JP2007064034A - Gas turbine power generating system - Google Patents

Gas turbine power generating system Download PDF

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JP2007064034A
JP2007064034A JP2005248569A JP2005248569A JP2007064034A JP 2007064034 A JP2007064034 A JP 2007064034A JP 2005248569 A JP2005248569 A JP 2005248569A JP 2005248569 A JP2005248569 A JP 2005248569A JP 2007064034 A JP2007064034 A JP 2007064034A
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oil fuel
gas turbine
turbine power
water
fuel
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JP4591282B2 (en
Inventor
Shinichi Inage
真一 稲毛
Koji Nishida
浩二 西田
Nobuyuki Hokari
信幸 穂刈
Osamu Yokota
修 横田
Akinori Hayashi
明典 林
Hirokazu Takahashi
宏和 高橋
Shinsuke Kokubo
慎介 小久保
Toshibumi Sasao
俊文 笹尾
Isao Takehara
勲 竹原
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Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gas turbine power generating system of oil burning capable of evaporating oil fuel while suppressing generation of coal. <P>SOLUTION: In the gas turbine power generating system, the oil fuel 16 is burnt to drive a turbine 12 with the combustion gas. The gas turbine power generating system comprises: a mixer 8 mixing pressurized oil fuel 16 with pressurized water 17; a heater 9 heating the oil fuel 16 and water 17 mixed together in the mixer 8 to evaporate them; and a combustor 11 premixing the evaporated oil fuel 16 and water 17 with high-pressure and high-temperature air 14 and burning them. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、ガスタービン発電装置に係り、特に油燃料を燃焼させる油焚きのガスタービン発電装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a gas turbine power generator, and more particularly to an oil-fired gas turbine power generator that burns oil fuel.

従来から、油燃料を燃焼器の外部で加熱して蒸発させるガスタービン発電装置や、油燃料と空気を予混合して燃焼させるガスタービン発電装置などが提案されている。   Conventionally, gas turbine power generators that heat and evaporate oil fuel outside a combustor, gas turbine power generators that premix and burn oil fuel and air, and the like have been proposed.

例えば、下記特許文献１には、混合器において、油燃料中に水蒸気を添加することで、水蒸気の温度により油燃料を蒸発させ、その油燃料を燃焼することが記載されている。   For example, Patent Document 1 below describes that in a mixer, by adding water vapor to the oil fuel, the oil fuel is evaporated according to the temperature of the water vapor, and the oil fuel is combusted.

特開平１１−９４２５５号公報（段落番号００１４等）JP-A-11-94255 (paragraph number 0014, etc.)

しかしながら、上記特許文献１の油焚きガスタービン用燃焼器は、水蒸気の熱を利用して油燃料を蒸発させているため、一部の油燃料が蒸気にならず、炭が発生してしまう懸念がある。   However, since the oil-fired gas turbine combustor of Patent Document 1 uses the heat of water vapor to evaporate the oil fuel, there is a concern that some of the oil fuel does not become steam and charcoal is generated. There is.

本発明の目的は、炭の発生を抑制しながら油燃料を蒸発させることのできる油焚きのガスタービン発電装置を提供することにある。   An object of the present invention is to provide an oil-fired gas turbine power generator capable of evaporating oil fuel while suppressing generation of charcoal.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明は、油燃料を燃焼させて燃焼ガスによりタービンを駆動するガスタービン発電装置において、加圧された油燃料及び加圧された水を混合させる混合器と、この混合器で混合された油燃料及び水を加熱して蒸発させる熱交換器と、蒸発した油燃料及び水を空気と予混合して燃焼させる燃焼器を設ける。   In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a gas turbine power generator that burns oil fuel and drives a turbine with combustion gas, and a mixer that mixes pressurized oil fuel and pressurized water; A heat exchanger that heats and evaporates the oil fuel and water mixed in the mixer and a combustor that premixes the evaporated oil fuel and water with air and combusts them are provided.

本発明によれば、炭の発生を抑制しながら油燃料を蒸発させることのできる油焚きのガスタービン発電装置を提供することができる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an oil-fired gas turbine power generator capable of evaporating oil fuel while suppressing generation of charcoal.

以下、本発明の実施例について、図面に基づいて説明する。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

図１は、本発明の第１の実施例を示すガスタービン発電装置を示す図である。本実施例のガスタービン発電装置は、油燃料タンク１から供給された油燃料１６は、加圧ポンプ２により燃焼器１１に供給するのに最適な圧力、好ましくは２Ｍｐａ程度に昇圧される。尚、本実施例では、ガスタービン用の油燃料１６として、軽油が用いられている。また、水タンク５から供給された水１７は、加圧ポンプ６により前記油燃料１６と同じ圧力に加圧される。加圧された油燃料１６は油燃料供給系統３を経て混合器８の容器内へ供給され、加圧された水１７は水供給系統７を経て混合器８の容器内へ供給される。   FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a gas turbine power generator according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In the gas turbine power generation apparatus of the present embodiment, the oil fuel 16 supplied from the oil fuel tank 1 is boosted to an optimum pressure for supplying to the combustor 11 by the pressurizing pump 2, preferably about 2 Mpa. In this embodiment, light oil is used as the oil fuel 16 for the gas turbine. The water 17 supplied from the water tank 5 is pressurized to the same pressure as the oil fuel 16 by the pressurizing pump 6. The pressurized oil fuel 16 is supplied into the container of the mixer 8 through the oil fuel supply system 3, and the pressurized water 17 is supplied into the container of the mixer 8 through the water supply system 7.

また、混合器８にて混合された油燃料１６及び水１７は、熱交換器、具体的には加熱器９へ供給され、油燃料１６及び水１７が蒸発して蒸気となる所定の温度まで加熱され、油燃料１６及び水１７のほぼすべてが蒸発する。ここで、水１７よりも油燃料１６に含まれる成分が蒸発する温度の方が高いので、油燃料１６の蒸発完了点に、加熱温度は依存している。   The oil fuel 16 and the water 17 mixed in the mixer 8 are supplied to a heat exchanger, specifically, a heater 9, and the oil fuel 16 and the water 17 evaporate to a predetermined temperature at which they become vapor. When heated, almost all of the oil fuel 16 and water 17 evaporate. Here, since the temperature at which the components contained in the oil fuel 16 evaporate is higher than that of the water 17, the heating temperature depends on the evaporation completion point of the oil fuel 16.

更に、油燃料１６と水１７の混合蒸気１８は、系統１０を経て燃焼器１１へ供給される。この燃焼器１１内には、圧縮機１３からの高圧高温空気１４と混合蒸気１８と混合する予混合器を有しており、予混合気は燃焼器１１内で予混合燃焼される。そして、燃焼ガスは、タービン１２を駆動した後、排ガス１５として放出される。   Further, the mixed steam 18 of the oil fuel 16 and the water 17 is supplied to the combustor 11 through the system 10. This combustor 11 has a premixer that mixes the high-pressure high-temperature air 14 from the compressor 13 and the mixed steam 18, and the premixed gas is premixed and combusted in the combustor 11. The combustion gas is discharged as exhaust gas 15 after driving the turbine 12.

このように本実施例によれば、油燃料１６の予蒸発過程を燃焼器１１の外に分離することが可能となる。そのため、油燃料１６をガス状で燃焼器１１へ供給でき、均一な予混合気を形成することが容易になるので、油焚きの場合であっても、低ＮＯｘ燃焼が実現できる。また、燃焼器１１へ供給する蒸気の中に水１７の蒸気が含有している点もＮＯｘ低減の要因となり、結果として、ＮＯｘ１０ppm 未満の燃焼が可能になり、脱硝装置も不要となる。更に、本実施例によれば、油燃料１６と水１７を混合してから加熱できるので、油燃料１６が炭になることを抑制し、油燃料１６が蒸気になり易くなる。   Thus, according to the present embodiment, the pre-evaporation process of the oil fuel 16 can be separated out of the combustor 11. Therefore, the oil fuel 16 can be supplied in the form of gas to the combustor 11 and it becomes easy to form a uniform premixed gas. Therefore, even in the case of oil burning, low NOx combustion can be realized. In addition, the steam supplied to the combustor 11 includes the water 17 steam, which causes a reduction in NOx. As a result, combustion with less than 10 ppm NOx is possible, and a denitration device is not required. Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, since the oil fuel 16 and the water 17 can be mixed and then heated, the oil fuel 16 can be prevented from becoming charcoal, and the oil fuel 16 can easily become steam.

図２は、本発明の第２の実施例を示すガスタービン発電装置を示す図である。本実施例のガスタービン発電装置は、タンクから供給される油燃料１６と水１７を混合器８にて混合する点、油燃料１６と水１７の混合蒸気１８を燃焼器１１へ供給して燃焼させ、タービン１２を駆動させる点は、第１の実施例と同様である。そこで、第１の実施例と異なる点、すなわち、気液分離器１９と残油燃焼バーナー２２を設けて、蒸発しなかった油燃料
１６の液分を燃焼させ、油燃料１６及び水１７の加熱に利用する点について、焦点を置いて説明する。 FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a gas turbine power generator according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In the gas turbine power generation device of this embodiment, oil fuel 16 and water 17 supplied from a tank are mixed in a mixer 8, and a mixed steam 18 of oil fuel 16 and water 17 is supplied to a combustor 11 for combustion. The point that the turbine 12 is driven is the same as in the first embodiment. Therefore, the difference from the first embodiment, that is, the gas-liquid separator 19 and the residual oil combustion burner 22 are provided to burn the liquid component of the oil fuel 16 that has not evaporated, and the oil fuel 16 and the water 17 are heated. I will focus on the points used in

本実施例の加熱器９では、油燃料１６の一部が蒸発せずに液体のまま残るように温度を調整する。また、液状のまま残った残油２０は、加熱器９と燃焼器１１の間に設けられた気液分離器１９へ、水１７の蒸気とともに供給される。そして、気液分離器１９を介して分離した液状の残油２０は、残油抜出部２１で抜き出され、残油燃焼バーナー２２へ供給され、この残油燃焼バーナー２２で燃焼される。更に、この残油燃焼バーナー２２で生じた排ガス２４は、加熱器９の熱源として利用される。   In the heater 9 of this embodiment, the temperature is adjusted so that a part of the oil fuel 16 remains as a liquid without evaporating. Residual oil 20 remaining in a liquid state is supplied together with steam of water 17 to a gas-liquid separator 19 provided between the heater 9 and the combustor 11. Then, the liquid residual oil 20 separated through the gas-liquid separator 19 is extracted by the residual oil extraction portion 21, supplied to the residual oil combustion burner 22, and burned by the residual oil combustion burner 22. Further, the exhaust gas 24 generated in the residual oil combustion burner 22 is used as a heat source for the heater 9.

本実施例によれば、加熱器９の温度を調整することにより、油燃料１６を全部蒸発させずに一部を蒸発させることができ、更に、加熱器９に残った残油２０を抜き出して燃焼させ、その排ガスの熱エネルギーを、油燃料１６と水１７の加熱に用いることができる。また、加熱に要した熱量は、混合蒸気１８を通じてガスタービンへの持込熱量として供給されるので、油燃料１６の持つ熱量の損失は十分に抑えられる。尚、本実施例によっても、第１の実施例と同様の効果を達成できる。   According to this embodiment, by adjusting the temperature of the heater 9, part of the oil fuel 16 can be evaporated without evaporating the oil fuel 16, and the residual oil 20 remaining in the heater 9 is extracted. The heat energy of the exhaust gas can be used for heating the oil fuel 16 and the water 17 after burning. Further, since the amount of heat required for heating is supplied as the amount of heat brought into the gas turbine through the mixed steam 18, the loss of the amount of heat of the oil fuel 16 can be sufficiently suppressed. Note that the present embodiment can achieve the same effects as those of the first embodiment.

図３は、本発明の第３の実施例を示すガスタービン発電装置を示す図である。本実施例のガスタービン発電装置についても、第１の実施例と同様の点があるが、ここでは第１の実施例と異なる点に焦点を置いて説明する。   FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a gas turbine power generator according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The gas turbine power generation apparatus of the present embodiment also has the same points as in the first embodiment, but here, a description will be given focusing on differences from the first embodiment.

本実施例では、タービン１２を駆動した後、排出される排ガス１５の一部を、排ガス抽気系統２５を介して加熱器９へ供給し、加熱器９の熱源として利用される。これにより、油燃料１６と水１７を加熱するための熱源を、排ガス１５の一部により賄うことができ、また加熱に要した熱量は、混合蒸気１８を通じてガスタービンへの持込熱量として供給されるので、新たな熱源が不要となり、ガスタービン発電装置の熱効率を向上できる。尚、本実施例においても、第１の実施例と同様の効果が達成できる。   In this embodiment, after driving the turbine 12, a part of the exhaust gas 15 discharged is supplied to the heater 9 via the exhaust gas extraction system 25 and used as a heat source of the heater 9. As a result, a heat source for heating the oil fuel 16 and the water 17 can be provided by a part of the exhaust gas 15, and the amount of heat required for the heating is supplied as heat brought into the gas turbine through the mixed steam 18. Therefore, a new heat source becomes unnecessary and the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine power generator can be improved. In this embodiment, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be achieved.

図４は、本発明の第４の実施例を示すガスタービン発電装置を示す図である。本実施例のガスタービン発電装置についても、第１の実施例と同様の点があるが、ここでは第１の実施例と異なる点に焦点を置いて説明する。   FIG. 4 is a view showing a gas turbine power generator according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The gas turbine power generation apparatus of the present embodiment also has the same points as in the first embodiment, but here, a description will be given focusing on differences from the first embodiment.

本実施例における燃焼器１１では、蒸発した油燃料１６及び水１７を噴出するための燃料ノズル２６が、複数設けられている。また、この燃料ノズル２６の燃料噴出下流側には、板状部材２９が設けられている。この板状部材２９には、燃料ノズル２６の燃料噴出孔面積よりも大きい面積を有する空気孔２８が複数設けられており、この空気孔２８により、燃料と空気の予混合流路が形成されている。更に、この空気孔２８は、燃料ノズル２６と略同軸となるように配置されている。   In the combustor 11 in the present embodiment, a plurality of fuel nozzles 26 for ejecting the evaporated oil fuel 16 and water 17 are provided. A plate-like member 29 is provided on the fuel ejection downstream side of the fuel nozzle 26. The plate-like member 29 is provided with a plurality of air holes 28 having an area larger than the fuel injection hole area of the fuel nozzle 26, and a premixing flow path for fuel and air is formed by the air holes 28. Yes. Further, the air hole 28 is disposed so as to be substantially coaxial with the fuel nozzle 26.

このような燃焼器１１において、蒸発した油燃料１６及び水の混合蒸気１８は、系統
１０を経て燃焼器１１内に設置された複数の燃料ノズル２６へ供給され、圧縮機１３からの高圧高温空気２７は、複数の空気孔２８へ供給される。すると、高圧高温空気２７の噴流が混合蒸気１８の噴流を包み込むような同軸の噴流が、予混合流路内に形成されるため、燃料と空気が数十mm程度の短距離で急速に混合され、ＮＯｘの低減につながる。また、混合までの距離・時間が短くなるので、自発火温度が２００℃〜３００℃と低い油燃料
１６の蒸気が、４００℃程度の高温空気に接しても自発火することはなく、燃焼器１１が破損する危険性を少なくできる。 In such a combustor 11, the vapor mixture 18 of the evaporated oil fuel 16 and water is supplied to a plurality of fuel nozzles 26 installed in the combustor 11 through the system 10, and high-pressure high-temperature air from the compressor 13. 27 is supplied to a plurality of air holes 28. Then, a coaxial jet in which the jet of the high-pressure high-temperature air 27 wraps the jet of the mixed vapor 18 is formed in the premixing flow path, so that the fuel and air are rapidly mixed at a short distance of about several tens of mm. , Leading to reduction of NOx. In addition, since the distance and time until mixing is shortened, even when the vapor of the oil fuel 16 having a low self-ignition temperature of 200 ° C. to 300 ° C. is in contact with high-temperature air of about 400 ° C., it does not self-ignite, The risk of damaging 11 can be reduced.

そして、油燃料１６及び水１７の混合蒸気１８と空気の予混合気が、燃焼器１１の燃焼室内で予混合燃焼されると、そのとき発生する燃焼ガス２３がタービン１２を駆動した後、排ガス１５として放出される。尚、本実施例は、第１の実施例と組み合わせた例で示したが、第３の実施例と組み合わせて、排ガス１５を加熱器９の熱源として利用しても良い。勿論、本実施例を第２の実施例と組み合わせても構わない。   When the premixed mixture of air 18 and the mixed steam 18 of the oil fuel 16 and water 17 is premixed in the combustion chamber of the combustor 11, the combustion gas 23 generated at that time drives the turbine 12, and then the exhaust gas. 15 is released. In addition, although the present Example was shown in the example combined with the 1st Example, you may utilize the waste gas 15 as a heat source of the heater 9 combining with a 3rd Example. Of course, this embodiment may be combined with the second embodiment.

更に、上述の実施例以外にも、第２の実施例において、残油燃焼バーナー２２で生じた排ガス２４だけでなく、タービン１２を駆動した後に排出される排ガス１５の一部を、加熱器９の熱源として利用したものであっても良い。   Further, in addition to the above-described embodiment, in the second embodiment, not only the exhaust gas 24 generated in the residual oil combustion burner 22 but also a part of the exhaust gas 15 discharged after driving the turbine 12 is supplied to the heater 9. It may be used as a heat source.

本発明の第１の実施例を示すガスタービン発電装置を示す図である。1 is a diagram showing a gas turbine power generator according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の第２の実施例を示すガスタービン発電装置を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the gas turbine power generator which shows the 2nd Example of this invention. 本発明の第３の実施例を示すガスタービン発電装置を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the gas turbine power generator which shows the 3rd Example of this invention. 本発明の第４の実施例を示すガスタービン発電装置を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the gas turbine power generator which shows the 4th Example of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１…油燃料タンク、２…加圧ポンプ、３…油燃料供給系統、４…高温ガス、５…水タンク、６…水加圧ポンプ、７…水供給系統、８…混合器、９…加熱器、１０…系統、１１…燃焼器、１２…タービン、１３…圧縮機、１４，２７…高圧高温空気、１５，２４…排ガス、１６…油燃料、１７…水、１８…混合蒸気、１９…気液分離器、２０…残油、２１…残油抜出部、２２…残油燃焼バーナー、２３…燃焼ガス、２５…排ガス抽気系統、２６…燃料ノズル、２８…空気孔、２９…板状部材。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Oil fuel tank, 2 ... Pressure pump, 3 ... Oil fuel supply system, 4 ... High temperature gas, 5 ... Water tank, 6 ... Water pressurization pump, 7 ... Water supply system, 8 ... Mixer, 9 ... Heating , 10 ... system, 11 ... combustor, 12 ... turbine, 13 ... compressor, 14, 27 ... high-pressure hot air, 15, 24 ... exhaust gas, 16 ... oil fuel, 17 ... water, 18 ... mixed steam, 19 ... Gas-liquid separator, 20 ... residual oil, 21 ... residual oil extraction part, 22 ... residual oil combustion burner, 23 ... combustion gas, 25 ... exhaust gas extraction system, 26 ... fuel nozzle, 28 ... air hole, 29 ... plate shape Element.

Claims (7)

油燃料を燃焼させて燃焼ガスによりタービンを駆動するガスタービン発電装置において、加圧された油燃料及び加圧された水を混合させる混合器と、この混合器で混合された油燃料及び水を加熱して蒸発させる熱交換器と、蒸発した油燃料及び水を空気と予混合して燃焼させる燃焼器を備えたことを特徴とするガスタービン発電装置。   In a gas turbine power generator that burns oil fuel and drives a turbine with combustion gas, a mixer that mixes pressurized oil fuel and pressurized water, and an oil fuel and water mixed in the mixer A gas turbine power generator comprising: a heat exchanger that heats and evaporates; and a combustor that premixes evaporated oil fuel and water with air to burn. 油燃料を燃焼させて燃焼ガスによりタービンを駆動するガスタービン発電装置において、加圧された油燃料及び加圧された水を混合させる混合器と、この混合器で混合された油燃料及び水を蒸発させる熱交換器と、蒸発した油燃料及び水を空気と予混合して燃焼させる燃焼器を有し、前記熱交換器で蒸発しなかった油燃料を燃焼させた排ガスを前記熱交換器の熱源としたことを特徴とするガスタービン発電装置。   In a gas turbine power generator that burns oil fuel and drives a turbine with combustion gas, a mixer that mixes pressurized oil fuel and pressurized water, and an oil fuel and water mixed in the mixer A heat exchanger that evaporates, and a combustor that premixes the evaporated oil fuel and water with air and combusts, and exhaust gas that burns the oil fuel that has not evaporated in the heat exchanger is supplied to the heat exchanger. A gas turbine power generator characterized by being a heat source. 請求項２において、前記熱交換器と前記燃焼器の間に気液分離器が設けられ、この気液分離器を介して前記熱交換器で蒸発しなかった油燃料を分離することを特徴とするガスタービン発電装置。   A gas-liquid separator is provided between the heat exchanger and the combustor, and oil fuel that has not evaporated in the heat exchanger is separated through the gas-liquid separator. Gas turbine power generator. 請求項３において、前記油燃料の一部が蒸発せずに液体のまま残るように熱交換器の温度を調整することを特徴とするガスタービン発電装置。   4. The gas turbine power generator according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the heat exchanger is adjusted so that a part of the oil fuel remains in a liquid state without evaporating. 油燃料を燃焼させて燃焼ガスによりタービンを駆動するガスタービン発電装置において、加圧された油燃料及び加圧された水を混合させる混合器と、この混合器で混合された油燃料及び水を加熱して蒸発させる熱交換器と、蒸発した油燃料及び水の噴流を圧縮機からの空気の噴流が包み込むような同軸の噴流を形成する燃焼器を備えたことを特徴とするガスタービン発電装置。   In a gas turbine power generator that burns oil fuel and drives a turbine with combustion gas, a mixer that mixes pressurized oil fuel and pressurized water, and an oil fuel and water mixed in the mixer A gas turbine power generator comprising: a heat exchanger that heats and evaporates; and a combustor that forms a coaxial jet such that a jet of air from a compressor wraps a jet of evaporated oil fuel and water . 請求項５おいて、前記燃焼器は、前記蒸発した油燃料及び水を噴出する複数の燃料ノズルと、この燃料ノズルの燃料噴出下流側に設けられた板状部材を有し、この板状部材には、前記燃料ノズルと略同軸であって、前記燃料ノズルの噴出孔面積よりも大きい面積の空気孔が、複数設けられていることを特徴とするガスタービン発電装置。   6. The combustor according to claim 5, wherein the combustor includes a plurality of fuel nozzles for ejecting the evaporated oil fuel and water, and a plate-like member provided on the fuel ejection downstream side of the fuel nozzle. The gas turbine power generator is provided with a plurality of air holes that are substantially coaxial with the fuel nozzle and have a larger area than the ejection hole area of the fuel nozzle. 請求項１，２，５のいずれかにおいて、前記タービンからの排ガスを前記熱交換器の熱源としたことを特徴とするガスタービン発電装置。
6. The gas turbine power generator according to claim 1, wherein exhaust gas from the turbine is used as a heat source of the heat exchanger.
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JP2010133682A (en) * 2008-12-08 2010-06-17 Niigata Power Systems Co Ltd Combustion treatment device for liquid voc (volatile organic compound)

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