JP2007094220A - Electronic tuner device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electronic tuner device for easily tuning respective musical pieces used for a musical performance by using a sound of a reference musical instrument. <P>SOLUTION: In the electronic tuner device, a microphone 910 picks up a sound from a musical instrument whose sound to be used for tuning desired to be reference for sound matching among musical instrument. The picked-up sound is recorded and held as numeric data in a storage device 180. The stored numeric data are output as a sound from a speaker 970 to auditorily represent a degree of tuning. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention belongs to a technical field related to an apparatus for adjusting a scale, although an electronic musical instrument and a normal musical instrument can easily adjust the scale.

  An electronic tuner device that adjusts the scale of a musical instrument generally has a reference sound source for the purpose of adjusting the scale, selects the reference sound that the instrument player needs, and plays that sound through the speakers of the electronic tuner device. The instrument player confidently tunes the instrument while listening to the sound, or the instrument player plays the instrument for each single note, and the electronic tuner device emits the sound from the instrument and the reference scale that the electronic tuner device confidence has In general, the comparison is performed by any one of methods for determining whether the scale is high or low. Here, the former tuning method will be referred to as pitch tuning, and the latter will be referred to as automatic tuning. In automatic tuning, there are a case where a light emitting diode is used, a case where an analog meter is used, and a case where both are used together as a method of displaying the scale level. In any case, it is necessary to confirm the state using vision, and when the player tunes, it is necessary to install the electronic tuner device in a place where it can be seen. As an example, an electronic guitar tuner device has a reference sound having a reference tone number that matches the number of strings and a scale that is emitted when each string is released.

  Musical instruments have subtle changes in scale due to changes in temperature and humidity. In electronic musical instruments, there are many scale variation factors in addition to conventional musical instruments, such as changes in power supply voltage and changes in the scale due to deterioration of the semiconductors and vacuum tubes used. Therefore, tuning is necessary even in electronic musical instruments and conventional musical instruments, and the tuning method and frequency vary depending on the type of musical instrument. As an example, a wind instrument is an instrument that makes a sound when the player breathes in, but when the performance is performed and the player begins to breathe, the temperature of the material of the instrument rises and the length of the instrument itself increases. Shift to lower sound. This phenomenon is more pronounced with brass instruments than with woodwind instruments. Therefore, the tuning of the wind instrument is performed by adjusting the length of the tube. Wind instruments can be tuned relatively easily and easily. However, tuning is a major task for some instruments, and it is difficult to tune easily. An example is the piano. It is common for a piano to be tuned regularly by a specially tuned tuner, and even if environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity change, it was difficult to tune each time. .

  There are musical instruments that are accompaniment even when playing solo, and the majority of cases are played with other musical instruments. In addition, if the instrument is out of tune, it becomes a dissonance and difficult to hear, so it is necessary to match the sound between instruments. Tuning with an electronic tuner device is based on a built-in reference sound, so that a musical instrument that is difficult to tune is desired to be played without being tuned.

  In recent years, amateur bands have become booming among middle-aged and older people, with a small number of bands mainly composed of guitars, basses, sensation-equipped keyboards, and drums. Guitars and basses are easy to tune because there are few parts that need to be tuned, and the overall number of instruments makes it easy to tune.

The tuning device of Patent Literature 1 inputs a musical instrument sound signal via a microphone. The input musical instrument sound information is detected as pitch information, and the detected pitch information is stored in the memory selected by the memory selector. The pitch information is detected from the tuned instrument via the microphone, the pitch information stored in the memory is read, the pitch information of both is compared, and the comparison result is displayed (Patent Document 1). reference).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-18811

  It is best to tune the instrument using the reference sound, but if there are instruments that are difficult to tune among the instruments that make up the music band, tune other instruments to the scale of the instrument. It is common to match the sound.

However, when performing sound matching using such a reference instrument, it is necessary for the player of each instrument to play the reference sound of the instrument many times and match each instrument to the tone of the reference instrument. .
Moreover, it is obvious that the automatic tuning method possessed by the electronic tuner device cannot be used when sound matching is performed by this method.

  In addition, as already explained, since the tone of the instrument changes due to changes in conditions such as temperature and humidity, the tuning is easily shifted due to the change in conditions during performance. Therefore, when sound matching is strictly required, a method for sound matching by a simple method is required.

  The problem to be solved and used by the present invention is to invent a method for tuning each instrument used for performance using the sound of a reference instrument or simply performing the tuning.

  The electronic tuner device of the present invention obtains a sound used for tuning from an instrument desired to be used as a reference for sound matching, records the acquired sound and holds it as numerical data, and expresses the degree of tuning using hearing.

  The electronic tuner device of the present invention obtains a sound used for tuning from a musical instrument to be used as a reference for sound matching, tunes the musical instrument using the recorded and held sound, and expresses the degree of tuning using hearing.

  The electronic tuner device of the present invention uses two sounds having different timbres to express the degree of tuning, and notifies the completion of tuning by stopping any sound from being tuned.

  The electronic tuner device of the present invention is an electronic tuner device that tunes a musical instrument using sound obtained from a musical instrument that is desired to use the sound used for tuning as a reference for tuning.

  The electronic tuner device of the present invention changes the vibration frequency to represent the degree of tuning, and notifies the completion of tuning when the vibration is eliminated or the vibration is maximized in the state where the tuning is present.

  When tuning another musical instrument using the scale of the reference instrument, it is only necessary to replace the original reference sound of the electronic tuner device with the reference instrument sound. In other words, the problem of the reference sound can be solved by a method in which the tuner device has a function of recording the sound of the reference musical instrument and uses the recorded sound as the reference sound of the electronic tuner device.

As the tuning method, the same method as the conventional one is used for the sensation tuning, but in the automatic tuning, a method of notifying the deviation of the sound using a sense other than visual sense, hearing or touch is a means for solving the problems of the present invention.
The electronic tuner device has a function of emitting a sound signal having a reference pitch, detecting a sound emitted from a musical instrument, and determining whether or not it matches a target reference scale.

  By using a product that implements the present invention, simple tuning is difficult or time-consuming musical instruments are not detuned from other musical instruments, and higher quality music can be played. . In addition, it has become possible to quickly match the sound in response to changes in the playing place environment.

The electronic tuner device of the present invention was implemented as a device for tuning a guitar. Therefore, it has a mechanism capable of recording 7 sound sources, and the default values are 6 sound sources, 1E, 2B, 3G, 4D, 5A, 6E, which are used as standard. As a display method related to automatic tuning, it distinguishes two sounds as a method related to hearing, a low audible sound when the sound emitted by the instrument is lower than the tuning sound, and a high audible sound when the sound emitted by the instrument is higher than the tuning sound. The sound of the instrument is silent when it has the same frequency as the tuning sound. In the case of tactile sensation, two vibrations are used. If the sound emitted by the instrument is lower in frequency than the rhythm sound, it is intermittent vibration. If the sound emitted by the instrument is higher in frequency than the rhythm sound, the continuous vibration is generated. In the case of the same frequency as, no vibration was made.

  In the first embodiment, a mechanism for recording and reproducing the reference sound by the electronic tuner device of the present invention will be described. In the second embodiment, a method for grasping the tuning state by hearing is described in the third embodiment. Then, each method of grasping the tuning state by tactile sense will be described.

  The electronic tuner device according to the present embodiment takes in a sound emitted from a musical instrument, converts the sound data into frequency data, stores the data in a storage device, converts the stored frequency data into sound data, and sends the sound from a speaker. It has two functions. Generally, an electronic tuner device uses a heterodyne system that mixes a reference sound and a sound taken from a microphone, extracts a beat component that is a difference between the two, and determines or displays the degree of tuning from the beat component. There are many cases. In the present invention, it is convenient to digitize sound data of a reference musical instrument as frequency data and store it in a storage device. Therefore, in the case of sound recording, frequency / voltage conversion and A / D conversion are performed. In the case of sound reproduction, D / A conversion and voltage / frequency conversion techniques were used.

  First, a method for recording sound will be described. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for storing a standard musical instrument sound as frequency data in a storage device. FIG. 5 is a flowchart for recording sound from a reference instrument.

  The microphone 110 acquires the sound of the reference instrument (step 101) and converts it into an electrical signal (step 102). Next, the audio power amplifier 120 amplifies the power of the audio signal acquired by the microphone 110 (step 103). Subsequently, the audio signal is applied by a frequency / voltage converter 130 with a voltage proportional to the frequency (step 104). The audio signal changed to voltage is digitized by the A / D converter 140 (step 106). Here, since the frequency of an instrument, especially a stringed instrument, is not stable at the moment when a sound is generated by a finger or a pick, if the frequency data is captured during this period, the correct frequency data may not be acquired. Come out. Therefore, it is necessary to provide the capture delay circuit 150 and capture the frequency data after the frequency of the sound emitted from the A / D converter 140 is stabilized (step 105). Generally speaking, a delay time of 1 to 3 seconds is sufficient. In this embodiment, the delay time is set to 2 seconds. The changeover switch 170 determines which part of the storage device 180 stores the frequency data (step 107). The digitized frequency data of the audio signal is sent to the positions 180a, 180b, 180c, 180d, 180f, and 180f of the storage device 180 designated by the selector switch 170 in the multiplexer 160 (step 108), and the location (Step 109).

  Similarly, the block diagram of FIG. 2 will be described. The method used in FIG. 2 is a method using a frequency counter 210 instead of the frequency / voltage converter 130 and the A / D converter 140. The frequency of the sound is, for example, 440 Hz for the A sound, but for the same octave D sound, 393.3 Hz, including the decimal point, becomes a 4-digit number. In the block diagram of FIG. 1, the performance of the frequency / voltage converter 130 and the A / D converter 140, particularly the resolution of the A / D converter 140 determines the resolution of the reproduced sound. The expensive A / D converter 140 must be mounted. Therefore, it is conceivable that the manufacturing cost will increase, but in that respect, the frequency counter 210 has a simple structure and has the advantage of suppressing an increase in manufacturing cost.

  Next, a method for reproducing the frequency data 180a, 180b, 180c, 180d, 180e, and 180f stored in the storage device 180 will be described. The basic idea is to follow the reverse process of FIG. 3 and 4 are block diagrams showing a circuit for reproducing frequency data. In FIG. 3, the frequency data of the original scale burned in the reference sound ROM can be written into the storage device by pressing the reset switch 350. The apparatus of FIG. 4 has the advantage that either one of the frequency data burned in the reference sound ROM or the reference instrument frequency data stored in the storage device can be selected without erasing the reference instrument frequency data. is there. Note that the apparatus of FIG. 4 is larger in structure than the apparatus of FIG. 3, and the operation is complicated and the number of parts is increased. As a result, the apparatus of FIG. 4 is disadvantageous in terms of cost because of increased manufacturing costs.

  3 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. The sound to be reproduced is selected using the changeover switch 170 (step 121). The multiplexer 160 selects the frequency data 180a, 180b, 180c, 180d, 180e, 180f of the storage device 180 (step 122). The frequency data 180a, 180b, 180c, 180d, 180e, and 180f are converted into voltages by the D / A converter 330 (step 123). The frequency data 180a, 180b, 180c, 180d, 180e, and 180f converted into voltages are converted into sinusoidal signals having the same frequency as the frequency data by the voltage / frequency converter 320 (step 124). The sine wave signal obtains electric power necessary for sounding the speaker 310 by the audio power amplifier 120 (step 125), and is emitted as sound by the speaker 310 (step 126). The frequency data is created from the six reference sounds 340a to 340f in the reference sound ROM 340. Further, the frequency data 180 a to 180 f in the storage device 180 can be reset by the reset switch 330.

  In FIG. 4, a multiplexer 440 that uses the reference sounds 340 a to 340 f built in the reference sound ROM 340 and a multiplexer that uses the frequency data 180 a to 180 f stored in the storage device 180 by the scale selection switch 410. 450 is selected. The selection switch 420 instructs the reference sound selection circuit 430 which of the two multiplexers 440 and 450 is used. The reference sound selection circuit 430 outputs the data from the two selected multiplexers 440 and 450 to the D / A converter 330. Others are the same as the content demonstrated in FIG.

  The electronic tuner device according to the present embodiment can reproduce a reference sound with a clear sound quality unlike just recording a voice in order to synthesize a sound from digital data.

  In a general electronic tuner device, notification is made by the position of the needle and the light emission state of the LED. In this embodiment, the electronic tuner device of the first embodiment emits sound, and has a structure that represents the state of tuning by the frequency and strength of the sound. Have. There are two possible methods for notifying the tuning state with sound. One is that one of two sounds with different timbre sounds depending on the pitch of the instrument to be tuned and the reference sound, that is, if the tune is shifted higher than the reference sound, Similarly, when it is shifted to the lower side, a low tone color is produced. Therefore, when the sound intensity is reduced and the frequency of the instrument to be tuned matches the frequency of the reference sound completely, no sound can be emitted from the electronic tuner device of the present invention.

  The other is that one of two different tones sounds depending on the pitch of the instrument to be tuned and the reference sound, that is, if the tune is shifted higher than the reference sound. If the high sound is shifted to the lower side as well, a low tone is produced. Therefore, when the intensity of the sound increases and the frequency of the musical instrument to be tuned perfectly matches the frequency of the reference sound, there is a method in which the sound is maximized from the electronic tuner device of the present invention. Here, the former is referred to as a proximity mute method, and the latter is referred to as a proximity pronunciation method.

  FIGS. 7 and 8 show the intensity of sound emitted from the electronic tuner device in the proximity mute method. These diagrams show the relationship between the fraction of the microphone input in FIG. 9, that is, the frequency of the sound captured by the microphone and the sound that informs the tuning state, that is, the sound emitted by the instrument to be tuned. . When the reference sound frequency is high in the relationship between the reference sound frequency, that is, the tuning sound data 1050a to 1050f of the reference musical instrument stored in the storage device 1050 and the microphone input frequency, the tone is 1, and 600 Hz in the present invention. Sound flows from the speaker 970. On the other hand, when the reference sound frequency is low, a dial tone 2, in this embodiment, a 800 Hz sound flows from the speaker 970. The difference between FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 is that, in the case of FIG. 7, the sound that informs the tuning state is that the tone 1 or tone 2 continues to sound when the two frequencies are detuned. As the frequency approaches tuning, the intensity of the dial tone weakens, and the dial tone disappears when the two frequencies are tuned. On the other hand, in the case of FIG. 8, when the two frequencies are detuned, there is no or very small dial tone, and the dial tone increases as it approaches tuning, and the dial tone becomes maximum at the time of tuning. . Since the sound of the dial tone means power consumption, the tuning method shown in FIG. 7 is advantageous in a battery-driven electronic tuner device having a sufficient power supply. Since the dial tone disappears when the two frequencies are tuned, there is an advantage that the tuning can be confirmed even by the ear of the performer during tuning. On the other hand, in the battery-driven electronic tuner device, the method of FIG. 8 is advantageous in that the consumption of the battery can be suppressed.

  Next, the apparatus of FIG. 9 will be described. The sound of the musical instrument to be tuned is captured by the microphone 910 (step 201) and converted into an electrical signal (step 202). Then, it is amplified by the audio power amplifier 920. The frequency counter 940 counts the frequency (step 204), except for the portion of the sound that the musical instrument emits in the capture delay circuit 930 where the frequency is unstable at the beginning (step 203). The frequency data of the reference musical instrument selected by the changeover switch 1040 and the counted frequency data are compared by the comparator 980 (step 205), and the difference is detected (step 206). The frequency of the outgoing sound flowing from the speaker 970 is determined by the outgoing frequency selector based on the difference (step 207). That is, when the frequency data of the reference instrument exceeds the frequency counter value, the difference becomes negative, the values of the transmitters 1 and 1010 are selected, and the transmission frequency is 600 Hz.

  In the opposite case, the value of the transmitters 2 and 1020 is selected as the transmission frequency, and the value of the transmission frequency is 800 Hz. On the other hand, the difference is also sent to the difference / amplification converter 950 to calculate the amplification factor (step 208). As a gain calculation method of the difference / amplification factor converter 950, the absolute value of the difference is taken, and when the value obtained by multiplying the value by a constant, for example, 0.0333, exceeds 1, it is set to 1. In this case, the gain becomes 1 when the frequency data of the reference instrument deviates by about ± 30 Hz or more. If the gain value obtained here is used as it is as the gain value of the variable gain amplifier, the tone intensity of FIG. 7 can be obtained. Similarly, if the gain value is inverted (1-gain value) and the gain value of the variable gain amplifier 960 is set, the tone intensity of FIG. 8 can be obtained. The dial tone is amplified by the variable gain amplifier 960 (step 209), and the amplified dial tone flows from the speaker 970 (step 210).

  In the present embodiment, a method for transmitting a tuning state in tuning by vibration will be described. There are two ways to indicate the tuning state. FIGS. 11 and 12 are diagrams showing the fractional number of microphone inputs in FIG. 13, that is, the frequency of the sound captured by the microphone and the number of rotations of the rotor that informs the tuning state. is there. In FIG. 11, when the two frequencies are detuned, the rotational speed of the rotor rotor 1420 is maximum, and the rotational speed of the rotor rotor 1420 decreases as the two frequencies approach tuning. The rotor rotor 1420 stops rotating at the time of synchronization. In FIG. 12, when the two frequencies are detuned, the rotor rotor 1420 does not rotate, and as the two frequencies approach tuning, the rotor rotor begins to rotate and increases the rotational speed. Go. When the two frequencies are tuned, the rotational speed of the rotor rotor 1420 reaches a maximum.

  Now, the apparatus of FIG. 13 will be described. The sound of the musical instrument to be tuned is captured by the microphone 1310 (step 301), converted into an electric signal, and amplified by the audio power amplifier 1320 (step 302). The frequency counter 1340 counts the frequency (step 304), except for the portion of the sound that the musical instrument emits in the acquisition delay circuit 1330 where the frequency is unstable at the beginning (step 303). The frequency data of the reference musical instrument selected by the changeover switch 1360 is compared with the counted frequency data by the comparator 1350 (step 305), and a difference is detected (step 306). The difference is input to a difference / frequency converter 1390 where the number of rotations of the rotor rotor 1420 is calculated (step 307). The frequency calculation is performed by replacing the frequency with the maximum frequency of the rotor rotor 1420 when the value obtained by taking the absolute value of the difference exceeds the maximum frequency of the rotor rotor 1420. When the vibration frequency obtained here is input to the numerical proportional transmitter 1410, the rotational speed distribution of the rotor rotor 1420 shown in FIG. 12 is obtained. However, if the value obtained by subtracting the maximum frequency of the rotor rotor 1420 from the frequency obtained here is input to the numerical proportional transmitter 1410 as the frequency, the rotation speed distribution of the rotor rotor 1420 shown in FIG. 11 is obtained. The numerical proportional transmitter 1410 transmits with the number of transmissions that the rotor rotor 1420 should rotate (step 308), and the rotor rotor 1420 rotates to give vibration (step 309).

  The electronic tuner device of the present invention can tune other musical instruments using the scale as a reference sound by recording and playing back the musical scale of a musical instrument that is difficult or time-consuming to tune as frequency data. It is possible to achieve musical scale harmony of the instruments.

  Also, unlike conventional electronic tuner devices that have confirmed the tuning state using vision, the tuning state can be grasped using auditory or tactile sensation, making it possible to tune without keeping an eye on the instrument to be tuned. . In particular, the vibration system using a rotor rotor has an advantage that tuning can be performed without producing extra sound when quick tuning is required during a concert.

Block diagram of method 1 for converting the sound of a reference instrument into frequency data and storing it Block diagram of method 2 for converting the sound of the reference instrument into frequency data and storing it Block diagram for playing the recorded instrument reference sound Block diagram of reference sound reproduction circuit with reference sound selection circuit Flow chart for recording sound from reference instrument Flow chart of sound reproduction from reference instrument Sound intensity when the sound disappears when tuning is possible Sound intensity when the sound is loud when tuned Hardware structure of the mechanism that informs the tuning state with sound Flow chart of the mechanism that informs the tuning status with sound Vibration intensity distribution when vibration disappears when tuning is possible Vibration intensity distribution when the vibration becomes larger when tuning is possible Hardware structure of mechanism that informs rhythm state by vibration Operation flow chart of the mechanism that informs the tuning state by vibration

Explanation of symbols

110, 910, 1310 Microphone 120, 920, 1320 Audio power amplifier 130 Frequency / voltage converter 140 A / D converter 150, 930, 1330 Acquisition delay circuit 160, 440, 450, 1030, 1370 Multiplexer 170, 1040, 1360 changeover switch 180, 1050, 1380 storage device 310, 970 speaker 320 voltage / frequency converter 330 D / A converter 340 reference sound ROM
350 Reset switch 410 Scale selection switch 420 Selection switch 430 Reference sound selection circuit 940, 1340 Frequency counter 950, 1390 Difference / amplification rate converter 960 Variable gain amplifier 980, 1350 Comparator 990 Transmission frequency selector 1010, 1020 Transmitter 1410 Numerical value Proportional transmitter 1420 Rotor rotor

Claims (5)

  An electronic tuner device that obtains sound used for tuning from an instrument that is to be used as a reference for sound matching, records the acquired sound and stores it as numerical data, and expresses the degree of tuning using hearing.   An electronic tuner device that obtains the sound used for tuning from a musical instrument to be used as a reference for tuning, tunes the musical instrument using the recorded sound, and expresses the degree of tuning using hearing.   An electronic tuner device that uses two sounds with different timbres to indicate the degree of tuning, and informs the completion of tuning by stopping any sound from being tuned.   An electronic tuner device that tunes a musical instrument using a sound obtained from the musical instrument to be used as a reference for tuning the sound used for tuning.   An electronic tuner device that notifies the completion of tuning by changing the vibration frequency to represent the degree of tuning and eliminating the vibration or maximizing the vibration in the tuning condition.

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