JP2007078651A - Centering device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a centering device capable of accurately centering a tube plate with a simple operation. <P>SOLUTION: The centering device centers tube plates 1<SB>2</SB>to 1<SB>7</SB>with reference to the tube plate 1<SB>1</SB>when a tube 11 for heat exchange is inserted into a tube hole 1a of the tube plate 1 so that it is rectangular to the plurality of tube plates 1<SB>1</SB>to 1<SB>7</SB>arranged in parallel and to tube support plates 12 between them. The centering device comprises: a flange 2; a tube cylinder 3 that projects rectangularly from the tube plate, is fastened with a nut 41 so as to pressure-bond the flange to the tube plate, and passes a laser beam inside; a fixing means 4 such as a nut; a laser beam emitting device 6; a support body 5 for supporting this; and a positioning means 7 allowing position adjustment of the laser beam emitting device so that the laser beam passes the center of the tube cylinder. The laser beam can be emitted rectangularly to the tube plate only by attaching the flange to the tube plate, and the tube plate can be easily and accurately centered. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a centering device for centering the tube plate when a tube for heat exchange is inserted into a tube hole of the tube plate so as to be perpendicular to a plurality of tube plates arranged in parallel. .

The centering of the tube plate of the evaporator of a large multi-stage flash-type seawater desalination device (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2) generally uses piano wire or string, and many tube plates and their middle A piano wire is passed through at least two tube holes on the tube plate surface through which one tube passes through all of the tube support plates, and all tube plates and support plates are connected to each tube hole based on this. It was implemented by a method of positioning so that the centers of the lines coincide and are perpendicular to the center line. In addition, a tube bundle assembling jig for a heat exchanger using a centering device that puts the tube plate surface against a support surface to make a right angle of the tube plate has also been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 3).
On the other hand, as a centering device using a laser beam, a laser transmitter 1 held by a holder 5 and a laser receiving device 2 for receiving the laser beam are attached to each of the tube plates on one side and the other side of the condenser. A position measuring device has been proposed in which an intermediate tube plate is centered by passing laser light (see Patent Document 4). In this apparatus, the nozzle part of the holder to which the laser transmitter is attached is inserted into the tube hole of the tube plate Pt, and the magnet 7 is embedded in the holder surface facing the tube plate. The holder is fixed to the tube plate surface by the magnet's attractive force through the collar 8. Also shown is an apparatus in which the laser transmitter mounting portion of the holder is a partial spherical surface and the laser transmitter can be rotated to adjust the laser beam emission direction.
JP 55-081702 A JP 07-204621 A Japanese Utility Model Sho 61-163168 JP 2001-165615 A

  In the above-described prior art, the centering method using piano wire or the like requires passing the piano wire or the like through all the corresponding holes of all the tube plates and tube support plates, so that the centering is very troublesome. There was a problem that it took. Also, there is a problem that it is extremely difficult to make the centered tube plate perpendicular to the tube inserted therein. On the other hand, in the apparatus using the tube bundle assembling jig, there is a problem that the jig becomes large and is not easy to handle particularly for a large heat exchanger such as a multistage flash evaporator.

  In the centering device using laser light, the holder is fixed to the tube plate surface by the magnet's adsorption force, so a non-magnetic material such as a copper-nickel alloy is usually used like a condenser of a seawater desalination device. In the tube sheet that has been used, the holder cannot be pressed against the tube sheet surface, so that the holder cannot be positioned accurately. In addition, the laser transmitter is rotated on the partial spherical surface so that the laser beam emission direction is adjusted three-dimensionally at a time. Therefore, it is very difficult to finely adjust the optical axis. There's a problem.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems in the prior art and to provide a centering device that can accurately center a tube sheet with a simple operation.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a first aspect of the invention in which a heat exchange tube is inserted into a tube hole of the tube plate so as to be perpendicular to a plurality of tube plates arranged in parallel. In the centering device for centering the tube plate,
A flange having a flat surface to be brought into contact with the tube sheet when the centering is performed, and a dimension that passes through the flange and protrudes from the flat surface of the flange in the direction perpendicular to the tube hole. A cylindrical member that has a projecting portion that protrudes from the tube hole when it is put into the tube hole when centering and is fixed to the flange; and A fixing means formed so that a flat surface can be entirely pressed against the tube plate via the protrusion, a support attached to the flange, and a laser beam supported by the support. And a laser beam emitting device for emitting the laser beam, and the laser beam is emitted in a direction perpendicular to the flange through the center of the tube hole in the cylinder of the cylindrical member. So that the laser light And positioning means for defining the orientation of the elevation device for supporting the laser emitting apparatus in the support, characterized in that the have a.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the above, the positioning means supports the laser light emitting device at a first position close to the flange of the support body so as to be able to adjust fine movement in the vertical direction. The first support adjustment means provided on the first support adjustment means and the laser beam emitting device can be adjusted for fine movement in the vertical direction, and when the adjustment is made, the first movement of the support body is restricted. The second support adjusting means provided to support at a second position away from the position, and the laser light emitting device can be adjusted for a minute movement in the lateral direction. And third support adjusting means provided so as to be supported at a third position away from the first position of the support body.

  The invention of claim 3 is characterized in that, in addition to the invention of claim 1 or 2, the heat exchanger is a condenser of a long tube type multistage flash seawater desalination apparatus.

  According to the present invention, in the first aspect of the invention, the tube sheet centering device includes a flange having a flat surface that is brought into contact with the tube sheet when centering, and a flat surface penetrating the flange. When projecting into the tube hole, it has a dimension that fits into the tube hole of the tube plate that is centered out of the surface and is centered, and has a protrusion that protrudes from the tube hole and is fixed to the flange. The cylindrical member fixed to the flange is inserted into the tube hole of the tube plate, and the flat surface of the flange is placed along the one side surface of the tube plate, The protruding portion of the member can pass through the tube hole and protrude from the other surface of the tube sheet. And in this state, the space in the cylinder of the cylindrical member which penetrated the flange can be opened to both ends thereof.

  Further, the centering device has fixing means formed so that the flat surface of the flange can be entirely pressed against the tube plate through the protruding portion when the tube plate is centered. By press-contacting the flat surface of the flange to the tube plate entirely by the means, the press contact relationship between the flange and the tube plate can be fixed, and the perpendicular state of the tubular member to the tube plate can be maintained.

  As the fixing means using the protruding portion, for example, a fastening member such as a nut that forms a screw in the protruding portion and is screwed thereto can be used. Then, the flange is pressed against the tube plate with a sufficient force using a fastening member or the like using the protruding portion, so that the weight of the flange and the portion attached to the flange and the moment generated therewith can be reduced between the flat surface and the tube plate surface. While supporting by the vertical force between them and the frictional force that accompanies it, sufficient surface pressure remains on the entire contact surface, and as described above, the tubular member is in a state of being surely perpendicular to the tube plate. Can be held.

  In addition, since the support is attached to the flange and the support supports the laser light emitting device for emitting laser light, the laser light emitting device is tubed through the support by attaching the flange to the tube plate. Can be attached to a board.

  Further, in order to support the laser light emitting device by the support, positioning means is provided on the support, and the laser light emitted from the laser light emitting device passes through the center of the tube hole in the cylinder of the cylindrical member. Since the attitude of the laser beam emitting device can be determined so that the laser beam is emitted in a direction perpendicular to the flange, the positioning means is operated once to determine the attitude as described above. By simply attaching to the tube, laser light can be emitted in a direction perpendicular to the tube plate. In a heat exchanger, a large number of tube plates and intermediate tube support plates are often provided. Therefore, when centering them, it is necessary to first set the laser light emitting device in a predetermined posture. Even if it is confirmed, since the operation is performed only once, the laser beam can be emitted in a direction perpendicular to the tube plate with a simple operation.

  As a result, in the heat exchanger, in the tube plate structure to be centered consisting of a combination of a plurality of tube plates and a tube support plate between the tube plates provided as necessary, for example, a reference tube plate on one end side The reference tube sheet is fixed and the final tube sheet is centered in parallel with the reference tube sheet so that the final tube sheet on the other end side is close to the state when assembled as a tube sheet structure. The flange is attached to at least two locations outside the reference tube plate, and the target for imaging the laser beam is attached to the inside of the final tube plate in the same manner as the normal laser centering method, Laser light is emitted from the laser light emitting device in a direction perpendicular to the reference tube plate, and this is imaged on the target. The final tube plate is moved while maintaining the state parallel to the reference tube plate, and the laser light is imaged. Make sure the position is at the center of the target. Accordingly, by the centering of the final tube plate, both tube sheet, it can be arranged in perpendicular state to the center line of the tube hole corresponding to each other via a laser beam. Other tube plates and tube support plates can be centered in the same manner.

  In the centering operation as described above, when the centering device is attached to the reference tube plate, the target is then attached to the tube support plate and the intermediate tube plate, and the focus adjustment is performed by the laser light emitting device as usual. Therefore, centering of a large number of tube support plates and intermediate tube plates can be performed very easily and efficiently. And compared with the centering which used the conventional piano wire etc., work time and the effort concerning a work can be reduced significantly.

  In addition, since the center line connecting the center of the corresponding tube hole between the tube plates and the tube plate are inevitably perpendicular to the flatness of the flange and the angle adjustment accuracy of the laser beam, those The centering accuracy can be sufficiently improved. That is, the problem that it is difficult to obtain a right angle with high accuracy in the conventional centering method using laser light is solved.

  And, with this highly accurate centering of the tube plate and the tube support plate and mounting in that state, extra resistance does not occur when inserting the tube into the tube hole, and the tube can be easily inserted, The insertion state is improved, and it is possible to eliminate the occurrence of an inconvenience that an external force is applied to the tube. In addition, the fluid sealing performance between the tube plates can be improved.

  In the invention of claim 2, the attitude of the laser light emitting device is determined and supported so that the laser light passes through the center of the tube hole in the cylinder of the cylindrical member and is emitted in a direction perpendicular to the flange. Since the positioning means for this purpose has the first support adjusting means provided to support the laser light emitting device at a first position close to the flange of the support so that the fine movement in the vertical direction can be adjusted, By setting the first position so that the laser beam passes through the center position of the tube hole in the lateral direction perpendicular to the direction, the laser beam can pass through the center position of the tube hole only by adjusting the position in one direction of the vertical direction. be able to.

  In addition, the second support adjusting means is provided, and the vertical movement of the laser beam emitting device can be adjusted at the second position of the support body away from the first position. Therefore, by operating the second support adjusting means, the laser beam can be emitted perpendicularly to the flange surface in the vertical direction.

  In addition, a third support adjustment means is provided, and in the third position of the support body away from the first position, the lateral movement of the laser light emitting device can be adjusted. Therefore, by operating the third support adjusting means, the laser beam can be emitted at right angles to the flange surface in the lateral direction.

  As described above, the first support adjustment means adjusts the vertical position to the center position of the tube hole at a position close to the flange, and sets the vertical and horizontal positions at the second and third positions away from the first position. Since the two-dimensional position is determined by fine adjustment separately, the laser beam can be reliably emitted at a right angle to the flange surface. In other words, as in the prior art, when the laser light emitting device is adjusted two-dimensionally directly on the spherical surface simultaneously to determine the direction of the laser light, fine adjustment is difficult and the direction of the laser light can be determined accurately and reliably. However, the invention of claim 2 solves this problem.

  Further, since the position and direction in which the laser beam is emitted can be determined only by adjusting the three positions in the one-dimensional direction by the first to third support adjusting means, the operation is extremely easy. In the first support adjustment means, the position of the laser beam emitting device is adjusted near the flange, so that the second and third support adjustment means at the second and third positions away from the first position. Even if each position is finely adjusted, the position of the laser beam determined by the first support adjusting means hardly changes. Even if fine adjustment is performed again as necessary, the operation is simple.

  In the invention of claim 3, since the heat exchanger having a centered tube plate is a condenser of a long tube type multi-stage flash-type seawater desalination apparatus, a large number of large heat exchangers that have been extremely difficult with the conventional method are used. The centering of the tube plates and the multiple tube support plates between them can be performed easily, quickly and accurately. And since the gap between the tube hole and the tube can be minimized in a balanced manner on the tube surface, the sealing performance between the tube plates of the condenser of the seawater desalination apparatus gas-sealed with water vapor is improved. Evaporation condensation performance can be improved while maintaining the pressure difference with high accuracy.

  1 and 2 show an example of the overall configuration of a centering device to which the present invention is applied, and FIG. 3 shows a long tube type multistage flash as an example of a tube plate that is centered by applying the centering device of this example. An example of the schematic structure of the part containing the tube plate of the condenser of a water-type seawater desalination apparatus is shown.

In the centering device of this example, when a tube 11 for heat exchange is inserted into the tube hole 1a of the tube plate 1 so as to be perpendicular to the tube plates 1 ₁ to ₁₇ as a plurality of tube plates 1 arranged in parallel. Is a device for centering the tube plates 1 ₂ to ₁₇ with reference to the normal tube plate 1 ₁ , the flange 2, the tubular member 3, the fixing means 4, the support 5, and the laser beam emission Device 6, positioning means 7, and the like. In this example, four tube support plates 12 are provided between the respective tube plates 1 as an appropriate number of tube support plates. In FIG. 3B, the distance between the tube plates and between the tube support plates is shown to be considerably shorter than the actual size compared to the tube plate dimensions. Further, in FIG. 3A, the number of the tube holes 1a is shown large with a small number, but in practice, an extremely large number of tube holes 1a are opened.

The flange 2 includes a flat surface 2a that comes into contact with the tube sheet 1 when centering. The tube 3 passes through the flange 2 and protrudes in the front direction Y ₁ which is the direction of the tube plates 1 ₂ to _{17 in} the longitudinal direction Y as a direction perpendicular to the flat surface 2a of the flange 2. The diameter d ₁ is close to the diameter d of the tube hole 1a as a dimension to enter the hole 1a, and when centering, the tube 3 protrudes from the tube hole 1a when inserted into the tube hole 1a as shown in FIG. A portion 31 is provided and is fixed to the flange 2.

The difference between the diameters d ₁ and d is made as small as possible within a range in which the tube 3 can be easily inserted into the tube hole 1a. When the centering device is used for a plurality of tube sheets of different dimensions, d ₁ is set to a dimension close to the smallest of the plurality of d, and for other large diameter d tube sheets, It is desirable to use an outer cylinder having an outer diameter close to d and an inner diameter fitted to d ₁ . In this example, the tube 3 and the flange 2 are fixed by screwing at a coupling screw portion 23 formed by screwing the flange 2 and the tube 3. In addition, between these, you may fix by other means, such as welding and integral cutting.

  The fixing means 4 is formed so that the flat surface 2a of the flange 2 can be entirely pressed against the outer surface 1b of the tube sheet 1 through the protruding portion 31 when centering. Therefore, in this example, the screw 31a is formed in the protrusion part 31, and the nut 41 is screwed to this screw. Although not shown, a normal washer is interposed between the nut 41 and the inner surface 1 c of the tube sheet 1. In this example, the protruding portion 31, the screw 31a, the nut 41, and the like constitute fixing means.

Support 5 is attached to the flange 2, the vertical direction Z on the support plate 51 which is formed on the perpendicular transverse direction X at the end of the inner rear direction Y ₂ in the longitudinal direction Y in the longitudinal direction Y in the upper, The upper part of the upper support plate 51 and the upper end of the flange 2 in a T-shape are combined with the upper support plate 51, and the lower part includes a portion facing the upper support plate 51 to support the laser beam emitting device 6. It has a frame-like structure including a lower support plate 53 formed on the whole, lateral support plates 54 on both sides in the lateral direction X connecting the upper support plate 51 and the lower support plate 53, and the like. Each plate is connected with screws. Reference numerals 55 and 56 denote a handle and a leg. Reference numeral 57 denotes a hood for shielding outside light. In order to facilitate the structure as described above, the flange 2 is square in this example, but it may be circular.

  The laser beam emitting device 6 for emitting the laser beam is supported on the support 5 as described above. Although the detailed description of the laser beam emitting device 6 is omitted, the laser beam emitting device 6 has the same structure as that of a normal one, emits the laser beam in a straight line in one direction, and forms an image at an arbitrary position on the straight line. You can adjust the focal length. Therefore, a focus adjustment knob 61 is provided. Reference numerals 62 and 63 denote a main switch and an electric wire connection part, respectively.

The positioning means 7 for supporting the laser beam emitting device 6 with the support body 5 is provided on the support body 5, and the laser beam passes through the center line C which is the center of the tube hole 1 a in the tube 3. Thus, the laser light emitting device 6 is formed so as to be able to determine the posture of the laser light emitting device 6 so as to be emitted in the front direction Y ₁ in the longitudinal direction Y which is a direction perpendicular to the flange 2. Focus adjustment knob 61, etc. described above are disposed on the end face of the rear direction Y _2.

  Such positioning means 7 is configured to adjust the position of the laser beam emitting device 6 in the three-dimensional direction of XYZ at each of two positions separated in the Y direction. The first, second, and third support adjusting means 71, 72, and 73 are configured.

The first support adjusting means 71 has the end of the front direction Y _{1 on} the lower support plate 53 as a first position close to the flange 1 of the support 5 so that the laser beam emitting device 6 can be adjusted in a minute movement in the vertical direction Z. It is provided so as to be supported at the lower front center position P which is the center in the X direction on the front side. That is, the adjustment bolt 71a is attached to the lower support plate 53, and a spherical washer 71b provided so as to be supported and adjusted by the adjustment bolt 71a to form a spherical support relationship, although not shown in detail. Further, in this example, although not shown in the figure, on the both sides of the lower front center position P in the X direction, the auxiliary support for supporting the laser beam emitting device 6 at the front side positions in order to make the support state at the front side positions more stable. A round head screw is provided as a support means.

The second support adjusting means 72 can adjust the fine movement of the laser beam emitting device 6 in the vertical direction Z, and when this adjustment is made, the support body separated from the front center position P so that the vertical movement is restricted. As the second position of 5, the lower support plate 53 and the upper support plate 51 are provided so as to be supported at the upper and lower rear center positions Q ₁ and Q ₂ of the center in the X direction on the rear side in the Y ₂ direction end. Therefore, in this example, a vertical fine adjustment micrometer 72a attached to the lower support plate 53 and a vertical adjustment spring screw 72b attached to the upper support plate 51 symmetrically in the vertical direction are provided. Yes. In contrast to this example, the micrometer 72a may be on the upper side and the spring screw 72b may be on the lower side.

The third support adjusting means 73 is capable of adjusting the minute movement in the lateral direction X of the laser light emitting device 6, and when this adjustment is performed, the support away from the front center position P so that the movement in the lateral direction X is restricted. As the third position of the body 5, the horizontal support plate 54 is provided so as to be supported at the horizontal rear side center position R on both sides in the horizontal direction at the center portion in the vertical direction behind the end in the Y ₂ direction. Yes. Therefore, in this example, in FIG. 2B, the lateral fine adjustment micrometer 73a attached to the R ₁ position of the right lateral support plate 54 and the R of the left lateral support plate 54 symmetrically in the lateral direction. A spring screw 73b for lateral adjustment attached at _two positions is provided. The micrometer 73a may be on the left and the spring screw 73b may be on the right.

  A long tube type multi-stage flash type seawater desalination apparatus (hereinafter simply referred to as “seawater desalination apparatus”) 8 provided with a condenser having a tube plate that is centered by applying the centering apparatus as described above is shown in FIG. 3, the main body 81, the condenser 82, the partition plate 83 forming this part, the tube plate 1, the tube hole 1 a and the tube 11, and the tube plate 1 fixed to the main body 81 by screwing or welding or the like. A tube plate support plate 84, a demister 85 for removing mist in the evaporated water vapor, and the like.

In this apparatus, although not shown, brine BR such as seawater heated to a temperature of about 120 ° C. by a circulation pump and a heater forms a water channel at the bottom of the main body 1, as in a normal apparatus. The pressure difference is generated between the specific sections of the respective condensers 82 of the six sections partitioned by the intermediate tube plates 1 ₂ to ₁₆ in the tube length direction by an extraction device such as an ejector. As described above, air is extracted through an orifice or the like, and in each compartment, the brine is flash-evaporated by the temperature difference between the seawater temperature in the compartment and the saturation temperature corresponding to the saturation pressure, and the mist in the water is removed. only flows into the condenser 82 flows through the tube sheet 1 ₁ and 1 ₇ in the tube 11 for sea water is supplied cooling for cooling the circulating water in the water chamber formed is closed by a cover emissions In the meantime Condensation Shimizu FW vapor condenses been cooled is accumulated at the bottom portion of the condenser 82 and sequentially passes through the compartment is adapted to be taken out as fresh water which is finally produced by distilled water pump.

  In such an apparatus, the distance L between the tube sheets is set to about 25 m, for example. And, for example, about four such devices are connected in series, and a high-efficiency seawater desalination plant having 24 evaporation stages is configured. In that case, the pressure difference between the stages is set to about 20 to 30 mmHg, and the above high efficiency is obtained by maintaining this pressure difference.

  The centering device as described above is adjusted so that the laser beam is emitted in the longitudinal Y direction and in the direction of the center line C of the tube hole 1a during manufacture in a manufacturing factory or the like. In this adjustment, first, the alignment of the optical system of the laser light emitting device 6 is adjusted, and when the focal length is changed by the focus adjustment knob 61, all the focal points are the optical axes of the lenses in the device, and the center is set by the next operation. It is made to coincide with the optical axis directed in the direction of the line C. In this adjustment, a collimator is used as in a normal apparatus.

  Next, the positioning means 7 is operated so that the optical axis that is the laser beam emission direction is the center and position of the center line C that is the center of the tube hole 1 a and the center of the tube 3. That is, in the first support adjusting means 71, this is provided so as to support the laser light emitting device 6 at the lower front center position P which is the center in the X direction on the front side, and therefore at a position immediately below the center line C. Only the vertical position is adjusted by operating the adjusting bolt 71a.

  In the second support adjusting means 72, this is provided so as to support the laser beam emitting device 6 at the upper and lower rear center position Q which is the center in the X direction on the rear side, and therefore at a position immediately below and immediately above the center line C. Therefore, by operating the vertical fine adjustment micrometer 72a to adjust the vertical position, the vertical direction of the laser light is adjusted to coincide with the center line C. . In this case, if necessary, the adjustment bolt 71a and the micrometer 72a are readjusted so that the upward position of the emitted laser light coincides with the center line C again.

  At this time, since the first support adjustment means 7 uses a spherical support structure, fine adjustment by the second support adjustment means 72 is smoothly performed under a stable support state on the front side. Further, the displacement of the laser beam emitting device 6 due to the movement of the micrometer 72 is elastically absorbed while being supported by the spring screw 72b provided oppositely.

  In the third support adjustment means 73, this is provided so as to support the laser beam emitting device 6 at the lateral rear side center position R which is the center position in the vertical direction on both sides in the X direction on the rear side. The adjustment micrometer 73a is operated to finely adjust the horizontal position, and the horizontal direction X of the laser light is adjusted. According to the first and second support adjusting means 71 and 72, the laser beam emitting device 6 is supported so that the horizontal direction of the laser beam is substantially directed to the direction of the center line C from the beginning. The support adjusting means 7 adjusts this with higher accuracy. Also in this case, due to the spherical support structure in the first support adjusting means 7, the adjustment by the third support adjusting means 73 is smoothly performed under the stable support state on the front side. The movement of the micrometer 73a is elastically supported by the spring screw 73b.

  Although detailed description is omitted, the above adjustment is usually performed using a collimator and a vertical collimator used for adjusting the optical system. The adjustment accuracy is within ± 1 minute as the misalignment angle between the optical axis and the center line C. In order to finely adjust the position of the laser beam emitting device 6 in the horizontal direction, the horizontal position of the optical axis of the laser beam may be shifted by a very small distance from the position of the center line C. If the center line is parallel, this shift is not a problem because it is not amplified by the long distance between the tube plates. When the above adjustment is completed, the position of a round head screw (not shown) of the first support means 71 is set to stabilize the front support state.

FIG. 4 shows a state when the tube plate 1 constituting the condenser 82 of the seawater desalination apparatus 8 is centered using the centering apparatus adjusted as described above.
Centering device, for example in the tubesheet 1 ₁ as a reference tube plate, centering device A to the tube hole 1aA and 1aB two diagonal positions, is mounted as shown in FIG. 1 as B. At this time, the centering devices A and B, insert each tube tube 3 into tube hole 1aA and 1aB, pressing a flat surface 2a of the flange 2 on the outer surface 1b of the tube sheet 1 _1, a double-sided tightening the nut 41 Press contact. This operation alone completes the installation of the centering device. The installation of the centering device is therefore very simple.

Figure 5 illustrates, for example a supporting state when fitted with a centering device A to the reference tube plate 1 _1. In the centering device A, if the relationship between forces is shown in a simplified manner, the vertical force V and the moment M = G × s generated by the gravity G, the horizontal force H received from the tube plate to support them, and the same The accompanying friction force F = 2 μH, the tightening force H ₁ when the nut 41 is tightened excessively, and the accompanying friction force F ₁ = 2 μH ₁ , etc., act. The clamping force H ₁ exists between the flange surface 2 a and the tube plate outer surface 1 b in a state close to a uniform load (H ₁ / S), where S is the area of the flange surface 2 a.

The height h of the flange 2 is slightly larger than s shown in the figure. However, if these are the same value, H = 2G. For example, if H ₁ = 4H = 8G, the total height generated on the flange surface and nut surface Friction force (F + F ₁ ) = 4 μG + 16 μG = 20 μG. And since the tube sheet 1, the flange 2, and the nut 41 are made of metal such as a copper nickel alloy, the friction coefficient μ therebetween is about 0.15 to 0.2. Accordingly, the total friction force is 3G to 4G. As a result, if H ₁ is increased to some extent up to several times H, the centering device can be safely and reliably maintained on the contact surface of the tube sheet 1 without slipping off.

Further, if H ₁ is set as described above, the upper surface of the flange 2 that is separated by the moment M is pulled by H and brought into contact with the tube plate surface, and then the flange surface is caused by the distributed load of (H ₁ / S). Can be entirely pressed against the tube sheet surface. That is, by appropriately setting H ₁ , the influence of the horizontal force H concentrated on the lower end in order to support the moment M is eliminated, and the flange surface is brought into full contact with the tube plate surface. 3 can be reliably directed in the direction of the center line C perpendicular to the tube plate surface, and the laser beam emitting device 6 can be reliably held at the target position.

On the other hand, when the nut 41 is tightened as described above, a tensile force of 10 G is generated in the tube 3. Here, the total mass of the support 5 including the flange 2 and the laser light emitting device 6 is usually 5 kg.
Less than about. As a result, the tensile force of the tube 3 is (H + H ₁ ) of about 500N. Further, the diameter d of the pipe 11 and the pipe hole 1a is set to about 19 mm in the seawater desalination apparatus as in the case of a normal large heat exchanger, and is set to about 16 mm in some cases. The diameter d _{1 of the} tube 3 is also set to a diameter close to these diameters. As a result, even if the depth of the thread groove and the diameter of the in-cylinder space are taken into consideration, the effective cross-sectional area of the tube 3 is at least larger than about 100 mm ² . In the case of a copper-nickel alloy or the like, the tensile strength is about 400 N / mm ² or more. Therefore, the tensile strength of the tube 3 is not a problem at all. In this respect, the fastening force H ₁ can be set to a sufficiently large value.

  In order to generate the 500N pulling force on the nut 41, the force to rotate the nut with a spanner or the like against the frictional force is about 1/10 of the frictional force, that is, about 10N. helpful. Therefore, the mounting operation of the centering device as described above is extremely easy.

  By attaching the centering device as described above, the support 5 that supports the laser light emitting device 6 that has been adjusted in advance so that the optical axis is directed in the direction of the center line C perpendicular to the flange 2 through the flange 2. The posture is determined. Since the tube 3 is attached so as to be perpendicular to the flange 2, the center line C passes through the center of the tube 3.

Then, attach the tube sheet 1 ₁ of tube hole 1aA, tube hole 1aA the tubesheet 1 ₇ as the target tube plate corresponding to 1aB, target 9A shown in FIG. 6 as a laser light receiving portion 1aB, a 9B. The targets 9A and 9B are configured by a ring portion 91 and a shaft portion 92 forming a bolt-shaped member, a nut 93, and the like, and a concentric circle 94 is drawn around the center O. The target is attached by simply passing the shaft portion 92 through the tube hole 1a and tightening the nut 93. Therefore, this operation is also very simple.

Reference tube plate 1 ₁ is fixed mounted in a vertical position to a predetermined position by bolts (not shown) in the tube plate supporting plate 84. Target tube plate 1 ₇ is suspended from the top of the tubesheet support plate 84 vertically, it is temporarily attached to the tube plate supporting plate 84 in a state before tightening the mounting bolts completely become parallel to the reference tube sheet 1 ₁ So that it is supported.

In this state, the centering device A, emits a laser light by turning on the main switch 62 of the laser beam emitting apparatus 6 B, by operating the focus adjustment knob 61, the tube plate 1 a distance of about 25m from the tubesheet 1 ₁ Image on ₇ targets 9A and 9B. At this time before centering, the image forming positions are usually not coincident with the centers OA and OB. Therefore, the tube plate ₁₇ is moved in parallel while maintaining the vertically suspended state, and the two image forming positions are set. Both coincide with the centers OA and OB. As a result, the final tube plate ₁₇ is centered, so that the tube plate ₁₇ is attached to the tube plate support plate 84 and the position thereof is fixed while maintaining this posture. If centering is performed at two positions on the tube plate surface, all other tube holes can be centered. However, in some cases, centering devices should be installed at three locations for confirmation. May be.

Here, the optical axis of the emitted laser light, the flange 2, thus be oriented to the tubesheet 1 ₁ in the direction of the perpendicular central line C, imaging the laser beam on the optical axis at the center OA and OB since thereby, the tube sheet 1 ₁ 1 _7, parallel to each other and at right angles to a line connecting the centers of all corresponding tube hole 1a corresponding include tube hole 1aA and 1aB.

Even when the tube plate ₁₇ is centered and attached as described above using the centering device to which the present invention is applied, the adjustment accuracy of the centering device at the manufacturing center is normally adjusted to a misalignment angle within ± 1 minute. since it is not possible to completely zero inclination angle between the center line by parallel displacement of the tube sheet 1 ₁ 1 _7. However, even if the maximum deviation angle of 1 minute is generated, such a deviation angle is such that it does not affect the insertion state of the tube 11 into the tube hole 1a.

That is, if the offset angle α at maximum of 1 minute is expressed extremely extremely in FIG. 7, if the tube 11 is to be passed through the tube holes of the diameters d of the tube plates ₁₁ and ₁₇ which are briefly shortened. If the diameter is not (d−δd), it cannot pass smoothly in a straight line. However, even if α is 1 minute at the maximum, the gap δd generated thereby is a minute value of δd≈ (50π / 180) /60≈0.0145 mm≈15 μm when the thickness of the tube sheet is 50 mm. become. Therefore, this degree of misalignment angle α has no effect when the tube is passed through the tube hole.

On the other hand, in the conventional centering method, as shown in FIG. 8 (a), it is parallel and the other intermediate tube plate is omitted tubesheet 1 ₁ and the tube plate 1 ₇ and shown, from above When viewed from the side or from the side, the lines LcA and LcB connecting the centers of the corresponding tube holes 1aA and 1aB are inclined with respect to the tube plate surface, so that the tube plate ₁₁ and other tube plates are left and right, up and down, etc. It is shifted in either direction and centered in a parallelogram shape. If this state is shown similarly to FIG. 7, it becomes like FIG.8 (b) which shows the state shifted | deviated by the angle (beta). In the conventional centering method, β may be about 1 °. In that case, δd becomes a value close to 1 mm, the tube 11 cannot be smoothly inserted, and there is a problem that the tube may be bent or the tube may be scratched. Therefore, by using the centering device to which the present invention is applied, one of the major problems in such conventional centering has been solved.

Since the flat surface 2a of the reference tube plate 1 ₁ of the outer surface 1b and the flange 2 to be contacted with this is naturally accurately machined, the centering device is attached to a tube sheet laser light to accurately tubesheet Since it is fired in the direction of the center line C which is a right angle, usually, after the centering device and the target are mounted, the final tube plate ₁₇ is fixedly mounted by performing focus adjustment and centering immediately after the mounting. Good.

  It should be noted that the centering device is affected by some kind of impact during transportation or storage, and the positioning by the positioning means 7 is slightly changed, or the tube sheet surface is slightly uneven. Further, there is a possibility that the flat surface 2a of the flange is slightly inclined and the center line C is not perpendicular to the tube plate 1. Therefore, before the actual centering, the laser beam emitting device 6 is used. It may be reconfirmed whether the optical axis is coincident with the center line C or not.

In that case, the final tube plate ₁₇ is measured so that the center O of the target of the final tube plate ₁₇ becomes a position to be centered, which is measured from a fixed reference position of the condenser 82 determined in advance. When the laser beam is positioned and the focal point of the laser beam does not coincide with the center O thus determined, the positioning means 7 is readjusted so that the focal point coincides with the center O. When such an operation is performed, a certain amount of time is required. However, since this is a one-time operation, the total time of centering and fixed mounting of all the tube plates and support plates is Such operation time is hardly a problem.

When the centering and fixing the mounting of the final tube sheet 1 ₇ in any of the above operations are completed, then sequentially from the side close to the reference tube plate 1 ₁ in the same way as of 1 _7, the tube support plate 12 1 Centering and fixing are carried out in such a manner that four sheets are provided one by one, tube sheets 1 ₂ and four pipe support plates 12 are provided one by one. In this case, the tube support plates 12 of the intermediate tube plate 1 _{2-1 6} and the tube plates, as well as the target tube sheet 1 _7, before centering is suspended vertically from the top of the tube plate supporting plate 84 state is temporarily attached to the tubesheet support plate 84, the reference tube plate 1 ₁ and is supported in a parallel state. Then, by performing a centering operation on all the tube support plates and the intermediate tube plate in the same manner as the final tube plate, all of these can be centered with high accuracy and fixedly attached.

The centering operation of the tube support plate and the intermediate tube plate as described above, all operations centering device A, in a state attached to the reference tube plate 1 ₁ B, without operating the positioning means 7, respectively Since only the operations of attaching the targets 9A and 9B to the tube support plate and the intermediate tube plate and focusing with the focus adjustment knob 61 are required, centering of a large number of tube support plates and intermediate tube plates is extremely easy and efficient. It can be done well and quickly.

That is, in the centering using the conventional piano wire or the like, the line stretched between the reference tube plate ₁₁ and the final tube plate ₁₇ for each of the tube support plates and the intermediate tube plates is centered. Removing one side, passing it through the tube hole to be centered next, stretching it to the position of the final tube plate ₁₇ again, and centering with two wires at the same time, it is difficult and time-consuming work However, the work can be made completely unnecessary in this way.

Moreover, the corresponding center of tube hole of the reference tube plate 1 ₁ and the center of the tube support plate of the tube hole and the intermediate tube plate and connecting it centerline and these tube support plates and the intermediate tube plate is inevitably accurately Since they are at right angles, the accuracy of their centering can be sufficiently improved. That is, the conventional centering method using laser light has a problem that it is difficult to obtain the above right angle with high accuracy. However, the application of the present invention solves this problem.

  The tube plate and the tube support plate are accurately centered and attached in this state, so that the tube can be easily inserted into the tube hole, the insertion state is improved, and external force is applied to the tube. It is possible to eliminate the occurrence of problems such as hanging or bending of the tube. Also, in the seawater desalination system, the gap between the tube hole and the tube is minimized with a good balance on the tube surface, so that the sealing performance between the tube plates that are gas-sealed with water vapor is improved, and the pressure difference between each stage is accurate. Evaporation condensation performance can be improved by maintaining well.

  The present invention is very advantageously used for centering a tube sheet of a large heat exchanger such as a condenser of a seawater desalination apparatus.

(A) is the front view containing the partial cross section which shows an example of the whole structure of the centering apparatus to which this invention is applied, (b) is the elements on larger scale. (A) And (b) is the top view and side view of the said centering apparatus. It is explanatory drawing of the long tube type multistage flash-type seawater desalination apparatus provided with the tube sheet centered by the said apparatus, (a) shows a cross-sectional state, (b) shows the side surface state of a tube bundle. (A) And (b) is explanatory drawing which shows the state which attached the centering apparatus and the target to the figure of the said seawater desalination apparatus. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state of force when a centering apparatus is attached to a tube sheet. (A) is sectional drawing which shows the state which attached the target to the tube sheet, (b) is a front view which shows the surface of a target. It is explanatory drawing which shows a state when a tube sheet shifts and is centered. (A) And (b) is explanatory drawing which shows a state when a tube sheet shifts and is centered by the conventional centering method.

Explanation of symbols

1, 11 ₁ to ₁₇ Tube plate 1a Tube hole 1A, 1B Centering device 2 Flange 2a Flat surface 3 Tube (tubular member)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 4 Fixing means 5 Support body 6 Laser beam emitting apparatus 7 Positioning means 8 Seawater desalination apparatus, long-pipe type multistage flash type seawater desalination apparatus 11 Pipe (heat exchange pipe)
31 Protruding part (fixing means)
31a Screw (fixing means)
41 Nut (fixing means)
71 1st support adjustment means 72 2nd support adjustment means 73 3rd support adjustment means 71a Adjustment bolt (1st support adjustment means)
71b Spherical surface seat (first support adjusting means)
72a Micrometer for fine adjustment in the vertical direction (second support adjustment means)
72b Spring screw (second support adjustment means)
73a Lateral fine adjustment micrometer (third support adjustment means)
73b Spring screw (third support adjusting means)
82 Condenser C Centerline (center of tube hole)
d ₁ Diameter close to the diameter of the tube hole (dimension entering the tube hole)
P Upper front center position (first position)
Q ₁ , Q ₂ vertical center position (second position)
R, R ₁ , R ₂ lateral rear center position (third position)
Y, Y ₁ longitudinal direction, forward direction (perpendicular direction)

Claims (3)

In a centering device for centering the tube plate when inserting a tube for heat exchange into a tube hole of the tube plate so as to be perpendicular to a plurality of tube plates arranged in parallel,
A flange having a flat surface to be brought into contact with the tube sheet when the centering is performed, and a dimension that passes through the flange and protrudes from the flat surface of the flange in the direction perpendicular to the tube hole. A cylindrical member that has a projecting portion that protrudes from the tube hole when it is put into the tube hole when centering and is fixed to the flange; and A fixing means formed so that a flat surface can be entirely pressed against the tube plate via the protrusion, a support attached to the flange, and a laser beam supported by the support. And a laser beam emitting device for emitting the laser beam, and the laser beam is emitted in a direction perpendicular to the flange through the center of the tube hole in the cylinder of the cylindrical member. So that the laser light Centering device for a positioning means for defining the orientation of the elevation device for supporting the laser emitting apparatus in the support, characterized in that the have a.   The positioning means includes a first support adjusting means provided to support the laser light emitting device at a first position close to the flange of the support body so that the fine movement in the vertical direction can be adjusted; The laser beam emitting device can be adjusted at a second position away from the first position of the support so that the vertical movement can be adjusted and the vertical movement is restricted when the adjustment is made. The second support adjusting means provided and the laser beam emitting device can be adjusted for fine movement in the lateral direction, and when the adjustment is made, the first movement of the support body is restricted. The centering device according to claim 1, further comprising third support adjusting means provided to support at a third position distant from the position. The centering device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat exchanger is a condenser of a long tube type multi-stage flash-type seawater desalination apparatus.

Images