairy cow exhibiting a milk amount of 40 kg / day or more. The additive according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mycotoxin is aflatoxin. A method for reducing the amount of mycotoxins contained in milk collected from the dairy cow, comprising feeding the dairy cow with a feed to which fossil coral obtained by heating, pulverizing and activating the reef-building coral is added. The method according to claim 6, wherein the dairy cow is a dairy cow exhibiting a milk yield of 40 kg / day or more. The method of Claim 6 or 7 which gives 20-200g / head of fossil coral per day. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the mycotoxin is aflatoxin. The manufacturing method of milk including supplying the additive of any one of Claims 1-5 to a cow. The manufacturing method of the milk using the method of any one of Claims 6-10.