JP2007169143A - Structure, porous body, sensor, and method for manufacturing structure, and method for detecting specimen - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new structure having a plurality of mesopores that can be applied as a functional device such as a biosensor and is suitable as a functional device. <P>SOLUTION: The structure having a plurality of mesopores has a dendritic framework and mesopores passing through the framework in the direction intersecting the longitudinal direction of the framework. The invention also provides a porous material, a sensor and a method for detecting a specimen by using the new structure. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a novel structure having a plurality of mesopores, a porous body, a sensor, a structure manufacturing method, and a specimen detection method.

  Conventionally, zeolite and silica gel are known as the porous body. Zeolite made of aluminosilicate has been put to practical use as an adsorbent, an ion exchange material, and further as a catalyst. This zeolite is crystalline and has a uniform pore size and excellent characteristics, but since the pore size is generally as small as about 1 nm or less, it cannot be used as an adsorbent for organic compounds having a pore size or larger. Silica gel has a larger pore size than zeolite, but its pore size distribution range is wide, and control of the structure is an issue.

  In such a background, a material called a mesoporous material has been developed which has a pore size larger than that of zeolite and a uniform pore size, and in which pores are regularly arranged.

The mesoporous material is manufactured using a surfactant, and SiO ₂ , TiO ₂ , ZrO _{2, and the} like have been reported as materials constituting the pore walls, that is, the skeleton of the porous body.

As the shape of the pore, a tube shape penetrating the skeleton or a spherical shape confined in the skeleton is known. As for the shape of the skeleton of the porous body, a granular shape having no branching portion as shown in FIG. 15 (Non-Patent Document 1) or a shape having a branched dendritic skeleton as shown in FIG. 2) has been reported.
Journal of American Chemical Society 126, 2004, 7440-7441 (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, 2004 7440-7441) Chemical Communication 1998, 2461-2462 (Chem. Commu., 1998, 2461-2462)

  As described above, although research has been actively conducted on mesoporous materials, there are only main structures described in Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 described above. Since these mesoporous materials can be applied to functional devices such as biosensors, it is strongly desired to provide a novel structure suitable as a functional device.

  The present inventor has intensively studied the structure control of a structure having mesopores, and as a result, has found that a new structure can be formed, and has reached the present invention.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a novel structure having mesopores.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a porous body, a sensor, and a specimen detection method using the novel structure.

  The structure according to the present invention provides a structure having a plurality of mesopores, having a dendritic skeleton, and having mesopores passing through the skeleton in a direction intersecting the longitudinal direction thereof. To do.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the structure which can be applied as a new functional material can be provided.

  For example, it is possible to provide a porous body suitable for a column or the like. Furthermore, when used as a sensor, it is possible to provide a sensor with higher sensitivity than before.

  An embodiment of a structure having mesopores according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  In FIG. 1, 12 is a dendritic skeleton, 13 is a mesopore of the skeleton, 14 is a hole wall of a mesopore constituting the skeleton, and 11 is a gap or a macropore between the skeletons. In the structure according to the present invention, the mesopores penetrate the skeleton part 12 in the direction 16 intersecting the longitudinal direction 15 as shown in FIG. 1 is an enlarged view of a part of the dendritic skeleton 12, and reference numeral B of FIG. 1 is an enlarged partial cross-section of another part of the dendritic skeleton 12. Yes.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the skeleton is branched to form a dendritic shape. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, a three-dimensional network shape is formed by branching of the skeleton. The term “dendritic” is a concept that includes not only a skeleton having a branched structure (simply having a branched structure) but also a three-dimensional network.

  Mesopores are pores having a pore diameter of 2 nm or more and 50 nm or less, and are defined in IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry). In IUPAC, pores having a pore diameter of less than 2 nm are defined as micropores, and pores having a pore diameter of greater than 50 nm are defined as macropores.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 shows an SEM photograph of the actual structure. In the figure, a dendritic skeleton portion 12 and a gap 11 between the skeletons are shown.

  As described above, in the structure according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the gap 11 having a macropore size between adjacent skeleton parts (the projected area from the direction of the gap 11 is larger than the area of a circle having a diameter larger than 50 nm). ) May be vacant. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 3, the skeleton part may have a macro hole 11 formed by repeating branching and connecting the skeleton parts to each other. The structure may be a particle or a film, but a particle is preferably used.

(Mesopore shape, hole diameter, length, arrangement)
The mesopores 13 in the present embodiment extend in a tube shape in a direction 16 across the longitudinal direction 15 of the skeleton 12 as shown in FIG. The intersecting direction 16 is, for example, a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction 15.

  In particular, 90% or more of the mesopores are preferably oriented in the orthogonal direction within a range that can be observed with an electron microscope (for example, 500 nm × 500 nm).

  The mesopores used in the present invention may be, for example, a shape in which the hole diameter monotonously increases from one opening to the other opening, or a shape in which the hole diameter changes discontinuously. Further, the mesopores themselves may have a shape that branches into a plurality on the way.

  The arrangement of mesopores used in the present invention is not limited to those in which mesopores are arranged at intersections of meshes as shown in FIG. 4, for example, and in which honeycombs are arranged in pores. It may be arranged.

  The mesopore diameter used in the present invention is 2 nm to 50 nm, more preferably 10 nm to 30 nm. Depending on the intended use of the structure according to the present invention, for example, when applied to a biosensor, it is preferably 10 nm or more so that biological substances such as antibodies can be introduced into mesopores. The thickness is preferably 30 nm or less from the viewpoint of stabilization of the three-dimensional structure of the substance. The hole diameter is a diameter if the sectional shape of the hole is a circle, and is the longest part in the case of a deformed circle such as an ellipse.

  The length of the mesopore is preferably 50 nm or more and 500 nm or less. From the viewpoint of use as a reaction field for a biosensor or the like, 50 nm to 300 nm is more preferable.

  Moreover, the space | interval of mesopores is about 1 nm-4 nm, for example. In addition, it is more preferable that the extending directions of a plurality of adjacent meso holes are aligned in the same direction.

  Here, a specific method of measuring the mesopore diameter will be described.

  For a structure having mesopores in a powder state, nitrogen gas adsorption / desorption measurement can be performed to obtain information on the pore diameter. Specifically, the pore size distribution is determined by the Berret-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method from the results of nitrogen gas adsorption measurement. The pore size distribution of the structure suitably used in the present invention shows a single maximum value, and in the pore size distribution, 60% or more of mesopores are included in a range having a width of 10 nm including the maximum value. . According to an example described later, for example, the pore diameters of 80% or more of the pores are included within a range within ± 5 nm from the maximum value, that is, within a range having a width of 10 nm including the maximum value. More preferably, 90% or more of the pores are included in a range having a width of 10 nm.

  Information on the periodicity of mesopores can be obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The structure according to the present embodiment has at least one diffraction peak in an angle region corresponding to a structure period of 1 nanometer or more in XRD measurement. This means that the mesopores are regularly arranged.

  Note that the gap between adjacent skeleton portions is preferably a macropore size gap, that is, larger than 50 nm, and more preferably 100 nm or more and 700 nm or less. In addition, the macropores formed by connecting the branched skeleton portions preferably have a pore diameter larger than 50 nm, more preferably 100 nm to 700 nm.

(Constituent materials)
As the material constituting the skeleton part 12, that is, the pore wall of the mesopore, used in the present invention, for example, an oxide such as silicon oxide, titanium oxide, or tin oxide is preferably used. Moreover, the hybrid material of an inorganic material (for example, silica) and an organic material (for example, benzene, ethylene) may be sufficient.

  In addition, a coating layer made of a silane coupling agent or the like can be provided on the inner wall of the mesopores, or an enzyme, antibody, DNA, or the like can be introduced and supported in the mesopores. For example, the surface of the pores (wall surface of the pores) can be modified with a silane coupling agent, or the surface of the mesopores can be modified using an aqueous solution of a metal salt containing a metal capable of forming an oxide.

(Method for manufacturing structure)
A method for manufacturing a structure having mesopores according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  First, a reaction solution containing an orientation control agent, a surfactant, and a substance that becomes a skeleton part of the structure is prepared.

  Next, the reaction solution is heated to 120 ° C. in the presence of a hydrolysis catalyst to form a structure containing a surfactant under hydrothermal synthesis conditions.

  Then, the surfactant is removed from the structure.

  Specifically, after adding a hydrolysis catalyst to a reaction solution containing a substance serving as a raw material of the skeleton part, a surfactant, and an alignment control agent, and stirring near room temperature, for example, in the range of several hours to several days, Causes a polycondensation reaction of the raw material. Next, the precipitate formed in the solution is collected, washed and dried. Then, the surfactant is removed from the precipitate. In this way, a structure having mesopores passing through the skeleton in a direction intersecting the longitudinal direction is obtained.

  The substance used as the raw material for the skeleton is a halide, a chalcogenide, a metal alkoxide, or the like. When the hole wall of the mesopore is formed of silicon oxide, tetraethoxysilane or tetramethoxysilane which is a metal alkoxide is preferably used.

  As the surfactant, a nonionic surfactant such as a block copolymer containing polyethylene oxide as a hydrophilic group is preferably used.

The orientation controlling agent may be an organic substance capable of orienting a surfactant so as to cross the longitudinal direction of the dendritic skeleton, for _{example, n-decane (C 10 H} 22) can be mentioned. The detailed mechanism of the orientation control agent used in the present invention is under investigation, but when the orientation of the surfactant is in the direction crossing the longitudinal direction of the skeleton, an entropically stable state is produced. It may be. By setting the reaction time to several hours to several days and the reaction temperature to 120 ° C., silicon oxide is laminated before becoming particles, or silicon oxide particles that are undergoing reaction are bonded together. It is estimated that it grows in a dendritic shape. The temperature of 120 ° C. is the atmospheric temperature of the furnace for heating the solution, but the solution is in a pressure-resistant container, and the temperature of the solution is substantially the same as the temperature of the atmosphere.

  The resulting dendritic structure precipitates in the solution and can be recovered using centrifugation. Then, the collected material is dried by natural drying or the like.

  A porous material can be obtained by removing the surfactant that forms micelles from the collected precipitate.

  The method for removing the surfactant is not particularly limited as long as the surfactant can be removed without destroying the pore structure. For example, there are a method of dissolving and removing the surfactant with a solvent, a method of extruding the surfactant from the pores by applying a supercritical fluid, and a method of oxidizing and removing using ozone.

  More preferably, a method of removing the surfactant by baking the structure in an oxygen-containing atmosphere is preferable. In this case, the surfactant can be removed with almost no destruction of the mesoporous structure by baking the structure in air at 550 ° C. for 5 hours.

  The firing temperature and time are appropriately selected depending on the material forming the pore walls or skeleton and the surfactant used.

  In addition, the biological material carrier can be manufactured by adding the following steps to the structure obtained by the above-described method.

  Specifically, the structure having the mesopores is put in a solution containing a biological material, and the biological material is adsorbed into the holes of the porous material by stirring. Moreover, in order to facilitate introduction of a biological material into the mesopores, a functional group (for example, an amino group or a carboxylic group) may be introduced into the pore surface (pore wall surface) of the mesopores. Thus, it is considered that the biological material easily enters the mesopores due to an electrical interaction between the functional group present on the surface of the pore wall and the biological material.

For example, there are a method of modifying the pore surface with a silane coupling agent and a method of modifying the pore surface using an aqueous solution of a metal salt containing a metal capable of forming an oxide. The silane coupling agent is a compound generally represented by a chemical formula of R—Si—X ₃ and has two or more different functional groups in the molecule. Said X is a site | part which can react with the porous body surface which consists of inorganic materials. For example, Sol-Gel Science, 1989, page 662, describes the case where the mesoporous material is silicon oxide. That is, the hydrogen of the silanol group present on the pore surface is replaced by the organosilicon group to form a Si—O—Si—R bond, and a layer of organic matter R is formed on the pore surface. X is a chloro group, an alkoxy group, an acetoxy group, an isopropenoxy group, an amino group, or the like. Of course, as long as it can react with the pore surface and form an R layer, a bifunctional or monofunctional coupling agent can be used even if X is not a trifunctional group. R is an organic group, such as an amino group, a carboxylic group, or a maleimide group.

  When the pore surface is modified using an aqueous solution of a metal salt containing an element capable of forming an oxide, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, tin or the like is used as an element capable of forming the oxide layer. Can do. For example, by treating mesoporous silica with an aqueous solution of zirconium oxynitrate, an oxide layer of zirconium can be formed on the surface.

  FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a structure in which a biological substance is supported in mesopores.

  The figure shows a state in which the biological material 23 is supported by being surrounded by the mesoporous wall 22. 21 is a skeleton part in FIG. When such a biological material carrier is used as a biosensor, as shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 5, a phenomenon is used in which the biological material 23 reacts with a substance 24 having specific binding properties.

  The present inventor has examined a structure suitable for a reaction field of an enzyme reaction or an antigen-antibody reaction, and has found that the structure according to the present invention is suitable as such a reaction field.

  Examples of biological materials used in the present invention include antibodies, antibody fragments, DNA, proteins, enzymes, and the like. Biological materials also include single strand DNA, fragments containing active sites such as Fab antibodies, and the like. The DNA fragment may be extracted from animals or plants or microorganisms and cut into a desired shape, or may be synthesized genetically or chemically.

  Examples of the substance 24 include antigens, antibody fragments, DNA, proteins, enzymes, and the like. For example, when the biological substance 23 is an antibody, the substance 24 having a specific binding property with the biological substance is an antigen.

  Although not shown, it is also preferable to provide an anchor for connecting the inner surface of the mesopore wall 22 and the biological material 23.

  This anchor has the effect of suppressing a large structural change of the biological material and maintaining it stably. The component constituting the anchor is preferably the same constituent material as the material constituting the structure having mesopores. The anchor preferably has a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an amino group, a pyridine group, a urea group, a urethane group, a carboxylic group, or a phenol group as a site that binds to a biological substance. Further, it may be a compound having a functional group such as an azo group, a hydroxyl group, a maleimide group, a silane derivative, or an aminoalkylene group.

  Each mesopore can contain one or more biological materials. Therefore, the mesopores need to have an appropriate size for immobilizing biological materials.

  When the size of the mesopore matches the size of the biological material to be immobilized, the surface of the biological material is close to the pore wall of the mesopore. Adsorb in the hole. Thereby, the three-dimensional structure of the biological material is further maintained, and the inactivation of the biological material due to the change in the three-dimensional structure can be further suppressed. It is possible to hold the active unit in the mesopores not only by the van der Waals force but also by non-covalent bonds such as electrostatic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and ionic bonds.

(Functional device using the structure according to the present invention)
Next, a functional device using the structure according to the present invention will be described.

  As described above, a structure in which a biological substance is supported in a mesopore can be applied to a biosensor as a functional device.

  In short, a specimen detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  First, a sensor in which a biological material is carried in the mesopores of the structure described above is prepared, and a fluid (liquid or gas) containing a specimen is applied to the sensor. Then, the fluid containing the specimen enters the mesopore while passing through the gaps or macropores of the dendritic structure, and reacts with the biological material carried in the mesopore. Since gaps and macropores in structures with a dendritic skeleton have a large conductance to the fluid, they spread evenly throughout the structure with the dendritic skeleton, and reach the mesopores that communicate therewith. become. If the longitudinal direction of the mesopore is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the skeleton, the density of the portion where the mesopore is open to the side wall of the skeleton is extremely low, so that the specimen enters the mesopore. Establishment is very low. In the present invention, since the longitudinal direction of the mesopores and the longitudinal direction of the skeleton intersect, the output signal based on the reaction between the biological material generated in the numerous mesopores of the structure and the specimen is detected. improves.

  Specifically, the detection principle of the specimen utilizes an antigen-antibody reaction between an antigen and an antibody, a specific binding reaction between a single DNA and a single DNA, or the like. In any case, the target substance is detected by using changes in physical quantities such as current, voltage, light quantity, mass, and heat. Examples of the detection means include an enzyme electrode, a hydrogen peroxide electrode, an ISFET (Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor), an optical fiber, a thermistor, a crystal resonator, and a surface plasmon resonance element.

  The structure according to the present invention can be used as a functional device other than a biosensor as a column such as an adsorbent or a separating agent. In this case, it is good to prepare many porous particles by preparing a large number of particles made of the structure of the present embodiment described above.

  If the electrode is provided by combining the porous body and the electron transfer system element, the change in the physical quantity can be detected as an electrical output signal.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.

Example 1
In this example, a structure in which the mesopore wall material is silica will be described.

First, 2.40 g of a triblock copolymer (EO ₂₀ PO ₇₀ EO ₂₀ ; HO (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂₀ (CH ₂ CH (CH ₃ ) O) ₇₀ (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) which is a nonionic surfactant. ₂₀ H) was dissolved in 76.5 ml of pure water. In addition, 7.5 ml of 36 wt. % Concentrated hydrochloric acid was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Subsequently, 13.9 g of n-decane was added as an alignment controller, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours.

Further, 0.027 g of NH ₄ F as a hydrolysis catalyst, and a material obtained by adding 5.10g of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) was a precursor solution to the mixed solution. The composition (molar ratio) of the final precursor solution is TEOS: HCl: EO ₂₀ PO ₇₀ EO ₂₀ : NH ₄ F: n-decane = 25: 90: 0.4: 0.7: 100 did.

  This precursor solution was stirred at 40 ° C. for 20 hours and reacted at 120 ° C. for 48 hours. The obtained white precipitate was sufficiently washed with pure water and vacuum-dried.

  The obtained powder sample was fired in air at 550 ° C., and the surfactant was decomposed and removed from the pores to form hollow pores. Removal of organic substances such as surfactants was confirmed by infrared absorption spectrum measurement.

  As a result of evaluating the synthesized mesoporous silica powder by the X-ray diffraction method, as shown in FIG. 6, the diffraction peak attributed to the (100) plane of the hexagonal structure with an interplanar spacing of 11.7 nm was started, (110), (200), A diffraction peak attributed to the (210) plane was confirmed. This result shows that the pore structure of this mesoporous silica has a hexagonal arrangement with high regularity.

As a result of the nitrogen adsorption / desorption isotherm measurement at 77K, the adsorption isotherm shape became type IV in the IUPAC classification. B. E. T.A. The specific surface area calculated by the method was 700 m ² / g, and the pore volume was 1.88 ml / g. Further, when the pore diameter was calculated by the BJH method from the result of this adsorption isotherm, the pore diameter distribution of the mesoporous silica synthesized in this example was a narrow distribution having a single peak at 14.3 nm. A structure having a pore size distribution in which 90% or more of mesopores were distributed within a range of 10 nm or less including the maximum value was obtained.

  Next, when observation was performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), innumerable branched rod-like structures (structures having a dendritic skeleton) were formed as shown in FIG.

  In the gaps (gap between the skeleton portions) of the branched rod-like structures, 300 to 500 nm macropores or macropore size gaps were formed.

  When SEM observation was further performed at a high magnification, tube-shaped mesopores having a diameter of 14 nm were oriented in a direction intersecting the longitudinal direction of the dendritic structure as shown in FIG. In FIG. 7, 11 indicates the diameter of the macropore formed by the dendritic skeleton. Moreover, in the cross-sectional view, as shown in FIG. 8, a uniform tube-shaped mesopore formed a pore structure in which the honeycomb packing was formed. During observation, the mesopore structure was not destroyed by the electron beam.

  Thus, a structure having pores with two different diameters, a macropore formed between the dendritic skeleton parts and a mesopore formed in the skeleton part (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a hierarchical structure). Was able to be synthesized.

(Example 2)
Next, in the mesopores of the structure (mesoporous silica) prepared in Example 1, horseradish peroxidase (hereinafter, abbreviated as HRP, which is a kind of oxidoreductase. Average diameter = 4.8 nm, isoelectric point ( IEP) = 7.2) was immobilized. And the tolerance with respect to an organic solvent and the tolerance with respect to a heat | fever were measured. Furthermore, the diffusibility of the solution was also examined.

(1) Enzyme immobilization in mesopores HRP was prepared to 5 mg / ml using 5 mM phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4), and the synthesized mesoporous silica was added to 1 ml of this enzyme solution. 10 mg was added. The mixed solution was stirred using a shaker at 4 ° C. for 20 hours to adsorb HRP into the mesoporous silica pores.

  After completion of the reaction, the mixture was centrifuged at 20000 g for 10 minutes at 4 ° C., and the precipitate of HRP-mesoporous silica was washed three times with pure water. At this time, each of the original enzyme solution and the supernatant was subjected to UV-Vis absorbance measurement. Using the absorption maximum at 403 nm of HRP, the adsorption amount of HRP to mesoporous silica was calculated from the concentration change before and after adsorption. The enzyme-immobilized mesoporous silica after washing was freeze-dried for 10 hours to obtain a powder sample. The adsorbed HRP showed a high value of 252 mg / g with respect to the weight of 1 g of mesoporous silica. Moreover, the adsorption amount of HRP changed by changing the pH of the phosphate buffer. From this result, it is considered that HRP and mesoporous silica pores are immobilized by electrostatic interaction.

  The introduction of HRP molecules into the pores was confirmed by a decrease in the amount of adsorption into the pores by measuring nitrogen adsorption on mesoporous silica after HRP adsorption.

(2) Resistance to organic solvent In order to evaluate the enzymatic activity of HRP immobilized on mesoporous silica in organic solvent, 1,2-in toluene using t-butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidizing agent The oxidation reaction of diaminobenzene was used.

  8 ml of a solution containing 50 mM 1,2-diaminobenzene in anhydrous toluene and 2 ml of a 1.1 M t-butyl hydroperoxide solution prepared by dissolving t-butyl hydroperoxide in n-decane were mixed. 10 ml of mesoporous silica with HRP immobilized thereto was added to 1 ml of this mixed solution, the reaction was started at 37 ° C., and the absorbance at 470 nm of 1,2-dinitrobenzene produced by oxidation of 1,2-diaminobenzene was measured. The change with time was determined. And the enzyme activity of HRP in a toluene solvent was determined.

  As a comparative test, 0.5 mg of HRP itself was prepared and subjected to the above oxidation reaction, and the increase in absorbance at 470 nm was similarly measured. The result is shown in FIG. Oxidation reaction in toluene did not occur at all with HRP (Free HRP) alone, but mesoporous silica with HRP immobilized showed very high activity. This is considered to be because HRP was denatured immediately after adding HRP to toluene, and it was found that high stability was expressed by immobilizing HRP on mesoporous silica.

(3) Resistance to heat The results of measuring residual enzyme activity after heat-treating mesoporous silica with HRP immobilized and normal HRP not immobilized with phosphate buffer solution at 70 ° C. for 0 to 2 hours are shown in FIG. 10 shows. The thermal stability of HRP immobilized in mesoporous silica was determined by measuring the oxidative degradation rate of phenol. For the determination of phenol, a 4-aminoantipyrine colorimetric method was used.

  400 μl of 50 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH = 4.0) was added to 10 mg of HRP-immobilized mesoporous silica prepared by the above HRP adsorption, and heated at 70 ° C. for 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes, respectively. Centrifugation was performed after heating, and the HRP-immobilized silica was washed twice with pure water. Next, 400 μl of 50 mM Tris-HCl (hydroxymethylaminomethane hydrochloride) buffer (pH = 7.5), 8 μl of a 5000 ppm phenol aqueous solution, and 2 μl of 30% hydrogen peroxide water were added and reacted at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes. . After centrifugation, 150 μl of the supernatant, 150 μl and 300 μl of 1% hexacyanoferrate prepared with 1 M glycine aqueous solution (pH = 9.6) and 1% 4-aminoantipyrine were added and stirred. Thereafter, the absorbance near 500 nm was quickly measured.

  The enzyme activity of non-immobilized HRP was reduced by half by heat treatment at 70 ° C. for 30 minutes, and only about 10% of the initial enzyme activity was exhibited after 2 hours. On the other hand, in the mesoporous silica in which HRP is fixed, a high stabilization effect against heat was confirmed. Even after heat treatment at 70 ° C. for 2 hours, the enzyme activity was 90% or more.

  FIG. 11 shows the results of measuring the temperature dependence of HRP using the above-described phenol oxidation reaction. HRP and immobilized HRP were pretreated at 25 to 100 ° C. for 30 minutes, respectively, and then enzyme activity was measured. Normal HRP showed 0% residual activity under conditions of 70 ° C. and 30 minutes, whereas HRP immobilized on hierarchical mesoporous showed 50% or more activity under the same conditions. Moreover, even if it processed at 100 degreeC, it did not become 0% and the enzyme activity of 40% was hold | maintained.

(4) About the diffusibility of a solution Next, the difference in the internal diffusion of the adsorbent due to the macropore size voids between the macropores or adjacent skeletons will be examined. Specifically, a hierarchical porous material prepared according to the present invention and a monodisperse mesoporous material without macropores were synthesized, molded into a disk-shaped pellet, and the adsorption behavior of HRP was measured. did.

  0.2 g each of the calcined powder of the hierarchical porous silica synthesized by the above synthesis method and the monodispersed mesoporous silica having no macropores (particles of Non-Patent Document 1) was weighed. The measured one was molded into a disk-shaped pellet having a diameter of 15 mm and a thickness of 1 mm using a press molding machine.

  HRP was adjusted to 5 mg / ml using 5 mM phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4), and each pellet-shaped mesoporous silica was added to 5 ml of this HRP solution. The mixed solution was shaken slowly using a shaker at 4 ° C. for 48 hours to adsorb HRP to each mesoporous silica, and the change in adsorption amount with time was measured from the change in absorption wavelength at 403 nm of the HRP solution. Hierarchical mesoporous silica exhibited adsorption with a relative adsorption amount of 80% or more in about 1 hour from the start of adsorption. The value of this adsorption amount was almost the same value as compared with the case of the calcined powder before molding.

  However, the adsorption rate of the mesoporous material that does not have a dendritic skeleton and does not have macropores is greatly reduced by molding into a pellet. The present inventors consider that this is because the hierarchical mesoporous material of the present invention forms macropores in the molded pellet and maintains a high internal diffusion rate. On the other hand, it is considered that the adsorption speed of the mesoporous material not having the dendritic skeleton is greatly reduced because the materials are too densely packed by molding.

Comparative example 1 (about enzyme immobilization to a mesopore)
As a comparative example, SBA-15 having a tubular pore diameter formed parallel to the long axis direction of rod-shaped particles was synthesized, and the adsorption effect of HRP and the stability effect in an organic solvent were measured. A method for synthesizing SBA-15 is described in Science 279, page 548.

As a result of evaluating the synthesized SBA-15 by the X-ray diffraction method, a diffraction peak attributed to the (100) plane of a hexagonal structure having a plane spacing of 9.8 nm was confirmed. From the nitrogen adsorption isotherm measurement, the synthesized SBA-15 had a specific surface area of 800 m ² / g and a pore diameter of 7.4 nm.

  SRP-15 synthesized was subjected to the same HRP adsorption experiment as in Example 1. The amount of HRP adsorbed was 25 mg / g, indicating an extremely small amount of adsorption of 1/10 or less compared to the hierarchical mesoporous silica synthesized by the present inventors. Moreover, from the nitrogen adsorption isotherm analysis using the sample after HRP adsorption, there is no decrease in the pore volume of SBA-15 before and after the adsorption of HRP, and HRP is hardly adsorbed in the SBA-15 pores. I understood that.

  Next, as a result of measuring the time-dependent adsorption amount of HRP to each mesoporous silica, the time to reach the saturated adsorption amount was very short in the hierarchical mesoporous silica having macropores according to the present invention.

Comparative Example 2 (About resistance to organic solvents)
Subsequently, using this SBA-15, the organic solvent stability of HRP was measured by the above method, and compared with the hierarchical mesoporous silica according to the present invention. Slight enzyme activity by HRP immobilized on SBA-15 was observed. However, in the SBA-15-immobilized HRP, 1,2-dinitrobenzene as a reaction product was gradually confirmed as the reaction started. On the other hand, in the hierarchical mesoporous silica, 1,2-dinitrobenzene more than 10 times that of SBA-15 was confirmed immediately after the start of the reaction.

  Therefore, in SBA-15, the tubular pore diameter is formed in parallel to the long axis direction of the rod-like particles. For this reason, the aspect ratio of the tube-shaped pore is large, and the diffusion of HRP and the substrate from the outside to the inside of the pore and from the inside of the pore to the outside is deteriorated. Moreover, since the number of pore openings on the surface is small, it was speculated that this was caused by the slow introduction of HRP and substrate. From this result, it was revealed that the hierarchical mesoporous silica synthesized by the present inventors has excellent internal diffusion of proteins and substrates by having macropores and the like, and is excellent as a carrier for biological substances and the like. .

(Example 3)
In this example, the hierarchical mesoporous silica surface prepared in Example 1 was modified with zirconium oxide, and glucose oxidase (abbreviated as GOD, diameter = 8.0 nm, IEP = 4. This is an example in which 6) is immobilized and the stability to heat is measured.

  10 g of zirconium oxynitrate dihydrate was added to 90 ml of pure water and dissolved at room temperature to prepare a 10 wt% zirconium oxynitrate aqueous solution. The hierarchical mesoporous silica synthesized in Example 1 was added to this solution and immersed for 20 hours. Thereafter, the supernatant was removed by centrifugation, washed 3 times with pure water, and dried at room temperature.

  As a result of evaluating the hierarchical mesoporous silica modified with zirconium by the X-ray diffraction method, the diffraction pattern showed almost the same as before the modification, and it was confirmed that the periodic structure of the mesopores was not broken. Moreover, as a result of measuring the chemical bonding state on the silica surface using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), a peak due to Zr-O was confirmed, and that a zirconium oxide layer was formed on the silica surface. confirmed.

  Subsequently, GOD was immobilized in the pores of the hierarchical mesoporous silica after the zirconium modification, and the stabilization effect was measured using an oxidative decomposition reaction of phenol.

  GOD was adjusted to 5 mg / ml using 5 mM phosphate buffer (pH = 5.0), and 10 mg of the hierarchical mesoporous silica modified with zirconium was added to 1 ml of this GOD solution. The mixed solution was stirred using a shaker at 4 ° C. for 20 hours to immobilize GOD in mesoporous silica pores. After adsorption, centrifugation was performed at 20000 g for 10 minutes at 4 ° C. to obtain GOD-immobilized silica. The amount of GOD adsorbed onto mesoporous silica was calculated using the absorption maximum at 280 nm in the supernatant solution before and after GOD immobilization. GOD showed an adsorption amount of 120 mg / g or more. The introduction of enzyme molecules into the pores was confirmed by a decrease in the amount of adsorption to the pores using a nitrogen adsorption measuring device. In addition, GDO hardly adsorbed on mesoporous silica not modified with zirconium.

  To 10 mg each of GOD-immobilized mesoporous silica and GOD-immobilized SBA-15 prepared by GOD adsorption, 400 μl of 50 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH = 4.0) was added, and then at 70 ° C. for 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes. Each was heated. Centrifugation was performed after heating, and the GOD-immobilized silica was washed twice with pure water. Next, add 400 μl of 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH = 7.5), 100 μl of 10% β-D-glucose aqueous solution, 8 μl of 5000 ppm phenol aqueous solution, 100 μl of 100 μl / ml HRP solution, and react at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes. I let you. After centrifugation, the absorbance around 500 nm was measured in the same manner as in Example 2.

  The non-immobilized GOD was deactivated with a relative activity of 0% by heat treatment at 70 ° C. for 30 minutes. In contrast, GOD immobilized on mesoporous silica was confirmed to have a high heat-stabilizing effect and had an enzyme activity of 70% or more even after heat treatment at 70 ° C. for 120 minutes.

  Moreover, the time-dependent change of the phenol decomposition | disassembly at 37 degreeC was measured using the hierarchical mesoporous silica which fix | immobilized GOD which has not been heat-processed.

  To 10 mg of GOD-immobilized mesoporous silica prepared by GOD adsorption, 400 μl of 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH = 7.5) and 100 μl of 10% β-D-glucose aqueous solution were added. Further, 8 μl of a 5000 ppm phenol aqueous solution and 100 μl of a 100 μ / ml HRP solution were added. The prepared solution was reacted at 37 ° C. for a predetermined time. After centrifugation, the absorbance around 500 nm was measured in the same manner as in Example 2. From this result, the relative activity with respect to the phenol degradation concentration after 30 minutes was calculated. GOD immobilized on hierarchical mesoporous silica showed 100% relative activity in a 5 minute reaction.

  From these results, it is clear that the hierarchical mesoporous silica with macropores has high internal diffusion due to the macropores, while the enzyme immobilized in the mesopores exhibits a high stability effect. became.

  Similarly to Example 1, a GOD adsorption experiment was conducted using a hierarchical hierarchical mesoporous silica in the form of pellets and monodisperse mesoporous silica having no macropores. After both pellets were impregnated with a zirconium oxynitrate aqueous solution by the above method and treated with zirconium, the adsorption behavior of GOD with time was measured. As in Example 1, the pellet-like hierarchical mesoporous silica according to the present invention was not changed compared to the powdery adsorption behavior before molding. However, almost no GOD was adsorbed in the monodisperse mesoporous silica pellets having no macropores. It is considered that this is because in the monodisperse mesoporous silica in the form of pellets, the particles are closely packed with each other, so that the internal diffusion is slow and GOD cannot be sufficiently diffused into the mesopores.

Example 4
In this example, the surface of the hierarchical mesoporous silica synthesized in Example 1 was modified with a silane coupling agent, and α-amylase was immobilized on the silica surface by a covalent bond.

  1.0 g of the hierarchical mesoporous silica synthesized in Example 1 was added to 50 ml of a 10% (v / v) 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane solution prepared with toluene, and this solution was added under a nitrogen atmosphere. , And stirred at 120 ° C. for 48 hours. After the reaction, the precipitate was filtered, washed with toluene, methanol, and dichloromethane, and then dried at room temperature.

  Next, 1.0 g of this dried sample was dissolved in 25 ml of a 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution prepared with a phosphate buffer solution (pH = 6.6) and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The obtained precipitate was washed four times or more with pure water and then dried at room temperature.

As a result of evaluating the hierarchical mesoporous silica modified with glutaraldehyde by the X-ray diffraction method, the diffraction pattern was almost the same as that before the modification, and it was confirmed that the mesopore structure was not broken. Moreover, as a result of identifying the functional group introduced into the silica surface using FT-IR, peaks due to R—CH═N, C═O, and —CHO were confirmed, and Si (CH ₂₎ was observed on the silica surface. ) ₃ N = CH (CH ₂ ) ₃ CHO was confirmed to be covalently bonded.

  Subsequently, α-amylase was immobilized in the pores of the modified hierarchical mesoporous silica, and the stabilization effect was measured using a hydrolysis reaction of starch to maltose.

Α-Amylase was adjusted to 1 mg / ml using 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH = 6.0), and 0.2 g of hierarchical mesoporous silica synthesized and modified by the above method was carried out in 1 ml of this solution. In the same manner as in Example 1, pellets were added. The mixed solution was impregnated using a shaker at 4 ° C. for 20 hours to adsorb α-amylase into the mesoporous silica pores. After completion of the reaction, the pellet was filtered and washed 3 times with pure water. At this time, each of the original enzyme solution and the supernatant was subjected to UV-Vis absorbance measurement. Using the absorption maximum of α-amylase at 280 nm, the amount of adsorption to mesoporous silica was calculated from the change in concentration before and after adsorption. The adsorbed α-amylase showed a high value of 140 mg / g. In the adsorption experiment of α-amylase under the same conditions on powdery hierarchical mesoporous silica not subjected to surface modification and monodisperse mesoporous silica formed into pellets, the adsorption behavior was hardly shown. Therefore, it is considered that α-amylase was bonded to —CHO modified on the silica surface and —NH _{2 of} α-amylase and immobilized on the silica surface due to high internal diffusion due to macropores.

  Subsequently, the pellet-like amylase-immobilized mesoporous silica and non-immobilized amylase were each heat-treated in a sodium acetate buffer solution at 25 ° C. to 70 ° C., and then the enzyme activity was measured.

  To 10 mg of the amylase-immobilized mesoporous silica, 400 μl of 50 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH = 5.0) was added and treated at 25 to 70 ° C. for 30 minutes. Centrifugation was performed after heating, and the amylase-immobilized silica was washed twice with pure water. Prepare 0.125% soluble starch using the same 50 mM sodium acetate buffer and add 300 μl of this starch solution to the washed amylase-immobilized silica. The reaction was carried out at 40 ° C. for 15 minutes. After stopping the reaction, a supernatant was obtained by centrifugation, and 3 ml of 1 ml of 0.5N acetic acid and iodine-potassium solution (0.015% iodine-0.15% potassium iodide solution) was added to the supernatant solution and stirred well. Then, the absorption maximum at 700 nm was measured. Normal α-amylase had a relative activity of 20% at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes, whereas α-amylase immobilized on a hierarchical mesoporous had a relative activity of 90% or more under the same conditions. The activity was shown and the stabilization effect was confirmed.

(Example 5)
In this example, single-strand DNA was introduced into the surface of the mesopores of the hierarchical mesoporous silica produced in Example 1. Furthermore, it is an example of a biosensing element that optically detects a specific reaction between single DNAs using a hybridization reaction, and FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the biosensing element.

  Hybridization refers to nucleic acid hybridization or nucleic acid hybrid molecule formation, and is used as a method for examining the primary structure of a nucleic acid, that is, the homology of a base sequence, or detecting a nucleic acid having a homologous base sequence. . This utilizes the property that single-stranded nucleic acids can form hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs (AT, GC) to form double-stranded double-stranded nucleic acids.

  The hierarchical mesoporous silica synthesized in Example 1 and SBA-15 used in Comparative Example 1 were immersed in a 95% aqueous ethanol solution of 10% 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane for 1 hour, and then centrifuged. Unreacted solution was removed. After washing with ethanol, reaction was performed at 120 ° C. for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere to introduce amino groups on the surface of mesoporous silica pores.

  Further, the hierarchical mesoporous silica into which amino groups were introduced was immersed in a 1 mM GMBS dimethyl sulfoxide solution for 2 hours and then washed with dimethyl sulfoxide to introduce maleimide groups on the surface of the mesoporous silica pores. It was confirmed by FT-IR that each functional group was introduced on the silica surface.

After synthesizing a DNA probe into which a thiol group was introduced using an automatic DNA synthesizer, the DNA probe was purified by high performance liquid chromatography.
DNA pro - _{Bed; HS- (CH 2) 6 -O} -PO 2 -O-5'-ataaaagtgcacacctta-3 '

  Next, 10 μl of the synthesized and purified DNA probe having a concentration of 2 μM, 40 μl of HEPES buffer solution (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N, -2-ethanesulfonic acid; 10 mM, pH = 6.5) and additives ( Ethylene glycol) was mixed with 50 μl to prepare a reaction solution. This mixed solution was added to hierarchical mesoporous silica into which a maleimide group was introduced, and allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 hours to immobilize single strand DNA on the mesoporous silica surface.

  The DNA probe-immobilized mesoporous silica was filled in the groove on the chip substrate of FIG. 12, and the other flow paths were installed as shown in FIG. In this figure, 101 is a substrate, and 102 is hierarchical mesoporous silica on which a DNA probe produced in this example is immobilized. Reference numerals 103 and 104 denote solution introduction pipes, and reference numeral 105 denotes a solution discharge pipe after introducing these solutions.

  Using an automatic DNA synthesizer, a DNA target having a base sequence complementary to the DNA probe and fluorescently labeled with Texas Red at the 5 'end was synthesized. Next, 80 μl of a DNA target having a concentration of 0.1 μM, 17 μl of 20 × SSC (0.3 M sodium citrate, 3.0 M sodium chloride) and 3 μl of a 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous solution were mixed. The mixed hybridization solution was introduced from the solution introduction vessel 103 in FIG. After standing for a predetermined time, the solution was discharged from the 105 solution discharge tank.

  After the hybridization reaction for a predetermined time, a 100 × diluted solution of 20 × SSC was used as a cleaning solution and injected from a cleaning solution introduction vessel 104 and washed. Next, the fluorescence intensity (hybridization signal) of the portion where the DNA probe was immobilized and the fluorescence intensity (background signal) of the sample where the DNA probe was not immobilized were measured using a microarray scanner.

  DNA probe-immobilized SBA-15 had a small hybridization signal and could not achieve a high fluorescence intensity ratio (hybridization signal / background signal). Further, when the time-dependent change in fluorescence intensity due to the hybridization reaction was measured, it took a long time to reach the saturation intensity. On the other hand, the hierarchical mesoporous silica on which the DNA probe was immobilized completed the hybridization reaction in a very short time and achieved an excellent fluorescence intensity ratio. These results show that a high amount of DNA probe adsorbed into hierarchical mesoporous silica mesopores increases the fluorescence signal, and excellent internal diffusion by macropores completes the hybridization reaction in a short time. Presumed to be connected.

  From the above results, it was confirmed that in this example, it was possible to produce a biosensing element capable of performing highly sensitive detection in a short time by using the hierarchical mesoporous silica in which the biological material was immobilized. It was.

(Example 6)
A mouse monoclonal antibody (antigen is human serum albumin) is immobilized in the pores of the hierarchical mesoporous silica synthesized in Example 1, and a specific binding reaction between the antigen and the antibody is used to fix the target substance. This is an example of detection and measurement.

  To the hierarchical mesoporous silica synthesized in Example 1 and 10 mg each of SBA-15 used in Comparative Example 1, 10 ml of a solution prepared by adding mouse monoclonal Fab antibody to 1 mg / ml with pure water was added. By stirring the solution at 4 ° C. for 6 hours, the antibody was immobilized in the mesopores of mesoporous silica. Then, it washed 3 times with pure water. Human serum albumin (abbreviated as HRP-HSA) labeled with horseradish peroxidase was added to the above antibody-immobilized mesoporous silica, and reacted at room temperature for a predetermined time (1 to 4 hours). In order to remove non-specifically adsorbed HRP-HSA, this antigen-antibody-immobilized mesoporous silica was washed several times with pure water. Thereafter, freeze-drying was performed, and the dried sample was allowed to stand at 37 ° C. for an arbitrary time. Next, 400 μl of 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH = 7.5), 8 μl of a 5000 ppm phenol aqueous solution, and 2 μl of 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide were added and reacted at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes. After centrifugation, the absorbance around 500 nm was measured in the same manner as in Example 2, and the enzyme activity of HRP labeled with HSA specifically bound to the immobilized antibody was measured.

  Further, a non-specific mouse immunoglobulin antibody (mouse Ig) that is not an HRP-HSA antibody was immobilized on the hierarchical mesoporous silica in the same manner as described above. Then, the difference in absorbance between the above-described antibody using a specific binding to HSA and a non-specific antibody was measured by the above procedure. As a result, the non-specific mouse Ig was clearly smaller in HRP activity than the mouse monoclonal Fab antibody-immobilized mesoporous silica according to this example. From these results, it was confirmed that the antibody was immobilized on the mesoporous silica and that the antigen-antibody reaction was effectively occurring in the pores even after the antibody was immobilized on the mesoporous silica.

  An HRP-HSA solution was added to the above antibody-immobilized mesoporous silica, and a reaction was performed at room temperature for a predetermined time (1 to 4 hours), thereby measuring a change with time in the antigen-antibody reaction. As a result, as confirmed in Examples 2, 3, and 4, a high antigen-antibody reaction rate was confirmed only when hierarchical mesoporous silica was used. This is because HRP-HSA not immobilized in the pores such as HRP-HAS adsorbed outside the pores due to non-specific adsorption was denatured due to the influence of the external environment and was not stabilized. Conceivable.

  Further, the antibody-immobilized mesoporous silica obtained above and the mouse monoclonal antibody powder not immobilized were stored in a dry state at 37 ° C. for 3 weeks, and the time-dependent change in HRP activity due to the antigen-antibody reaction was measured. As a result of setting the binding activity of both of them immediately before starting the dry storage at 37 ° C. as 100, the non-immobilized mouse monoclonal antibody had a relative activity of 0 after 1 week and was completely inactivated. On the other hand, the antigen-antibody reaction of the mouse monoclonal antibody immobilized on hierarchical mesoporous silica showed a relative activity of 90% or more even after 3 weeks.

(Example 7)
In this example, the hierarchical mesoporous silica synthesized in Example 1 was synthesized on an electrode, glucose oxidase (GOD) and mediator were immobilized in mesopores, and the glucose concentration was measured. A carbon electrode or a platinum electrode was used as the electrode.

2.6.5 ml of 2.40 triblock copolymer (EO ₂₀ PO ₇₀ EO ₂₀ ; HO (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂₀ (CH ₂ CH (CH ₃ ) O) ₇₀ (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂₀ H) Dissolve in pure water and add 7.5ml of 36wt. % Concentrated hydrochloric acid was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Subsequently, 13.9 g of n-decane was added and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Further, 0.027 g of NH ₄ F as a hydrolysis catalyst, and a material obtained by adding 5.10g of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) was a precursor solution to the mixed solution. The composition (molar ratio) of the final precursor solution was set to be TEOS: HCl: EO ₂₀ PO ₇₀ EO ₂₀ : NH ₄ F: n-decane = 25: 90: 0.4: 0.7: 100 .

  This precursor solution was stirred at 40 ° C. for 20 hours and reacted at 120 ° C. for 48 hours. The obtained white precipitate was sufficiently washed with pure water. Ethanol was appropriately added to the white precipitate, and centrifugation was performed at 3000 rpm to 6000 rpm to obtain pasty hierarchical mesoporous silica. The obtained sample is applied on a carbon electrode, dried at room temperature, and calcined at 500 ° C. in air to decompose and remove the surfactant from the pores, and synthesize hierarchical mesoporous silica on the carbon electrode. did.

  As a result of evaluating the mesoporous silica powder sampled on the electrode by the X-ray diffraction method, the diffraction peak attributed to the (100) plane of the hexagonal structure as in Example 1 was started, and (110), (200), (210 ) The diffraction peak attributed to the surface was confirmed.

  GOD was adjusted to 5 mg / ml using 5 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH = 7.4), and the synthesized mesoporous silica-carbon electrode was immersed in 10 ml of the enzyme solution. GOD was adsorbed in the mesoporous silica pores on the electrode by slowly stirring with a shaker at 4 ° C. for 20 hours. The GOD-mesoporous silica on the electrode was washed 3 times with pure water to obtain a GOD-immobilized electrode. The absorption maximum of 280 nm in the supernatant solution before and after GOD immobilization was used, and the amount adsorbed on the mesoporous silica was calculated by subtracting the adsorption on the carbon electrode only as the background. GOD showed an adsorption amount of 230 mg / g or more. After drying, the sample was further allowed to stand at room temperature for 12 hours in 100 ml of a 100 mM potassium ferricyanide solution prepared with 50 mL of MOPS buffer in order to support a mediator (also referred to as an electron transfer material) in the mesopores. After soaking, the glucose measuring GOD electrode was prepared by centrifuging and washing with pure water and drying at room temperature.

The glucose concentration is measured using the reaction mechanism shown in FIG. By utilizing this mechanism, it is possible to measure blood sugar levels in blood. Specifically, when glucose in blood comes to the sensor part, when glucose reacts with GOD, glucose releases electrons and changes to gluconic acid. Electrons released from glucose are captured by ferricyan ions ([Fe (III) (CN) ₆ ] ³⁻ ). Ferricyan ion ([Fe (III) (CN) ₆ ] ³⁻ ) supplemented with electrons changes to ferrocyan ion ([Fe (II) (CN) ₆ ] ⁴⁻ ). Whether these reactions are occurring is detected by the working electrode. A voltage is applied to the working electrode in advance, and instead of receiving electrons of ferrocyan ions ([Fe (II) (CN) ₆ ] ⁴⁻ ), the counter electrodes receive hydrogen ions (H +). Water (H ₂ O) is produced with oxygen (O ₂ ). By measuring the current value at this time, the amount of glucose can be obtained and the blood glucose level can be determined.

  The glucose concentration was measured as follows. A 50 mM MOPS buffer solution was placed in the constant temperature cell shown in FIG. 14 and maintained at a constant temperature. The synthesized GOD-immobilized carbon electrode was used as the working electrode, and a platinum electrode was used as the counter electrode. After a constant voltage was applied to the carbon electrode and the current became steady, a sample containing glucose was added and the increase in current was measured. As a result, a high current value was obtained. Further, as a result of measuring the current value using a standard glucose solution sample, the current value increased linearly according to the glucose concentration. Thereby, the biosensor which can discriminate | determine glucose concentration and can measure a blood glucose level can be provided.

(Example 8)
In this example, the hierarchical mesoporous silica synthesized in Example 1 was synthesized on an electrode, glucose oxidase (GOD) and a mediator were further immobilized, and the glucose concentration was measured.

  Hierarchical mesoporous silica is the same as that in the above-described embodiment. Ferrocene carboxylic acid was used as the mediator. The surface of the ferrocenecarboxylic acid and the mesopores were immobilized by covalent bonds, and GOD was supported on the mesopores.

  For immobilization of ferrocenecarboxylic acid, first, a mesoporous silica-coated electrode that had been baked to form mesopores was silylated with a silane coupling agent. A dichloromethane solution in which 20 mM (3-iodopropyl) trimethylsilane (IPTMS) was dissolved in a Teflon (registered trademark) container was prepared. The electrode was immersed therein and stirred at room temperature for 4 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After preparation, it was washed with dichloromethane and ethanol and dried at 80 ° C.

  The electrode thus iodopropylsilylated was immersed in a mixed solution of 0.13 mM ferrocenecarboxylic acid aqueous solution and 0.17 mM N, N′-dicycyclohexylcarbodiimide aqueous solution, slowly stirred under Ar atmosphere, Ferrocene carboxylic acid was immobilized on. The introduction of IPTMS on the silica surface and the immobilization of ferrocenecarboxylic acid by an ester bond were confirmed by FT-IR, respectively. As a result, ferrocenecarboxylic acid was immobilized on the silica surface by a covalent bond.

  Furthermore, PBS of pH = 7.4 was put into a constant temperature cell, the GOD fixed carbon electrode of the said preparation was immersed, and it stirred for 5 minutes, performing nitrogen bubbling. An Ag / AgCl electrode was used as a reference electrode, and a platinum wire was used as a counter. A voltage was applied to the electrode from 100 mV to 600 mV, and after the oxidation current became steady, the voltage was lowered to obtain a CV curve. The scan rate was 1 mV / s. The measurement was performed a plurality of times while changing the glucose concentration, and the saturation current value was measured. At this time, the peak of the oxidation-reduction potential was 220 mV. This confirmed that even if ferrocenecarboxylic acid is used as a mediator, it can be applied to a biosensor. At the same time, when the oxidation-reduction potential was measured in a state where ferrocenecarboxylic acid was suspended, it was higher than 220 mV.

  The redox potential shown when a substance in blood is oxidized / reduced by an electrode is, for example, 500-600 mV for ascorbic acid and 300-400 mV for hemoglobin. Therefore, in order to accurately measure the peak current, it is important to use a mediator that does not overlap with these redox potential peaks but has a peak at a lower potential.

  That is, it is preferable to fix the mediator to the mesopore by using a covalent bond so that the peak can be shifted to a lower potential than to float. The reason that the peak was confirmed on the lower potential side than when using the suspended mediator is that the mediator is easily oxidized in the mesopores of silica that is dominated by the negative electric field, In addition, the mediator is immobilized on the surface, so that electron hopping occurs and it is possible to efficiently transport the electrons to the electrode. The same is true for other enzymes.

  As described above, according to the present invention, a novel structure having mesopores can be obtained. In addition, the mesoporous material according to the present invention is excellent in internal diffusion and can be used for improving the precision of biological material immobilizing agents and column agents.

  The structure having mesopores according to the present invention can be used for, for example, a biosensor.

It is a schematic diagram of the structure which concerns on this invention. It is the photograph which looked at the structure based on this invention with the scanning electron microscope. Schematic diagram showing one form of macropores Schematic diagram showing the arrangement of mesopores It is a schematic diagram at the time of carrying a biological material on the structure according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the results of X-ray diffraction of mesoporous silica produced in Example 1. It is the photograph which looked at the structure based on this invention with the scanning electron microscope. It is the photograph which looked at the mesopore which the structure concerning the present invention has with the scanning electron microscope. It is a graph which shows the conversion rate and time passage when peroxidase is fixed to the mesopores of the porous body produced in Example 1 and an enzyme reaction is performed in toluene. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the relative activity of an enzyme, and the heat processing time at the time of fixing a peroxidase in the mesopore of the porous body manufactured in Example 1, and performing heat processing at 70 degreeC. It is a graph which shows the temperature dependence of relative activity at the time of fix | immobilizing peroxidase in the mesopore of the porous body manufactured in Example 1, and heat-processing for 30 minutes at predetermined temperature. It is a schematic diagram in case the structure based on this invention is utilized as a biosensing element. It is the figure which showed the reaction mechanism which can utilize the structure based on this invention for a biosensing element. It is a schematic diagram in case the structure based on this invention is utilized as a biosensing element. It is a mesoporous photograph showing a conventional example. It is a mesoporous photograph showing a conventional example.

Explanation of symbols

11 Macropores 12 Dendritic skeleton 13 Mesopores 14 Mesopore pore walls

Claims (9)

In a structure having a plurality of mesopores,
A structure having a dendritic skeleton and mesopores passing through the skeleton in a direction intersecting the longitudinal direction.   The structure according to claim 1, wherein the mesopores are orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the skeleton.   The dendritic skeleton part is characterized in that the branched skeleton parts are connected to form a macropore, or a gap of macropore size is formed between the adjacent skeleton parts. The structure according to claim 1.   The structure according to claim 1, wherein the mesopores are arranged in a honeycomb shape.   The structure according to claim 1, wherein the mesopores have a pore size distribution in which 80% or more of mesopores are distributed within a range of 10 nm including a maximum value.   The structure according to claim 1, wherein a biological material is supported in the mesopores. In a porous body formed by molding a plurality of particles,
The porous body, wherein the particle is composed of the structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6. A sensor for detecting a specimen,
A sensor comprising the porous body according to claim 7 and an electrode, and detecting an electrical output signal based on a reaction between the specimen and the biological material carried in the mesopores. In the specimen detection method,
Preparing a sensor having a biological substance carried in the mesopores of the structure according to claim 1;
Applying a fluid containing a specimen to the sensor;
And a step of detecting an output signal based on a reaction between the biological material and the specimen.

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