JP2007139144A - Valve unit - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a suitable valve unit for high speed opening and closing by making it a simple structure. <P>SOLUTION: It is the valve structure which opens and closes by moving to touch and separate a valve element 3 in the axial line of a valve seat. In the valve unit which the above valve element 3 is reciprocating driven toward the above axial line by the drive mechanism 10, the above drive mechanism 10 has the movable bodies 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 which extend toward the above axial line and guide toward the axial line by a guide member 18, 19 on both ends and the movable body 14 is connected integrally with the above valve element 3 on the end or so as to make it as a unit. The movable body has a stable point on both sides to the axial line while an intermediate part 16 between both guide members can be displaced orthogonally to the above axial line on the above axial direction, and the drive body 23, 24 is provided to the location of each stable point for driving the movable body alternately toward one of the stable point and another stable point in the intermediate part. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a valve device, and more particularly to a valve device that enables high-speed opening and closing.

  The valve device may be required to open and close at high speed. For example, a high-speed on-off valve is installed in a device that instantaneously increases the temperature of a high-pressure fluid to the reaction temperature by instantaneously flowing a high-pressure fluid into the reaction chamber, generating a shock wave, and shock-compressing the reactant in the reaction chamber Is used.

Such a valve device is disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example. As shown in FIG. 4 of the accompanying drawings, the valve device of Patent Document 1 is provided with an open end of a tube body 51 communicating with a reaction chamber that projects into a cylinder 52 and is disposed in the cylinder 52. An opening at one end of the tube body can be freely opened and closed by a piston 53 as a valve body. The opening of the tubular body extends in a bowl shape, and a cylindrical portion 51A is provided at the opening end thereof. The piston 53 also has a cylindrical portion 53A, and the cylindrical portion 53A is guided by the inner surface of the cylindrical portion 51A. The inside of the cylinder 52 is divided into a pressurizing space P on the tube 51 side and a back pressure space B on the opposite side by a piston 53, and a compression spring 54 is arranged in the back pressure space B. On the other hand, an urging force is applied to the pipe body 51. In this valve device, when a high-pressure fluid is equally fed into the pressurizing space P and the back pressure space B by the air feeding pipes 55 and 56, an applied force in the back pressure space B is applied as a force acting on the piston 53. Since this is larger than the applied force in the pressurizing space P by the amount of the spring biasing force, the piston 53 closes the tube body 51. Next, when the valve of the exhaust pipe 57 is opened and the high-pressure fluid in the back pressure space B is instantaneously discharged from the exhaust pipe 57, the applied force of the pressurizing space P prevails, and the piston 53 The piston 53 moves against the force, and a gap is formed between the piston 53 and the pipe body 51, and the high-pressure fluid in the pressurized space P flows into the pipe body 1 from this gap. This instantaneous inflow of the high-pressure fluid generates a shock wave in the tube body 1, and the reaction material is shock-compressed in the reaction chamber by this shock wave to raise the temperature to the reaction temperature, and the reaction is performed.
JP 2004-43268 A

  However, in such an apparatus of Patent Document 1, the open / close time of the pipe body 51 is three times of the discharge time of the back pressure fluid in the exhaust pipe, the operation time of the piston, and the operation time of the open / close valve in the exhaust pipe. It is determined by the time when the person is superimposed. Originally, since the exhaust pipe on-off valve itself is not at high speed, it takes time to discharge the back pressure fluid and the operation time of the piston.

  In view of such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a valve device that can be opened and closed at a high speed with a simple structure.

  The valve device according to the present invention is a valve structure in which the valve body moves toward and away from the valve seat in the axial direction of the valve body to close and open the valve, and the valve body is driven by a drive mechanism. It is driven back and forth in the axial direction.

  In such a valve device, in the present invention, the drive mechanism has a movable body that extends in the axial direction and is guided in the axial direction by guide members at both ends, and the movable body is integrated with the valve body at one end. None, or connected so as to be integrated, the movable body is displaceable in the direction of the axis in the direction perpendicular to the axis, and has stable points on both sides of the axis. In addition, a drive body that alternately drives the movable body toward one stable point at the intermediate portion and toward the other stable point is provided at the position of each stable point.

  According to the device of the present invention having such a configuration, when the driving body located at one stable point pushes the intermediate portion of the movable body in a direction perpendicular to the axis, the movable body exceeds the unstable neutral point on the axis. Displace quickly towards the other stable point. In this case, the amount of displacement between one stable point and the other stable point is larger than the amount of displacement in the axial direction at one end of the movable body. Therefore, the displacement at the intermediate point of the movable body is transmitted to one end of the movable body while changing the direction of displacement from the direction perpendicular to the axis to the axial direction and increasing the displacement speed. Thus, the valve body operates at a high speed due to the enlarged displacement speed at one end of the movable body, and the valve opens and closes at a high speed. Next, the movable body displaced to the other stable point is displaced in the opposite direction by the operation of the driving body on the other stable point side, and returns to the one stable point. By this reciprocation, the opening and closing operations of the valve are repeated.

  In the present invention, the movable body includes a linear motion portion guided by both guide members, and two oscillating portions between the linear motion portions and connected in series by a linear motion portion and a pin, The connecting portion in which the swinging portions are connected by pins can form a driven portion that is driven by the driving body. That is, in this embodiment, the linearly moving portion and the swinging portion are formed as a link mechanism using a rigid member, and the link members are connected to each other in series so as to be rotatable with pins. In this link mechanism, when a pin that forms a node connecting the link members as the swinging portion is positioned on the axis, this position becomes a dead point.

  In the present invention, even if the movable body does not depend on the link mechanism, the movable body is formed of a member having flexibility at the intermediate portion, and both end sides having no flexibility are guided by the guide member. it can. That is, the intermediate portion is formed of one flexible member and operates with a bending deformation so as to buckle toward both sides of the dead center on the axis.

  In the present invention, the driving body preferably has a stopper that keeps the displacement of the movable body constant by keeping the stable point at a fixed position. This is because the time required for opening and closing the valve can be kept at a predetermined time.

  It is preferable that the driving body is a hydraulic cylinder device or a cam device provided with a piston that can change the position of the stable point. In this case, the piston or cam automatically has a stopper function. The opening / closing time of the valve can be changed by changing the setting position of the stable point.

  In this invention, it is preferable that the movable body is urged | biased toward the intermediate part by the spring etc. by the other end side. This biasing force of the spring increases the displacement speed after the movable part exceeds the neutral point.

  In the present invention, the valve body is provided at each of the inlet portion and the outlet portion of the pipe body having a valve seat at the inlet portion and the outlet portion, and the valve body at the inlet portion and the valve body at the outlet portion are opened and closed at a set timing. If this is the case, the fluid can be allowed to flow into the tube at a high pressure, for example, after the shock wave is generated in the tube, the fluid can be discharged at a high speed.

  Such a valve device according to the present invention is applicable to a pressure adjusting device, a chemical reaction device, an instantaneous high-pressure fluid ejection device, and the like.

  First, the pressure adjusting device can be used repeatedly as a pressure relief valve that can be used repeatedly and has a short opening time, for example, as a safety measure. For example, after the pressure rise is detected by the pressure sensor, the pressure can be released as soon as the threshold value is exceeded, and the same mechanism can be used to close the valve instantaneously, facilitating quantitative operations (operating the flow rate in a step function). it can.

  Next, in the chemical reaction apparatus, a large amount of high-pressure fluid can be instantaneously supplied in a constant amount, and can be used as a constant amount cut-off valve that can be instantaneously stopped. For example, it can be applied to instantaneous quantitative cut-out of reaction stop / deceleration fluid in a reaction tank of a reactor, and a predetermined reaction is instantaneously stopped under a predetermined temperature condition to prevent excessive cooling fluid from being supplied. Because it can, avoid too low the temperature for a given temperature. As a result, it can be put in at high speed and with a high momentum, so that it can be quickly mixed with the mother molten metal when inserted. Since the high-pressure fluid can be introduced at a high speed, the stirring and mixing in the reaction vessel can be promoted according to the magnitude of the momentum at the time of introduction. When a liquid is contained inside the reaction tank, the shear stress between the fluids that contact at high speed is large, so that atomization or suspension (emulsion) can be obtained quickly.

  Also, as an instantaneous high-pressure fluid injection device, it can be used as a valve for a device that instantaneously supplies a rapid cooling fluid (water) at a predetermined high flow velocity (pressure) when a high-temperature melt flows out. It is possible to prevent a steam explosion, which is a concern when the flow velocity of the fluid (water) starts flowing out slowly. Alternatively, it can also be used as a fluid injection control valve for attitude control of a flying object such as a rocket.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the drive mechanism for driving the valve body is integrated with the valve body in the movable body extending in the axial direction that is the moving direction of the valve body, and the intermediate portion of the movable body is perpendicular to the axis by the drive body. By driving and displacing in the direction, the direction of this displacement is converted into an axis, and the displacement speed is increased to displace one end of the movable body, that is, the valve body, so that the valve can be opened and closed in a very short time. . Moreover, in the present invention, it is sufficient for the intermediate portion to act as a trigger on the driving body, and at least the driving force is not required after the neutral position where the displacement of the movable body exceeds the unstable point. Since it goes to the point, the driving force is small and it can be configured as a simple device.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 of the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a main part of a reaction apparatus using the valve device of the present embodiment. The reaction apparatus has an outer cylinder 1 and an inner cylinder 2, and one end side of the inner cylinder 2 forming a reaction chamber can be freely opened and closed by a valve body 3 in the outer cylinder 1. An annular space 4 between the outer cylinder 1 and the inner cylinder 2 is filled with a high-pressure fluid. The valve body 3 is slidable in the axial direction with respect to the outer cylinder 1 with its outer peripheral surface sealed with the outer cylinder 1. The valve body 3 allows the high-pressure fluid in the annular space 4 to flow into the inner cylinder 2 when a gap is formed between one end (the left end in the figure) of the inner cylinder 2, When the body 3 is pressed against one end of the inner cylinder 2, the high pressure fluid is prevented from flowing in. A conical portion 3A is formed on the inner surface of the valve body 3 to reduce the resistance when the high-pressure fluid flows into the inner cylinder 2. A reactive substance is supplied to the other end region (not shown) in the inner cylinder 2 at a predetermined time, and the reactive substance is shocked by a shock wave that is generated when the high-pressure fluid is instantaneously introduced from the one end and moves toward the other end. Compressed to reach reaction temperature. The substance after the reaction, that is, the reaction product is appropriately taken out from the tube as a product from the other end side.

  The valve body 3 has a valve stem 5 extending outward in the axial direction, and the valve stem 5 is connected to a drive device 10 described below.

  The drive device 10 has four straight rods 11, 12, 13, and 14 as movable bodies, and these are links connected in series so as to be rotatable around each pin by pins 15, 16, and 17, respectively. Forming mechanism. The rods 11 and 14 at both ends form a linearly moving portion that is slidably guided on the axis in the longitudinal direction by the slide guide members 18 and 19, and the intermediate rods 12 and 14 connected between the rods 11 and 14. 13 is swingable around the pins 15, 16, and 17 and forms a swinging portion.

  The right rod 14 forming the linear motion part is integrated with the valve stem 5, and the left rod 11 is connected to the movable plate 20. The movable plate 20 receives a rightward biasing force from a compression spring 22 as a biasing member disposed between the movable plate 20 and the movable plate 20, and transmits this to the rod 11.

  Cylinder devices 23 and 24 as driving bodies are provided at predetermined positions from the axis at the upper and lower positions of the pin 16 as the connecting portion connecting the two rods 12 and 13 as the swinging portions located in the center in the left-right direction. Is arranged. The portion of the pin 16 as the connecting portion forms a driven portion that is pressed and driven by the cylinder devices 23 and 24 as driving bodies. The cylinder devices 23 and 24 can variably set the distance from the axis, or the cylinder devices 23 and 24 can variably set the strokes of the piston rods 23A and 24A. As the cylinder device, hydraulic cylinders such as hydraulic pressure, pneumatic pressure, and hydraulic pressure, or electromagnetic cylinders can be used. The piston rods 23A and 24A have a function as a driving body that causes the displacement of one of the pins 16 in the vertical direction, and also function as a stopper that regulates the amount of vertical displacement of the pin 16 portion. Have. That is, the two rods 12 and 13 forming the swinging portion are pushed downward by one cylinder device, for example, the piston rod 23A of the upper cylinder device 23, at the portion of the pin 16 connecting them. Oscillating around the pins 15 and 17, the rods 12 and 13 pass through the position of the unstable neutral point on the axis line with the rods 11 and 14, and contact the piston rod 24 </ b> A of the lower cylinder device 24. Swings downward to a stable position. During this swinging displacement, when the rods 12 and 13 are at the neutral position, the rods 11 and 14 move straight to the left and right in the direction farthest from each other, and the portion of the pin 16 comes into contact with the piston rods 23A and 24A. The rods 11 and 14 move linearly toward each other. In such a link mechanism, a dead point is formed at the position of the neutral point, and a stable point is formed at a contact position with the piston rod. At this time, since the lateral displacement amount of the rods 11 and 14 is smaller than the vertical displacement amount at the pin 16, the displacement speed of the rod 14 is increased more than the displacement speed of the pin 16, and the rod 14 operates at high speed. To do.

  Such an apparatus of this embodiment operates as follows.

  (1) First, the reactant is filled in advance into the inner cylinder 2 forming the reaction chamber.

  (2) Next, when the piston rod 23A of the cylinder device 23 is retracted, the rod 12 that receives the biasing force of the spring 22 from the rod 11 rotates upward around the pin 15, and the pin 16 moves toward the piston rod 23A. It comes to the stable point where it abuts. Pulled by this pin 16, the rod 13 rotates around the pin 17 and rises, so that the rod 14 moves to the left. As a result, the valve body 3 moves to the left to form a gap with the left end opening of the inner cylinder 2, and the high-pressure fluid in the annular space 4 flows into the inner cylinder 2 through this gap. Since the opening operation of the valve body 3 is instantaneously performed at high speed, the fluid of this high-pressure fluid also flows in at high speed.

  (3) The high-pressure fluid that has flowed into the inner cylinder 2 at a high pressure generates a shock wave. The shock wave travels to the right in the inner cylinder 2 and reacts by compressing the reactants in the inner cylinder 2 by impact compression.

  (4) Next, when the piston rod 23A of the upper cylinder device 23 is advanced (protruded), as shown in FIG. 2A, the portion of the pin 16A is pressed by the piston rod 23A and displaced downward, Pass the position of the unstable neutral point. At the moment of being at the neutral point, the valve body 3 is closed. At this time, the reaction product as a product is taken out from the inner cylinder 2 and filled with the next reactant. This removal and filling operation is performed in synchronism with the operation of the valve.

  (5) The portion of the pin 16A passes through the position of the unstable neutral point in an instant and is displaced to a position where it abuts on the piston rod 24A that is retracting the lower cylinder device 24 as shown in FIG. At this time, the valve body 3 is again opened. Therefore, the high-pressure fluid flows into the inner cylinder 2 at a high pressure and generates a shock wave. This shock wave impact-compresses the reactive substance filled in the inner cylinder 2 immediately before.

  (6) Thereafter, the piston rod 24A is advanced, and the portion of the pin 16A is displaced upward as shown in FIG. 2 (C). When the neutral point is reached, the valve element 3 is in a closed state. At this time, the reaction product is taken out and the next reactant is charged. Thus, the state of FIG. 1 is restored again.

  The valve device of the present invention can be used both on the inlet side and on the outlet side of one inner cylinder.

  For example, as seen in FIGS. 3A to 3D, the valve body 3 is provided at the left end inlet portion and the right end outlet portion of the inner cylinder 2. The drive device may be the same as that shown in the figure, but synchronizes both valve bodies 3 according to the sequence.

  In FIG. 3A, both valve bodies 3 are in an open state.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 3B, the inlet side valve body 3 is opened, a high-pressure fluid is allowed to flow into the inner cylinder 2 at a high speed, a shock wave travels to the right, and the reactants are compressed.

  As shown in FIG. 3C, this compression is continued until immediately after the shock wave reaches the outlet valve body 3 and a reflected wave is generated. By this compression, the reactant is impact-compressed to produce a reactant.

  Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 3D, the inlet side valve body 3 is closed, the outlet side valve body 3 is opened, and the reaction product as a product is taken out from the outer cylinder 1 on the outlet side.

  The present invention is not limited to the illustrated form and can be variously modified. For example, the shape of the portion where the valve body is in contact with and away from the valve seat is not a flat surface as shown in the figure, but the valve body and the valve seat are made conical to each other and are brought into surface contact with each other when the valve body is closed. be able to. By doing so, a close contact seal between metals becomes possible, and the valve body can be made of a highly durable metallic seal material. By this metal contact seal, water vapor of about 10 atm can be sealed.

  Next, the shape of the valve body and its periphery. When the valve body is opened, the resistance when the high-pressure fluid flows is made as small as possible. For example, the shape of the valve body and its periphery is determined so that the flow of the high-pressure fluid on the upstream side and the flow of the high-pressure fluid on the downstream side with respect to the valve body are substantially in the same direction. That is, the flow direction of the high-pressure fluid is not changed before and after the valve body. In general, a contracted flow is generated in the vicinity of the valve body and the pressure loss is increased. However, by adopting the shape as described above, both the contracted flow and the pressure loss can be avoided, and the fluid discharge flow rate can be increased. Alternatively, when the flow direction must be changed between the upstream side and the downstream side depending on the design conditions of the valve device, the valve body and the surrounding wall surface are bent so that the flow path has a low resistance shape. Moreover, it adjusts by increasing a channel cross-sectional area.

  Further, the valve device of the present invention can be opened at a higher speed. For example, if the valve seat and the valve body are operated with a sliding range in the opening and closing direction, the valve body is sufficiently accelerated in this sliding range so that it opens when it is out of the sliding range. Therefore, the high-pressure fluid promotes rapid inflow when opening, and is extremely effective when used for the purpose of generating shock waves, for example.

It is sectional drawing which shows one Embodiment apparatus of this invention. 1 is a diagram showing the order of the operation steps of the apparatus, in which (A) shows a state where the movable body is at an unstable neutral point, (B) shows a lower stable point, and (C) shows an unstable neutral point again. It is a schematic block diagram which shows other embodiment apparatus of this invention, (A) is the valve body provided in both ends of the inner cylinder both closed, (B) is an inlet side valve body open, and an outlet side valve body is Closed, (C) is the same as (B), but when a reflected wave is generated, (D) shows the state where the inlet side valve element is closed and the outlet side valve element is opened. It is sectional drawing which shows the conventional valve apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 Valve body 10 Drive mechanism 11-17 Movable body 11,14 Linear motion part 12,13 Oscillating part 15,16,17 Pin 16 Intermediate part 18,19 Guide member 22 Energizing member (spring)

Claims (7)

  A valve structure in which a valve body moves toward and away from a valve seat in the axial direction of the valve body to close and open the valve, and the valve body is reciprocated in the axial direction by a drive mechanism In the apparatus, the drive mechanism has a movable body extending in the axial direction and guided in the axial direction by guide members at both ends, and the movable body is integrated with or integrated with the valve body at one end. The movable body is movable in the axial direction between the guide members in a direction perpendicular to the axis and has stable points on both sides with respect to the axis. A valve device characterized in that a drive body is provided at a position to alternately drive a movable body toward one stable point and toward the other stable point at an intermediate portion.   The movable body has a linear motion portion guided by both guide members, and two oscillating portions between the linear motion portions and connected in series by a linear motion portion and a pin. The valve device according to claim 1, wherein the connecting portions connected by pins form a driven portion driven by a driving body.   The valve device according to claim 1, wherein the movable body is formed of a member having flexibility at an intermediate portion, and both end sides having no flexibility are guided by guide members.   The valve device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the driving body has a stopper for keeping a stable point at a fixed position.   5. The drive body according to claim 1, wherein the drive body is a hydraulic cylinder device or a cam device provided with a piston for changing the position of a stable point. 6. Valve device.   4. The valve device according to claim 1, wherein the movable body is biased by a biasing member toward the intermediate portion on the other end side.   The valve body is provided at each of the inlet portion and the outlet portion of the pipe body having a valve seat at the inlet portion and the outlet portion, and the valve body at the inlet portion and the valve body at the outlet portion are opened and closed at a set timing. The valve device according to one of claims 1 to 5.

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