JP2007071360A - High temperature hollow member reinforcing method - Google Patents

High temperature hollow member reinforcing method Download PDF

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JP2007071360A
JP2007071360A JP2005262008A JP2005262008A JP2007071360A JP 2007071360 A JP2007071360 A JP 2007071360A JP 2005262008 A JP2005262008 A JP 2005262008A JP 2005262008 A JP2005262008 A JP 2005262008A JP 2007071360 A JP2007071360 A JP 2007071360A
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hollow member
temperature
ceramic fiber
fiber material
temperature hollow
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JP4671819B2 (en
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Hidetaka Nishida
秀高 西田
Takaya Nagahisa
堅也 永久
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Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/24Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
    • H04W36/30Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
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    • H04B7/0417Feedback systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Protection Of Pipes Against Damage, Friction, And Corrosion (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an extremely easy method of reinforcing a high temperature hollow member such as a high temperature pipe for offering a sufficient effect of improving creeping durability and basic versatility applicable to all regions. <P>SOLUTION: A flexible long ceramic fiber material which has a thermal expansion coefficient lower than that of a base material for the high temperature hollow member is wound on the high temperature hollow member. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、火力・原子力発電プラントや化学プラント等で用いられる高温配管や圧力容器といった高温中空部材の補強方法に関し、特にボイラやタービン等に用いられる蒸気配管の母材(特に、溶接熱影響部)におけるクリープ耐久性を高めるのに有効である。   The present invention relates to a method for reinforcing a high-temperature hollow member such as a high-temperature pipe or a pressure vessel used in a thermal power / nuclear power plant, a chemical plant, etc., and particularly a base material of a steam pipe used in a boiler, a turbine, etc. It is effective in increasing the creep durability in

例えば発電プラントで使用されるボイラ蒸気配管といった高温配管は、高温(通常、約450℃以上)且つ長時間の使用によりクリープ損傷が進行してクリープボイド(1/1000mm程度の微小な空隙)が発生し、さらに発生したクリープボイドの連結によって亀裂が生じ、この亀裂が成長すると、ついには破断に至る。従って、クリープ損傷状態を的確に把握すると共に、部材の余寿命評価を行うことは、トラブル防止の観点から、また、部材の更新時期を決定する上でも非常に重要である。   For example, high-temperature pipes such as boiler steam pipes used in power plants generate creep voids (small gaps of about 1/1000 mm) due to high temperature (usually about 450 ° C or higher) and creep damage due to prolonged use. Further, a crack is generated by the connection of the generated creep voids, and when this crack grows, it finally breaks. Accordingly, it is very important to accurately grasp the creep damage state and to evaluate the remaining life of the member from the viewpoint of preventing the trouble and determining the renewal time of the member.

余寿命評価は、組織変化や硬さ変化等をもとにした評価方法が提案され、実用化されている。但し、これらの評価因子は、寿命消費率の前半に大きく変化するものの、寿命消費率の後半に達した場合の変化は少ないため、寿命消費率後半における余寿命評価の精度が低いという問題点がある。そこで、クリープひずみ速度に着目し、寿命消費率後半においても余寿命評価の精度を高くするとの試みがある(特許文献1)。   For the remaining life evaluation, an evaluation method based on a structure change, a hardness change, and the like has been proposed and put into practical use. However, although these evaluation factors change greatly in the first half of the life consumption rate, there is little change when the second half of the life consumption rate is reached, so the remaining life evaluation accuracy in the second half of the life consumption rate is low. is there. Therefore, paying attention to the creep strain rate, there is an attempt to increase the accuracy of the remaining life evaluation even in the latter half of the life consumption rate (Patent Document 1).

特開2003−4626号公報JP 2003-4626 A

余寿命評価の精度を高めることはそれはそれで重要な研究テーマであるが、クリープ損傷の進行を阻止することにより高温配管の寿命を延ばすことができるならば、配管の補修、取り替えの回数を減らすことができ、保全コストを低減することができるばかりでなく、保全のためのプラントの稼働停止の頻度が減って生産性を高めることもできるので、その方向性での研究も有益である。   Increasing the accuracy of the remaining life evaluation is an important research theme, but if the life of high temperature pipes can be extended by preventing the progress of creep damage, the number of pipe repairs and replacements should be reduced. In addition to reducing maintenance costs, it is possible to increase productivity by reducing the frequency of plant shutdowns for maintenance, and research in that direction is also beneficial.

この観点での技術の一例としては、特許文献2に開示されたものがある。これは、再生しようとするクリープ劣化部の膨張を拘束するクランプと、クリープ劣化部を加熱する加熱手段とを備えた再生装置を用い、発生する熱膨張の内圧力を利用して、クリープボイドや亀裂を圧接し、補修して延命化を図るものである。因みに、一般的な補修方法は、クリープボイドや亀裂が入った部位を除去し、その部分を肉盛り溶接する方法である。   As an example of the technology in this viewpoint, there is one disclosed in Patent Document 2. This uses a regenerator that includes a clamp that restrains the expansion of the creep deteriorated part to be regenerated and a heating means that heats the creep deteriorated part, and uses the internal pressure of the generated thermal expansion to The crack is pressed and repaired to extend the life. Incidentally, a general repairing method is a method of removing a portion having creep voids or cracks and overlay welding the portion.

あるいは、特許文献3に開示されたものもある。これは、配管内の蒸気から受ける圧力によって配管に作用する応力を軽減または分散させる応力分散部材を配管に取り付けるものであり、具体的には、応力に対する抵抗力を発揮する棒材や板材を応力分散部材として用いることにより、クリープ耐久性を高めようとしている。   Alternatively, there is one disclosed in Patent Document 3. This is to attach to the pipe a stress distribution member that reduces or disperses the stress acting on the pipe due to the pressure received from the steam in the pipe. Specifically, the bar or plate that exhibits resistance to stress is stressed. By using it as a dispersion member, the creep durability is being improved.

特開2003−253337号公報JP 2003-253337 A 特開2004−176791号公報JP 2004-176791 A

しかしながら、前者の場合、既設の配管に外部から熱をかけるので材料組織が変化する可能性があり、強度低下するおそれがあるので安全上行わない。また、再生装置の据え付け等、段取りも極めて煩雑である。さらに、前者はクリープ損傷が進行するのを積極的に防止しようとするものではなく、あくまでも事後の補修的な意味合いでのみ使用されるもので、恒久的な対策とはなり得ない。   However, in the former case, since heat is applied to the existing piping from the outside, there is a possibility that the material structure may change and there is a possibility that the strength may be reduced, so this is not performed for safety. In addition, setup such as installation of the playback apparatus is extremely complicated. Furthermore, the former does not actively prevent the progress of creep damage, but is used only for the purpose of repair after the fact, and cannot be a permanent measure.

その点、後者は、クリープ耐久性を高めることにより、クリープ損傷が進行するのを積極的に防止するものであり、恒久的な対策となり得るが、既に使用されている高温高圧の部位に溶接をすることは安全上好ましくない。また、国の溶接検査も受けなければならず、手間とコストから実用的でない。その上、適用箇所が配管の曲げ部(エルボ管等)や配管同士の突き合わせ溶接部に限定されるという問題がある。   On the other hand, the latter actively prevents creep damage from progressing by increasing creep durability, and it can be a permanent measure. It is not preferable for safety. In addition, it has to undergo national welding inspection, which is not practical due to labor and cost. In addition, there is a problem that the application location is limited to a bent part (elbow pipe or the like) of a pipe or a butt weld part between pipes.

そこで、本発明は、上記問題に鑑みてなされたもので、極めて簡単であるがクリープ耐久性を高める効果が十分にあり、しかも、基本的に全領域に適用できるだけの汎用性がある高温中空部材の補強方法を提供することを課題とする。   Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and is a very simple high-temperature hollow member that has a sufficient effect of increasing creep durability and is versatile enough to be applied basically to the entire region. It is an object of the present invention to provide a reinforcing method.

上記課題を解決する本発明は、高温配管等の高温中空部材の補強方法であって、高温中空部材の母材よりも熱膨張率が低く且つ柔軟性を有する長尺なセラミック繊維材を高温中空部材に巻き付けることを特徴とする。   The present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a method for reinforcing a high-temperature hollow member such as a high-temperature pipe, wherein a long ceramic fiber material having a lower coefficient of thermal expansion and flexibility than a base material of the high-temperature hollow member is replaced with a high-temperature hollow member. It is characterized by being wound around a member.

本発明によれば、セラミック繊維材を巻き付けた高温中空部材内に高温流体を供給することで高温中空部材が昇温する際、セラミック繊維材及び高温中空部材間の熱膨張率差により、膨張しようとする高温中空部材に対してセラミック繊維材が高温中空部材を径内方向に圧縮しようとする力が発生し、この圧縮応力によりクリープボイドが潰されたり、クリープボイドの発生・連結が抑制される。   According to the present invention, when a high temperature hollow member is heated by supplying a high temperature fluid into a high temperature hollow member wound with a ceramic fiber material, the high temperature hollow member tends to expand due to a difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the ceramic fiber material and the high temperature hollow member. The ceramic fiber material generates a force to compress the high-temperature hollow member in the radial direction against the high-temperature hollow member, and this compressive stress crushes the creep void or suppresses the generation and connection of the creep void. .

例えば、長手方向に沿って溶接部を備えた高温中空部材の場合であれば、高温中空部材が膨張することによって溶接部と直交する方向に引張応力が発生するが、セラミック繊維材はこれを減じるあるいは無くす方向に働く。クリープボイドは特に溶接熱影響部(溶接部に近接する母材の部位)に発生しやすいが、かかるセラミック繊維材の働きに伴う圧縮応力がクリープボイドを好適に潰したり、クリープボイドの発生・連結を抑制することができるのである。   For example, in the case of a high-temperature hollow member having a welded portion along the longitudinal direction, tensile stress is generated in a direction orthogonal to the welded portion due to expansion of the high-temperature hollow member, but the ceramic fiber material reduces this. Or work in the direction of elimination. Creep voids are particularly likely to occur in weld heat affected zones (base metal parts close to the weld zone), but the compressive stress associated with the action of such ceramic fiber material can suitably collapse the creep voids, and generate and connect creep voids. Can be suppressed.

また、溶接熱影響部だけに着目すれば、セラミック繊維材が高温中空部材に巻き付けられるということは、個々のセラミック繊維が溶接熱影響部を挟んで両端が高温中空部材の表面に固定された態様になるということであり、このため、溶接熱影響部に対する補強効果は極めて高いと言える。   In addition, if attention is focused only on the welding heat affected zone, the ceramic fiber material is wound around the high temperature hollow member, which means that each ceramic fiber is fixed on the surface of the high temperature hollow member with the welding heat affected zone interposed therebetween. Therefore, it can be said that the reinforcing effect on the weld heat affected zone is extremely high.

ここで、セラミック繊維材は、高温中空部材の膨張に伴う周方向の伸びに対しても破断(切断)されない強度を有するものであることは言うまでもない。また、セラミック繊維材は、絶対に伸びないものである必然性はなく、要は、膨張に伴う高温中空部材の周方向での伸びよりも伸び率が低ければ、高温中空部材に圧縮応力を発生させることができ、クリープボイドを潰したり、クリープボイドの発生・連結を抑制する効果を奏する。   Here, it goes without saying that the ceramic fiber material has a strength that is not broken (cut) even with respect to the elongation in the circumferential direction accompanying the expansion of the high-temperature hollow member. In addition, the ceramic fiber material does not necessarily have to be stretched. In short, if the elongation rate is lower than the elongation in the circumferential direction of the high temperature hollow member accompanying expansion, compressive stress is generated in the high temperature hollow member. It is possible to crush creep voids and to suppress the generation and connection of creep voids.

尚、設備を稼働させれば、高温中空部材内で蒸気等の高温流体が流動するわけであるから、本発明を実施するに当たっては、高温中空部材にセラミック繊維材を巻き付けておくだけでよいが、設備の稼働に先立ち、自発的に高温流体を高温中空部材内に供給するようにしてもよい。   In addition, if the facility is operated, a high-temperature fluid such as steam flows in the high-temperature hollow member. Therefore, in carrying out the present invention, it is only necessary to wrap the ceramic fiber material around the high-temperature hollow member. Prior to the operation of the equipment, the high temperature fluid may be spontaneously supplied into the high temperature hollow member.

また、別の本発明は、高温配管等の高温中空部材同士を突き合わせ溶接したものの補強方法であって、長尺な補強材を高温中空部材間の突き合わせ溶接部を跨ぐように且つ長手方向に沿って配置すると共に、高温中空部材の母材よりも熱膨張率が低く且つ柔軟性を有する長尺なセラミック繊維材を補強材の上から巻き付けることを特徴とする。   Another aspect of the present invention is a reinforcing method for butt-welding high-temperature hollow members such as high-temperature pipes, such that a long reinforcing material straddles a butt-welded portion between high-temperature hollow members and along the longitudinal direction. And a long ceramic fiber material having a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than the base material of the high-temperature hollow member and having flexibility is wound around the reinforcing material.

この発明は、上記第1の本発明と同様の作用効果を奏する上、補強材に拘束されて高温中空部材に曲げ応力やねじり応力が生じるのを防止することができる。従って、高温中空部材に自重や機械的振動による曲がりが生じやすい環境での使用に効果的である。   In addition to the same effects as the first aspect of the present invention, the present invention can be restrained from bending stress and torsional stress in the high-temperature hollow member by being restrained by the reinforcing material. Therefore, the high-temperature hollow member is effective for use in an environment where bending due to its own weight or mechanical vibration is likely to occur.

これらの発明は、高温中空部材が一の板材を管状に丸めて端縁同士を溶接することにより、長手方向に沿って連続する一つの溶接部を有する高温配管、あるいは、一対の半割形状の管部材を管状に合わせて長手方向に端縁同士を溶接することにより、対向位置でそれぞれ長手方向に沿って連続する二つの溶接部を有する高温配管である場合に好適である。   In these inventions, a high-temperature hollow member rounds one plate material into a tubular shape and welds edges to each other so that a high-temperature pipe having one welded portion continuous in the longitudinal direction or a pair of halved shapes It is suitable for a high-temperature pipe having two welded portions that are continuous in the longitudinal direction at opposite positions by welding the end edges in the longitudinal direction by fitting the pipe member into a tubular shape.

また、これらの発明は、高温中空部材を被覆するようにセラミック繊維材を全面的に巻き付ける構成、あるいは高温中空部材の一部が露出するようにセラミック繊維材を巻き付ける構成を採用することができる。前者の場合、補強効果が極めて優れる。後者の場合、母材又は溶接部の金属組織を観察可能であるため、余寿命評価を併せて行うことができ、設備の安全性、信頼性を高めることができる。   Moreover, these inventions can employ a configuration in which the ceramic fiber material is entirely wound so as to cover the high temperature hollow member, or a configuration in which the ceramic fiber material is wound so that a part of the high temperature hollow member is exposed. In the former case, the reinforcing effect is extremely excellent. In the latter case, since the metal structure of the base material or the welded portion can be observed, the remaining life can be evaluated and the safety and reliability of the equipment can be improved.

また、これら発明は、セラミック繊維材として、炭素系、炭化物系、酸化物系、窒化物系の何れか1種類又は2種類以上のセラミック繊維を用いることができる。その場合、セラミック繊維材は、単一種類のセラミック繊維を束にしたもの、または種類の異なるセラミック繊維の束同士を混合したもの、若しくは種類の異なるセラミック繊維を適宜混合して束にしたもの、あるいはセラミック繊維を製織してテープ状にしたものを採用することができる。   Moreover, these inventions can use any one or two or more types of ceramic fibers of carbon-based, carbide-based, oxide-based, and nitride-based ceramic fiber materials. In that case, the ceramic fiber material is a bundle of a single type of ceramic fibers, a mixture of different types of ceramic fibers or a mixture of different types of ceramic fibers appropriately, Or what weaved ceramic fiber and made into tape shape can be adopted.

また、セラミック繊維と高温中空部材の接触部や、セラミック繊維同士の接触部での応力集中を低減する目的、または高温中空部材へセラミック繊維材を巻き付ける際の繊維飛散防止や施工性向上のために、セラミック繊維材の柔軟性を損なわないような高分子や展延性の金属をセラミック繊維同士の間隙に配置した、複合化したセラミック繊維材を用いてもよい。   Also, for the purpose of reducing stress concentration at the contact portion between ceramic fibers and high-temperature hollow member or between the ceramic fibers, or for preventing fiber scattering and improving workability when wrapping ceramic fiber material around high-temperature hollow member Alternatively, a composite ceramic fiber material in which a polymer or a malleable metal that does not impair the flexibility of the ceramic fiber material is disposed in the gap between the ceramic fibers may be used.

以上の如く、本発明は、高温配管等の高温中空部材にセラミック繊維材を巻き付けておき、且つ内部に高温流体が供給されることにより、クリープボイドを潰したり、クリープボイドの発生・連結を抑制することができるため、高温中空部材のクリープ耐久性が増し、クリープ損傷の進行を阻害することができ、その結果、高温中空部材の寿命延長を図ることができる。しかも、所定のテンションを付加した状態でセラミック繊維材を巻き付けるだけでよいので、極めて簡単に施工ができると共に、セラミック繊維材は柔軟性を有するため、基本的に高温中空部材の全領域に適用することができる。   As described above, according to the present invention, a ceramic fiber material is wound around a high-temperature hollow member such as a high-temperature pipe, and a high-temperature fluid is supplied to the inside, thereby crushing a creep void or suppressing generation / connection of a creep void. Therefore, the creep durability of the high-temperature hollow member is increased, and the progress of creep damage can be inhibited. As a result, the life of the high-temperature hollow member can be extended. Moreover, since it is only necessary to wrap the ceramic fiber material in a state where a predetermined tension is applied, the construction can be performed very easily and the ceramic fiber material has flexibility, so that it is basically applied to the entire region of the high-temperature hollow member. be able to.

ボイラやタービン等で用いられる高温配管は、一般的に、一対の半割形状の管部材を管状に合わせて長手方向に端縁同士を溶接して配管構造にしたもの(いわゆるモナカ合わせ構造)や、一の板材を管状に丸めて端縁同士を溶接して配管構造(いわゆる板曲げ長手溶接構造)にしたものが採用される。また、これら配管の端部同士を溶接して繋ぎ合わせ、配管系統を構築する。以下においては、これらの配管を対象として本発明に係る実施形態を説明する。   High-temperature piping used in boilers, turbines, etc. is generally a pipe structure in which a pair of halved pipe members are combined into a tubular shape and the edges are welded in the longitudinal direction (so-called monaca matching structure) One plate material is rounded into a tubular shape and the edges are welded together to form a piping structure (so-called plate bending longitudinal welded structure). Moreover, the ends of these pipes are welded together to construct a piping system. Below, embodiment which concerns on this invention is described for these piping.

図1(イ)は、上述したいわゆる板曲げ長手溶接構造を有し、長手方向に沿って連続する一つの溶接部1’を有する直管1である。同図(ロ)は、上述したいわゆるモナカ合わせ構造を有し、対向位置でそれぞれ長手方向に沿って連続する二つの溶接部2’,2’を有するエルボ管2である。同図(ハ)は、直管1,1同士を突き合わせ溶接することにより、連結部(直管1,1の端部)で周方向に沿って連続する一つの突き合わせ溶接部3’を有する連続配管構造3である。それぞれ配管は、一例として、直径が700mm、肉厚50mm、材質2.25Cr−1Mo鋼のものを用いる。   FIG. 1 (a) shows a straight pipe 1 having the above-described so-called plate bending longitudinal weld structure and having one welded portion 1 'continuous along the longitudinal direction. FIG. 2B shows an elbow tube 2 having the above-described monaca matching structure and having two welds 2 'and 2' that are continuous in the longitudinal direction at opposite positions. FIG. 6 (c) shows a continuous butt weld portion 3 ′ that is continuous in the circumferential direction at the connecting portion (the end portion of the straight tubes 1 and 1) by butt welding the straight tubes 1 and 1 to each other. This is a piping structure 3. As an example, each pipe is made of steel having a diameter of 700 mm, a wall thickness of 50 mm, and a material of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel.

本実施形態の特徴は、配管の母材に比べて熱膨張率が低く且つ比重が軽く、強度のあるセラミック繊維材を配管に巻き付け、固定することにある。セラミック繊維材を巻き付けた配管が昇温する際の該配管とセラミック繊維材との熱膨張率差により、膨張(により拡径)しようとする配管に対してセラミック繊維材が配管を径内方向に圧縮しようとする力が発生し、この圧縮応力により(特に溶接部近傍における熱影響部で発生しやすい)クリープボイドが潰されたり、クリープボイドの発生・連結が抑制され、クリープ耐久性が増し、クリープ損傷の進行を阻害することができる。   The feature of this embodiment lies in that a ceramic fiber material having a low coefficient of thermal expansion and a low specific gravity as compared with the pipe base material is wound around the pipe and fixed. Due to the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between the pipe and the ceramic fiber material when the pipe around which the ceramic fiber material is wound rises in temperature, the ceramic fiber material moves the pipe inward in the radial direction with respect to the pipe to be expanded (and expanded in diameter). A force to compress is generated, and this compressive stress crushes creep voids (especially easily generated in the heat-affected zone in the vicinity of the weld), suppresses the generation and connection of creep voids, and increases creep durability. It is possible to inhibit the progress of creep damage.

昇温のための入熱は、配管内部に高温高圧の流体を供給することにより与えられるが、通常は、ボイラやタービン等の稼働によって水蒸気(温度600℃、蒸気圧4MPa)が配管内部で必然的に流動するのでそれで足りる。   Heat input for raising the temperature is given by supplying a high-temperature and high-pressure fluid inside the pipe. Normally, steam (temperature 600 ° C., vapor pressure 4 MPa) is inevitably inside the pipe due to operation of a boiler, a turbine, or the like. It is sufficient because it is fluid.

図1(イ)から(ハ)において図示される螺旋状線Lは、セラミック繊維材を巻き付けていく手順(軌跡)を示す。そして、セラミック繊維材の巻き付け厚み(セラミック繊維材層の厚み)は、配管の直径や肉厚により変化するが、1〜20mm程度であるのが好ましいので、セラミック繊維材としては、テープ状(帯状)のものを用い、一箇所で約40重に巻き付ける感覚で、しかし段差ができないよう配管の長手方向に少しずつずらしながらセラミック繊維材を巻き付けていき、配管全体をセラミック繊維材で被覆する。   A spiral line L illustrated in FIGS. 1A to 1C indicates a procedure (trajectory) for winding a ceramic fiber material. And although the winding thickness (thickness of a ceramic fiber material layer) of a ceramic fiber material changes with the diameter and thickness of piping, since it is preferable that it is about 1-20 mm, as a ceramic fiber material, it is tape-shaped (band shape) The ceramic fiber material is wound while gradually shifting in the longitudinal direction of the pipe so that there is no level difference, and the entire pipe is covered with the ceramic fiber material.

尚、セラミック繊維材は、ロールに巻かれたものを繰り出しながら配管に巻き付けていくが、巻き付けにある程度のテンション(張力)が掛かるよう、ロールを配管から離間させるようにしてセラミック繊維材にテンションを加えながらロールを配管の回りに周回させていってセラミック繊維材を巻き付けていくようにするのが好ましい。   The ceramic fiber material is wound around the pipe while unwinding what is wound on the roll, but the tension is applied to the ceramic fiber material by separating the roll from the pipe so that a certain amount of tension is applied to the winding. It is preferable that the ceramic fiber material is wound around the pipe while adding a roll.

また、セラミック繊維材は、配管との熱膨張差で焼きばめ状態となって固定されるが、念のため、セラミック繊維材の全長に亘って、あるいは端末及びその間の適宜箇所に接着剤を塗布し、該接着剤でセラミック繊維材が配管に対してゆるまないようにするのも好ましい。この場合、接着剤は、セラミック繊維材との親和性から、セラミック系接着剤が好ましい。   In addition, the ceramic fiber material is fixed in a shrink-fitted state due to the difference in thermal expansion from the piping, but just in case, an adhesive is applied over the entire length of the ceramic fiber material or at the terminal and an appropriate place between them. It is also preferable to apply and prevent the ceramic fiber material from loosening with respect to the piping with the adhesive. In this case, the adhesive is preferably a ceramic adhesive because of its affinity with the ceramic fiber material.

このように、本実施形態は、セラミック繊維材を巻き付けた配管が昇温し、セラミック繊維材及び配管の熱膨張差を利用して配管に(主としてフープ方向に)圧縮応力を発生されるものである。フープ応力で配管を圧縮させることにより、経年劣化や製造不良等により生じた溶接部や母材における金属組織中のクリープボイド等の空孔欠陥が潰されたり、クリープボイドの発生・連結が抑制される。そして、その結果、クリープ耐久性が高まり、配管の寿命延長を図ることができる。   As described above, in this embodiment, the temperature of the pipe around which the ceramic fiber material is wound is increased, and a compressive stress is generated in the pipe (mainly in the hoop direction) using the difference in thermal expansion between the ceramic fiber material and the pipe. is there. By compressing the pipe with hoop stress, void defects such as creep voids in the metal structure of the welded part and base metal caused by aging and manufacturing defects are crushed, and generation and connection of creep voids are suppressed. The As a result, creep durability is improved, and the life of the pipe can be extended.

しかも、特に図1(ハ)に示す場合は、補強材4を溶接部3’を跨ぐように配置させた上でセラミック繊維材を巻き付けているため、連続配管構造3が自重や機械的振動により曲がろうとしても、それが補強材4により規制されて配管に曲げ応力やねじり応力が生じるのを防止することができ、そのゆえ、同図(イ)や(ロ)と異なるケース、即ち、溶接部が配管の周方向に形成されているために溶接部の方向性とセラミック繊維材の巻き付け方向性とが略一致するようなケースでも、溶接部3’近傍におけるクリープ耐久性を高めることができる。尚、一例において、補強材4は、厚みが最大で20mm、長さが最大で10mの部材(セラミック繊維複合材、あるいはステンレス、クロム合金、ニッケル合金、チタン合金、インバー、低合金鋼等の金属系耐熱合金)とされる。   In addition, particularly in the case shown in FIG. 1C, since the reinforcing fiber 4 is disposed so as to straddle the welded portion 3 ′ and the ceramic fiber material is wound, the continuous piping structure 3 is caused by its own weight or mechanical vibration. Even if it is going to bend, it can be prevented from being bent or torsionally stressed in the piping by the reinforcing material 4, and therefore, a case different from FIG. Since the welded portion is formed in the circumferential direction of the pipe, the creep durability in the vicinity of the welded portion 3 ′ can be improved even in a case where the directionality of the welded portion and the direction of winding of the ceramic fiber material substantially coincide. it can. In one example, the reinforcing material 4 is a member having a maximum thickness of 20 mm and a maximum length of 10 m (ceramic fiber composite material, or metal such as stainless steel, chromium alloy, nickel alloy, titanium alloy, invar, low alloy steel, etc. Heat-resistant alloy).

ここで、セラミック繊維としては、大別すると、ピッチ系炭素繊維やPAN系炭素繊維等の炭素系、炭化ケイ素繊維等の炭化物系、アルミナ繊維等の酸化物系あるいは窒化ケイ素繊維等の窒化物系のセラミック繊維であって、配管の熱膨張作用に対する繊維の破断強度が上回っており、配管の昇温後の到達温度によっても酸化等により消耗しないものの何れをも選択できる。   Here, the ceramic fibers can be broadly classified into carbon-based materials such as pitch-based carbon fibers and PAN-based carbon fibers, carbide-based materials such as silicon carbide fibers, oxide-based materials such as alumina fibers, and nitride-based materials such as silicon nitride fibers. Any one of the above-mentioned ceramic fibers, which has a higher breaking strength against the thermal expansion effect of the pipe and can be selected depending on the temperature reached after the pipe is heated, is not consumed due to oxidation or the like.

具体的には、炭素系としては、例えば、東レ株式会社製の商品名「トレカ」を選択でき、炭化物系としては、例えば、Si−Ti−C−O、Si−Zr−C−O又はSi−Al−C−Oからなる繊維である宇部興産株式会社製の商品名「チラノ繊維」(登録商標)、Si−C−Oからなる繊維である日本カーボン株式会社製の商品名「ニカロン」(登録商標)及び商品名「ハイニカロン」(登録商標)、米国 Textron社製のSCSシリーズの繊維、Si−C−Nからなる繊維である米国 Dow Corning社製の商品名「HPZ繊維」の他、米国特許明細書第5,366,943号に記載の実質的にSi、C、O、Bからなる無機強化繊維を選択でき、酸化物系としては、例えば、米国デュポン社製、米国3M社製、住友化学工業株式会社製のそれぞれAl23繊維を選択でき、窒化物系としては、例えば、東燃株式会社製のSi34繊維を選択可能である。但し、配管母材の材質(圧縮座屈強度)、配管の到達温度の範囲、配管母材及びセラミック繊維の熱膨張係数やヤング率やポアソン比を勘案しながら、配管に発生する最大圧縮応力下でも配管を圧縮座屈させないように選択される。 Specifically, for example, the trade name “Torayca” manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc. can be selected as the carbon system, and as the carbide system, for example, Si—Ti—C—O, Si—Zr—C—O, or Si -Trade name “Tyranno Fiber” (registered trademark) manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd., which is a fiber made of Al—C—O, and “Nicalon” (trade name, manufactured by Nippon Carbon Co., Ltd., which is a fiber made of Si—C—O. Registered trademark) and trade name "Hynicalon" (registered trademark), SCS series fiber manufactured by Textron, USA, US-made product name "HPZ fiber" manufactured by Dow Corning, USA Inorganic reinforcing fibers substantially consisting of Si, C, O, and B described in Patent Specification No. 5,366,943 can be selected. Examples of the oxide system include, for example, U.S. DuPont, U.S. 3M, Each A made by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. 2 O 3 fibers can be selected, as the nitride, for example, it is possible to select the Si 3 N 4 fibers made Tonen Corporation. However, under the maximum compressive stress generated in the pipe, taking into consideration the pipe base material (compressive buckling strength), the temperature range of the pipe, the thermal expansion coefficient, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the pipe base and ceramic fiber However, it is selected so as not to compress and buckle the piping.

また、これらの繊維は、通常、数百から数千本の単繊維を束ね、ボビンに巻かれて市販されているが、これを織布状に製織してテープ状(帯状)にしたものをセラミック繊維材として用いる。具体的には、製織機械に複数の繊維ボビンをセットし、(平織り、朱子織り、ブレーディング等の方法によって)製織してセラミック繊維材を製造する。セラミック繊維を折り込むことによるメリットは、織布として扱えるのでハンドリング性が良く、また、三次元的に曲率を持たせてフレキシブルに形状を変えられるため、配管の全領域に適用が可能となるということである。しかも、繊維束が切断されたとしても、織布を形成する他の繊維により強度は維持され、セラミック繊維材としての耐久性が担保される。   In addition, these fibers are usually marketed by bundling hundreds to thousands of single fibers and wound on a bobbin. However, these fibers are woven into a woven cloth to form a tape (band). Used as ceramic fiber material. Specifically, a plurality of fiber bobbins are set on a weaving machine and woven (by a method such as plain weaving, satin weaving, or braiding) to produce a ceramic fiber material. The merit of folding ceramic fiber is that it can be handled as a woven fabric, so it is easy to handle, and it can be applied to the entire area of the piping because it can be flexibly changed in shape with a three-dimensional curvature. It is. Moreover, even if the fiber bundle is cut, the strength is maintained by the other fibers forming the woven fabric, and the durability as the ceramic fiber material is ensured.

配管としては、上記列挙したセラミック繊維よりも熱膨張率が高い母材ということになるが、例えば、炭素鋼鋼管、合金鋼鋼管、ステンレス鋼鋼管の他、圧力容器用鋼板、炭素鋼鍛鋼品、合金鋼鍛鋼品、炭素鋼鋼材、ニッケルクロム鋼鋼材、ニッケルクロムモリブデン鋼鋼材、クロム鋼鋼材、アルミニウムクロムモリブデン鋼鋼材、圧延鋼材、ステンレス鋼棒、ステンレス鋼板、耐熱鋼板、炭素鋼鋳鋼品、ステンレス鋳鋼品、高温高圧用鋳鋼品、鋳鉄品、Ni基耐熱合金材等を選択可能である。   As piping, it will be a base material whose coefficient of thermal expansion is higher than the above-mentioned ceramic fibers, for example, carbon steel pipe, alloy steel pipe, stainless steel pipe, pressure vessel steel sheet, carbon steel forged steel, Alloy steel forging, carbon steel, nickel chrome steel, nickel chrome molybdenum steel, chrome steel, aluminum chrome molybdenum steel, rolled steel, stainless steel rod, stainless steel plate, heat resistant steel plate, carbon steel cast steel, stainless cast steel Products, cast steel products for high temperature and high pressure, cast iron products, Ni-base heat-resistant alloy materials, etc. can be selected.

ここで、本実施形態に係る配管補強方法の材料力学的裏付けを検証する。
1:配管の内圧
2:配管がセラミック繊維材へ与える内圧=セラミック繊維材が配管へ与える外圧
3:外部からセラミック繊維材へ与える外圧(=0)
σ1:配管の外周面における周方向応力
1:配管のポアソン比
2:セラミック繊維材のポアソン比
1:配管のヤング率
2:セラミック繊維材のヤング率
δ:熱膨張による配管の半径増加量
1:配管の内周半径
2:配管の外周半径
3:セラミック繊維材の巻き付け外周半径
とすると、以下の関係が成立する。

Figure 2007071360
Here, the material mechanical support of the pipe reinforcement method according to the present embodiment will be verified.
P 1 : Internal pressure of piping P 2 : Internal pressure applied by piping to ceramic fiber material = External pressure applied by ceramic fiber material to piping P 3 : External pressure applied to ceramic fiber material from outside (= 0)
σ 1 : Circumferential stress on the outer peripheral surface of the pipe m 1 : Poisson's ratio of the pipe m 2 : Poisson's ratio of the ceramic fiber material E 1 : Young's modulus of the pipe E 2 : Young's modulus of the ceramic fiber δ: Pipe of the pipe due to thermal expansion Radius increase amount R 1 : Inner radius of piping R 2 : Outer radius of piping R 3 : Winding outer radius of ceramic fiber material The following relationship is established.
Figure 2007071360

即ち、配管にセラミック繊維材を巻き付けると、σ1(配管の外周面に働く周方向応力)が{(R1 2+R2 2)/(R2 2−R1 2)}P2分だけ減じられる。これにより、クリープ損傷が最も大きい部位である外側のσ1が減じることにより、配管のクリープ寿命が増すこととなる。もし、2R1 21<(R1 2+R2 2)P2ならば、σ1はマイナスとなり、圧縮となる。これはクリープボイドを潰すこととなり、寿命が回復するのである。 That is, when the ceramic fiber material is wound around the pipe, σ 1 (circumferential stress acting on the outer peripheral surface of the pipe) is reduced by {(R 1 2 + R 2 2 ) / (R 2 2 −R 1 2 )} P 2. It is done. Accordingly, the creep life of the pipe is increased by reducing the outer σ 1, which is the site where the creep damage is greatest. If 2R 1 2 P 1 <(R 1 2 + R 2 2 ) P 2 , σ 1 becomes negative and compression occurs. This crushes the creep void and restores life.

尚、本発明は、上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変更が可能である。   In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, A various change is possible in the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention.

例えば、上記実施形態のように、セラミック繊維材は恒久的に配管に巻き付けておいてもよいが、処理(クリープボイド消去処理:無害化処理)が完了し、配管等のクリープ耐久性が高められたならば、その時点で取り外すようにしてもよい。   For example, as in the above embodiment, the ceramic fiber material may be permanently wound around the pipe, but the treatment (creep void elimination treatment: detoxification treatment) is completed, and the creep durability of the pipe and the like is improved. If so, it may be removed at that time.

また、上記実施形態においては、束状のセラミック繊維を製織したセラミック繊維材を用いているが、束状の繊維のままで配管等に巻き付けるようにしてもよい。   Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the ceramic fiber material which woven the bundle-like ceramic fiber is used, you may make it wind around piping etc. with a bundle-like fiber.

また、セラミック繊維材は、単一種類のセラミック繊維で構成してもよいし、種類の異なるセラミック繊維同士を適宜混合して束とし、あるいは種類の異なるセラミック繊維の束同士を混合し、それらを配管等に巻き付けるようにしてもよいし、あるいはその混合した繊維を製織してテープ状(帯状)にしたものを配管等に巻き付けるようにしてもよい。   Further, the ceramic fiber material may be composed of a single type of ceramic fiber, or a mixture of different types of ceramic fibers may be appropriately mixed to form a bundle, or a bundle of different types of ceramic fibers may be mixed together to form a bundle. You may make it wind around piping etc., or you may make it wrap around the piping etc. what weaved the mixed fiber and made it tape-shaped (band | belt shape).

また、セラミック繊維と配管等の接触部や、セラミック繊維同士の接触部での応力集中を低減する目的、または配管等へセラミック繊維材を巻き付ける際の繊維飛散防止や施工性向上のために、セラミック繊維材の柔軟性を損なわないような高分子や展延性の金属をセラミック繊維同士の間隙に配置した、複合化したセラミック繊維材を用いてもよい。   In order to reduce the stress concentration at the contact portion between ceramic fibers and piping, or between the ceramic fibers, or to prevent fiber scattering and improve workability when wrapping ceramic fiber material around piping, etc. You may use the composite ceramic fiber material which has arrange | positioned the polymer and the malleable metal which do not impair the softness | flexibility of a fiber material in the clearance gap between ceramic fibers.

また、上記実施形態においては、配管の全領域にセラミック繊維材を巻き付けるようにしているが、局所的であってもよい。その場合、有限要素法等の力学的解析結果によりクリープ損傷が進行しやすい箇所を求め、そこを巻き付け箇所として決定する方法が一例として考えられる。   Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the ceramic fiber material is wound around the whole area | region of piping, it may be local. In that case, a method of obtaining a location where creep damage is likely to proceed by a mechanical analysis result such as a finite element method and determining the location as a winding location is considered as an example.

また、上記実施形態においては、表面が見えなくなる程度に配管をセラミック繊維材で被覆するものであったが、図2(イ)に示す如く、長手方向における巻き付けピッチを長く取ったり、同図(ロ)に示す如く、セラミック繊維材を近接する二箇所位置に巻き付け、その間に非巻き付け部5を形成することで、配管等の表面が一部露出する態様にしてもよい。この場合、母材又は溶接部の金属組織を観察可能となるので、余寿命評価を併せて行うことができ、設備の安全性、信頼性を高めることができる。   Further, in the above embodiment, the pipe is covered with the ceramic fiber material to such an extent that the surface is invisible. However, as shown in FIG. As shown in (b), the surface of the pipe or the like may be partially exposed by winding the ceramic fiber material at two adjacent positions and forming the non-winding portion 5 between the two positions. In this case, since the metal structure of the base material or the welded portion can be observed, the remaining life can be evaluated together, and the safety and reliability of the equipment can be improved.

また、上記実施形態においては、配管に直接セラミック繊維材を巻き付けるようにしているが、セラミック繊維の損傷を防止するため、又は配管等との接触面積調整を目的として、窒化ホウ素等の、コーティングすることにより摩擦係数を低下させる固体潤滑性物質をスプレー又はブラッシング等で配管等の表面に塗布した状態でセラミック繊維材を巻き付けるようにしてもよい。   Further, in the above embodiment, the ceramic fiber material is wound directly around the pipe. However, in order to prevent damage to the ceramic fiber or to adjust the contact area with the pipe or the like, coating with boron nitride or the like is performed. The ceramic fiber material may be wound in a state in which a solid lubricating substance that reduces the friction coefficient is applied to the surface of a pipe or the like by spraying or brushing.

また、上記実施形態においては、既設の配管に対してセラミック繊維材を巻き付けるようにしているが、最初からセラミック繊維材を巻き付けた配管等を用意しておき、これを設備構築時に用いることも可能である。この場合、セラミック繊維材を巻き付けておくことで強度が増すため、母材の薄肉化あるいは低級材質への転換を図ることができ、コスト削減を可能にする。   Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the ceramic fiber material is wound around the existing piping, piping etc. which wound the ceramic fiber material from the beginning are prepared, and this can also be used at the time of equipment construction. It is. In this case, since the strength is increased by winding the ceramic fiber material, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the base material or switch to a lower material, thereby enabling cost reduction.

本実施形態に係る高温配管の補強方法の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the reinforcement method of the high temperature piping which concerns on this embodiment. 他実施形態に係る高温配管の補強方法の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the reinforcement method of the high temperature piping which concerns on other embodiment.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1…直管、1’…溶接部、2…エルボ管、2’…溶接部、3…連続配管構造、3’…溶接部(突き合わせ溶接部)、4…補強材、5…非巻き付け部、L…セラミック繊維材の巻き付け軌跡線   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Straight pipe, 1 '... Welded part, 2 ... Elbow pipe, 2' ... Welded part, 3 ... Continuous piping structure, 3 '... Welded part (butt welding part), 4 ... Reinforcement material, 5 ... Unwrapped part, L ... winding line of ceramic fiber material

Claims (9)

高温配管等の高温中空部材の補強方法であって、高温中空部材の母材よりも熱膨張率が低く且つ柔軟性を有する長尺なセラミック繊維材を高温中空部材に巻き付けることを特徴とする高温中空部材の補強方法。   A method for reinforcing a high-temperature hollow member such as a high-temperature pipe, wherein a long ceramic fiber material having a lower coefficient of thermal expansion and flexibility than a base material of the high-temperature hollow member is wound around the high-temperature hollow member. A method for reinforcing a hollow member. 高温配管等の高温中空部材同士を突き合わせ溶接したものの補強方法であって、長尺な補強材を高温中空部材間の突き合わせ溶接部を跨ぐように且つ長手方向に沿って配置すると共に、高温中空部材の母材よりも熱膨張率が低く且つ柔軟性を有する長尺なセラミック繊維材を補強材の上から巻き付けることを特徴とする高温中空部材の補強方法。   A high-temperature hollow member such as a high-temperature pipe is reinforced by butt welding each other, and a long reinforcing material is disposed so as to straddle the butt-welded portion between the high-temperature hollow members and along the longitudinal direction, and the high-temperature hollow member A method for reinforcing a high-temperature hollow member, characterized in that a long ceramic fiber material having a lower coefficient of thermal expansion and flexibility than the base material is wound around the reinforcing material. 前記高温中空部材は、一の板材を管状に丸めて端縁同士を溶接することにより、長手方向に沿って連続する一つの溶接部を有する高温配管、あるいは、一対の半割形状の管部材を管状に合わせて長手方向に端縁同士を溶接することにより、対向位置でそれぞれ長手方向に沿って連続する二つの溶接部を有する高温配管である請求項1又は2に記載の高温中空部材の補強方法。   The high-temperature hollow member is a high-temperature pipe having one welded portion continuous in the longitudinal direction, or a pair of halved pipe members, by rounding one plate into a tube and welding the edges together. The reinforcement of the high-temperature hollow member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the high-temperature hollow member has two welded portions continuous in the longitudinal direction at opposite positions by welding the edges in the longitudinal direction in accordance with the tubular shape. Method. 前記高温中空部材を被覆するようにセラミック繊維材を全面的に巻き付ける請求項1〜3の何れか1項に記載の高温中空部材の補強方法。   The method for reinforcing a high-temperature hollow member according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ceramic fiber material is entirely wound so as to cover the high-temperature hollow member. 前記高温中空部材の一部が露出するようにセラミック繊維材を巻き付ける請求項1〜3の何れか1項に記載の高温中空部材の補強方法。   The method for reinforcing a high-temperature hollow member according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ceramic fiber material is wound so that a part of the high-temperature hollow member is exposed. 前記セラミック繊維材として、炭素系、炭化物系、酸化物系、窒化物系の何れか1種類又は2種類以上のセラミック繊維を用いる請求項1〜5の何れか1項に記載の高温中空部材の補強方法。   The high-temperature hollow member according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein any one of carbon-based, carbide-based, oxide-based, and nitride-based ceramic fibers or two or more ceramic fibers is used as the ceramic fiber material. Reinforcement method. 前記セラミック繊維材は、セラミック繊維を束にしたものである請求項6に記載の高温中空部材の補強方法。   The method for reinforcing a high-temperature hollow member according to claim 6, wherein the ceramic fiber material is a bundle of ceramic fibers. 前記セラミック繊維材は、セラミック繊維を製織してテープ状にしたものである請求項6に記載の高温中空部材の補強方法。   The method for reinforcing a high-temperature hollow member according to claim 6, wherein the ceramic fiber material is formed by weaving ceramic fibers into a tape shape. 前記セラミック繊維材を構成するセラミック繊維同士の間隙に、高分子や展延性の金属を配置する請求項6〜8の何れか1項に記載の高温中空部材の補強方法。   The method for reinforcing a high-temperature hollow member according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein a polymer or a malleable metal is disposed in a gap between ceramic fibers constituting the ceramic fiber material.
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