JP2007059966A - Antenna and array antenna - Google Patents

Antenna and array antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2007059966A
JP2007059966A JP2005239430A JP2005239430A JP2007059966A JP 2007059966 A JP2007059966 A JP 2007059966A JP 2005239430 A JP2005239430 A JP 2005239430A JP 2005239430 A JP2005239430 A JP 2005239430A JP 2007059966 A JP2007059966 A JP 2007059966A
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antenna
radiating element
center line
virtual center
radiating
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JP4070784B2 (en
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Hiroki Yagi
宏樹 八木
Takeshi Shimura
剛 志村
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NTT Docomo Inc
Nihon Dengyo Kosaku Co Ltd
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NTT Docomo Inc
Nihon Dengyo Kosaku Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a 90° beam antenna which can be easily assembled by eliminating a process of soldering the antenna on a ground electrode, and to provide an array antenna. <P>SOLUTION: The beam antenna has an excitation element to be arranged on a reflection surface of a reflection plate, and a first and second radiation elements which are to be arranged on the excitation element. The first and second radiation elements are arranged so as to be line-symmetrical on a virtual center line without contacting a conductive portion. In the first and second radiation elements, an end portion in a far side from the virtual center line is bent toward the reflection plate side. The antenna satisfies 0.01λo≤T≤0.06λo, 0.15λo≤L≤0.30λo and 0.02λo≤H≤0.15λo, where λo is a wavelength of a used center frequency of the antenna, T is a distance between end portions of the first and second radiation elements opposite to each other with the virtual center line sandwiched, L is a length of each of the first and second radiation elements in a direction perpendicular to the virtual center line, and H is a distance between the first and second radiation elements and the excitation element. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、アンテナおよびアレイアンテナに係り、特に、９０°ビームアンテナに関する。   The present invention relates to an antenna and an array antenna, and more particularly to a 90 ° beam antenna.

図７は、従来の片端短絡型マイクロストリップアンテナの概略構成を示す模式図である。
同図において、２は誘電体基板であり、この誘電体基板２上にマイクロストリップアンテナ素子３が形成される。このマイクロストリップアンテナ素子３は、励振素子を構成する。
また、このマイクロストリップアンテナ素子３上に、矩形形状の第１の放射素子４１、および第２の放射素子４２とが形成される。
第１の放射素子４１と第２の放射素子４２とは、一辺が互いに対向するとともに、当該一辺から遠い側の他端には接地電位が印加される。
即ち、図７に示すアンテナは、水平偏波で、９０°ビームアンテナ（あるいは、９０°の水平面指向特性を有するアンテナ）を構成する際に、その素子に、片端短絡形のパッチアンテナ素子を２個向かい合わせに配置するものである。 FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a conventional one-end short-circuited microstrip antenna.
In the figure, reference numeral 2 denotes a dielectric substrate, and a microstrip antenna element 3 is formed on the dielectric substrate 2. The microstrip antenna element 3 constitutes an excitation element.
In addition, a rectangular first radiating element 4 1 and second radiating element 4 2 are formed on the microstrip antenna element 3.
First radiating element 4 1 and the second radiating element 4 2, with one side facing each other, the far side from the other end the one side ground potential is applied.
That is, when the antenna shown in FIG. 7 is a horizontally polarized wave and forms a 90 ° beam antenna (or an antenna having 90 ° horizontal plane directivity), two short-circuited patch antenna elements are used as the elements. They are arranged face to face.

しかしながら、前述の図７に示すアンテナでは、第１の放射素子４１と第２の放射素子４２との他端に接地電位を印加するために、第１の放射素子４１と第２の放射素子４２との他端を、誘電体基板２の裏面（マイクロストリップアンテナ素子３が形成される面と反対側の面）に形成される接地電極に半田付けする必要がある。
そのため、前述の図７に示すアンテナでは、組立てが複雑になるだけでなく、特性のばらつきも増加するという問題点があった。
本発明は、前記従来技術の問題点を解決するためになされたものであり、本発明の目的は、接地電極に半田付けする工程をなくし、組立てを容易にした９０°ビームアンテナおよびアレイアンテナを提供することにある。 However, in the antenna shown in FIG. 7 described above, in order to apply the first radiating element 4 1 and a second other end to the ground potential of the radiating element 4 2, the first radiating element 4 1 and second the other end of the radiating element 4 2, there needs to be soldered to a ground electrode formed on the back surface of the dielectric substrate 2 (a surface opposite to the surface where the microstrip antenna element 3 is formed).
For this reason, the antenna shown in FIG. 7 has a problem that not only the assembly is complicated, but also the variation in characteristics increases.
The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a 90 ° beam antenna and an array antenna that can be easily assembled by eliminating the step of soldering to a ground electrode. It is to provide.

本願において開示される発明のうち、代表的なものの概要を簡単に説明すれば、下記の通りである。
前述の課題を解決するために、本発明のアンテナは、反射板と、前記反射板の反射面上に配置される励振素子と、前記反射板の反射面上で、前記励振素子上に配置される第１の放射素子と第２の放射素子とを有し、前記第１の放射素子と第２の放射素子は、導電性の箇所と接触することなく、仮想中心線に対して線対称に配置されることを特徴とする。
また、本発明では、前記第１の放射素子と第２の放射素子は、前記仮想中心線から遠い側の端部が、前記反射板側に向かって折り曲げられている。
また、本発明では、アンテナの使用中心周波数の波長をλｏ、前記第１の放射素子と第２の放射素子の前記仮想中心線を挟んで対向する端部の間隔をＴ、前記第１の放射素子と第２の放射素子の前記仮想中心線と直交する方向の長さをＬ、前記第１の放射素子および第２の放射素子と前記励振素子との間隔をＨとするとき、０．０１λｏ≦Ｔ≦０．０６λｏ、０．１５λｏ≦Ｌ≦０．３０λｏ、０．０２λｏ≦Ｈ≦０．１５λｏを満足する。
また、本発明では、前記励振素子は、環状スロットアンテナ素子、あるいは、マイクロストリップアンテナ素子である。
また、本発明は、前述のアンテナをアレイ状に配置したアレイアンテナである。 Of the inventions disclosed in this application, the outline of typical ones will be briefly described as follows.
In order to solve the above-described problems, an antenna according to the present invention is disposed on the excitation element on the reflection surface of the reflection plate, the reflection surface of the reflection plate, and the reflection surface of the reflection plate. A first radiating element and a second radiating element, wherein the first radiating element and the second radiating element are axisymmetric with respect to a virtual center line without contacting the conductive portion. It is characterized by being arranged.
In the present invention, the first radiating element and the second radiating element are bent at an end portion far from the virtual center line toward the reflector.
In the present invention, the wavelength of the center frequency of use of the antenna is λo, the interval between the ends of the first radiating element and the second radiating element facing each other across the virtual center line is T, and the first radiating element. When the length of the element and the second radiating element in the direction perpendicular to the virtual center line is L, and the distance between the first radiating element and the second radiating element and the excitation element is H, 0.01λo ≦ T ≦ 0.06λo, 0.15λo ≦ L ≦ 0.30λo, 0.02λo ≦ H ≦ 0.15λo are satisfied.
In the present invention, the excitation element is an annular slot antenna element or a microstrip antenna element.
Further, the present invention is an array antenna in which the antennas described above are arranged in an array.

本発明では、励振素子（環状スロットアンテナ素子、あるいは、マイクロストリップアンテナ素子）により、第１の放射素子と第２の放射素子とを励振することで、仮想中心線を挟んで対向する端部と、第１の放射素子および第２の放射素子の両端部に電界が発生し、これらの電界が波源となり水平偏波の電波が放射される。
ここで、第１の放射素子および第２の放射素子と、反射板とを組み合わせることにより、水平偏波で、９０°のビームアンテナを構成することができる。
さらに、複数の励振素子（環状スロットアンテナ素子、あるいは、マイクロストリップアンテナ素子）と、それらに給電するための分配回路を１枚の誘電体基板上に形成することで、簡単な構造でアレイアンテナを構成することができる。 In the present invention, the first radiating element and the second radiating element are excited by the exciting element (annular slot antenna element or microstrip antenna element), and the end portions facing each other across the virtual center line Electric fields are generated at both ends of the first radiating element and the second radiating element, and these electric fields serve as wave sources to radiate horizontally polarized radio waves.
Here, by combining the first radiating element, the second radiating element, and the reflecting plate, a 90 ° beam antenna can be configured with horizontally polarized waves.
Furthermore, by forming a plurality of excitation elements (annular slot antenna elements or microstrip antenna elements) and a distribution circuit for supplying power to them on a single dielectric substrate, an array antenna can be formed with a simple structure. Can be configured.

本願において開示される発明のうち代表的なものによって得られる効果を簡単に説明すれば、下記の通りである。
本発明によれば、接地電極に半田付けする工程をなくし、組立てを容易にした９０°ビームアンテナおよびアレイアンテナを提供することが可能となる。 The effects obtained by the representative ones of the inventions disclosed in the present application will be briefly described as follows.
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a 90 ° beam antenna and an array antenna that can be easily assembled by eliminating the step of soldering to the ground electrode.

以下、図面を参照して本発明の実施例を詳細に説明する。
なお、実施例を説明するための全図において、同一機能を有するものは同一符号を付け、その繰り返しの説明は省略する。
［実施例１］
図１は、本発明の実施例１のアンテナを示す模式斜視図である。
同図において、１１，１２は反射板、２は誘電体基板であり、この誘電体基板２は、反射板１２の反射面上に所定の間隔をおいて配置される。そして、この誘電体基板２上に環状スロットアンテナ素子５が形成される。この環状スロットアンテナ素子５は、励振素子を構成する。
また、反射板１２の反射面上で、環状スロットアンテナ素子５上に、矩形形状の第１の放射素子６１、および第２の放射素子６２とが形成される。
本実施例では、第１の放射素子６１と第２の放射素子６２とは、一般の無給電素子と同様、他の導電性の箇所と接触することなく配置される。
ここで、第１の放射素子６１および第２の放射素子６２は、例えば、誘電体基板２と、第１の放射素子６１および第２の放射素子６２との間に適宜充填される固体誘電体か、あるいは、適当な材質からなるスペーサを介して、環状スロットアンテナ素子５上に所定の間隔（図２のＨ）をおいて配置される。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
In all the drawings for explaining the embodiments, parts having the same functions are given the same reference numerals, and repeated explanation thereof is omitted.
[Example 1]
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing an antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 1, 1 2 reflector 2 is a dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate 2 is disposed at a predetermined interval in the reflecting plate 1 second reflecting surface. An annular slot antenna element 5 is formed on the dielectric substrate 2. The annular slot antenna element 5 constitutes an excitation element.
Further, on the reflection surface of the reflector 1 2, on the annular slot antenna element 5, a first radiating element 61 of rectangular shape, and the second and radiating element 6 2 are formed.
In this embodiment, the first radiating element 61 and the second radiating element 6 2, similar to a general parasitic elements are arranged without contacting the portion of the other conductive.
Here, the first radiating element 61 and second radiation element 6 2, for example, a dielectric substrate 2, is filled properly between the first radiating element 61 and second radiation element 6 2 It is arranged on the annular slot antenna element 5 at a predetermined interval (H in FIG. 2) via a spacer made of a solid dielectric or an appropriate material.

図２は、図１に示す第１の放射素子６１と第２の放射素子６２を説明するための図である。
同図に示すように、第１の放射素子６１と第２の放射素子６２とは、仮想中心線１０に対して線対称に配置される。また、第１の放射素子６１と第２の放射素子６２は、仮想中心線１０から遠い側の端部が、反射板側に向かって折り曲げらる。
本実施例において、アンテナの使用中心周波数の波長をλｏ、第１の放射素子６１と第２の放射素子６２の仮想中心線１０を挟んで対向する端部の間隔をＴとするとき、Ｔの値は、０．０１λｏ≦Ｔ≦０．０６λｏとされる。
ちなみに、図７に示すアンテナでは、第１の放射素子４１と第２の放射素子４２の仮想中心線１０を挟んで対向する端部の間隔は、ほぼ、０．１３λｏとされる。
このように、本実施例では、第１の放射素子６１と第２の放射素子６２の仮想中心線１０を挟んで対向する端部の間隔（Ｔ）が、図７に示すアンテナよりも小さな値とされる。
また、第１の放射素子６１と第２の放射素子６２の仮想中心線１０と直交する方向の長さをＬ１（図２のＬａ＋Ｌｃ）、第１の放射素子６１と第２の放射素子６２の仮想中心線１０に沿った方向の長さをＬ２（図２のＬｂ）、第１の放射素子６１および第２の放射素子６２と環状スロットアンテナ素子５との間隔をＨとするとき、Ｌ１、Ｌ２、Ｈは、下記（１）式を満足する値とされる。
０．１５λｏ≦Ｌ１≦０．３０λｏ
０．１０λｏ≦Ｌ２≦０．３０λｏ
０．０２λｏ≦Ｈ≦０．１５λｏ ・・・・・・・・・・・・・ （１） Figure 2 is a diagram for explaining a first radiating element 61 and the second radiation element 6 2 shown in FIG.
As shown in the figure, the first radiating element 61 and the second radiating element 6 2 are disposed symmetric with respect to the imaginary center line 10. The first radiating element 61 second radiation element 6 2, the end farther from the imaginary center line 10, towards the reflector side Orimageraru.
In the present embodiment, when λo the wavelength of the used central frequency of the antenna, the distance between the ends facing each other across the first radiating element 61 and the virtual center line 10 of the second radiation element 6 2 is T, The value of T is set to 0.01λo ≦ T ≦ 0.06λo.
Incidentally, in the antenna shown in FIG. 7, the distance between the ends facing each other across the first radiating element 4 1 and the second radiating element 4 2 imaginary center line 10 of approximately, are 0.13Ramudao.
Thus, in this embodiment, the interval of ends facing each other across the first radiating element 61 and the second imaginary center line 10 of the radiating element 6 2 (T) is, than the antenna shown in FIG. 7 Small value.
Further, the length in the direction orthogonal to the first radiating element 61 and the second imaginary center line 10 of the radiating element 6 2 L1 (La + Lc in FIG. 2), the first radiating element 61 and second radiation element 6 of a second direction along the imaginary center line 10 of the length L2 (Lb in FIG. 2), the distance between the first radiating element 61 and second radiation element 6 2 and the annular slot antenna element 5 H , L1, L2, and H are values that satisfy the following expression (1).
0.15λo ≦ L1 ≦ 0.30λo
0.10λo ≦ L2 ≦ 0.30λo
0.02λo ≦ H ≦ 0.15λo (1)

前述したように、本実施例では、第１の放射素子６１と第２の放射素子６２の仮想中心線１０を挟んで対向する端部の間隔（Ｔ）が、図７に示すアンテナよりも小さな値とされる。
これにより、本実施例では、励振素子（誘電体基板２上に形成される環状スロットアンテナ素子５）により、第１の放射素子６１と第２の放射素子６２とを励振することで、仮想中心線を挟んで対向する端部と、第１の放射素子６１と第２の放射素子６２の両端部に電界が発生し、これらの電界が波源となり水平偏波の電波が放射される。
そして、第１の放射素子６１および第２の放射素子６２と、反射板（１１，１２）とを組み合わせることにより、水平偏波で、９０°のビームアンテナを構成することができる。
図３は、本実施例のアンテナの水平面内（図１のＸ−Ｚ面）指向特性の一例を示すグラフである。
図３に示すように、本実施例のアンテナでは、ビーム幅が９０°となっていることが分かる。なお、ビーム幅とは、相対利得が−３ｄＢ以下となる範囲の角度である。
図４は、本実施例のアンテナのＶＳＷＲ特性の一例を示すグラフである。
同図において、横軸は周波数であり、中心周波数は２．０ＧＨｚで、目盛間隔は、０．０６ＧＨｚである。 As described above, in the present embodiment, the distance between the ends facing each other across the first radiating element 61 and the second imaginary center line 10 of the radiating element 6 2 (T) is the antenna shown in FIG. 7 Is also a small value.
Thus, in this embodiment, the excitation element (annular slot antenna element 5 is formed on the dielectric substrate 2), by exciting the first radiating element 61 and the second radiating element 6 2, an end portion opposite to each other with respect to the imaginary center line, the first radiating element 61 an electric field is generated in the second end portions of the radiating element 6 2, electric wave of the horizontal polarization of these electric fields become wave source is radiated The
Then, the first radiating element 61 and second radiation element 6 2, by combining a reflection plate (1 1, 1 2), with horizontal polarization, it is possible to configure the beam antenna 90 ° .
FIG. 3 is a graph showing an example of directivity characteristics in the horizontal plane (XZ plane in FIG. 1) of the antenna of the present embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 3, it can be seen that the beam width of the antenna of this example is 90 °. The beam width is an angle in a range where the relative gain is −3 dB or less.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing an example of the VSWR characteristics of the antenna of this embodiment.
In the figure, the horizontal axis is frequency, the center frequency is 2.0 GHz, and the scale interval is 0.06 GHz.

［実施例２］
図５は、本発明の実施例２のアンテナを示す模式斜視図である。
本実施例は、平板状の第１の放射素子６１と第２の放射素子６２とを使用した点で、前述の実施例１のアンテナと相違する。
即ち、本実施例では、第１の放射素子６１と第２の放射素子６２とにおける、仮想中心線１０から遠い側の端部が、前述の実施例１のように、反射板側に向かって折り曲げられることなく、平板状に形成される。
本実施例では、水平面内におけるビーム幅が、前述の実施例１よりも狭くなる。 [Example 2]
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view showing an antenna according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
This embodiment, in that using a second plate-shaped first radiating element 61 and the second radiation element 6 2, differs from the antenna of the above-described first embodiment.
That is, in this embodiment, the first radiating element 61 and the second radiation element 6 2 which, end farther from the imaginary center line 10, as in Example 1 described above, the reflection plate side It is formed in a flat plate shape without being bent toward it.
In the present embodiment, the beam width in the horizontal plane is narrower than in the first embodiment.

［実施例３］
図６は、本発明の実施例３のアレイアンテナを示す模式斜視図である。
同図に示すように、本実施例のアレイアンテナは、前述の実施例１のアンテナを、図１のＹ方向に４個配置し、アレイアンテナを構成したものである。
本実施例では、複数の励振素子（環状スロットアンテナ素子）と、それらに給電するための分配回路を、誘電体基板２上に形成することができるので、簡単な構造でアレイアンテナを構成することができる。
なお、前述までの説明では、励振素子として、誘電体基板２上に形成される環状スロットアンテナ素子５を使用する場合について説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではなく、励振素子として、図７に示すマイクロストリップアンテナ素子３を使用することも可能である。
また、第１の放射素子４１および第２の放射素子４２も、矩形形状に限定されるものではなく、楕円形状などであってもよい。
以上、本発明者によってなされた発明を、前記実施例に基づき具体的に説明したが、本発明は、前記実施例に限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々変更可能であることは勿論である。 [Example 3]
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view showing the array antenna according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in the figure, the array antenna of the present embodiment is configured by arranging four antennas of the above-described first embodiment in the Y direction of FIG. 1 to form an array antenna.
In this embodiment, since a plurality of excitation elements (annular slot antenna elements) and a distribution circuit for supplying power to them can be formed on the dielectric substrate 2, an array antenna can be configured with a simple structure. Can do.
In the above description, the case where the annular slot antenna element 5 formed on the dielectric substrate 2 is used as the excitation element has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the excitation element It is also possible to use the microstrip antenna element 3 shown in FIG.
The first radiating element 4 1 and the second radiating element 4 2 is also not limited to the rectangular shape but may be a elliptical shape.
As mentioned above, the invention made by the present inventor has been specifically described based on the above embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Of course.

本発明の実施例１のアンテナを示す模式斜視図である。It is a model perspective view which shows the antenna of Example 1 of this invention. 図１に示す第１の放射素子と第２の放射素子を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the 1st radiating element and the 2nd radiating element which are shown in FIG. 本発明の実施例１のアンテナの水平面内（図１のＸ−Ｚ面）指向特性の一例を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows an example in the horizontal surface (XZ surface of FIG. 1) directivity of the antenna of Example 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施例１のアンテナのＶＳＷＲ特性の一例を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows an example of the VSWR characteristic of the antenna of Example 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施例２のアンテナを示す模式斜視図である。It is a model perspective view which shows the antenna of Example 2 of this invention. 本発明の実施例３のアレイアンテナを示す模式斜視図である。It is a model perspective view which shows the array antenna of Example 3 of this invention. 本発明の前に、本発明者によって考案されたアンテナの概略構成を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows schematic structure of the antenna devised by this inventor before this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１，１１，１２ 反射板
２ 誘電体基板
３ マイクロストリップアンテナ素子
４１，４２，６１，６２ 放射素子
５ 環状スロットアンテナ素子
１０ 仮想中心線


1, 1 1 , 1 2 Reflecting plate 2 Dielectric substrate 3 Microstrip antenna element 4 1 , 4 2 , 6 1 , 6 2 Radiating element 5 Annular slot antenna element 10 Virtual center line


Claims (5)

反射板と、
前記反射板の反射面上に配置される励振素子と、
前記反射板の反射面上で、前記励振素子上に配置される第１の放射素子と第２の放射素子とを有し、
前記第１の放射素子と第２の放射素子は、導電性の箇所と接触することなく、仮想中心線に対して線対称に配置されることを特徴とするアンテナ。 A reflector,
An excitation element disposed on a reflective surface of the reflector;
A first radiating element and a second radiating element disposed on the excitation element on a reflecting surface of the reflector;
The antenna, wherein the first radiating element and the second radiating element are arranged in line symmetry with respect to a virtual center line without contacting a conductive portion. 前記第１の放射素子と第２の放射素子は、前記仮想中心線から遠い側の端部が、前記反射板側に向かって折り曲げられていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載のアンテナ。   2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first radiating element and the second radiating element have end portions on the side far from the virtual center line bent toward the reflector side. アンテナの使用中心周波数の波長をλｏ、前記第１の放射素子と第２の放射素子の前記仮想中心線を挟んで対向する端部の間隔をＴ、前記第１の放射素子と第２の放射素子の前記仮想中心線と直交する方向の長さをＬ、前記第１の放射素子および第２の放射素子と前記励振素子との間隔をＨとするとき、
０．０１λｏ≦Ｔ≦０．０６λｏ
０．１５λｏ≦Ｌ≦０．３０λｏ
０．０２λｏ≦Ｈ≦０．１５λｏ
を満足することを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載のアンテナ。 The wavelength of the use center frequency of the antenna is λo, the interval between the ends of the first radiating element and the second radiating element facing each other across the virtual center line is T, and the first radiating element and the second radiating element. When the length of the element in the direction orthogonal to the virtual center line is L, and the distance between the first radiating element and the second radiating element and the excitation element is H,
0.01λo ≦ T ≦ 0.06λo
0.15λo ≦ L ≦ 0.30λo
0.02λo ≦ H ≦ 0.15λo
The antenna according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: 前記励振素子は、環状スロットアンテナ素子、あるいは、マイクロストリップアンテナ素子であることを特徴とする請求項１ないし請求項３のいずれか１項に記載のアンテナ。   The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the excitation element is an annular slot antenna element or a microstrip antenna element. 前記請求項１ないし請求項４のいずれか１項に記載のアンテナをアレイ状に配置したことを特徴とするアレイアンテナ。
An array antenna comprising the antennas according to any one of claims 1 to 4 arranged in an array.
JP2005239430A 2005-08-22 2005-08-22 Antenna and array antenna Expired - Fee Related JP4070784B2 (en)

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