JP2007075750A - Crushing tool and crushing method of to-be-crushed material - Google Patents

Crushing tool and crushing method of to-be-crushed material Download PDF

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JP2007075750A
JP2007075750A JP2005267886A JP2005267886A JP2007075750A JP 2007075750 A JP2007075750 A JP 2007075750A JP 2005267886 A JP2005267886 A JP 2005267886A JP 2005267886 A JP2005267886 A JP 2005267886A JP 2007075750 A JP2007075750 A JP 2007075750A
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crushing
heat source
container
reaction
peroxide
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Kazunari Ikuta
一成 生田
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Kawai Lime Industry Co Ltd
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Kawai Lime Industry Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a crushing tool allowing utilization of a sufficient amount of a heat source causing a thermit reaction and having excellent ignitability, crushing power and handling properties and a crushing method of a to-be-crushed material allowing stable ignition of the heat source and having high crushing power. <P>SOLUTION: The tool has a heat source causing a thermit reaction and a container containing the heat source volatilizing through the reaction heat of the thermit reaction to generate a high-pressure gas. The method comprises charging the crushing tool having the heat source causing a thermit reaction and the container containing the heat source volatilizing through the reaction heat of the thermit reaction to generate a high-pressure gas into a to-be-crushed material, e.g. rocks or concrete buildings and crushing by utilizing the high-pressure gas generated in the container through the volatilization. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、岩石やコンクリート構造物などの被破砕物を破砕するための破砕具及び破砕方法に関し、詳細には、テルミット反応を起こす熱源がテルミット反応の反応熱により蒸発して高圧ガスを発生する気体発生源の容器に収容される破砕具及び該破砕具の容器を被破砕物に装填し、テルミット反応の反応熱により容器を蒸発させて発生する高圧ガスを利用する被破砕物の破砕方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a crushing tool and a crushing method for crushing an object to be crushed, such as a rock or a concrete structure. Specifically, a heat source that causes a thermite reaction evaporates due to the reaction heat of the thermite reaction to generate a high-pressure gas. The present invention relates to a crushing tool accommodated in a gas generation source container and a method for crushing a crushing object using high-pressure gas generated by loading the crushing tool container into the crushing object and evaporating the container with reaction heat of the thermite reaction. .

従来、岩石やコンクリート構造物など被破砕物の破砕には、火薬を使用したコンクリート破砕器やテルミット反応を利用した破砕用組成物などが用いられている。破砕用組成物は、酸化剤、還元剤及び気体発生剤を用い、テルミット反応による高温の反応熱で気体発生剤が蒸発して発生する高圧ガスを用いて岩石などを破砕するもので、本願出願人は無機過酸化物からなる酸化剤と、粉状金属からなる還元剤と、気体発生剤と、からなる破砕用組成物（特許文献１参照）及び金属酸化物からなる酸化剤と、粉状金属からなる還元剤と、プラスチック粉からなる気体発生剤とからなり、酸化剤と還元剤とからなる熱源の反応熱で気体発生剤を燃焼させることで高圧ガスを得、岩石やコンクリート構造物などを破砕する破砕用組成物（特許文献２参照）を提案している。   Conventionally, for crushing objects to be crushed such as rocks and concrete structures, concrete crushers using explosives, crushing compositions using thermite reaction, and the like are used. The crushing composition uses an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent, and a gas generating agent, and crushes rocks and the like using a high-pressure gas generated by evaporation of the gas generating agent due to high-temperature reaction heat by the thermite reaction. A human is an oxidizer composed of an inorganic peroxide, a reducing agent composed of a powdered metal, and a gas generating agent. It consists of a reducing agent consisting of metal and a gas generating agent consisting of plastic powder. By burning the gas generating agent with the reaction heat of a heat source consisting of an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent, high-pressure gas is obtained, such as rocks and concrete structures The composition for crushing which crushes (refer patent document 2) is proposed.

特開２００３−２７７１８１号公報JP 2003-277181 A 特開２００４−９９４０３号公報JP 2004-99403 A

しかし、上記従来の破砕用組成物に、熱源に対する安定した着火性と高い破砕威力を付与するためには、気体発生剤の重量を熱源の重量とほぼ同重量にする必要があった。その結果、被破砕物に設けられた穿孔内に破砕用組成物を充填する際、充填できる熱源の割合は気体発生剤の存在で制約を受け、穿孔の全容積のおよそ半分程度に充填できるに過ぎず、気体発生剤によって発熱密度が低下させられ、破砕威力を減じられるという矛盾が生じていた。また、気体発生剤として用いるプラスチックは粉状にする必要があり、その作業は煩雑であった。また、酸化剤と還元剤と気体発生剤の３種を混合する作業は煩雑であった。さらに、作業現場で穿孔に破砕用組成物を充填する作業は煩雑であった。   However, in order to impart stable ignitability to the heat source and high crushing power to the conventional crushing composition, it is necessary to make the weight of the gas generating agent substantially the same as the weight of the heat source. As a result, when the composition for crushing is filled into the perforations provided in the object to be crushed, the ratio of the heat source that can be filled is limited by the presence of the gas generating agent, and can be filled to about half of the total volume of the perforations. However, there was a contradiction that the heat generation density was lowered by the gas generating agent and the crushing power was reduced. Further, the plastic used as the gas generating agent needs to be powdered, and the operation is complicated. Moreover, the operation | work which mixes three types, an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent, and a gas generating agent, was complicated. Furthermore, the work of filling the composition for crushing the perforations at the work site has been complicated.

本発明は、テルミット反応を起こす熱源を十分な量使用でき、着火性と破砕威力に優れ、取り扱い性にも優れる破砕具を提供することを課題とする。また、熱源に対する着火が安定して行え、破砕威力の高い被破砕物の破砕方法を提供することを課題とする。   It is an object of the present invention to provide a crushing tool that can use a sufficient amount of a heat source that causes a thermite reaction, is excellent in ignitability and crushing power, and is excellent in handleability. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for crushing an object to be crushed, which can stably ignite a heat source and has high crushing power.

本発明者は、従来、気体発生剤として用いたプラスチックを粉状にせず容器に成形し、この容器に熱源を収容してテルミット反応を起こさせたところ、容器が蒸発して高圧ガスを発生し、気体発生剤として十分に機能し得ることを見出し本発明に想到した。
本発明は、テルミット反応を起こす熱源と、該熱源が起こすテルミット反応の反応熱により蒸発して高圧ガスを発生する前記熱源を収容する容器と、を備えてなることを特徴とする破砕具を要旨とする。 The inventor of the present invention molded a plastic used as a gas generating agent into a container without powdering, and accommodated a heat source in this container to cause a thermite reaction. The container evaporated to generate high-pressure gas. The present inventors have found that it can sufficiently function as a gas generating agent and have arrived at the present invention.
The gist of the present invention is a crushing tool comprising: a heat source that causes a thermite reaction; and a container that accommodates the heat source that is evaporated by reaction heat of the thermit reaction that is caused by the heat source to generate a high-pressure gas. And

上記の発明で、熱源を金属酸化物又は金属過酸化物の酸化剤と、粉状金属の還元剤とからなるものとしても良い。また、金属酸化物は酸化鉄（Fe2O3）及び／又は酸化銅（CuO）で、金属過酸化物は過酸化マグネシウム、過酸化カルシウム、過酸化ナトリウム、過酸化カリウムから選ばれた１種以上で、また粉状金属は粉状アルミニウム及び／又は粉状マグネシウムとしても良い。また、容器をプラスチックで形成しても良く、プラスチックはポリエチレンテレフタレート（PET）又はポリオキシメチレン（POM）としても良い。 In the above invention, the heat source may be composed of a metal oxide or metal peroxide oxidizing agent and a powdery metal reducing agent. The metal oxide is iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) and / or copper oxide (CuO), and the metal peroxide is one selected from magnesium peroxide, calcium peroxide, sodium peroxide, and potassium peroxide. As described above, the powder metal may be powder aluminum and / or powder magnesium. The container may be made of plastic, and the plastic may be polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyoxymethylene (POM).

テルミット反応を起こす熱源と、該熱源が起こすテルミット反応の反応熱により蒸発して高圧ガスを発生する前記熱源を収容する容器とを備えてなる破砕具の前記容器を岩石やコンクリート構造物などの被破砕物に装填し、前記容器が蒸発して発生する高圧ガスを利用することを特徴とする被破砕物の破砕方法を要旨とする。この発明で、破砕具を上記のいずれかとしても良い。   A container of a crushing tool comprising a heat source that causes a thermite reaction and a container that accommodates the heat source that evaporates by reaction heat of the thermite reaction caused by the heat source and generates a high-pressure gas is covered with a cover such as a rock or a concrete structure. The gist of the method for crushing an object to be crushed is that it is loaded into a crushed object and uses high-pressure gas generated by evaporation of the container. In the present invention, the crushing tool may be any of the above.

本発明の破砕具は、熱源のみを容器に充填できるので、十分な量の熱源を使用でき、ひいては安定した着火性と高い破砕威力を有し、取り扱い性にも優れる。また、被破砕物に容器を装填するだけで破砕が行えるので、破砕のための準備作業が簡単かつ効率的に行える。プラスチックを粉状にする必要がない上、廃プラスチックを容器に成形して気体発生源として利用できるので、廃プラスチックの処理が促進できる。酸化剤に金属過酸化物を用いた場合、反応残渣は狭義のテルミット反応のような土壌に好ましくない鉄や銅などではなく、地質構成成分に限りなく近いので土壌汚染の可能性が低く、地球環境に優しい態様で岩石等を破砕できる。   Since the crushing tool of the present invention can fill only the heat source into the container, a sufficient amount of the heat source can be used, and as a result, it has stable ignitability and high crushing power and is excellent in handling. Further, since the crushing can be performed simply by loading the container to the object to be crushed, the preparatory work for crushing can be performed easily and efficiently. The plastic does not need to be powdered, and the waste plastic can be molded into a container and used as a gas generation source, thereby facilitating the treatment of the waste plastic. When metal peroxide is used as the oxidizer, the reaction residue is not iron or copper, which is undesirable for the soil as in the narrow sense of thermite reaction. Rocks can be crushed in an environmentally friendly manner.

本発明の被破砕物の破砕方法は、安定した着火性と高い破砕威力で被破砕物を破砕でき、また、廃プラスチックの処理を促進できる。   The method for crushing an object to be crushed according to the present invention can crush the object to be crushed with stable ignitability and high crushing power, and can promote the treatment of waste plastic.

本明細書におけるテルミット反応は、金属酸化物とアルミニウム粉とによる狭義のテルミット反応のみならず、酸化剤と金属の還元剤とによる発熱を伴う反応を含む広義のテルミット反応である。   The thermite reaction in the present specification is not only a narrow-sense thermite reaction caused by a metal oxide and an aluminum powder, but also a broad-sense thermite reaction including a reaction accompanied by heat generation caused by an oxidizing agent and a metal reducing agent.

熱源を構成する酸化剤の金属酸化物は、粉状金属の還元剤とテルミット反応を起こす限り特に限定はないが、酸化鉄、酸化銅などを例示でき、これらの併用もできる。   The metal oxide of the oxidant constituting the heat source is not particularly limited as long as it causes a thermite reaction with the powdery metal reducing agent, but iron oxide, copper oxide and the like can be exemplified, and these can be used in combination.

熱源を構成する酸化剤の金属過酸化物は、粉状金属の還元剤とテルミット反応を起こす限り特に限定はないが、アルカリ土類金属又はアルカリ金属の過酸化物あるいはマグネシウムの過酸化物を例示できる。また、これらには、過酸化カルシウム、過酸化ナトリウム、過酸化カリウム、過酸化マグネシウムなどを例示でき、特に取り扱いの容易性から過酸化カルシウムが好ましい。また、これらの併用もできる。なお、これらの酸化剤が還元剤のアルミニウム又はマグネシウムと反応して生成するのは、各々酸化カルシウム、酸化ナトリウム、酸化カリウム、酸化マグネシウムあるいは酸化アルミニウムで、これらはいずれも土壌の化学組成物として存在する。   The metal peroxide of the oxidizing agent that constitutes the heat source is not particularly limited as long as it causes a thermite reaction with the reducing agent of the powder metal, but an alkaline earth metal, an alkali metal peroxide, or a magnesium peroxide is exemplified. it can. In addition, these include calcium peroxide, sodium peroxide, potassium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, and the like, and calcium peroxide is particularly preferable because of easy handling. These can also be used in combination. These oxidants are produced by reaction with the reducing agent aluminum or magnesium, respectively, calcium oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide or aluminum oxide, all of which exist as a chemical composition of the soil. To do.

熱源を構成する還元剤は、酸化剤とテルミット反応を起こす限り特に限定はないが、粉状アルミニウム又は粉状マグネシウムなどを挙げることができ、これらの併用もできる。   The reducing agent constituting the heat source is not particularly limited as long as it causes a thermite reaction with the oxidizing agent, and examples thereof include powdered aluminum or powdered magnesium, and these can also be used in combination.

熱源を収容する容器は、熱源のテルミット反応で発生する高熱により蒸発して高圧ガスを発生する気体発生源として機能し得る素材から構成される。このような素材としては、プラスチックが好ましい。プラスチックは、比熱容量が小さいものが好ましく、ポリエチレンテレフタレート（PET）、ポリオキシメチレン（POM）、ABS、ポリカーボネート、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルスルフォン等を例示できる。特に、ポリエチレンテレフタレート（PET）は、使用量が多いので、廃プラスチックの処理を促進する点から、また、ポリオキシメチレン（POM）は高圧ガス化しやすい点からより好ましい。   The container that houses the heat source is made of a material that can function as a gas generation source that evaporates due to high heat generated by the thermite reaction of the heat source and generates high-pressure gas. As such a material, plastic is preferable. The plastic preferably has a small specific heat capacity, and examples thereof include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyoxymethylene (POM), ABS, polycarbonate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ether ketone, and polyether sulfone. In particular, since polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used in a large amount, it is more preferable because it promotes the treatment of waste plastics, and polyoxymethylene (POM) is more preferable because it is easily gasified at high pressure.

熱源とこれを収容する容器で構成される破砕具は、該容器を岩石やコンクリート構造物などの被破砕物に装填し、容器内の熱源に着火することにより発生する高熱で容器が蒸発して高圧ガスとなり被破砕物を破砕できる。酸化剤に金属酸化物を用いる場合、金属酸化物としてFe2O3、還元剤として粉状アルミニウムを例にとり、テルミット反応による反応熱の発生を示せば次のようになる。
Fe2O3＋2Al→Al2O3＋2Fe＋Q1（発熱量）
上記反応による反応熱で比熱容量が水より小さいプラスチックで成形された容器を容易に高圧ガス化できる。
また、酸化剤に金属過酸化物を用いる場合、金属過酸化物として過酸化カルシウム、還元剤として粉状アルミニウムを例にとり、テルミット反応による反応熱の発生を示せば次のようになる。
3CaO2＋2Al→Al2O3＋3CaO＋Q2（発熱量）
発熱量Q2は、狭義のテルミット反応の酸化鉄と粉状アルミニウムの反応における発熱量の約60％である。 A crushing tool composed of a heat source and a container that accommodates the container evaporates due to high heat generated by igniting the heat source in the container by loading the container on a crushed object such as a rock or concrete structure. It becomes high-pressure gas and can crush the object to be crushed. When a metal oxide is used as the oxidizing agent, Fe 2 O 3 is used as the metal oxide and powdered aluminum is used as the reducing agent, and the generation of reaction heat by the thermite reaction is shown as follows.
Fe 2 O 3 + 2Al → Al 2 O 3 + 2Fe + Q 1 (calorific value)
A container formed of a plastic having a specific heat capacity smaller than water due to the heat of reaction due to the above reaction can be easily gasified at high pressure.
When a metal peroxide is used as the oxidizing agent, calcium peroxide as the metal peroxide and powdered aluminum as the reducing agent are taken as an example, and generation of reaction heat by the thermite reaction is shown as follows.
3CaO 2 + 2Al → Al 2 O 3 + 3CaO + Q 2 (calorific value)
Calorific value Q 2 are about 60% of the heating value in the reaction of iron oxide and powdered aluminum in the narrow sense of the thermite reaction.

以上説明した通り、本発明の破砕具は、容器を気体発生源としたことにより容器に熱源のみを収容すればよいので、熱源の割合が気体発生剤の存在で制約を受けることもなく、安定した着火性と高い破砕威力を有する。   As explained above, since the crushing tool of the present invention only needs to accommodate the heat source in the container by using the container as the gas generation source, the ratio of the heat source is not limited by the presence of the gas generating agent, and is stable. Ignition and high crushing power.

次いで、本発明を実施例を挙げて説明するが、以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。   EXAMPLES Next, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated, it is not limited to a following example.

〔実施例１〕
酸化銅（CuO）81重量部、紛状アルミニウム（Al)19重量部の割合からなる熱源60gをポリエチレンテレフタレート（PET）で成形された容器に収容して破砕具を構成した。一辺60cmのコンクリート製の立方体構造物に複数の穿孔を形成し、これら穿孔に上記の熱源を収容する容器を装填した。装填後、モリブデン線からなる高融点電熱線で熱源を加熱し、破砕試験を行った。その結果、コンクリート製の立方体構造物は破砕され5〜6個の破砕片となった。破砕されたコンクリート片の傍らにはテルミット反応による高熱でほぼ炭化した容器片が散らばっており、容器が気体発生源として機能したことが示された。また、破砕試験を繰り返し行った結果、再現性良く立方体構造物を破砕できた。 [Example 1]
A crushing tool was constructed by accommodating 60 g of a heat source consisting of 81 parts by weight of copper oxide (CuO) and 19 parts by weight of powdered aluminum (Al) in a container formed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). A plurality of perforations were formed in a concrete cubic structure having a side of 60 cm, and a container containing the heat source was loaded into these perforations. After loading, the heat source was heated with a high melting point heating wire made of molybdenum wire, and a crushing test was conducted. As a result, the concrete cubic structure was crushed into 5-6 pieces. Beside the crushed concrete pieces, high heat and almost carbonized container pieces scattered by the Thermit reaction were scattered, indicating that the container functioned as a gas generation source. Moreover, as a result of repeating the crushing test, the cubic structure could be crushed with good reproducibility.

〔実施例２〕
過酸化カルシウム(CaO2)82重量部、粉状アルミニウム(Al)18重量部の割合からなる熱源60gをポリオキシメチレン（POM）で成形された容器に収容して破砕具を構成した。熱源を収容する容器を実施例１と同様に一辺60cmのコンクリート製の立方体構造物に形成された複数の穿孔に装填し破砕試験を行った。その結果、コンクリート製の立方体構造物は破砕され2〜3個の破砕片となり、再現性も良好であった。 [Example 2]
A crushing tool was constructed by storing 60 g of a heat source composed of 82 parts by weight of calcium peroxide (CaO 2 ) and 18 parts by weight of powdered aluminum (Al) in a container formed of polyoxymethylene (POM). A container containing a heat source was loaded into a plurality of perforations formed in a concrete cubic structure having a side of 60 cm in the same manner as in Example 1, and a crushing test was performed. As a result, the concrete cubic structure was crushed into two or three pieces, and the reproducibility was also good.

Claims (7)

テルミット反応を起こす熱源と、該熱源が起こすテルミット反応の反応熱により蒸発して高圧ガスを発生する前記熱源を収容する容器と、を備えてなることを特徴とする破砕具。 A crushing tool comprising: a heat source that causes a thermite reaction; and a container that accommodates the heat source that is evaporated by reaction heat of the thermite reaction caused by the heat source to generate a high-pressure gas. 熱源が金属酸化物又は金属過酸化物の酸化剤と、粉状金属の還元剤とからなることを特徴とする請求項１記載の破砕具。 2. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein the heat source comprises an oxidizing agent of metal oxide or metal peroxide and a reducing agent of powdered metal. 金属酸化物が酸化鉄（Fe2O3）及び／又は酸化銅（CuO）であり、金属過酸化物が過酸化マグネシウム、過酸化カルシウム、過酸化ナトリウム、過酸化カリウムから選ばれた１種以上であり、また粉状金属が粉状アルミニウム及び／又は粉状マグネシウムであることを特徴とする請求項２記載の破砕具。 The metal oxide is iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) and / or copper oxide (CuO), and the metal peroxide is one or more selected from magnesium peroxide, calcium peroxide, sodium peroxide, and potassium peroxide The pulverizing tool according to claim 2, wherein the pulverized metal is powdered aluminum and / or powdered magnesium. 容器がプラスチックで形成されてなることを特徴とする請求項１〜請求項３のいずれかに記載の破砕具。 The crushing tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the container is made of plastic. プラスチックがポリエチレンテレフタレート（PET）又はポリオキシメチレン（POM）であることを特徴とする請求項４記載の破砕具。 The crushing tool according to claim 4, wherein the plastic is polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyoxymethylene (POM). テルミット反応を起こす熱源と、該熱源が起こすテルミット反応の反応熱により蒸発して高圧ガスを発生する前記熱源を収容する容器とを備えてなる破砕具の前記容器を岩石やコンクリート構造物などの被破砕物に装填し、前記容器が蒸発して発生する高圧ガスを利用することを特徴とする被破砕物の破砕方法。 A container of a crushing tool comprising a heat source that causes a thermite reaction and a container that accommodates the heat source that evaporates by reaction heat of the thermite reaction caused by the heat source and generates a high-pressure gas is covered with a cover such as a rock or a concrete structure. A method for crushing an object to be crushed, characterized by using a high-pressure gas that is loaded on a crushed object and generated by evaporation of the container. 破砕具が請求項１〜請求項５のいずれかに記載のものであることを特徴とする被破砕物の破砕方法。 The crushing tool is a thing in any one of Claims 1-5, The crushing method of the to-be-crushed object characterized by the above-mentioned.
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JP2007125540A (en) * 2005-10-07 2007-05-24 Nikko Gika Kk Method and apparatus for crushing rock, structure and the like
WO2011071513A1 (en) 2009-12-09 2011-06-16 Robertson Intellectual Properties, LLC Non-explosive power source for actuating a subsurface tool
FR3040702A1 (en) * 2015-09-09 2017-03-10 Dominique Balleur SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FRACTURING SOLID MATERIAL

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JP2002001153A (en) * 2000-06-20 2002-01-08 Rokkusu Japan:Kk Crushing method by steam explosion
JP2003277181A (en) * 2002-01-17 2003-10-02 Kawai Sekkai Kogyo Kk Composition for crushing
JP2004099403A (en) * 2002-09-12 2004-04-02 Kawai Sekkai Kogyo Kk Composition for crushing
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JP2002001153A (en) * 2000-06-20 2002-01-08 Rokkusu Japan:Kk Crushing method by steam explosion
JP2003277181A (en) * 2002-01-17 2003-10-02 Kawai Sekkai Kogyo Kk Composition for crushing
JP2004099403A (en) * 2002-09-12 2004-04-02 Kawai Sekkai Kogyo Kk Composition for crushing
JP2004270418A (en) * 2003-03-04 2004-09-30 Nikko Gika Kk Work method for crushing reinforced concrete structures

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007125540A (en) * 2005-10-07 2007-05-24 Nikko Gika Kk Method and apparatus for crushing rock, structure and the like
WO2011071513A1 (en) 2009-12-09 2011-06-16 Robertson Intellectual Properties, LLC Non-explosive power source for actuating a subsurface tool
EP2510184A4 (en) * 2009-12-09 2017-12-20 Robertson Intellectual Properties, LLC Non-explosive power source for actuating a subsurface tool
FR3040702A1 (en) * 2015-09-09 2017-03-10 Dominique Balleur SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FRACTURING SOLID MATERIAL
EP3141695A1 (en) * 2015-09-09 2017-03-15 Dominique Balleur System and method for fracturing solid material

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