JP2007099431A - Device for reducing swing of hoisted load - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device for reducing swing of a hoisted load and a hook by instantaneously interlocking with a displacement of the hoisted load without using a sensor such as a vertical movement detecting unit for detecting displacement of the hoisted load. <P>SOLUTION: This device for reducing swing of a hoisted load is provided with a first swing reducing means having a first sinker 10 for reducing swing by holding the hoisted load 5 at a constant position when a float 1 vertically swings (pitching) and a magnification adjusting means 40, and a second swing reducing means having a second sinker 28 for reducing the swing by holding the hoisted load at a constant position when the float swings upward and downward (heaving) and a rocking stand 25. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a suspended load sway reducing device that reduces swaying of a hook and a suspended load when a cargo handling operation is performed by a lifting device from a floating body floating on water.

  Conventionally, motion compensators have been known that detect or predict the sway of a hull floating on the water, wind and unwind using a hydraulic drive system, and reduce the sway of the suspended load by changing the length of the suspended wire. It has been.

Furthermore, a vertical motion detector that detects the vertical movement of the suspended load, and an expansion / contraction device that displaces the suspended load in the vertical direction by adjusting the interval between the left and right suspended wire to detect the vertical movement detector. An application has been filed for a lifting heave control device for a lifting machine that operates the telescopic device based on a signal (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-335078 (page 1-4, FIG. 1)

  The motion compensator described above has excellent vibration reduction capability, but requires a large-capacity drive device to operate. Furthermore, in order to control the movement of the suspended load in real time, a system for quickly detecting the displacement of the suspended load and performing a predetermined control is required.

  In addition, the above-described suspended load heave control device for a lifting machine is a system in which the distance between the left and right suspended wire is adjusted to expand and contract to displace the suspended load in the vertical direction, so the adjustment range is not limited. Further, even in this case, it is configured to operate in conjunction with the detection signal from the vertical motion detector for detecting the displacement of the suspended load, and does not operate instantaneously in conjunction with the displacement of the suspended load.

  In view of the above problems, the object of the present invention is to reduce the swing of the hook and the suspended load instantaneously in conjunction with the displacement of the suspended load without using a sensor such as a vertical motion detector that detects the displacement of the suspended load. An object of the present invention is to provide a suspended load sway reduction device.

  In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is an apparatus for reducing swaying of a suspended load during a cargo handling operation in which a load is lifted and lowered by a jib disposed at one end of a floating body floating on water, A first swing reduction means comprising a first sinker disposed at the other end of the floating body and sinking to the seabed via the first cable in the first hoisting winch; and disposed at an intermediate portion of the floating body. A second wobble reducing means comprising a second sinker that is submerged in the second hoist winch through the second cable to the sea floor, and a suspension wire suspended from the jib and suspending the suspended load, A pulley with a oscillating base that is placed on a oscillating base that is suspended on a floating body and that supports the second hoisting winch while being hung over a movable pulley that moves up and down according to the displacement of the first rope. Across both of the first and second vibration reduction means. To simultaneously reduce both the swing of the suspended load when the floating body pitches (pitching) and the swing of the suspended load when the floating body moves up and down (heaving). It is characterized by.

  According to the invention according to claim 1 having the above configuration, the suspended wire is expanded and contracted in conjunction with the pitching of the floating body and the up-and-down motion (heaving) of the floating body, thereby reducing the suspended body swing in real time. can do.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, one or two guide pulleys that do not move are fixed on the front and rear in the horizontal direction of the pulley with the oscillating table that moves together with the oscillating table, and the suspension wire is connected to the guide pulley. As a configuration that spans the lower side of each and the upper side of the pulley with a swing base, the horizontal length of the hanging wire is expanded and contracted in conjunction with the vertical displacement of the second rope. It is characterized by that.

  According to the invention according to claim 2 having the above-described configuration, only the suspended wire is passed over the pair of guide pulleys to be fixed and the pulley with the oscillating table that is positioned between the guide pulleys and is movable up and down. With this simple configuration, it becomes possible to reduce the swing of the suspended load in real time in conjunction with the heaving of the floating body (swing of vertical movement).

  The invention according to claim 3 is configured such that guide pulleys are provided in front and rear in the horizontal direction of the movable pulley, and the suspension wire is stretched over the lower side of the pair of guide pulleys and the upper side of the movable pulley, A pair of guide pulleys are mounted so as to be movable in the horizontal direction via cylinder members so that the pair of guide pulleys can be separated from each other, and are laid in a mountain shape so as to pass through the lower side of the guide pulley and the upper side of the movable pulley. Magnification adjustment means for changing the bending angle of the hanging wire that can be freely changed, and changing the displacement rate of the hanging wire whose length in the horizontal direction expands and contracts in conjunction with the vertical displacement of the first rope It is characterized by comprising.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 3 which has said structure, with respect to the moving amount of the moving pulley which moves in conjunction with the pitching of a floating body, the extension / contraction of a suspended wire which reduces effectively the swing of a suspended load Can be set to a percentage.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the pair of guide pulleys can be moved until a bending angle of the hanging wire stretched over the movable pulley becomes 0 degree, and a displacement ratio by the magnification adjusting means can be arbitrarily doubled. It is characterized by being freely configurable.

  According to the invention according to claim 4 having the above-described configuration, the magnification adjusting means can be easily adjusted to an appropriate displacement ratio according to the ratio of the pitching of the floating body and the swing of the suspended load, which varies depending on the size and structure of the floating body. .

  The invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that the oscillating base is disposed in the vicinity of the center of gravity of the floating body in the vertical direction.

  According to the invention according to claim 5 having the above-described configuration, it is possible to accurately capture the heaving (swing of vertical movement) of the floating body and easily reduce the swing of the suspended load.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, a pair of the jib, the first shaking reduction means, and the second shaking reduction means are arranged in parallel in the width direction of the floating body, respectively. It is characterized by a configuration in which one suspended load is suspended by a jib.

  According to the invention according to claim 6 having the above-described configuration, since the pair of left and right shaking reduction devices are provided, the swing of the suspended load can be reduced in real time in conjunction with the rolling of the floating body. . Furthermore, since even a heavy load can be reduced, the cargo handling operation can be performed safely.

As described above, according to the present invention, the first sway reduction means including the first sinker that is disposed at the end of the floating body and sinks to the seabed through the first rope in the first hoisting winch; A suspended load sway reducing device comprising a second sway reducing means provided with a second sinker disposed in an intermediate portion of the floating body and sunk to the seabed through a second rope on a second hoisting winch. Therefore, in conjunction with the heaving and pitching of the floating body, it is possible to immediately control the expansion and contraction of the suspended wire and to reduce the swing of the suspended load in real time.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of a suspended load sway reducing device according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 1 shows an overall perspective view of a floating body equipped with a suspended load shake reducing apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows an overall perspective view of a floating body equipped with a pair of suspended load shake reducing apparatuses according to the present invention. . FIG. 3 shows the operation of the shake reducing apparatus when the floating body moves up and down, and FIG. 4 shows the operation of the shake reducing apparatus when the floating body shakes back and forth. FIG. 5 shows an outline of the magnification adjusting means. (A) shows a state where the magnification is 1, and (b) shows a state where the magnification is 2. 6A and 6B are schematic views showing the configuration of the main part of the rocking table according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 6A is a side view, and FIG. 6B is a plan view (A-A cross-sectional view).

  As shown in FIG. 1, the floating body 1 floating on the water is a work table ship or a cargo ship provided with a jib 2 serving as a loading device at one end (for example, the bow side). The jib 2 suspends the hook block 3 from the load wire 18 suspended from the head pulley 19 and carries out the load handling work of the load 5 via the hook block 3 and the wire 4 with the base.

  One end of the load wire 18 is wound around the hoisting winch 14, and the other end is fixed to the end bracket 23. Therefore, when the hoisting winch 14 is wound up, the suspended load 5 can be lifted through the head pulley 19 and the hook block 3. A load detector 22 detects the load of the hanging wire 18 and stops the cargo handling operation when an abnormal load is detected, thereby preventing breakage.

  Since the floating body 1 floats on the water, it swings with the vertical movement of the wave. Therefore, the jib 2 also swings, and the hook block 3 and the suspended load 5 try to swing. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a suspended load sway reduction device including a first sway reduction unit including the first sinker 10 and a second sway reduction unit including the second sinker 28 described below is used. The configuration.

  The first sway reduction means includes the first sinker 10 which is sunk to the sea bottom via the first rope 8 in the first hoisting winch 6 at the other end (for example, stern side) of the floating body 1. And a magnification adjusting means 40 to be described later.

  One end of the first rope 8 is wound around the first hoisting winch 6, and a pulley block 9 that hangs down via a fair leader 7 and is attached to the first sinker 10 is wound around the first rope 8. The other end is guided downward from the guide pulley 12 through the fair leader 7 and the guide pulley 11, and is fixed to a bracket that supports the movable pulley 13. Further, the suspended load wire 18 is stretched over the movable pulley 13. That is, when the first rope 8 is extended, the movable pulley 13 moves so as to be pulled upward, and the portion of the hanging wire 18 is also lifted upward. By installing a magnification adjusting pulley 20 described later at a predetermined position on both sides, a predetermined length in the horizontal direction can be expanded and contracted according to the pulling rate. That is, when the movable pulley 13 moves upward (the floating body 1 sinks), the hanging wire 18 is pulled up at an appropriate rate, and its horizontal length is relatively set so as to keep the position of the hanging load constant. It is a configuration to reduce.

The second sway reducing means includes the second sinker 28 sunk in the middle part of the floating body (between the bow and stern) by the second hoisting winch 24 through the second rope 27 to the seabed, A rocking table 25 described later is provided.

  One end of the second rope 27 is wound around the second hoist winch 24 and the other end is a single wire fixed to the second sinker 28. Further, the second hoisting winch 24 is supported by a swing base 25 having a suspension 26.

  As shown in the side view of FIG. 6A and the plan view (AA cross-sectional view) of FIG. 6B, the oscillating base 25 has a guide roller 30 on a guide base 29 disposed on the floating body 1. And slidable in the vertical direction via suspensions 26 provided at the four corners. In other words, the swing base 25 is elastically supported by the suspension 26 so as to be movable up and down inside the guide base 29 and wound around the second hoist winch 24 placed on the swing base 25. It is the structure which moves up and down according to the tension | tensile_strength of the 2nd rope 27 currently made. That is, even if the floating body 1 is going to rise, the position of the rocking base 25 (height from the seabed) does not change because of the second sinker 28 lowered to the seabed, and the suspension 26 is simply shrunk. is there.

  On the other hand, when the floating body 1 sinks, the rocking table 25 is pushed upward relatively by the reaction force of the suspension 26, and even in this case, the rocking table 25 is lifted from the seabed. The height will not change. That is, by making the elastic force of the suspension 26 an appropriate magnitude according to the load of the swing base 25 and the second hoisting winch 24 and the tensile tension of the second measure 27, the floating body 1 Even if it moves up and down, it becomes possible to keep the height position of the rocking table 25 from the seabed constant.

  Further, since the suspended wire 18 is stretched over the pulley 16 with the swinging table via the guide pulley 17 and the guide pulleys 15 and 15 mounted on the floating body 1 side, when the floating body 1 tries to float, As described above, the swing base 25 is relatively lowered and the suspended wire 18 is fed out, and the height of the suspended load on which the wire is suspended can be kept constant. On the contrary, when the floating body 1 tries to sink, the rocking base 25 relatively rises and extends in the direction of pulling up the hanging wire 18. It can be pulled up to a constant height after all.

  The outline is shown in FIG. 3A shows a state in which the floating body 1 is lowered from the normal state, FIG. 3B shows a state in which the floating body 1 is in a normal position, and FIG. 3C shows a state in which the floating body 1 is raised from the normal state. Is shown.

  As shown in FIG.3 (b), the height from the seabed of the floating body 1 at the normal time is H1, and the height of the suspended load 5 is H2. The floating body 1 floating on the water swings up and down due to the waves, but as shown in FIG. 3A, the height of the floating body 1 from the sea bottom is H1A when it is lower than normal. However, for the reasons described above, the height of the suspended load 5 is H2 as in the normal state. Moreover, as shown in FIG.3 (c), even if it raises from the normal time and the height from the seabed of the said floating body 1 becomes H1B, the height of the suspended load 5 is similarly set to H2 from the reason mentioned above. Will be maintained.

  As described above, according to the suspended load sway reduction device according to the present invention, even if the floating body 1 floating on the water swings up and down, the height of the suspended load 5 does not fluctuate and the balance can be maintained. In other words, the swing of the suspended load can be reduced in real time in conjunction with the heaving of the floating body (swing of the vertical movement).

  Further, the case where the floating body 1 is pitched will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.

4A shows a state in which the floating body 1 is in a horizontal state, FIG. 4B shows a state in which the jib swings forward, and FIG. 4C shows a state in which the jib tilts backward. The state which rocked is shown.

  As shown in FIG. 4A, when the floating body 1 is in a horizontal state, the height from the sea floor to the suspended load 5 is H2, and the height from the jib head pulley 19 is H3. When the floating body 1 swings vertically from this state and the jib is moved forward as shown in FIG. 4B, the head pulley 19 of the jib is lowered by H4 and the height from the seabed becomes H3A. However, even in this case, as described above, the height of the suspended load 5 can be maintained at H2 by the first shake reducing means including the first rope 8 and the first sinker 10. Also, as shown in FIG. 4C, when the jib is tilted backward, the jib head pulley 19 rises by H5 and the height from the seabed becomes H3B. Even in this case, as described above, the height of the suspended load 5 can be maintained at H <b> 2 by the first shake reducing means including the first rope 8 and the first sinker 10. In other words, the swing of the suspended load can be reduced in real time in conjunction with the pitching (pitch) of the floating body.

  Further, when the swinging movement of the floating body 1 is caused at the same time, in addition to the first shaking reducing means, the second shaking reducing means including the second rope 27 and the second sinker 28 acts simultaneously. Thus, the height of the suspended load 5 can be maintained at H2.

  When the floating body 1 only swings in the front-rear direction (longitudinal swing) and the height from the bottom of the rocking base 25 disposed in the intermediate portion of the floating body 1 does not vary, the second sinker 28 The effect of the second sway reduction means provided with the first sway 10 does not appear, and the height of the suspended load 5 can be kept constant by the effect of the first sway reduction means provided with the first sinker 10. For this purpose, the oscillating base 25 is disposed at a position where the height of the oscillating body 1 is unlikely to fluctuate even when the floating body 1 is pitched, that is, near the center of gravity of the floating body 1 in the vertical direction. preferable.

  As described above, the first rope 8 suspended from the first sinker 10 has one end fixed to a bracket that supports the movable pulley 13. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, since the hanging wire 18 is stretched over the movable pulley 13, when the first rope 8 is extended, the movable pulley 13 moves upward, The suspended wire 18 is also extended.

  At this time, the magnification adjustment means 40 including the magnification adjustment pulleys 20 and 20 is configured to be adjustable by changing the expansion magnification between the first rope 8 and the hanging wire 18.

  Next, the magnification adjusting means 40 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. As described above, the magnification adjusting means 40 is a device that expands and contracts the hanging wire 18 at a predetermined ratio when the movable pulley 13 is pulled upward so that the first rope 8 is extended. FIG. 5 (a) shows a state with a magnification of 1 and FIG. 5 (b) shows a state with a magnification of 2.

  The magnification adjusting means 40 includes a base gantry 41, a column 42, a bracket 43 that supports the movable pulley 13, two brackets 44 that support the pair of two magnification adjusting pulleys 20, and the cylinder member 21. A three-point roller for guiding the wire is provided by one movable pulley 13 and a magnification adjusting pulley 20 disposed on both sides of the movable pulley 13.

  For this purpose, the suspension wire 18 is wound around the lower side of the first magnification adjusting pulley 20A, the upper side of the moving pulley 13, and the lower side of the second magnification adjusting pulley 20B, and is passed through the cylinder member 21. By installing the magnification adjusting pulley at a predetermined position, it is possible to set the bending angle α with the moving magnification of the hanging wire 18 as a predetermined value.

FIG. 5A shows a state where the bending angle α is approximately 120 degrees. At this bending angle, when the movable pulley 13 moves upward by one unit, the suspended wire 18 positioned on the left and right of the movable pulley 13 is used.
Will be pulled out approximately 0.5 times, and will be pulled in a total of 1 time, that is, approximately the same length as the moving amount of the movable pulley 13. That is, the suspended wire 18 is shortened at a magnification of 1 and the suspended load 5 is pulled up. FIG. 5B shows a state where the bending angle α is approximately 0 degrees (turned around a half circumference of 180 degrees), and when the movable pulley 13 rises by one unit, it is positioned on the left and right of the movable pulley 13. Each unit of the suspended wire 18 is pulled out, and the suspended wire 18 is pulled in at a magnification twice as much as the total moving amount of the movable pulley 13. That is, the hanging wire 18 can be shortened at a magnification of 2. Thus, by adjusting the bending angle α in the range of 0 degrees to 120 degrees, it becomes possible to arbitrarily set the shortening magnification of the hanging wire 18 between the magnifications of 1 to 2 times.

  As described above, since the load wire 18 can be shortened at a predetermined magnification with respect to the moving amount of the first rope 8 that suspends the first sinker 10, one of the floating bodies 1 floating on the water can be shortened. Can be preset to an appropriate magnification according to the fluctuation ratio of the jib 2 provided at the end (for example, the bow side) and the first sinker 10 provided at the other end (for example, the stern side) of the floating body. It is. This is because the rate of variation differs depending on the distance from the center of gravity (which is the center of shaking) of the floating body 1, and if it can be adjusted within a range of at least 1 to 2 times, a normal floating body can be obtained. It is adaptable and suitable.

  As described above, the type including the jib 2, the first sinker 10, and the second sinker 28 has been described, but when dealing with the rolling of the floating body (rolling) or when handling heavy objects, A pair of two jibs 2, first shaking reduction means including the first sinker 10, and second shaking reduction means including the second sinker 28 are arranged in parallel in the width direction of the floating body. And it can be set as the structure which suspends one big suspended load 5A with 1 to 2 jibs 2 and 2. FIG.

  FIG. 2 shows a large floating body 1A having a pair of jibs 2 and 2 that can operate a large suspended load 5A. Also in this case, the magnification adjusting means device 40 is connected to the first rope 8 that suspends the first sinker 10, and the rocking base 25 is connected to the second rope 27 that suspends the second sinker 28. Is the same as that of the floating body 1 described above. However, the magnification adjusting means 40 and the swing base 25 are provided in pairs. Further, it is obvious that a control device (not shown) is used to drive and control the respective jibs 2 and 2, the respective magnification adjusting means 40, and the swing base 25.

  Therefore, if the suspended load 5A is suspended in a parallel state by the pair of left and right jibs 2 and 2 when the floating body 1A is not swinging, the suspended load 1A is swung when the floating body 1A swings. The height of 5A (height from the sea floor) can always be kept constant. Moreover, even if the left and right sides of the large suspended load 5A are lifted by a pair of left and right jibs, the left and right suspended loads are automatically interlocked so that the height of the left and right suspended loads is equalized, so that a parallel state can be maintained without shaking. . That is, it is possible to reduce the swing of the suspended load in real time in conjunction with the rolling (rolling) of the floating body.

As described above, the suspended load sway reduction device according to the present invention has the first sway reduction having the first sinker for keeping the position of the suspended load constant regardless of the pitching (pitch) of the floating body. Means and a second swing reduction means having a second sinker for maintaining the position of the suspended load constant regardless of the heaving of the floating body (swing of vertical movement). In conjunction with swinging and heaving (up-and-down swinging), it is possible to immediately control the expansion and contraction of the suspended wire and reduce the suspended swing in real time. In addition, by providing a pair of left and right first and second vibration reduction means, not only is it linked to floating heaving (vertical movement) and pitching (pitch), but it is also linked to rolling (rolling). Thus, it is possible to configure a suspended load sway reduction device that can immediately control the extension and contraction of the suspended wire and reduce the sway of the suspended load in real time. In other words, according to the suspended load sway reduction device according to the present invention, when carrying out cargo handling work at the port,
It is possible to effectively reduce the swing of the suspended load, and the cargo handling work can be performed efficiently and safely.

  Furthermore, the suspended load sway reduction device according to the present invention is configured to automatically adjust the length of the suspended wire in conjunction with the swinging of the floating body itself, thereby reducing the sway of the suspended load. It does not require a power source and has a large energy effect. Further, since it is linked to the movement of the floating body, it is a configuration that can automatically adjust in real time, and it is possible to achieve a great effect with simple equipment and at low cost.

1 is an overall perspective view of a floating body including a suspended load sway reduction device according to the present invention. It is a whole perspective view of a floating body provided with a pair of two sets of suspended load sway reduction devices according to the present invention. It is a schematic explanatory drawing which shows operation | movement of the shaking reduction apparatus when a floating body moves up and down. It is a schematic explanatory drawing which shows operation | movement of the shaking reduction apparatus when a floating body shakes back and forth. An outline of the magnification adjusting means is shown. (A) shows a state where the magnification is 1, and (b) shows a state where the magnification is 2. It is the schematic which shows the principal part structure of the rocking | fluctuation stand which concerns on this invention, (a) is a side view, (b) is a top view (AA sectional drawing of a previous figure).

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Floating body 2 Jib 3 Hook block 5 Hanging load 6 Hoist winch 8 First rope 10 First sinker 18 Hanging wire 25 Swing stand 27 Second rope 28 Second sinker 40 Magnification adjustment means

Claims (6)

A suspended load sway reduction device during loading and unloading work for lifting and unloading a load by a jib disposed at one end of a floating body floating on the water,
A first swing reduction means comprising a first sinker disposed at the other end of the floating body and sinking to the seabed via the first cable in the first hoisting winch; and disposed at an intermediate portion of the floating body. A second swing reduction means comprising a second sinker that is submerged in the second hoist winch through the second cord to the sea floor,
A suspension wire that is suspended by the jib and suspends a suspended load is passed over a movable pulley that moves up and down in accordance with the displacement of the first rope, supports the second hoist winch, and supports the suspension on a floating body. It is stretched over a pulley with a oscillating table disposed on the oscillating table, and both the first and second sway reducing means act simultaneously,
Suspension characterized by simultaneously reducing both the swing of the suspended load when the floating body swings (pitch) and the swing of the suspended load when the floating body moves up and down (heaving). Load fluctuation reduction device.   A pair of non-moving guide pulleys are fixed to the front and rear of the pulley with the oscillating table that moves together with the oscillating table, and the suspension wire is connected to the lower side of the guide pulley and the oscillating wheel. 2. The structure of extending over the upper pulley of the base is configured such that the length of the hanging wire in the horizontal direction expands and contracts in conjunction with the vertical displacement of the second rope. The suspended load sway reduction device described in 1.   A guide pulley is provided in the front and rear in the horizontal direction of the movable pulley, and the suspension wire is configured to be passed over the lower side of the pair of guide pulleys and the upper side of the movable pulley, and the pair of guide pulleys can be contacted and separated. The bending wire angle of the hanging wire that is mounted so as to be movable in the horizontal direction through the cylinder member so as to pass through the mountain shape so as to pass through the lower side of the guide pulley and the upper side of the moving pulley. The magnification adjusting means is configured to freely change the displacement rate of the suspended wire whose length in the horizontal direction expands and contracts in conjunction with the vertical displacement of the first rope. The suspended load sway reduction device according to claim 1.   The pair of guide pulleys can be moved until the angle of bending of the hanging wire that is passed over the movable pulley becomes 0 degree, and the displacement ratio by the magnification adjusting means can be arbitrarily set up to 2 times. The suspended load sway reduction device according to claim 3.   5. The suspended load sway reduction device according to claim 1, wherein the oscillating base is disposed in the vicinity of the center of gravity of the floating body in the vertical direction. A pair of two jibs, the first sway reduction means, and the second sway reduction means are arranged in parallel in the width direction of the floating body, and one suspended load is suspended by one or two jibs. The suspended load sway reduction device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the device is configured to be lowered.

Images