JP2007117887A - High-temperature fluid injection valve, and high-temperature water injection internal combustion engine provided with the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a high-temperature fluid injection valve which prevents a deterioration in sheet function between a needle valve and a valve seat and in operation of the needle valve, which are the most important elements of the injection valve even if an injection fluid is a strong corrosive fluid of a high-temperature such as supercritical-state water, has a high durability, and exerts a fuel injection performance of a high-precision, and a high-temperature water injection internal combustion engine provided with the high-temperature fluid injection valve. <P>SOLUTION: The high-temperature fluid injection valve has a constitution that a high-temperature fluid containing supercritical-state water pressurized to the predetermined pressure is guided into a needle valve chamber, and a flow path between the needle valve chamber and a jet hole is opened and closed by an attachment and detachment of the valve sheet and a sheet portion of the needle valve reciprocatingly sliding on an inner periphery of a case member with a driving by a needle valve opening and closing means to control the injection of the high-temperature fluid from the jet hole. The needle valve comprises an integral construction of stellite materials. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention is applied to a water injection internal combustion engine, a prime mover equipment equipped with the water injection internal combustion engine, and the like, and guides a high-temperature fluid containing supercritical water pressurized to a predetermined pressure to a needle valve chamber of the injection valve. , By opening and closing the flow path between the needle valve chamber and the injection hole by attaching and detaching the seat part of the needle valve driven by the needle valve opening and closing means and the valve seat, the high temperature fluid is injected from the injection hole. The present invention relates to a high-temperature fluid injection valve configured to be controlled and a high-temperature water-injection internal combustion engine provided with the high-temperature fluid injection valve.

Various water-injection internal combustion engines have been proposed in which fuel and water are injected into a cylinder of an engine to lower the combustion temperature and reduce the amount of NOx generated. In the water-injection internal combustion engine, water is injected into the cylinder. The water injection valve for injecting fuel is the most important factor for maintaining high engine performance as well as reducing NOx generation.
As one of water injection type internal combustion engines that meet such demands, the present inventors have proposed a high-temperature water injection internal combustion engine that generates supercritical water as shown in FIG. 4 and injects it into a cylinder from an injection valve. Proposed by

That is, FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram showing a schematic overall configuration of a power generation apparatus having a high-temperature water-injection internal combustion engine. In the figure, 100 is a water-injection internal combustion engine (hereinafter referred to as an engine), and 101 is directly connected to the engine. It is a generator. 102 is a supercharger, 103 is an air cooler, 106 is an exhaust branch pipe of each cylinder, 104 is an exhaust collecting pipe, and 114 is an exhaust pipe at the outlet of the supercharger 102.
Reference numeral 110 denotes a high temperature side heat exchanger, 111 denotes a low temperature side heat exchanger, and 113 denotes a water supply system including a water pump, a water tank, and the like.

In such a power generator equipped with a high temperature water injection internal combustion engine, the exhaust gas from the water injection internal combustion engine 100 enters the exhaust collecting pipe 104 from the exhaust branch pipe 106 of each cylinder, and the high temperature side heat provided in the exhaust collecting pipe 104 is provided. After exchanging heat with water, which will be described later, in the exchanger 110, the turbine of the supercharger 102 is driven, and heat exchange with water, which will be described later, is performed in the low temperature side heat exchanger 111 provided in the exhaust pipe 114. It is discharged outside after going.
On the other hand, the water introduced into the low temperature side heat exchanger 111 from the water supply system 113 is subjected to primary heating by exchanging heat with the exhaust gas at the outlet of the supercharger 102 in the low temperature side heat exchanger 111, Next, heat is exchanged with the high-temperature exhaust gas introduced into the high-temperature side heat exchanger 110 and flowing through the exhaust collecting pipe 104 to be subjected to secondary heating to become supercritical water at 450 ° C. or higher.
This supercritical water is injected into the cylinder of the engine 100 from a water injection valve (not shown) through the high temperature water pipe 112 at a predetermined timing with respect to fuel injection from a fuel injection valve (not shown).
The high-temperature water injection internal combustion engine is also applied to a marine propulsion device that drives a propeller 302 via a propeller shaft 301 instead of the generator 101, as shown in FIG. .

  Further, in the invention of Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-3924) relating to the application of the present applicant, the fuel pressurized to a predetermined pressure is guided to the needle valve chamber and driven by the needle valve opening / closing means, and the nozzle The fuel injection from the nozzle hole is controlled by opening and closing the flow path between the needle valve chamber and the nozzle hole by attaching and detaching the seat portion of the needle valve that reciprocally slides on the inner periphery of the tip and the valve seat. In the fuel injection valve configured as described above, the needle valve opening and closing means includes a magnetostrictive member arranged in a magnetic field with an opening degree of a pilot valve that opens and closes a hydraulic oil passage between the hydraulic oil chamber and the hydraulic oil tank. The needle valve seat is closed by closing the hydraulic oil passage by the opening and closing valve, the needle valve seat is seated on the valve seat, and the hydraulic oil passage is opened by the pilot valve. The needle valve is opened by separating the head and valve seat That constitute a super magnetostrictive actuator, to allow a minute displacement control of the needle valve lift, it is configured to exhibit a high-precision fuel injection performance.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-3924

  In the high-temperature water injection internal combustion engine as shown in FIG. 4, the low-temperature side heat exchanger 111 and the high-temperature side heat exchanger 110 are heated in two stages by exhaust gas, and have a high temperature and high pressure of about 450 ° C. and 35 MPa. By injecting supercritical water into the cylinder of the engine 100 from the water injection valve at a predetermined timing with respect to the fuel injection from the fuel injection valve, the NOx generation amount of the engine 100 is reduced, By collecting the exhaust gas with supercritical water, the engine output can be increased and the thermal efficiency can be improved.

  The fuel injection valve in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1 relating to the application of the present applicant enables a fine displacement control of a needle valve lift by using a giant magnetostrictive actuator and a pilot valve as needle valve opening and closing means, and highly accurate fuel injection. Although it is configured so as to exhibit performance, when a fuel injection valve for a high-temperature water injection internal combustion engine as shown in FIG. 4 is applied, the injection fluid is super corrosive at a high temperature of about 450 ° C. Because of the critical state water, in such an injection valve that operates with fuel near normal temperature, the operation of the needle valve, which is the most important element of the injection valve, and the seat function between the needle valve and the valve seat may be reduced. There is a problem to solve such problems.

  In view of the problems of the prior art, the present invention is concerned with the operation of the needle valve and the needle valve and valve seat, which are the most important elements of the injection valve, even if the injection fluid is a highly corrosive fluid such as supercritical water. It is an object to provide a high-temperature fluid injection valve capable of exhibiting high durability and high-precision fuel injection performance, and a high-temperature water-injection internal combustion engine equipped with such a high-temperature fluid injection valve. To do.

The present invention achieves such an object. A high-temperature fluid containing supercritical water pressurized to a predetermined pressure is guided to a needle valve chamber, and is driven by a needle valve opening / closing means to reciprocately slide on the inner periphery of a case member. A high temperature configured to control the injection of high-temperature fluid from the nozzle hole by opening and closing the flow path between the needle valve chamber and the nozzle hole by attaching and detaching the seat part of the needle valve and the valve seat In the fluid injection valve, the needle valve is configured as an integral structure of stellite material.
In this case, the stellite material is preferably stellite # 6 or stellite # 12, or sintered stellite.

According to this invention, since the stellite material having high strength at high temperature, high hardness, high wear resistance and high corrosion resistance is applied to the needle valve, the supercritical state water having a jet fluid of about 450 ° C. and about 35 MPa is used. Even for high-temperature and high-pressure fluids such as these, the strength of the needle valve and the occurrence of corrosion fatigue due to the operation of such high-temperature and high-pressure corrosive fluid are avoided, and the wear of the seat part between the needle valve and the valve seat is avoided. it can. As a result, even when a corrosive fluid of high temperature and high pressure as described above is used as the injection fluid, highly accurate fuel injection performance that enables minute displacement control of the needle valve lift can be demonstrated, and high durability is achieved. A high temperature fluid injection valve is obtained.
Further, the needle valve has a simple shape, can be easily formed by machining a cylindrical body, and even if a stellite material with poor machinability is used, the needle valve can be manufactured without impairing the workability.

In this invention, the valve seat on which the seat portion of the needle valve is seated is preferably configured as follows.
(1) The valve seat is made of a steel material having a surface hardness of Hv (Vickers hardness) 600 or more. Specifically, high-hardness steels such as carburized steel and tool steel are preferred with emphasis on wear resistance.
If comprised in this way, since a valve seat can be integrally formed in a nozzle tip by machining, a structure is simple and it becomes low-cost.

(2) The valve seat is configured by building up a stellite material on the surface of a base material made of a heat-resistant steel (Claim 3).
If constituted in this way, for example, a valve seat with a stellite material having high hardness, high wear resistance and high corrosion resistance on the surface of a heat resistant steel material such as SUS410, SUS440, JIS-SUH031. By using this seating surface, wear and corrosion wear of the seating surface of the valve seat can be suppressed, and by combining with a needle valve made of a stellite material, a high-temperature fluid injection valve with high durability can be obtained.

In this invention, the case member on which the needle valve reciprocally slides is made of a steel material having lower hardness than the needle valve and having heat resistance and corrosion resistance (Claim 4).
If constituted in this way, the case member in which the needle valve reciprocally slides on the inner surface is made of a heat-resistant steel material having lower heat resistance and corrosion resistance than a needle valve such as JIS-SUS410, SUS440, or SUH3 material. As a result, the high-temperature strength in a corrosive environment is large, the sliding conformability with the needle valve is improved, the seizure resistance of the needle valve is improved, and the operating performance is increased.

As described above, the high temperature fluid injection valve having the characteristics described above, the supercritical state water pressurized to a predetermined pressure is led to the needle valve chamber of the high temperature fluid injection valve, and the seat portion of the needle valve driven by the needle valve opening / closing means A high-temperature water injection internal combustion engine configured to control supercritical water injection from the nozzle hole by opening and closing a flow path between the needle valve chamber and the nozzle hole by attaching and detaching the valve seat By using (Claim 5), even if the jet fluid is a highly corrosive fluid such as supercritical water, it prevents the operation of the needle valve and the deterioration of the seat function between the needle valve and the valve seat. Thus, it is possible to provide a high-temperature water injection internal combustion engine that has high durability and can exhibit high-precision fuel injection performance.
The high temperature fluid includes high temperature and high pressure water such as high temperature water and supercritical water.
The present invention can also be applied to prime mover equipment equipped with the high-temperature water injection internal combustion engine configured as described above as one of prime movers or prime movers.

According to the present invention, since the stellite material having high strength at high temperature, high hardness, high wear resistance and high corrosion resistance is applied to the needle valve, the needle valve associated with the operation of high temperature and high pressure corrosive fluid Strength, corrosion fatigue and wear of the seat between the needle valve and the valve seat can be avoided, and fine displacement control of the needle valve lift is possible even when high temperature and high pressure corrosive fluid is used as the injection fluid Thus, a high-temperature fluid injection valve with high durability and high durability can be obtained.
Further, since the shape of the needle valve is simple, it can be easily formed by machining a cylindrical body, and even if a stellite material with poor machinability is used, the needle valve can be manufactured without impairing workability.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the component parts described in this example are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention only to specific examples unless otherwise specified. Only.

FIG. 1A is an enlarged vertical sectional view in the vicinity of a needle valve and a nozzle tip according to an embodiment of the present invention (an enlarged view of a Z portion in FIG. 3), and FIG. 1B is a partial sectional view showing a second example of a valve seat. is there. FIG. 2 is a side view of the needle valve. FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a water injection valve including a magnetostrictive actuator of the high temperature / high pressure water injection type internal combustion engine according to the embodiment.
1-3, 200 is a water injection valve, 1 is an injection valve main body of the injection valve 200, 3 is a nozzle tip fastened and fixed to the tip of the injection valve main body 1 by a nozzle nut 40, and 4 is the nozzle tip A plurality of nozzle holes 6 are drilled at the tip of 3, and a sack portion 6 communicates with the nozzle hole 4.
Reference numeral 031 is a needle valve case, and 5 is a needle valve. As shown in FIG. 1, the needle valve 5 has a fitting diameter portion 5c fitted into a needle valve hole 1z bored in the needle valve case 031 so as to be slidable back and forth. Are combined. In the needle valve case 031, the needle valve 5 reciprocates and slides in the needle valve hole 1 z. Therefore, the needle valve case 031 has lower hardness, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance than the needle valve 5 such as JIS-SUS410 material, SUS440, or SUH3 material. Made of heat-resistant steel.
A conical seat portion 5a is formed at the tip of the needle valve 5. The seat portion 5a is attached to and detached from a valve seat 3a formed at the upper end portion of the nozzle tip 3, thereby allowing the needle valve chamber 5b ( The details will be described later), and the sack portion 6 and the nozzle hole 4 are communicated and blocked. 5z is the center of the needle valve.

A spacer 8 is interposed between the injection valve main body 1 and the lower part 1a. Reference numeral 10 denotes a main body side tightening nut, and the main body side tightening nut 10 is screwed into the lower portion of the injection valve main body 1 so that the spacer 8 is placed between the upper surface of the needle valve case 031 and the lower surface of the injection valve main body 1. It is clamped fluid tightly.
Reference numeral 40 denotes a nozzle nut, which is screwed into the lower threaded portion 4a of the needle valve case 031 as shown in FIG. 1 so that the joint surface 23 between the upper surface of the nozzle tip 3 and the lower surface of the needle valve case 031 is fluid-tight. Tightened to. Reference numeral 24 denotes a knock pin for aligning the nozzle tip 3 and the needle valve case 031. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 22 denotes a lubricating oil passage to which lubricating oil for lubricating the sliding portion of the needle valve 5 is supplied.
5b is a needle valve chamber formed with the outer peripheral surface of the needle valve 5 facing, 7 is an inlet of the injection fluid (supercritical water in this embodiment) to the needle valve chamber 5b, and 7a is an inlet connector. A high-temperature jet fluid from a jet fluid inlet pipe (not shown) is introduced into the needle valve chamber 5b through the jet fluid inlet 7.

27 is a hydraulic oil inlet, and 12 is a hydraulic oil chamber in which hydraulic oil introduced from the hydraulic oil inlet 27 is accommodated. Reference numeral 9 denotes a connecting member that transmits hydraulic oil pressure in the hydraulic oil chamber 12 to the needle valve 5.
30 is a giant magnetostrictive actuator, and 31 is a pilot valve operated by the giant magnetostrictive actuator 30. The pilot valve 31 opens and closes the hydraulic oil chamber 12 and a return passage to a hydraulic oil tank (not shown), The needle valve 5 is opened and closed.

During operation of the high-temperature water injection internal combustion engine having such a configuration, when the needle valve 5 is closed, the pilot valve 31 is closed by the giant magnetostrictive actuator 30, and the hydraulic oil pressure in the hydraulic oil chamber 12 is changed to the connection. It acts on the upper surface of the member 9.
A current is applied to the magnet of the giant magnetostrictive actuator 30 to displace the giant magnetostrictive material (both not shown), and the pilot valve 31 connected thereto is lifted to move the hydraulic oil chamber 12 and the hydraulic oil tank (shown). When the return passage to (not shown) is communicated, the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil chamber 12 is discharged to the hydraulic oil tank side through the return passage, and the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic oil chamber 12 acting on the needle valve 5 is discharged. The needle valve 5 is settled and the needle valve 5 is opened at a position where the force by the force and the force by the jet fluid in the needle valve chamber 5 b are balanced, and the jet fluid in the needle valve chamber 5 b passes through the sack portion 6. It is injected from the injection hole 4 into the cylinder.

In FIG. 2 which shows the detail of the needle valve 5, 5c is a fitting diameter part, and it is fitted in the needle valve hole 1z drilled in the needle valve case 031 so that reciprocation is possible. Reference numeral 5f denotes a small diameter portion, and the needle valve chamber 5b is formed between the outer periphery of the small diameter portion 5f and the inner periphery of the lower hole 031a of the needle valve case 031 as shown in FIG. Reference numeral 5e denotes a needle valve top, and an upper end surface 5d of the needle valve top 5e abuts on a lower surface of the connecting member 9, and hydraulic pressure acting on the connecting member 9 is transmitted from the upper end surface 5d to the needle valve 5. It has come to be.
As described above, a conical seat portion 5a is formed at the tip of the needle valve 5, and the seat portion 5a is attached to and detached from the valve seat 3a formed at the upper end portion of the nozzle tip 3 as shown in FIG. As a result, the needle valve chamber 9 and the oil sump 6 and the nozzle hole 4 are communicated with each other.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the needle valve 5 is constructed of a stellite material, specifically, a stellite # 12 and sintered stellite integrated structure.
A portion of the valve seat 3a formed on the upper end portion of the nozzle tip 3 on which the seat portion 5a of the needle valve 5 is seated is made of a corrosion resistant and heat resistant steel material having a surface hardness of Hv (Vickers hardness) 600 or more. The valve seat 3a is preferably made of high-hardness steel such as carburized steel or tool steel in consideration of wear resistance.

According to this embodiment, since the stellite material having high strength at high temperature, high hardness, high wear resistance and high corrosion resistance is applied to the needle valve 5, it is like the high temperature water injection internal combustion engine shown in FIG. In addition, even if the jet fluid is a high-temperature and high-pressure fluid of supercritical state water of about 450 ° C. and 35 MPa, the strength of the needle valve 5 is reduced due to the operation of the high-temperature and high-pressure corrosive fluid, and the occurrence of corrosion fatigue. Further, it is possible to avoid wear of the seat portion between the needle valve 5 and the valve seat 3a.
As a result, even when a corrosive fluid of high temperature and high pressure as described above is used as the injection fluid, highly accurate fuel injection performance that enables minute displacement control of the needle valve lift can be demonstrated, and high durability is achieved. A high temperature fluid injection valve is obtained.
Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the needle valve 5 has a simple shape, can be easily formed by machining and polishing a cylindrical body, and even if a stellite material having poor machinability is used, the workability is impaired. The needle valve 5 can be manufactured without any special processing man-hours.

Moreover, since the part of the valve seat 3a formed in the upper end part of the said nozzle tip 3 is comprised with corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steel materials with surface hardness Hv (Vickers hardness) 600 or more, such as carburized steel and tool steel, The valve seat 3a can be integrally formed on the upper end portion of the nozzle tip 3 by machining, the structure of the valve seat 3a forming portion of the nozzle tip 3 is simplified, and the nozzle tip 3 is reduced in cost.
Further, the needle valve case 031 in which the fitting diameter portion 5c of the needle valve 5 reciprocally slides is made of a heat-resistant steel material having lower heat resistance and corrosion resistance than the needle valve 5 such as JIS-SUS410 material. As a result, the high-temperature strength in a corrosive environment is high, the sliding conformability with the needle valve 5 is improved, the seizure resistance of the needle valve 5 is improved, and the operating performance is increased.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1B, another example of the valve seat valve seat 3a is formed by overlaying a stellite material 29 on the surface of a base material made of a heat-resistant steel material such as JIS-SUH031 material. ing.
With this configuration, the seating surface of the valve seat 3a is formed by building up the stellite material 29 having high hardness, high wear resistance and high corrosion resistance on the surface of the base material made of the heat resistant steel material. By doing so, wear and corrosion wear of the seating surface of the valve seat 3a can be suppressed, and a high-temperature fluid injection valve having high durability can be obtained by combining with the needle valve 5 made of stellite.

The present invention is for a marine propulsion device that drives a propeller 302 via a propeller shaft 301 as shown in FIG. The present invention can also be applied to a high-temperature water injection internal combustion engine.
The present invention can also be applied to prime mover equipment equipped with the high-temperature water injection internal combustion engine configured as described above as one of prime movers or prime movers.

  According to the present invention, even if the injection fluid is a highly corrosive fluid such as supercritical water, the operation of the needle valve, which is the most important element of the injection valve, and the seat function of the needle valve and the valve seat are improved. It is possible to provide a high-temperature fluid injection valve capable of preventing the deterioration and exhibiting high durability and high-precision fuel injection performance, and a high-temperature water-injection internal combustion engine provided with such a high-temperature fluid injection valve.

(A) is an enlarged vertical sectional view in the vicinity of a needle valve and a nozzle tip according to an embodiment of the present invention (Z portion enlarged view of FIG. 3), and (B) is a partial sectional view showing a second example of a valve seat. It is a side view of the needle valve which concerns on the said Example. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the water injection valve containing the magnetostriction actuator of the high temperature water injection internal combustion engine which concerns on the said Example. (A) is a block diagram which shows the schematic whole structure of the electric power generating apparatus provided with the high temperature water injection internal combustion engine, (B) is a partial block diagram of the ship propulsion apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Injection valve body 3 Nozzle tip 4 Injection hole 5 Needle valve 5b Needle valve chamber 9 Connecting member 12 Hydraulic oil chamber 29 Stellite 30 Giant magnetostrictive actuator 31 Pilot valve 031 Needle valve case 200 Water injection valve

Claims (6)

  A high temperature fluid pressurized to a predetermined pressure is guided to the needle valve chamber, and is driven by the needle valve opening / closing means to reciprocately slide the inner periphery of the case member, and the needle valve chamber is attached to and detached from the valve seat. A high-temperature fluid injection valve configured to control injection of high-temperature fluid from the nozzle hole by opening and closing a flow path between the nozzle hole and the nozzle hole. A high-temperature fluid injection valve characterized by comprising.   2. The high-temperature fluid injection valve according to claim 1, wherein the valve seat is made of a steel material having a surface hardness of Hv (Vickers hardness) 600 or more.   2. The high-temperature fluid injection valve according to claim 1, wherein the valve seat is configured by depositing a stellite material on a surface of a base material made of a heat-resistant steel material.   The high-temperature fluid injection valve according to claim 1, wherein the case member on which the needle valve reciprocally slides is made of a steel material having lower hardness and heat resistance and corrosion resistance than the needle valve.   Supercritical state water pressurized to a predetermined pressure is guided to the needle valve chamber of the high-temperature fluid injection valve, and the needle valve chamber and the nozzle hole are attached by attaching / detaching the seat portion of the needle valve driven by the needle valve opening / closing means and the valve seat. The high temperature water injection internal combustion engine is configured to control the injection of supercritical state water from the nozzle hole by opening and closing the flow path between the nozzle hole and the high temperature fluid injection valve. Any of the stellite build-up material which is formed by integrating the stellite material on the surface of the base material made of a steel material having a surface hardness of Hv (Vickers hardness) 600 or more or a heat-resistant steel material while being configured as an integral structure of stellite material On the other hand, a high-temperature water injection internal combustion engine characterized by being configured.   6. The high-temperature water injection internal combustion engine according to claim 5, wherein the high-temperature water injection internal combustion engine is equipped as a prime mover or one of the prime movers.

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