JP2007154511A - Staircase structure - Google Patents
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- JP2007154511A JP2007154511A JP2005350958A JP2005350958A JP2007154511A JP 2007154511 A JP2007154511 A JP 2007154511A JP 2005350958 A JP2005350958 A JP 2005350958A JP 2005350958 A JP2005350958 A JP 2005350958A JP 2007154511 A JP2007154511 A JP 2007154511A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は鋼製の階段桁と踏板とを備える階段構造に関し、更に詳しくは、本発明は、階段の防音と安全性の向上とを階段本体の構造及び階段マットの両面から改善する事が出来る階段構造に関する。 The present invention relates to a staircase structure including a steel stair girder and a tread board. More specifically, the present invention can improve the soundproofing and safety of the staircase from both the structure of the staircase body and the staircase mat. It relates to the staircase structure.
所謂、鋼製階段は強度が大きい割に比較的低コストである為、アパートを初めとする多くの建築物で利用されて来ている。しかし、鋼製階段は、踏板の曲げ振動に起因する放射音が発生し易く、階段各部への振動伝達が速く、一カ所を加振した時に複数箇所が発音源となり易い。したがって、騒音及び振動について弱点がある。一方で、鋼製階段には、踏み外し等の安全面でも特に配慮が必要で、ノンスリップ性が段鼻材にも踏面にも必要であり、特に、段鼻材と踏面の踏み外し防止は重要である。 The so-called steel staircase has been used in many buildings such as apartments because it has a relatively low cost for its high strength. However, the steel staircase is apt to generate radiated sound due to bending vibration of the tread, the vibration transmission to each part of the staircase is fast, and a plurality of places are likely to become sound sources when one place is vibrated. Therefore, there are weak points regarding noise and vibration. On the other hand, steel stairs need special consideration in terms of safety such as stepping off, and non-slip properties are necessary for both the nosing material and the treading surface. In particular, it is important to prevent the nosing material and the treading from stepping off.
鋼製階段は、発音量が大きい為、防音対策について多くの提案が為されている。踏板や踊り場に、ゴムや樹脂シート、カーペット等のマット類を設置し、履物と踏板が直接接触する事を防止している。又、踏板や踊り場や蹴込みに、拘束型制振材や非拘束型制振材を貼り付けたり、踏板を制振鋼板としたりする方法も提案されている(例えば、特許文献1及び2参照)。
鋼製階段では、踏み外し等の安全面において、段鼻材と踏面の輝度の差を大きくする事で踏み外し防止に効果が高いにも拘らず、これらの輝度差に着目した階段マットは使用されていない。又、多くの防音対策について従来の提案は、踏板の曲げ振動により発生する放射音の音質を変える事が出来るものの、曲げ振動がそのまま発生するので、高周波音の改善に留まっている。拘束型制振材等の貼付や制振鋼板の使用は、踏板の曲げ振動を改善する事が出来るものの、依然として防音性能に乏しく、特に低周波の解消には至っていない。 In steel staircases, in terms of safety, such as stepping off, a stair mat that focuses on these brightness differences is not used, even though it is highly effective in preventing stepping off by increasing the difference in brightness between the nosing material and the treading surface. . In addition, the conventional proposals for many soundproofing measures can change the sound quality of the radiated sound generated by the bending vibration of the tread, but the bending vibration is generated as it is, so that the improvement of the high frequency sound is limited. Although the application of a restraining type damping material or the use of a damping steel plate can improve the bending vibration of the tread board, it still has poor soundproofing performance, and has not led to the elimination of particularly low frequencies.
本発明は、非金属の無機質の踏板によって、発音量の少ない、特に、低周波騒音が低減される鋼製階段を得る事を課題とする。又、本発明は、更に安全面に対して、特に、踏み外し防止に効果の高い段鼻部と踏面部とを備える階段マットによって、安全性と共に、低周波から高周波までの騒音抑制に優れる階段構造を得る事を課題とする。 An object of the present invention is to obtain a steel stair with a small amount of sound generation, in particular, low-frequency noise is reduced by a non-metallic inorganic tread. Further, the present invention further provides a staircase structure that is excellent in safety and noise suppression from low frequency to high frequency as well as safety by a stair mat having a step nose portion and a tread surface portion that are highly effective in preventing stepping off. The challenge is to obtain.
本発明は、鋼製の階段桁と踏板とを備える階段構造であって、前記踏板が20〜60mmの厚みの非金属無機質材からなり、前記踏板の長手方向の両端部が前記階段桁に固定されている、階段構造に係るものである。 The present invention is a staircase structure comprising a steel stair girder and a tread board, wherein the tread board is made of a non-metallic inorganic material having a thickness of 20 to 60 mm, and both longitudinal ends of the tread board are fixed to the stair girder. It is related to the staircase structure.
本発明は、鋼製階段では、材料上、振動が伝わり易い為、音、振動を防止し難く、その性質が、特に、鋼製階段に用いる踏板や蹴込みに起因するという知見に基づく。 The present invention is based on the knowledge that in steel staircases, vibrations are easy to be transmitted on the material, so that it is difficult to prevent sound and vibrations, and that the properties are particularly attributable to the treads and kicks used in steel staircases.
本発明者は多くの鋼製階段を昇降し、発音量が少なくなる特徴を調査したところ、一定の共通点を見出した。つまり、発音量の少ない鋼製階段は、踏板の剛性が高く、曲げ振動が少ないタイプのもので、特に、剛性補強の溶接が行われたタイプの踏板か、又は踏板の曲げ加工と剛性補強の溶接が行われたタイプのものであった。更に、階段桁と、曲げ剛性を高くしたタイプの踏板との組合せの場合には、更に騒音が少なくなり、特に低周波音の発音量が低いという知見を得た。 When the present inventor went up and down many steel stairs and investigated the feature that the sound volume was reduced, he found a certain common point. In other words, steel staircases with low sound output are of the type with high treadle rigidity and low bending vibration, especially those that have been welded to reinforce the stiffening, or the bending and stiffening of the treadle. It was the type that was welded. Furthermore, in the case of a combination of a stair girder and a step board with a high bending rigidity, it has been found that noise is further reduced, and in particular, the amount of low frequency sound is low.
これらの知見を元に、本発明者は多くの実験を行ったところ、踏板を非金属の無機質材料からなる様にする事で、低コストで、特に、他では低減効果を得難い低周波騒音について騒音の少ない階段が得られるという知見を得た。 Based on these findings, the present inventor conducted many experiments. By making the treadle made of a non-metallic inorganic material, low-frequency noise, which is difficult to obtain a reduction effect at other costs at low cost. The knowledge that a stair with little noise can be obtained was obtained.
本発明によれば、20〜60mmの厚みの非金属無機質材からなる踏板によって、又は踏面部と蹴込み部とを備える踏板によって、発音量の少ない、特に、低周波騒音が低減される鋼製階段が得られる。 According to the present invention, a steel plate that produces a small amount of sound, in particular, low-frequency noise is reduced by a tread made of a nonmetallic inorganic material having a thickness of 20 to 60 mm or by a tread that includes a tread portion and a kick-in portion. You can get stairs.
鋼製階段の低周波から高周波までの騒音を抑制するという目的を、非金属無機質材からなる踏板によって、コスト増を抑えて、安全性を損なわずに実現した。 The purpose of suppressing noise from low frequency to high frequency in steel stairs is realized by a tread made of non-metallic inorganic material without increasing the cost and without sacrificing safety.
本発明では、鋼製階段の踏板を非金属無機質材とする。一般に、鋼製階段の鋼製踏板は、2mm〜6mm程度の薄い板厚が用いられ、振動し易く、放射音が生じ易く、しかも振動減衰もし難いもので、騒音が生じ易かった。この踏板を非金属無機質材とすると、特に、人工石材等は脆いという特質を有するが故に、安全面からは5〜10倍程度の厚み、つまり20mm〜60mm程度で用いるのが良く、それに伴って、振動し難く、放射音も生じ難くなり、特に、低減し難い低周波音を低減する事が出来る。人工石材等の踏板の厚みが20mm未満では、安全性に問題が生じ、60mmを超すと重く、作業性が徐々に悪くなるので、踏板としては好ましくない。 In the present invention, the steel stair tread is made of a non-metallic inorganic material. In general, a steel tread of a steel staircase has a thin plate thickness of about 2 mm to 6 mm, is easy to vibrate, easily emits radiated sound, and is difficult to attenuate vibration, and is likely to generate noise. When this tread is made of a non-metallic inorganic material, artificial stones and the like have a characteristic that they are brittle, so it is preferable to use them with a thickness of about 5 to 10 times, that is, about 20 mm to 60 mm from the viewpoint of safety. It is difficult to vibrate and radiated sound is hardly generated, and particularly low frequency sound that is difficult to reduce can be reduced. If the thickness of the tread of artificial stone or the like is less than 20 mm, a problem arises in safety, and if it exceeds 60 mm, it becomes heavy and workability gradually deteriorates.
非金属無機質材(以下、単に「無機質材」と称する事がある。)としては、特に制限され無いが、コンクリート、モルタル、PC版、ALC版、押出中空セメント版等の非金属鉱物等からなる人工又は天然の石材を挙げる事が出来る。これらの非金属無機質材は、配筋等として鉄等の金属を内部に埋設等して含んでも良い。かかる踏板は、その一部を階段桁に固定する事で、低周波騒音を有効に抑制する事が出来る。更に、低周波騒音抑制の為には、踏板の剛性を高める事、特に曲げ剛性を高めるのが有効である。 The non-metallic inorganic material (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as “inorganic material”) is not particularly limited, but is composed of non-metallic minerals such as concrete, mortar, PC plate, ALC plate, extruded hollow cement plate and the like. Mention can be made of artificial or natural stone. These non-metallic inorganic materials may contain a metal such as iron as a reinforcing bar or the like embedded therein. Such a tread can fix low frequency noise effectively by fixing a part of the tread on the stair girder. Furthermore, in order to suppress low-frequency noise, it is effective to increase the rigidity of the tread, particularly to increase the bending rigidity.
踏板の曲げ剛性は、特に制限される事無く、種々の手段を用いて高める事が出来る。例えば、踏板を前述の様に肉厚の無機質材で形成し、それ自体で、曲げ剛性等を高める事が出来る。又、踏板を補強する手段として、踏板の長手方向の両端部を階段桁において固定するのも有効な手段となる。 The bending rigidity of the tread is not particularly limited and can be increased by using various means. For example, the tread can be formed of a thick inorganic material as described above, and the bending rigidity or the like can be increased by itself. Further, as a means for reinforcing the tread, it is also effective to fix both ends in the longitudinal direction of the tread on the stair girder.
平板状の通常の踏板は、凹凸形状、中空部を設ける等の立体的に構成すると、軽量化と共に、曲げ剛性向上の点で良く、特に、踏板の踏面部が形成する平面とは異なる平面を形成する部分、例えば、踏板に蹴込み部等を設ける事によって、踏板の曲げ剛性向上が図れる。蹴込み付き踏板とすれば、通常の踏面も維持出来、踏板と蹴込みとを別々に設ける必要が無くなり、より一層のコスト低減が図れる。蹴込み部は、踏板の踏面部から上側又は下側、更にはその双方から突出する様に設ける事が出来る。階段昇降に支障が無い限り、踏面部の下側に補強部を設ける事も出来る。 When a flat plate-shaped normal tread is configured in a three-dimensional form such as an uneven shape and a hollow portion, it is possible to reduce the weight and improve the bending rigidity, and in particular, a flat surface different from the plane formed by the tread surface portion of the tread plate. The bending rigidity of the tread can be improved by providing a portion to be formed, for example, a kicking portion or the like on the tread. If the tread board with a kick is used, the normal tread surface can be maintained, and it is not necessary to separately provide the tread board and the kick, so that the cost can be further reduced. The kick-in portion can be provided so as to protrude from the tread surface portion of the tread plate to the upper side or the lower side, or from both. As long as there is no hindrance to the stairs, a reinforcing part can be provided below the tread.
踏板は、蹴込み部も含めて、短辺が断面で見て略L字状となる形状にすると、更に発音量も低減する。踏板は、例えば、中空押出セメント成型板にするときには、中空部の気柱の共鳴音を防止する為に、長手方向の両端の開口部に栓をする事等で密閉し、容易に共鳴音を解消出来る。このとき、栓の役割を雌ねじとセメントを組合せて、隙間無く開口部を塞ぎ、かつ、雌ネジ位置を一定位置に設計すれば、踏板と階段桁の取付位置を必然的に設定出来、階段組付作業も容易になる。 If the tread has a shape in which the short side is substantially L-shaped when viewed in cross-section, including the kicked portion, the amount of sound generation is further reduced. For example, when a tread board is formed into a hollow extruded cement molded board, in order to prevent resonance sound of the air column in the hollow part, the tread board is sealed by, for example, plugging the openings at both ends in the longitudinal direction, and the resonance sound is easily generated. It can be solved. At this time, if the role of the plug is combined with an internal thread and cement, the opening is closed without a gap, and the internal thread position is designed at a fixed position, the mounting position of the tread and the stair girder can be inevitably set. Attaching work becomes easy.
階段桁は、形状、構造、材質等、特に制限される事は無いが、8mm厚鋼板と同等以上の曲げ剛性を有するタイプにする事で、更に階段構造の低周波騒音を改善出来る。 There are no particular restrictions on the shape, structure, material, etc. of the staircase girder, but the low frequency noise of the staircase structure can be further improved by using a type having a bending rigidity equal to or greater than that of an 8 mm thick steel plate.
本発明では、踏板上に階段マットを設ける事が出来る。階段マットは、種々の成分からなるゴム等を包含する種々のゴム材料から形成する事が出来る。階段マットは踏板に粘接着する事が出来る。 In the present invention, a stair mat can be provided on the tread. The stair mat can be formed from various rubber materials including rubber and the like made of various components. Stair mats can be glued to the tread.
階段マットは踏面部と段鼻部とを備える事が出来る。この場合、階段マットの踏面部と段鼻部の輝度差を充分大きくする事が出来、輝度差は明るさ、蛍光、等により設計する事が出来る。十分な輝度差で、階段の先端部を明瞭に出来、踏み外し等の防止が出来る。 The stair mat can be provided with a tread part and a nose part. In this case, the luminance difference between the tread surface portion and the nose portion of the stair mat can be made sufficiently large, and the luminance difference can be designed by brightness, fluorescence, and the like. With a sufficient brightness difference, the tip of the staircase can be clearly seen, and stepping off can be prevented.
又、階段マットは、表面上に凹凸部を有し、この凹凸部の凸部上に微細な凹凸部を形成する事が出来る。階段マット表面上の凹凸部及び微細な凹凸部はマット成形用型に予め設計しておく事で得る事が出来る。マット表面は、深い凹凸部等の模様に出来、美観の向上に役立つと共に、更にその凸部等に非常に浅いわずかな凹凸部等の模様を有する様にする事で、模様に変化を持たせ、ノンスリップ性が更に増し、より一層安全性の高い、低周波から高周波までの発音量の少ない階段が得られる。 Further, the stair mat has an uneven portion on the surface, and a fine uneven portion can be formed on the protruded portion of the uneven portion. The uneven portion and the fine uneven portion on the surface of the stair mat can be obtained by designing in advance in a mat forming mold. The mat surface can be formed into patterns such as deep irregularities, which is useful for improving the aesthetics, and also by making the irregularities such as slight shallow irregularities on the convexes. As a result, the non-slip property is further increased, and a much safer staircase with a low sound volume from low frequency to high frequency can be obtained.
上述の様に、好ましくは、鋼製階段の踏板は蹴込み部を備え、この踏板を無機質材から形成し、この踏板両端部を階段桁に固定し、段鼻材付きゴムマットを前記踏板に粘接着し、段鼻材付きゴムマットの踏面部と段鼻部の輝度差を充分大きくする。 As described above, the steel stair tread is preferably provided with a kick portion, the tread is formed of an inorganic material, both ends of the tread are fixed to the stair girder, and a rubber mat with a nose material is adhered to the tread. Wear it and make the difference in luminance between the tread part and the nose part of the rubber mat with nosing material large enough.
以下、本発明の実施の形態について更に詳しく述べる。
鋼製階段は本来、低コストで供用出来る事が前提であり、例えば、防音目的で複雑な防音処理を施して高い効果が得られても、高コストであっては受け入れられない。通常、鋼製階段の中高周波音は、階段の表面仕上マットで相当改善が可能であるが、低周波音を低減する事は不可能である。階段の踏板が鋼板であると、曲げ剛性の補強材、溶接コスト、防錆塗装等コスト増が大きく、踏板に鋼材を用いるメリットは無い。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail.
Steel staircases are originally premised on being able to be used at low cost. For example, even if a complicated soundproofing treatment is performed for the purpose of soundproofing and a high effect is obtained, it is not acceptable at high cost. Normally, the mid-high frequency sound of a steel staircase can be considerably improved by the surface finishing mat of the staircase, but it is impossible to reduce the low-frequency sound. When the step board of the staircase is a steel plate, the cost increases such as a bending rigidity reinforcing material, welding cost, rust prevention coating, etc., and there is no merit of using the steel material for the step board.
そこで、無機質板を用いると、剛性補強を行う鋼製踏板よりも低コストとなり、発音量も著しく低減し、特に、低周波音が低減する。無機質板の具体例としては、コンクリート板、PC板、中空押出しセメント成型板、ALC板等を例示する事が出来る。 Therefore, when an inorganic board is used, the cost is lower than that of a steel tread board that reinforces rigidity, and the amount of sound generation is remarkably reduced. In particular, low-frequency sound is reduced. Specific examples of the inorganic board include a concrete board, a PC board, a hollow extruded cement molded board, and an ALC board.
かかる無機質板を踏板として用いる場合、蹴込み部を含む部分で短辺断面が略L字状となったものを用いると、曲げ剛性が大きくなり、発音量が低減する丈でなく、踏板の取付と同時に蹴込みの取付も終了し、組立作業が早く簡単となり、施工上のメリットが出る。 When such an inorganic board is used as a tread, if a part including a kicked portion and having a short side cross section is substantially L-shaped, the bending rigidity increases and the amount of sound generation is not reduced. At the same time, the installation of the kick-in is completed, making assembly work quicker and easier, resulting in construction advantages.
無機質板は、成型時に、両端部の一定位置に、例えば、階段桁に対する固定部を設定し易く、これが別途固定部を設けるコスト増を抑える上で大きなメリットとなる。固定部としては、特に制限される事無く、種々の手段を用いる事が出来るが、雌ネジ等の螺着固定部とするのが良い。尚、本発明では、もちろん別途固定部を設けても良い。 The inorganic plate is easy to set, for example, a fixed portion for a stair girder at a fixed position on both ends at the time of molding, and this is a great merit for suppressing an increase in cost of providing a separate fixed portion. The fixing portion is not particularly limited, and various means can be used, but a screw fixing portion such as a female screw is preferable. In the present invention, of course, a separate fixing portion may be provided.
無機質板で、中空押出セメント成型板の様に、中空部と開口端を有するものを用いる場合、中空部は気柱共鳴音が生じ易いので、両端の開口端部に栓をする事等で密閉し、共鳴音の発生を回避すれば良い。又、開口部は、例えば、雌ネジ等の固定部とし、セメント等で隙間を埋めて栓に代えると、一定位置に固定部を設定出来、組立時に都合が良い。 When using an inorganic plate that has a hollow portion and an open end, such as a hollow extruded cement molded plate, the hollow portion is prone to air column resonance, so it is sealed by plugging the open ends at both ends. Then, it is only necessary to avoid the generation of resonance. The opening is a fixing part such as a female screw, for example. If the gap is filled with cement or the like and replaced with a stopper, the fixing part can be set at a fixed position, which is convenient for assembly.
踏板を非金属無機質板とする事で低周波音は充分低減出来るが、更に大きな改善効果を得たい場合は、階段桁が、その材質として8mm厚鋼板と同等以上の曲げ剛性を有する様にすると、低周波を更に低減出来る。 Low frequency sound can be reduced sufficiently by making the treadle a non-metallic inorganic board, but if you want to obtain a further great improvement effect, the stair girder should have a bending rigidity equal to or greater than that of an 8mm thick steel plate. The low frequency can be further reduced.
コスト面で許容可能であるなら、前述の踏板と階段桁とを併用する事が騒音防止の観点からは好ましい。鋼製階段の低周波音の改善には上記方法が現状では一番低コストで確実な方法である。 If it is acceptable in terms of cost, it is preferable from the viewpoint of noise prevention to use the above-mentioned tread board and the stair girder together. The above method is the most inexpensive and reliable method for improving the low frequency sound of steel stairs.
他に履物と踏板の直接接触音を防止するには、階段の仕上材又は表面材として、階段マットが最適である。階段マットの具備すべき要件としては、音の観点からは、衝撃吸収性に優れ、復元性の良いものであり、安全面では、必要に応じて段鼻材又は段鼻部を設ける事も出来るが、段鼻と階段マット踏面の輝度差の充分に大きいものであり、明瞭に階段先端部が認識出来る事とノンスリップ性である。 In addition, in order to prevent a direct contact sound between footwear and a tread, a stair mat is optimal as a finishing material or a surface material of a stair. As a requirement to be provided for the stair mat, from the viewpoint of sound, it is excellent in shock absorption and restoration, and in terms of safety, a nose material or a nose part can be provided as necessary. The difference in brightness between the nose and the staircase mat surface is sufficiently large. The tip of the staircase can be clearly recognized and is non-slip.
輝度の1つの目安としては、JIS−C−7614等により、踏面の輝度(a)と段鼻材の輝度(b)を測定し、a/bを輝度比とし、1.5以上を充分大きな輝度比とすれば、踏み込み外し事故は非常に少なくなる。 One measure of brightness is to measure the brightness of the tread (a) and the brightness of the nosing material (b) according to JIS-C-7614, etc., where a / b is the brightness ratio and 1.5 or more is a sufficiently large brightness. In comparison, accidents that cause stepping off are very few.
ノンスリップ性は、特に、水で濡れたときのノンスリップ性が求められる。ゴムは、一般に、乾燥時には滑り難いが、濡れると水膜が形成され、非常に滑り易くなる事がある。そこで、従来から、溝や凹凸模様で水膜を生じ難くする事が行われているが、これとて完全ではない。完全を期す為には、凹凸模様の凸面に更にわずかな凹凸模様を設ける事が出来る。これにより、凸部自体を水膜が形成され難くする事が出来、たとえ濡れても、更に滑り難く、より一層安全側に立った改善が可能である。 The non-slip property is particularly required to be non-slip when wet with water. Generally, rubber is difficult to slip when dried, but when wet, a water film is formed, which can be very slippery. Therefore, conventionally, it has been made difficult to form a water film with grooves and uneven patterns, but this is not perfect. For the sake of completeness, a slight uneven pattern can be provided on the convex surface of the uneven pattern. As a result, it is possible to make it difficult to form a water film on the convex portion itself, and even if it gets wet, it is more difficult to slip, and further improvement on the safe side is possible.
ノンスリップ性は、ゴムの濡れた時のJIS−A−1407等の床滑り抵抗係数(A)とゴムの乾燥時の床滑り抵抗係数(B)の測定値に基づく事が出来、その比(A/B)が0.7以上なら、濡れていても非常に滑り難いと判断される。 The non-slip property can be based on a measured value of a floor slip resistance coefficient (A) such as JIS-A-1407 when the rubber is wet and a floor slip resistance coefficient (B) when the rubber is dried, and the ratio (A If / B) is 0.7 or more, it is judged that it is very difficult to slip even when wet.
階段マットのゴムは、特に制限はなく、ゴム、エラストマーを単独又は複数配合する事が出来、各種ゴムやエラストマーを併用しても良く、場合によっては、プラスチック等と併用しても良い。これらのゴム等は、ゴム工業等で一般に使用される充填剤や可塑剤やその他の添加剤を使用すれば良い。 The rubber of the stair mat is not particularly limited, and rubbers and elastomers can be used alone or in combination, and various rubbers and elastomers may be used in combination. For these rubbers, fillers, plasticizers and other additives generally used in the rubber industry and the like may be used.
特に、ゴムマットと無機質板は粘接着層を介する固定が良く、この場合、粘接着材としては、粘性に富んだ粘弾性体が適しており、両面テープ、粘性に富んだ粘弾性体、粘着材を例示する事が出来る。それ等の中では、特に、環境中に溶剤が揮散する事を避ける為には、無溶剤タイプとする事が望ましい。又、リン系可塑剤も揮散による健康被害も報告例があるので、その様な物は使用しない事がこれからの供給者側には求められている。その様な中で、無溶剤型両面テープや、再生ゴムをベースポリマーとした無溶剤型の粘性に富む粘弾性体は、加硫ゲル分やカーボンを必然的に含有し、耐熱性や耐クリープ特性に優れる為、比較的厚みを厚く、例えば、0.5〜3mmで使用しても、問題は生じず、踏板とゴムマットを拘束材とした拘束型制振材が自動的に形成され、階段昇降により発生する歩行衝撃を緩和すると共に振動を軽減し易くなる。 In particular, the rubber mat and the inorganic board are preferably fixed via an adhesive layer. In this case, as the adhesive, a viscous viscoelastic body is suitable, such as a double-sided tape, a viscous viscoelastic body, An adhesive material can be illustrated. Among them, it is desirable to use a solvent-free type in order to prevent the solvent from evaporating in the environment. In addition, since there are reports of health problems caused by volatilization of phosphorus plasticizers and volatilization, it is demanded from the future suppliers that such products should not be used. Under such circumstances, solventless double-sided tape and solventless viscoelastic materials based on recycled rubber, which are rich in viscosity, inevitably contain vulcanized gel and carbon, and are resistant to heat and creep. Due to its excellent characteristics, there is no problem even if it is relatively thick, for example, 0.5 to 3 mm. A constrained damping material using a tread and a rubber mat as a constraining material is automatically formed. It becomes easy to reduce the vibration of walking while mitigating the walking impact caused by raising and lowering.
階段の昇降音は床衝撃音と類似した発音メカニズムと思われる。つまり、軽量床衝撃音と重量床衝撃音の混合した音であり、特に、低周波音は重量床衝撃音と類似している。それは、昇降時には体重移動を必然的に伴う事と比較的衝撃継続時間が長い事からであろうと思われる。それ故に、踏板を鋼材よりはるかに振動し難く、厚みの厚い無機質板とする事で、曲げ振動が抑制され、それに伴って、踏板からの放射音量が著しく低減するのである。 The sound of raising and lowering stairs seems to be a sounding mechanism similar to the floor impact sound. That is, the sound is a mixture of a light floor impact sound and a heavy floor impact sound. In particular, the low frequency sound is similar to the heavy floor impact sound. This is thought to be due to the fact that weight shift is inevitably involved when moving up and down and the impact duration is relatively long. Therefore, bending vibration is suppressed by making the tread board to be much harder than the steel material and thicker inorganic board, and accordingly, the radiation volume from the tread board is remarkably reduced.
図面を参照して、本発明をより一層詳細に説明する。
図1は本発明の1例の階段構造の側面図である。図2は図1の階段構造の正面図である。図3は本発明にかかる1例の踏板の斜視図である。図4は本発明にかかる他の例の踏板の斜視図である。図5は本発明にかかる階段マットの部分的な断面図であり、(a)は段鼻部を示す断面図であり、(b)は(a)の表面部を拡大した断面図である。図6は本発明にかかる更に他の例の踏板の斜視図である。
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a side view of a staircase structure according to an example of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view of the staircase structure of FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an example of a tread according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a tread of another example according to the present invention. FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of a staircase mat according to the present invention, (a) is a cross-sectional view showing a nose portion, and (b) is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the surface portion of (a). FIG. 6 is a perspective view of still another example of the tread according to the present invention.
図1は本発明の1例の階段構造1の側面図を示す。階段構造1は、階段桁2と、踏板3とを備え、踏板3は20〜60mmの厚みの非金属無機質材からなる。又、踏板3は踏面部3Aと蹴込み部3Bとを備える事が出来る。階段構造1は、基盤4上に台部材5を介して固定されている。階段桁2は垂直部2Aと傾斜部2Bとを備え、傾斜部2Bにおいて、踏板3がボルト6によって固定されている。階段構造1は、騒音測定によって、低周波騒音の著しい減少を示す。
FIG. 1 shows a side view of an example step structure 1 of the present invention. The staircase structure 1 includes a
図2は階段構造1の正面図を示す。階段構造1は、台部材5に階段桁2を設け、階段桁2の傾斜部2Bの所定位置に踏板3をボルトによって固定する事で得られる。図1ものと同様に、踏板3は、蹴込み部3Bを踏面部3Aと一体成型して得られるが、他の形態の踏板でも差し支えない。
FIG. 2 shows a front view of the staircase structure 1. The staircase structure 1 can be obtained by providing the
図3は、図1の階段構造1で用いる1例の踏板3の斜視図である。踏板3は中空押出セメント成型板からなり、踏面部3Aと蹴込み部3Bとの一体成型品として形成してある。踏板3の踏面部3Aの長手方向には、2本の中空部3Cがあり、それぞれの両端部はモルタル3Dで栓をし、このとき、雌ネジを切った鉄片7も芯/芯200mmの間隔でモルタル中に埋めて固定してある。
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an example of a
図4は他の例の踏板13の斜視図である。踏板13は型枠に雌ネジを切った鉄片17を200mm間隔で取り付け、配筋をした後、コンクリートを流し込み、脱型して作製したものであり、踏面部13Aと蹴込み部13Bとを同時に成型したものである。
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of another example of the
図5(a)及び(b)は段鼻材付ゴムマット8の部分断面図である。マット8は踏面部8Aと段鼻部8Bとを備える。踏面部8Aと段鼻部8Bの上面には、長手方向に数本の溝部8Cが形成されており、溝部8Cが凹部となり、溝部8Cの間が凸部8Dとなり、凹部と凸部とが交互に形成される様にしてある。マット8の下面には、粘着層9が形成されている。図5(b)に詳細に示す様に、踏面部8Aと段鼻部8Bの凸部8D上には浅い凹凸8Eが形成されている。
FIGS. 5A and 5B are partial cross-sectional views of the
図6は更に他の例の踏板23の斜視図である。踏板23は蹴込み部のない中空押出セメント成型板23Aからなる。図3の踏板3と同様に、中空部両端部は雌ネジを切った鉄片7の間を200mm間隔とし、モルタル3Dで栓をするものである。具体的には、中空押出セメント板を用意し、中空部両端に、実施例1と同様に、雌ネジを切った鉄片とモルタルとで、雌ネジが芯/芯200mmになる様にして、硬化乾燥させ、中空部の両端に栓と固定部を作る。
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of still another example of the
以下、図面を参照して、実施例及び比較例に基づき、本発明をより一層具体的に説明する。
図7は比較例にかかる踏板の斜視図である。図8は図7の踏板の断面図であり、(a)は図7のA−A線で切って見た踏板の断面図であり、(b)はB−B線で切って見た踏板の断面図である。
Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings, the present invention will be described more specifically based on examples and comparative examples.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a tread according to a comparative example. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the tread of FIG. 7, (a) is a cross-sectional view of the tread taken along the line AA in FIG. 7, and (b) is a tread taken along the line BB. FIG.
(実施例1)
図1及び2に示す様な階段構造を施工する。図3に示す様な踏板を作製し、図1及び2に示す様に、階段桁(鋼材厚み10mm)を取り付ける。踏板は、蹴込み部と一体化している。45mm厚×275mm幅×140mm蹴込み高さ×1000mm長さの中空押出セメント板(中空部2カ所)に、雌ネジを切った鉄片を芯/芯200mmピッチで中空部に設置し、モルタルで固定乾燥させて、踏板中空部の両端の栓とする。
Example 1
A staircase structure as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is constructed. A tread board as shown in FIG. 3 is produced, and as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a stair girder (steel material thickness 10 mm) is attached. The tread board is integrated with the kick-in part. 45mm thick x 275mm wide x 140mm kick height x 1000mm long hollow extruded cement plate (two hollow parts), iron pieces with internal threads cut installed in the hollow part with a core / core 200mm pitch and fixed with mortar It is made to dry and it is set as the stopper of the both ends of a tread board hollow part.
音性能実験は、前記踏板を図1及び2に示す様に取り付けて作製した階段を無響室に搬入し、踏板の踏面に、図5に示す様な段鼻材付きゴムマットを設置して行う。このゴムマットは、その下面の無溶剤型粘弾性体を用いて踏板に貼り付ける。このゴムマットは、以降、実施例、比較例とも、何れも同じゴムマットを使用する。 The sound performance experiment is performed by carrying a staircase prepared by attaching the tread plate as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 into an anechoic chamber and installing a rubber mat with a nose material as shown in FIG. 5 on the tread surface of the tread plate. This rubber mat is affixed to the tread using a solventless viscoelastic body on the lower surface. Hereinafter, the rubber mat is the same for both the examples and comparative examples.
鉄球(直径50φmm、880g)を高さ300mmから上記ゴムマット上に自然落下させた時(下から3段目の踏板のゴムマット上に落下させる。)と、衝撃力特性(II)の重量床衝撃源(以下、「SBRボール」と言う)を高さ600mmから3段目の踏板のゴムマット上に自然落下させた時の二種の衝撃で、踏板前方1m、高さ1mのマイク位置で各騒音測定を行い、その結果を表1に示す。 When an iron ball (diameter: 50 mm, 880 g) is naturally dropped from a height of 300 mm onto the rubber mat (it is dropped onto the rubber mat of the third stepping plate from the bottom), a heavy floor impact with impact force characteristics (II) Two kinds of impacts when a source (hereinafter referred to as “SBR ball”) is naturally dropped onto a rubber mat of a third step tread from a height of 600 mm, each noise at a microphone position 1 m in front of the tread and 1 m in height Measurements were performed and the results are shown in Table 1.
段鼻材付きゴムマットについては、輝度は、JIS−C−7614に準じ、マット踏面(a)と段鼻材の各々(b)の輝度を求め、a/bを輝度比として、表1に示す。又、同様に、マットのノンスリップ性は、JIS−A−1407に準じ、段鼻材とマット踏面の各々について、水で濡れた状況での床滑り抵抗値(A)と乾燥時の床滑り抵抗値(B)を測定し、A/Bを求め、表1に示す。 For the rubber mat with a nosing material, the luminance is shown in Table 1 with the luminance of the mat tread surface (a) and the nosing material (b) determined in accordance with JIS-C-7614 and a / b as the luminance ratio. Similarly, the non-slip property of the mat is in accordance with JIS-A-1407. For each of the nosing material and the mat tread, the floor slip resistance value (A) when wet with water and the floor slip resistance value when dried (B) is measured and A / B is determined and shown in Table 1.
(実施例2)
図1及び2に示す様な階段構造を施工する。この例では、図4に示す様な踏板を作製する。型枠内に、配筋と長辺両端に設ける雌ネジを所定位置に固定しておき、コンクリートを流し込み、蹴込み部付踏板50mm厚×275mm幅×140mm蹴込み高さ×1000mm長さを作製する。実施例1と同様に階段構造を施工し、音性能を測定する。詳しくは、実施例1の踏板4枚と、この例の方法で作製する踏板4枚とを取り換えて、実施例1で用いるのと同じ段鼻材付きゴムマットを粘接着して、衝撃源の鉄球、SBRボールを自然落下させ、実施例1と同じ条件で騒音測定を行う。結果を表1に示す。
(Example 2)
A staircase structure as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is constructed. In this example, a tread board as shown in FIG. 4 is produced. Inside the formwork, the bar arrangement and the female screws provided at both ends of the long side are fixed in place, and the concrete is poured to produce a tread with a kick-in part 50 mm thickness x 275 mm width x 140 mm kick-in height x 1000 mm length To do. A staircase structure is constructed in the same manner as in Example 1 and the sound performance is measured. Specifically, the four treads of Example 1 are replaced with the four treads produced by the method of this example, and the same rubber mat with a nose material used in Example 1 is adhesively bonded to the iron of the impact source. The sphere and the SBR ball are naturally dropped, and noise measurement is performed under the same conditions as in the first embodiment. The results are shown in Table 1.
(実施例3)
図1及び2に示す様な階段構造を施工するが、図6に示す様な踏板を用いる。この踏板は、中空押出セメント板(中空部2カ所)45mm厚×275mm幅×1000mm長さからなる。
(Example 3)
A staircase structure as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is constructed, and a tread board as shown in FIG. 6 is used. This tread has a hollow extruded cement plate (two hollow portions) 45 mm thick × 275 mm wide × 1000 mm long.
得られる踏板4枚を、実施例2で用いた階段の踏板4枚と取り換え、実施例1で用いた段鼻材付きゴムマットを粘接着して、実施例1と同じ衝撃源、測定条件で、騒音測定を行い、結果を表1に示す。 The obtained four treads were replaced with the four stair treads used in Example 2, the rubber mat with the nosing material used in Example 1 was adhesively bonded, and under the same impact source and measurement conditions as in Example 1, Noise measurement was performed and the results are shown in Table 1.
(比較例1)
図7及び8に示す様な踏板を4枚作製し、実施例1で用いた踏板と取り換えて、図1及び2に示す様な階段構造を施工する。
(Comparative Example 1)
Four treads as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 are produced and replaced with the treads used in Example 1, and a staircase structure as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is constructed.
図7は比較例1に用いた踏板33の斜視図であり、図7(a)は踏板33のA−A断面図、図7(b)は踏板33のB−B断面図である。踏板33は、縞鋼板を段鼻側と蹴込み側で折り曲げ、踏面部33Aと蹴込み部33Bと段鼻部33Cを形成する。踏板33は、裏面で、長辺方向に、2本の軽山形鋼33D(40mm×40mm×3.2mm厚)を溶接し、短辺の両端には、同じ断面の山形鋼33Eを同様に溶接するが、これには200mmピッチの取付穴33Fを設ける。踏板33の固定には、取付穴33Fを介するボルトナットを用いる。
7A and 7B are perspective views of the
得られる鋼製階段の踏板に、実施例1で用いるのと同じ段鼻材付きゴムマットを粘接着して、実施例1と同様に騒音測定を行い、結果を表1に示す。 The same rubber mat with a nose material as used in Example 1 was adhered to the steel stair board obtained, and noise measurement was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the results.
表1を参照し、実施例、比較例の結果から、本発明を詳細に説明する。
まず、段鼻材付きゴムマットの性能について、実施例1〜3、比較例1の表面仕上材は音性能に影響がある為、共通の段鼻材付きゴムマットを使用する。この段鼻材付きゴムマットは、表1に示す通り、ゴムマット踏面の輝度(a)、段鼻材の輝度(b)より、a/b=1.75を輝度比として持ち、輝度比の目安1.5以上となっており、明確に階段先端の段鼻材とゴムマット踏面の差が判り、踏み外しは生じないものとされる。
With reference to Table 1, this invention is demonstrated in detail from the result of an Example and a comparative example.
First, regarding the performance of the rubber mat with the nosing material, the surface finishing materials of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 have an influence on the sound performance, so the common rubber mat with the nosing material is used. As shown in Table 1, this rubber mat with nosing material has a luminance ratio of a / b = 1.75 based on the luminance (a) of the rubber mat tread and the luminance (b) of the nosing material. As described above, the difference between the nosing material at the tip of the staircase and the rubber mat tread surface can be clearly seen, and no stepping off occurs.
又、段鼻材付きゴムマットは、ノンスリップ性も、段鼻材、ゴムマット踏面、各々濡れた時(A)、乾燥時(B)の床滑り抵抗値の比(A/B)が、段鼻材で0.81、踏面で0.83となり、何れも、ノンスリップの目安0.7以上となり、濡れても非常に滑り難い事が判る。 The rubber mat with nosing material is non-slip, and the ratio of floor slip resistance value (A / B) when the nosing material and the rubber mat tread are wet (A) and when dried (B) is 0. 81, 0.83 on the tread, which is 0.7 or more of the non-slip standard, and it can be seen that it is very difficult to slip even when wet.
次に、階段騒音については、実施例1は、踏板として、中空押出セメント板の両端開口部において、雌ねじを切った鉄片とモルタルとを用い、栓と固定部とを形成したものであり、蹴込み部を含めて一体成型した踏板であり、補強を充分に行った鋼製踏板である比較例1と比べると、衝撃源が鉄球の場合も、SBRボールの場合も、各周波数で共に騒音が大きく改善されており、特に、63Hzでは大きく改善されている。又、騒音レベルも、比較例1と比べ、鉄球10.3dB(A)、SBRボールで13.2dB(A)の改善がある。 Next, with respect to staircase noise, Example 1 is the one in which a stopper and a fixing part are formed by using an iron piece and a mortar in which female threads are cut at both ends of a hollow extruded cement board as a tread. Compared with Comparative Example 1, which is a steel tread that has been integrally molded including the recessed portion and is a steel tread that has been sufficiently reinforced, both the shock source and the SBR ball have noise at each frequency. Is greatly improved, especially at 63 Hz. Also, the noise level is improved by 10.3 dB (A) for the iron ball and 13.2 dB (A) for the SBR ball as compared with the first comparative example.
実施例2は、踏板として、コンクリート板を型枠で成型し、同時に蹴込みも成型したものである。比較例1と比べて、鉄球での騒音レベルは12.4dB(A)改善し、SBRボールで17.1dB(A)の改善がある。非常に大きな改善であると共に63Hzでの改善が非常に大きい。 In the second embodiment, a concrete board is molded with a mold as a tread, and at the same time a kick is molded. Compared to Comparative Example 1, the noise level of the iron ball is improved by 12.4 dB (A), and the SBR ball is improved by 17.1 dB (A). It is a very big improvement and a great improvement at 63 Hz.
実施例3は、中空押出セメント板の開口両端において、モルタルと雌ねじを切った鉄片とを用い、栓と固定部とを作ったものである。但し、蹴込み部はない。ここでも、騒音レベルは、鉄球のとき7.2dB(A)改善され、SBRボールで11.5dB(A)改善されており、63Hzの低減量が何れの衝撃源共に大きくなっているが、蹴込み部を一体成型する実施例1及び2に比べると、著しい改善とは言えない。 In Example 3, a stopper and a fixing part are made using mortar and iron pieces having a female thread cut at both ends of a hollow extruded cement board. However, there is no kick section. Again, the noise level is improved by 7.2 dB (A) for the iron ball and 11.5 dB (A) by the SBR ball, and the reduction amount of 63 Hz is large for any impact source. Compared with the first and second embodiments in which the kick-in part is integrally molded, it cannot be said that the improvement is significant.
以上の様に、本発明は、高い曲げ剛性であるべき踏板に非金属無機質材を使う事で、コストアップ額を低くしたままで、防音面で大きな改善が出来、様々な階段構造の音性能の改善に適用出来得る。 As described above, according to the present invention, the non-metallic inorganic material is used for the tread that should have high bending rigidity, so that the cost can be greatly reduced and the sound performance can be greatly improved and the sound performance of various staircase structures can be achieved. It can be applied to improvement.
1 階段構造
2 階段桁
2A 垂直部
2B 傾斜部
3 踏板
3A 踏面部
3B 蹴込み部
3C 中空部
3D モルタル
4 基盤
5 台部材
6 ボルト
7 雌ネジを切った鉄片
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2010084342A (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-04-15 | Daiken Corp | Treadboard for soundproof staircase and soundproof staircase structure using the same |
JP2011196030A (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2011-10-06 | Tokyu Construction Co Ltd | Staircase structure and method for constructing the same |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0657899A (en) * | 1992-08-10 | 1994-03-01 | Nagashimaya:Kk | Tread for staircase and assembling thereof |
JP2005146785A (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2005-06-09 | Nitto Kako Kk | Mat for preventing slip on walking road surface |
JP2005273301A (en) * | 2004-03-25 | 2005-10-06 | Daiwa House Ind Co Ltd | Outdoor stairs |
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- 2005-12-05 JP JP2005350958A patent/JP4509011B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH0657899A (en) * | 1992-08-10 | 1994-03-01 | Nagashimaya:Kk | Tread for staircase and assembling thereof |
JP2005146785A (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2005-06-09 | Nitto Kako Kk | Mat for preventing slip on walking road surface |
JP2005273301A (en) * | 2004-03-25 | 2005-10-06 | Daiwa House Ind Co Ltd | Outdoor stairs |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2010084342A (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-04-15 | Daiken Corp | Treadboard for soundproof staircase and soundproof staircase structure using the same |
JP2011196030A (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2011-10-06 | Tokyu Construction Co Ltd | Staircase structure and method for constructing the same |
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