JP2007149014A - Data processor and data processing method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve convenience of a user in application software such as a spreadsheet software for processing information by item. <P>SOLUTION: A lesson evaluation device treats a set of attribute values specified for a plurality of items as record data on affiliation and achievement of a student. Record data for each student are displayed as a table-format data table. Attribute values corresponding to an item designated in an item selection field 292 are to be treated in an aggregation process. According to an aggregation condition specified in an aggregation condition setting filed 294, aggregation to attribute values with less kinds of attribute values corresponding the specified item is carried out. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for displaying data in a tabular format.

In recent years, with the spread of computers and the advancement of network technology, the exchange of electronic information via the network has become popular. As a result, many of the business processes that have been conventionally performed on a paper basis are being replaced by network-based processes. Advances in digitalization and network technology have drastically reduced information acquisition costs. Under such circumstances, a technique for searching for and analyzing necessary information from a large amount of information is desired.
JP 2004-252632 A JP 2003-18324 A

  Application software called Spread Sheet Software is widely used as an excellent user interface for processing large amounts of information. The present inventor has come up with the idea that the user convenience can be further improved by simply adding a simple function to application software such as spreadsheet software that processes data in item units.

  A main object of the present invention is to provide a technique for improving a user interface for data display.

One embodiment of the present invention is a data processing device for processing record data that is a set of attribute values set for each of a plurality of items.
This device displays a plurality of types of record data as a tabular data table, and among the attribute values of each record data corresponding to the item specified by the user, a plurality of attribute values to be aggregated are combined into one integrated attribute value. To update the display of the data table.

  It should be noted that any combination of the above-described constituent elements and a conversion of the expression of the present invention between a method, an apparatus, a system, a recording medium, a computer program, etc. are also effective as an aspect of the present invention.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the user interface in a data display can be improved.

  In this embodiment, a lesson evaluation system is taken as an example. First, an outline of the lesson evaluation system is described, and then “data aggregation display” which is a main feature of the present invention is described.

FIG. 1 is a hardware configuration diagram of a lesson evaluation system.
The lesson evaluation system 10 is a system for a student to evaluate lesson contents, assuming introduction to an educational institution such as a university. The class evaluation system 10 is a system used by teachers and students, and provides a mechanism for feeding back student responses to classes to class contents.

  The class evaluation system 10 includes a class evaluation apparatus 100, a mail server 202, and a plurality of client terminals 204. These are connected to each other via the Internet 200. The lesson evaluation apparatus 100 is used by a teacher (hereinafter, “teacher” is also referred to as “user” in the sense of clearly indicating that it is a user of the lesson evaluation apparatus 100). Each client terminal 204 is a general communication terminal equipped with a mail transmission / reception function, such as a mobile phone or a notebook computer used by students.

  First, the teacher sets an e-mail address dedicated to the course when the course is opened (hereinafter referred to as “course address”). For example, a course address such as “fraA@xxx.co.jp” is set for a course consisting of 12 classes “French A”. A student who takes a class in French A sends and receives an e-mail to and from the class evaluation apparatus 100 via the course address. For example, when a student attends a class, an “attendance mail” for notifying attendance is transmitted to the course address. The mail server 202 transfers the attendance mail received from the client terminal 204 to the lesson evaluation apparatus 100. The mail server 202 may be a general known device. The class evaluation apparatus 100 automatically counts which students attended which course by attendance mail.

In addition to this, the student transmits an impression email describing the impression of the class to the course address. The class evaluation device 100 performs natural language analysis on the impression mail and quantifies the degree of understanding and willingness of the students to the class. For example, if the impression mail contains many pre-defined “motivated words” such as “done”, “done”, and “want to do”, it can be determined that the student has a high level of understanding and willingness to learn. As such a natural language analysis method, a known method such as a Bayesian filtering method may be applied.
In this way, various information obtained from student e-mails is analyzed as useful information for improving class content.

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the lesson evaluation apparatus.
Each block shown here can be realized in hardware by an element such as a CPU of a computer or a mechanical device, and in software it is realized by a computer program or the like. Draw functional blocks. Therefore, those skilled in the art will understand that these functional blocks can be realized in various forms by a combination of hardware and software.

The class evaluation device 100 includes a user interface processing unit 110, a communication unit 120, a data processing unit 130, and a data holding unit 150.
The user interface processing unit 110 is in charge of processing related to the entire user interface such as input processing from the user and information display for the user. The communication unit 120 is in charge of communication processing with the client terminal 204 via the mail server 202. The data processing unit 130 executes various types of data processing based on data acquired from the user interface processing unit 110 and the communication unit 120. The data processing unit 130 also serves as an interface between the user interface processing unit 110 and the communication unit 120.
The data holding unit 150 stores various data such as setting data prepared in advance and an e-mail received from the data processing unit 130. The communication unit 120 includes a mail transmission / reception unit 122 that processes transmission / reception of mail.

  The user interface processing unit 110 includes a display unit 112 and an input unit 118. The input unit 118 receives an input operation from the user. The display unit 112 displays various information to the user. The display unit 112 further includes a table display processing unit 114 and an aggregate display processing unit 116. The table display processing unit 114 displays various data in a table format shown in FIG. The aggregate display processing unit 116 provides a setting user interface for aggregate display on the screen shown in FIG. 8 and the like, and updates the display contents of the data displayed by the table display processing unit 114. Details of the aggregate display will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

The data holding unit 150 includes a mail data holding unit 152, a student data holding unit 154, and a lesson data holding unit 156.
The mail data holding unit 152 holds an e-mail received from a student. The student data holding unit 154 holds student data. The student data is data registered in advance for the student, such as the department, age, gender, and student number. The lesson data holding unit 156 holds lesson data. The lesson data is data related to lessons that are aggregated based on information obtained from e-mails such as student attendance, test results, and impressions of lessons for each course.

The data processing unit 130 includes an email processing unit 132 and a lesson data management unit 138.
The mail processing unit 132 analyzes the contents of the electronic mail. The mail processing unit 132 includes a classification unit 134 and a matching determination unit 136. The classification unit 134 performs classification according to the contents of the email. As already mentioned, e-mails received from students are various such as attendance e-mails and impression e-mails. The classification unit 134 classifies the electronic mail according to the content. For example, an e-mail in which the word “attendance” is included in “subject” is classified according to a predetermined classification condition such as a condition that it is an attendance mail.

  The matching determination unit 136 determines whether the received electronic mail is valid mail as a processing target. For example, it can be said that an attendance email received before the start of a lesson is not valid. The matching determination unit 136 determines the validity of the received electronic mail according to a predetermined matching condition. Invalid email is excluded from analysis.

  The lesson data management unit 138 manages data related to courses as lesson data for each lesson. For example, various data such as an average score of an examination, a student's understanding level analyzed from an impression mail, and a lesson plan are managed as lesson data. The lesson data management unit 138 includes a student management unit 140 and a setting unit 142. The student management unit 140 manages the student's learning state such as the degree of understanding and attendance rate of the class. The setting unit 142 sets various conditions related to the analysis of the e-mail such as the conditions of the matching determination unit 136 and the classification unit 134.

FIG. 3 is a screen view of the menu screen of the lesson evaluation apparatus.
When a user who is a teacher logs in to the lesson evaluation apparatus 100, first, the menu screen 210 is displayed. The course selection area 212 displays a list of currently opened courses. Here, three courses of “French A2005”, “French B2005” and “French C2005” are opened. In the figure, “French A2005” is selected.

  When one of the buttons included in the menu button group 214 is selected, a screen for accessing various lesson data about the course selected in the course selection area 212 is displayed. The attendance book button 216 is a button for displaying the attendance status of students. The submission management button 220 is a button for displaying the submission status such as homework. The test result button 222 is a button for displaying a list of test results. The consistency check button 224 is a button for displaying a screen for setting consistency conditions. The medical record button 226 is a button for displaying information on the student's lesson attitudes and grades as “karte”. The notification button 228 is a button for displaying a screen for notifying notification items related to lessons such as absence notice. The voting button 230 is a button for displaying a screen for collecting students' opinions.

  Here, in order to explain only the basic functions of the lesson evaluation apparatus 100, the menu is displayed when the attendance book button 216, the impression reception button 218, and the test result button 222 are selected from the button group of the menu button group 214. The attendance book screen 240, the impression reception screen 250, and the test result screen 260 will be described. Then, “data aggregation display” will be described in detail for a test result display screen 270 that displays student test results as a data table.

FIG. 4 is a screen view of the attendance book screen.
The attendance book screen 240 is displayed when the attendance book button 216 is clicked on the menu screen 210 of FIG. The teacher shows the secret words of the class to the students at the start of the class. The secret word may be shown verbally in the classroom. The student who attended the class inputs this password and sends an attendance email to the course address. The classification unit 134 classifies the attendance mail, and the matching determination unit 136 determines whether the correct password is described in the attendance mail. If it is a valid attendance email, the lesson data management unit 138 recognizes the student who is the sender of the attendance email as a regular attendee. The display unit 112 displays the names of students attending the class on the attendance list screen 240.

  The secret word is a mechanism to prevent students who are not actually attending from attending. As a variation for attendance management, an attendance management method based on the position of the client terminal 204 can be considered. For example, when the client terminal 204 is equipped with a GPS (Global Positioning System) function, the attendance mail may include position information of the client terminal 204 at the time of transmission. Based on this position information, the alignment determination unit 136 determines whether it is an attendance mail from a student who is actually in the classroom. In addition to GPS, the client terminal 204 may transmit the connected base station ID as location information.

The class selection area 242 displays the attendance status regarding each class of the “French A2005” class. According to the figure, the lesson of this course is the fourth, and the attendance rate for the four lessons is listed. In the lesson selection area 242, the fourth lesson of the theme “pronunciation of R” is selected. The attendance status display area 244 displays a list of names of students attending the fourth class selected in the class selection area 242. Here, of the 6 students registered in the course, 5 students except for “Takeharu Yoshiharu” attend the class.
When the lesson evaluation apparatus 100 accepts the attendance mail, the display unit 112 automatically updates the contents of the attendance book screen 240, so that the teacher can grasp the attendance status of each student in real time and accurately using the attendance book screen 240.

FIG. 5 is a screen view of an impression acceptance screen.
The impression acceptance screen 250 is displayed when the impression acceptance button 218 is clicked on the menu screen 210 of FIG. When the class is over, the student sends an impression email to the course address. This feedback email allows the teacher to immediately know the student's reaction to the lesson. The lesson selection area 252 displays the reception status of the impression mail regarding each lesson of the “French A2005” course. In the class selection area 252, the fourth class is selected. The impression list area 256 displays a list of student's impressions regarding the fourth class selected in the class selection area 252. Furthermore, the impression display area 254 displays the impression of the student “Mayumi Arai” selected in the impression list area 256.

  Here, when the teacher sets the keyword “question”, the student whose word “question” is included in the impression mail is marked with an asterisk. This feature allows teachers to easily find feedback emails that contain questions.

FIG. 6 is a screen view of the test result screen.
The test result screen 260 is displayed when the test result button 222 is clicked on the menu screen 210 of FIG. When the test is performed during the class, the user inputs the scoring result via the user interface processing unit 110. The student may send an answer email describing the answer to the exam to the course address. Moreover, the lesson evaluation apparatus 100 may be provided with a scoring function. The scoring results are displayed on the test result screen 260 as the results of each student's test.

  The test selection area 262 displays the result of each test related to the “French A2005” course. According to the figure, the past five tests have been carried out. In the test selection area 262, the fourth test result on June 22 is selected. The test result list area 264 displays a list of student test results for the fourth test selected in the test selection area 262. Test results include scores, rankings, changes in scores compared to the previous test, and the like.

  The test results can also be saved as a CSV (Comma Separated Values) format file. For example, in the case of the student “Hideyuki Ishida”, data such as “80 (point)” and “2 (rank)” is set as an attribute value for each item such as “score” and “rank”. The lesson data management unit 138 generates a test result file in CSV format from student data and lesson data according to a predetermined format. The table display processing unit 114 displays the test result file in a table format.

FIG. 7 is a screen view of a test result display screen.
The test result display screen 270 is a screen when the table display processing unit 114 displays a test result file. This figure displays a test result file for a test conducted on June 22, 2005 of the “French A2005” course. The class data holding unit 156 holds, for example, a set of attribute values for a plurality of items such as name, department, rank,... As record data of the student “Mayumi Arai”. The test result file is a CSV file in which record data for a plurality of students are arranged in a table format. The table display processing unit 114 displays a test result file on the test result display screen 270 in such a manner that attribute values are arranged for each item for the record data of each student.

  The name column 272 shows the name of the student. The department column 274 indicates the department to which the student belongs. The score column 276 indicates the score of the student, the rank column 278 indicates the rank of the exam, and the previous score column 280 indicates the previous score. An attendance rate column 282 indicates an attendance rate for the class. In the test result file, information not directly related to the test, such as the attendance rate, is set as one of the items. Here, in order to confirm the relationship between the student's grade and the attendance rate, such items are set. The reply character number column 284 indicates the total number of characters of the comment mail for the “French A2005” course. The information on the number of characters is not directly related to the test, but is set in order to see the correlation between the number of characters and the test result. The user can freely set the items of the test result file via the input unit 118. The test result file is generated by the lesson data management unit 138 in accordance with user setting input.

  In the score field 276 of the test result display screen 270, the score of the student is displayed in units of one point. However, such detailed information is not necessarily required. In fact, if you just want to give an overview of the student's exam results, the score display in units of one point is rather difficult to read. In such a case, the user aggregates the amount of information of each student, such as less than 10 points, 10 points to 19 points, 20 points to 29 points,..., 90 points to 99 points, 100 points. May be.

FIG. 8 is a screen diagram of the first aggregation screen.
First, the user selects an item to be aggregated (hereinafter referred to as “aggregated item”). Aggregation means that the types of attribute values of each record data corresponding to the aggregated items are grouped into the following types. For example, the case where 10 types of scores of 70 points, 71 points,..., 79 points are combined into one type as a 70-point range is applicable. The item selection column 292 is a column for selecting an aggregate item. Here, the score column 276 is selected as an aggregation item. The aggregation condition setting field 294 is an area for setting an aggregation method. Here, a condition is set in which student scores are aggregated in increments of 10 points (hereinafter simply referred to as “aggregation conditions”). The aggregated column setting column 296 is an area for designating a position where a column generated as a result of aggregation (hereinafter referred to as “aggregated column”) should be inserted on the test result display screen 270. Here, it is specified to be inserted before the column of the score column 276. According to the setting shown in the figure, the attribute values in the score column 276 are collected in increments of 10 points. That is, 101 types of attribute values from 0 to 100 points are aggregated into 11 types of attribute values of 0 points, 10 points,..., 90 points, 100 points.

FIG. 9 is a screen view of the test result display screen updated based on the setting in the first aggregation screen of FIG.
In the test result display screen 270 of FIG. 7, an aggregation item column 300 is added to the test result display screen 270 of FIG. 7. That is, the aggregation item column 300 is an aggregation column newly generated in accordance with the aggregation condition set on the first aggregation screen 290 of FIG. The aggregation display processing unit 116 aggregates the scores of 99 points “Mayumi Arai” and 90 points “Haruyuki Sato” together as “90 points”. The attribute value after being aggregated according to the aggregation condition, such as “90 points”, is referred to as “integrated attribute value”. On the other hand, original attribute values such as “90 points” and “91 points” are called “original attribute values”.

  In this way, the aggregate display processing unit 116 aggregates the various types of original attribute values of each student's score into a smaller number of integrated attribute values, newly generates an aggregate item column 300, and displays the test result display screen 270. It has been updated. The aggregated display processing unit 116 aggregates the original attribute values of 7 types of scores of 7 students excluding “Yuki Inoue” who have not taken the test into 4 types of integrated attribute values according to the required accuracy. Information can be aggregated. Therefore, the readability of the test result display screen 270, in other words, the information transmission ability can be enhanced. In addition, the aggregate display processing unit 116 changes the order of the record data so that the record data of “Mayumi Arai” and “Haruyuki Sato” belonging to the same “90 points” are adjacent to each other on the display. is doing. By such processing, the readability of information is further improved.

Here, it has been described that the aggregated item column 300 is generated as a new aggregated column and inserted into the test result display screen 270, but the score column 276 may be replaced with the aggregated item column 300. In this case, the consolidated item field 300 is displayed instead of the score field 276.
Further, the user can appropriately select an item to be displayed and an item not to be displayed. For example, if the user designates the reply character number field 284 as not to be displayed, the aggregate display processing unit 116 does not reply on the display even though the attribute value for the reply character number field 284 is included in the test result file. The character number column 284 is not displayed. According to such processing, even for record data including a large number of items, only desired items can be displayed. Thereby, in the test result display screen 270, only necessary information can be easily selected as a display target.

  The “aggregation” in the present embodiment is not only the aggregation of numerical type original attribute values such as scores into integrated attribute values corresponding to a range such as “70 points”. For example, if the attribute value is a date type, the original attribute value is aggregated into an integrated attribute value by specifying a date and time range according to an aggregation condition such as “every 3 days from June 10, 2005”. Also good.

In addition to this, various setting methods can be considered for the aggregation condition from various viewpoints. For example, the aggregation condition is based on statistical information obtained from the relationship with other data such as “higher than the average score of all students” or “this score is higher than the past self-average score”. It may be set.
Furthermore, the aggregation condition can be set even for an item having text information instead of a numerical value as an attribute value as in the undergraduate column 274. This will be described next.

FIG. 10 is a screen diagram of the second aggregation screen.
This second aggregation screen 310 is displayed when the user directly designates the integrated attribute value, not the aggregation by the numerical value range. The item selection column 314 is an area for selecting an aggregation item. In the figure, the undergraduate column 274 is selected as the aggregation item. The aggregation condition setting field 316 is an area for setting the aggregation condition. Here, based on the premise that “Faculty of Engineering” is located in “Second Campus” and “School of Science, Faculty of Literature, Faculty of Law, and Faculty of Economics” are located in “Headquarters Campus”, each original attribute value corresponding to the faculty is It is aggregated into an integrated attribute value called campus name. The aggregated column setting field 312 is an area for designating the insertion position of the aggregated column. Here, it is set to replace the column in the undergraduate column 274 with the aggregated column instead of creating a new one.

FIG. 11 is a screen view of a test result display screen that is updated based on the settings in the second aggregation screen of FIG.
In the test result display screen 270 of FIG. 7, the department column 274 of the test result display screen 270 of FIG. That is, the aggregation item column 320 is an aggregation column newly generated according to the aggregation condition set on the second aggregation screen 310 of FIG. As shown in the figure, the attribute values for the faculties to which each student belongs are collected into an integrated attribute value called a campus name to which each student belongs.

  Such a relationship between the faculty and the campus may be prepared as a predetermined aggregation condition in advance. In that case, the user simply aggregates the attribute values in the department column 274 as the original attribute values, and the department is aggregated to the campus. Of course, the user may be able to arbitrarily set the integrated attribute value for the original attribute value. For example, “Faculty of Engineering” and “School of Science” may be aggregated as “Science” and the others may be aggregated as “Humanities”. According to such an aggregation function, various types of attribute values can be aggregated from the viewpoint of the user.

  In addition, “Mayumi Arai” may belong to “Department of Information Engineering” in “Faculty of Engineering”, and “Haruyuki Sato” may belong to “Department of Aeronautical Engineering” of “Faculty of Engineering”. On the second aggregation screen 310, “Mayumi Arai” is “Faculty of Engineering / Department of Information Engineering”, and “Haruyuki Sato” is “Faculty of Engineering / Department of Aeronautical Engineering”. May be used. The hometown of “Hideyuki Ishida” and “Haruyuki Sato” may both be “Osaka”. Since these two persons share the same hidden attribute value “Birthplace” that does not appear on the test result display screen 270, a new item “Birthplace” may be set.

The present invention has been described above based on the embodiments.
According to the lesson evaluation apparatus 100 shown in the present embodiment, various data obtained when operating the lesson evaluation system 10 can be displayed with the accuracy required by the user. In the present embodiment, the aggregation function has been described using the lesson evaluation system 10 as a theme, but it is needless to say that the aggregation function described in the present embodiment is not limited to the lesson evaluation system 10 and can be widely applied. For example, a product name is often named as “series name + model name”, but can be collected as “series name”. The information “Tokushima” can be aggregated into the information “Shikoku”, or can be aggregated from various viewpoints such as “Western Japan”, “Japan”, “prefecture with population of 800,000 or more”. Therefore, it becomes easy for the user to grasp the outline of various kinds of information. The characteristic aggregation function in the present embodiment may be provided as a plug-in for existing spreadsheet software.

Note that the function of the table display unit described in the claims is mainly realized by the display unit 112, particularly, the table display processing unit 114 in the present embodiment. The functions of the aggregation setting unit, the integrated attribute value setting unit, and the display conversion unit described in the claims are realized mainly by the cooperation of the aggregation display processing unit 116 and the input unit 118 in this embodiment.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the functions to be fulfilled by the constituent elements described in the claims are realized by a single function block or a combination of the functional blocks shown in the present embodiment.

  The present invention has been described based on the embodiments. This embodiment is an exemplification, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to combinations of the respective constituent elements and processing processes, and such modifications are also within the scope of the present invention. is there.

It is a hardware block diagram of a lesson evaluation system. It is a functional block diagram of a lesson evaluation apparatus. It is a screen figure of the menu screen of a lesson evaluation apparatus. It is a screen figure of an attendance book screen. It is a screen figure of an impression reception screen. It is a screen figure of a test result screen. It is a screen figure of a test result display screen. It is a screen figure of a 1st aggregation screen. It is a screen figure of the test result display screen updated based on the setting in the 1st aggregation screen of FIG. It is a screen figure of a 2nd aggregation screen. It is a screen figure of the test result display screen updated based on the setting in the 2nd aggregation screen of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

  10 class evaluation system, 100 class evaluation device, 110 user interface processing unit, 112 display unit, 114 table display processing unit, 116 aggregated display processing unit, 118 input unit, 120 communication unit, 122 mail transmission / reception unit, 130 data processing unit, 132 mail processing unit, 134 classification unit, 136 consistency determination unit, 138 class data management unit, 140 student management unit, 142 setting unit, 150 data holding unit, 152 mail data holding unit, 154 student data holding unit, 156 class data holding Department, 200 Internet, 202 mail server, 204 client terminal, 210 menu screen, 240 attendance screen, 250 impression reception screen, 260 test result screen, 270 test result display screen, 290 1st collection Screen, 310 second-intensive screen.

Claims (5)

A data holding unit that holds multiple types of record data that is a set of attribute values set for each of a plurality of items;
A table display unit for displaying a plurality of types of record data held as a tabular data table;
Among the attribute values of each record data corresponding to the item specified by the user, an aggregation setting unit that specifies a plurality of attribute values to be aggregated according to an input operation by the user,
An integrated attribute value setting unit for setting an integrated attribute value as a value obtained by aggregating the plurality of specified attribute values into one according to an input operation by a user;
A display conversion unit that updates and displays the data table by aggregating the plurality of attribute values designated as aggregation targets into the integrated attribute value;
A data processing apparatus comprising:   The display conversion unit changes the arrangement order of the record data in the data table so that the record data including the attribute values aggregated into the integrated attribute value are adjacent when the data table is updated and displayed. The data processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:   The aggregation setting unit detects an input operation by a user for setting an aggregation condition common to attribute values to be aggregated, and specifies the plurality of attribute values to be aggregated according to the set aggregation condition. The data processing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that A method for processing record data that is a set of attribute values set for each of a plurality of items,
Displaying multiple types of record data as a tabular data table;
Of the attribute values of each record data corresponding to the item specified by the user, a step of specifying a plurality of attribute values to be aggregated according to the input operation by the user,
Setting an integrated attribute value as a value obtained by aggregating the plurality of specified attribute values into one according to an input operation by a user;
A step of updating and displaying the data table by aggregating the plurality of attribute values designated as aggregation targets into the integrated attribute value;
A data processing method comprising: This is a program for processing record data that is a set of attribute values set for each of multiple items, and after multiple types of record data are displayed as a tabular data table,
Among the attribute values of each record data corresponding to the item specified by the user, a function to specify a plurality of attribute values to be aggregated according to the input operation by the user,
A function of setting an integrated attribute value as a value obtained by aggregating the plurality of specified attribute values into one according to an input operation by a user;
A function of updating and displaying the data table by aggregating the plurality of attribute values designated as aggregation targets into the integrated attribute value;
A data processing program characterized by causing a computer to exhibit.

Images