JP2007052158A - Electro-optical device and electronic apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electro-optical device and an electronic apparatus in which the potential change of a pixel electrode caused by common inversion driving can be prevented and color irregularity can be reduced. <P>SOLUTION: The device is equipped with data lines, scanning lines, switching elements, pixel electrodes, counter electrodes, electro-optical substance, a scanning line driving circuit, a common voltage driving means to drive common inversion of a voltage on the counter electrode in every period as predetermined times of a single horizontal period or more, a data line driving circuit to multiplex at least one set of R, G, B pixel signals from a signal source which supplies R, G, B image signals so as to convert into at least one set of serial signals, and a demultiplexing section to demultiplex the serial signals from the data line driving circuit to distribute into R, G, B data lines and to supply the pixel electrodes. When the polarity of the common inversion driving is inverted, changes in the voltage applied on the pixel electrode are calculated, thereby compensating the potential change of the pixel electrode caused for every common inversion driving. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention applies multi-multiplex driving to R, G, B signals, and prevents variation in voltage applied to the pixel electrode when multi-multiplex driving and common inversion driving are performed, thereby reducing color unevenness. The present invention relates to the electro-optical device and the electronic apparatus.

  In general, an electro-optical device, for example, a liquid crystal device, forms a display unit composed of a plurality of pixels at the intersection of a plurality of scanning lines (hereinafter referred to as gate lines) and a plurality of data lines (hereinafter referred to as source lines). Use to display the video signal. A liquid crystal device includes a plurality of liquid crystal cells whose light transmission amount is controlled based on the data signal of each pixel and a thin film transistor (TFT: an abbreviation of Thin Film Transistor) for switching a data signal supplied from a source line to the liquid crystal cell. And a driving circuit portion having a scanning line driving circuit (hereinafter referred to as a gate driver) and a data line driving circuit (hereinafter referred to as a source driver) for driving the gate line and the source line, respectively.

  In a multi-multiplex drive liquid crystal device, in order to reduce the number of pixel signal lines supplied from the source driver to the liquid crystal display section, the drive circuit section includes a multiplexer section. For example, R, G, B three signals are multiplexed. Plex (MPX: time division multiplexed) and converted into a set of serial signals (in this case, means a serial signal in which three signals of R, G, B are time-division multiplexed) and output, and this serial signal is displayed on a liquid crystal display Is demultiplexed (DMPX: Series-Parallel Conversion) by a demultiplexer unit provided in the vicinity of the unit, and is decomposed into R, G, B signals and distributed to R, G, B source lines in the row direction. Data is written to the pixel electrodes arranged side by side. As a result, the number of signal lines (for example, three) wired from the source driver to the liquid crystal display unit can be reduced to one, and the number of signal lines to the liquid crystal display unit can be greatly reduced. This is particularly useful for reducing the number of input terminals in high-definition display such as an HDTV in which the number of input terminals of the liquid crystal display unit is enormous (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  On the other hand, in the liquid crystal device, in order to prevent the deterioration of the liquid crystal, the polarity of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal is reversed at a constant period. For example, frame inversion driving for switching the polarity of the liquid crystal application voltage to the pixel electrode for each frame, H line inversion driving for inverting the polarity of the liquid crystal application voltage to the pixel electrode for each horizontal line or a plurality of horizontal lines, pixel unit Thus, HV inversion driving or the like for switching the polarity of the liquid crystal applied voltage to the pixel electrode is known. Note that the H line inversion driving and the HV inversion driving have an advantage that the occurrence of flicker based on the polarity asymmetry is not conspicuous. However, in order to drive the liquid crystal, a constant voltage on the positive electrode side is required, and in order to perform the polarity inversion driving with the counter electrode voltage as a fixed potential, a constant voltage is also required on the negative electrode side. The output of the driving circuit is required to have a dynamic range and accuracy of a voltage twice as large as the constant voltage, and the power consumption increases.

Therefore, in addition to the H line inversion drive, the polarity of the counter electrode voltage is also inverted at least for each horizontal line (referred to as H / common inversion drive), thereby reducing the dynamic range of the drive circuit output and reducing power consumption. And the amplitude of the source line voltage can be reduced. In the following description, common inversion driving refers to the above-described H / common inversion driving in addition to the common driving in which the polarity of the counter electrode voltage is inverted instead of the polarity of the liquid crystal applied voltage applied to the pixel electrode. The driving method included is also included.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-138851

  By the way, in the multi-multiplex drive liquid crystal device as in Patent Document 1, when common inversion drive is performed, the demultiplexer unit is first turned on immediately after the polarity inversion of the common electrode voltage (common inversion drive) is performed. With respect to the multiplex switch, the potential of the source line supplied from the demultiplex switch to the pixel electrode is changed due to the fluctuation of the potential accumulated in the source line due to the polarity inversion. There were problems that fluctuated and caused uneven color. That is, when a serial signal having a set of R, G, and B is converted into a parallel signal by the demultiplexer unit, the signal of the demultiplex switch that is selected first among the R, G, and B signals is the R signal. If there is, when the first R signal is output from the demultiplex switch, the voltage of the R signal to the R pixel electrode supplied first due to the potential fluctuation of the source line due to the common inversion drive is changed from the ideal potential. Since the amount of drop is the largest compared to the amount of change in potential of the source line of other G and B signals, there should be a balance of relative signal levels among the R, G and B signals. There was a defect that the signal levels were out of balance, unbalanced, and displayed as uneven color.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an electro-optical device and an electronic apparatus that can prevent variation in potential of a pixel electrode caused by common inversion driving and reduce color unevenness. To do.

  The electro-optical device according to the present invention includes a scanning line, a data line, a pixel electrode provided corresponding to an intersection of the scanning line and the data line, a counter electrode disposed to face the pixel electrode, and the data An electro-optical device including a switching element that is turned on or off based on a voltage applied to the scan line between the line and the pixel electrode, and sequentially selects the scan line A scanning line driving circuit for supplying a voltage to be driven, common voltage driving means for driving the common inversion by inverting the polarity of the voltage of the counter electrode in a predetermined number of horizontal periods of one horizontal period or more, and a signal source for supplying a video signal A data line driving circuit for time-dividing and converting at least one set of pixel signals from the signal into at least one set of serial signals and outputting the serial signals from the data line driving circuit in parallel When the voltage polarity of the counter electrode is inverted by the demultiplexer unit supplied to the data line and the common voltage driving means, the change in the voltage applied to the pixel electrode before and after the polarity inversion And a potential fluctuation compensating means for compensating for a potential fluctuation of the pixel electrode that occurs every time the polarity inversion of the common inversion driving is performed based on the calculation result.

  According to such a configuration of the present invention, in an electro-optical device that performs multi-multiplex driving and common inversion driving, a positive polarity pixel signal and a negative polarity pixel signal before and after the polarity inversion (reverse polarity to each other). Pixel signals) are compared, a compensation voltage is obtained based on the amount of change in the voltage applied to the pixel electrode, potential fluctuations of the pixel electrode caused by common inversion driving are prevented, and unevenness in color is reduced. be able to.

  In the present invention, the potential fluctuation compensating means includes a storage means for storing one frame of the pixel signal from the signal source, a set of at least one set of pixel signals supplied from the signal source, and the same position as the pixel signal. And calculating means for calculating an error of the pixel signal level before and after one frame by comparing at least one set of pixel signals before one frame stored in the storage means. Based on the calculation result of the calculation means, a compensation voltage is generated for each set of at least one set of pixel signals per frame, and the first signal in the set of at least one set of pixel signals supplied from the signal source The common voltage driving means compensates for potential fluctuation of the pixel electrode that occurs when the common inversion driving is performed every predetermined number of horizontal periods equal to or greater than the one horizontal period.

  According to such a configuration, in an electro-optical device that performs multi-multiplex driving and common inversion driving, the first signal (for example, R signal) of the demultiplex switch selected first of each demultiplexer of the demultiplexer unit Is compensated for an error based on the amount of change in the source line potential (voltage applied to the R signal pixel electrode), and the effective voltage is prevented from lowering when writing to the pixel electrode by turning on the demultiplex switch. It becomes possible to eliminate uneven color.

  In the present invention, when the pixel signal from the signal source is a still image signal, the potential fluctuation compensation unit uses the compensation voltage for an image signal in frame units supplied from the signal source thereafter. It is characterized in that the potential fluctuation of the pixel electrode of the first signal of all the sets in at least one set of pixel signals is continuously compensated.

  According to such a configuration, when the video signal is a still image signal, calculation is first performed between pixel signals at the same position in the previous and subsequent frames, and a compensation voltage generated based on the calculation is obtained at least in each subsequent frame. It can be used to compensate for potential fluctuations of the pixel electrodes of the first signal of all the sets of pixel signals (for example, R, G, B pixel signals).

  In the present invention, the potential fluctuation compensating means includes a storage means for storing a pixel signal from the signal source for a predetermined number of horizontal periods equal to or greater than the one horizontal period, and a predetermined period equal to or greater than one horizontal period stored in the storage means. A set of at least one set of pixel signals before several horizontal periods and at least one set of pixels in the same period as the predetermined number of horizontal periods of at least one horizontal period supplied from the signal source following the pixel signals Calculating means for comparing the first set of pixel signals of the signal and calculating a change amount of the voltage applied to the pixel electrode, and based on the calculation result of the calculating means, The common voltage driving means generates a compensation voltage for each set of at least one set of pixel signals for a predetermined number of horizontal periods, and for the first signal for each set of at least one set of pixel signals supplied from the signal source, in front Characterized in that to compensate for the potential variation of the pixel electrodes that occurs when the common inversion driving in each horizontal period of a predetermined number or more horizontal periods.

  According to such a configuration, in an electro-optical device that performs multi-multiplex driving and common inversion driving, the first signal (for example, R signal) of the demultiplex switch selected first of each demultiplexer of the demultiplexer unit Is compensated for an error based on the amount of change in the source line potential (voltage applied to the R signal pixel electrode), and the effective voltage is prevented from lowering when writing to the pixel electrode by turning on the demultiplex switch. It becomes possible to eliminate uneven color.

An electronic apparatus according to the present invention includes the electro-optical device described above.
According to such a configuration, it is possible to realize an electronic apparatus including an electro-optic device that can prevent potential fluctuation of the pixel electrode caused by common inversion driving and reduce color unevenness.

Embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an electro-optical device according to the present invention.

  In FIG. 1, the electro-optical device includes a plurality of data lines (hereinafter referred to as source lines) 1, a plurality of scanning lines (hereinafter referred to as gate lines) 2 arranged substantially orthogonal to the source lines 1, and the plurality of data lines. A plurality of switching elements 3 provided corresponding to a plurality of intersections of the source line 1 and the plurality of gate lines 2, a plurality of pixel electrodes 4 provided corresponding to the plurality of switching elements 3, A counter electrode 5 disposed opposite to the pixel electrode 4, an electro-optical material 21 interposed between the pixel electrode 4 and the counter electrode 5, and a scanning line driving circuit (hereinafter referred to as a gate driver) for sequentially driving the plurality of gate lines 2. 6 and a common voltage supply source 24 which is a common voltage driving means for inverting (common inversion driving) the voltages of the plurality of counter electrodes 5 every horizontal period (abbreviated as 1H), for example, Supply video signal A data line driving circuit (hereinafter referred to as source) that multiplexes (time-division multiplexing) at least one set of R, G, and B pixel signals from the video signal source 11 and converts them into at least one set of RGB serial signals and outputs them. Driver) 7 and the serial signal from the source driver 7 are demultiplexed (serial-parallel conversion) and distributed to at least one set of the R, G, B source lines 1, and data is written to the plurality of pixel electrodes 4. And a demultiplexer unit 9 disposed close to the display unit 8.

  The plurality of switching elements 3 are provided for each pixel, and TFTs (field effect thin film transistors) are used as the switching elements 3. The TFT as the switching element 3 has a source connected to one of the source lines 1, a gate connected to one of the gate lines 2, and a drain connected to the pixel electrode 4. When a high level signal is applied to the gate of the TFT from the gate line 2, the source and drain are rendered conductive and the pixel signal from the source line 1 is applied to the pixel electrode 4. The pixel electrode 4 is disposed to face the counter electrode 5 with the electro-optical material 21 interposed therebetween, and the optical characteristics such as light transmittance of the electro-optical material 21 change according to the potential difference between the pixel electrode 4 and the counter electrode 5. Thus, it becomes possible to display with light and shade (gradation) corresponding to the pixel signal voltage. The repeated display of H (high level) and L (low level) shown on the left side of the display unit 8 indicates that, for example, common inversion driving is performed in which the polarity of the counter electrode voltage is inverted every horizontal period. . Note that the common inversion driving may be performed every predetermined number of horizontal periods equal to or more than one horizontal period (that is, a natural number multiple of the horizontal period).

The demultiplexer unit 9 may be formed integrally with the display unit 8 as a built-in circuit of the display unit 8.
The video signal source 11 generates R, G, and B video signals and supplies them to the driver unit 10. The signal form supplied from the video signal source 11 to the driver unit 10 includes R, G, and B signals. Even if the three signals are supplied to the driver unit 10 simultaneously in parallel via the three signal lines, the three signals R, G and B are sequentially serially transmitted via the single signal line. May be supplied to the driver unit 10.

  The gate driver 6 and the source driver 7 constitute a driver unit 10 for multi-multiplex driving generated by the source driver 7 based on the R, G, B signals supplied from the video signal source 11 (for example, FIG. In the second embodiment, at least one set of RGB serial signals of 3 multiplex drive (6 multiplex drive in the embodiment of FIG. 7) is supplied to the demultiplexer unit 9 via one or more signal lines 12. The number of signal lines 12 from the source driver 7 to the demultiplexer unit 9 of the display unit can be reduced by the number of multiple multiplexes (multi-time division multiplexing) than the number of pixels in the row direction of the display unit 8. . However, as the number of multiplexes increases, the time for writing pixel signals in one horizontal period becomes shorter.

  In the demultiplexer unit 9, at least one set of RGB serial signals is demultiplexed to be decomposed into R, G, B individual signals, and as parallel signals OS 1 to OSm that are sequentially supplied in time for each set, Output to the plurality of source lines 1 of the display unit 8. In addition to several serial signals from the source driver 7, demultiplexing switches (for example, 91, 92,... In FIG. 2, 91, 92,. A selection signal for turning on is supplied to the demultiplexer unit 9 via the selection signal line 13.

  On the other hand, the scanning line drive signals g1 to gn from the gate driver 6 are temporally transmitted to the plurality of gate lines 2 of the display unit 8 via a plurality of signal lines (not shown) for each of the plurality of gate lines 2. When a plurality of switching elements 3 sequentially supplied to each gate line 2 and connected to the gate line to which the scanning line drive signal is supplied are turned on, only that gate line is activated. . When R, G, B video signals are input from the plurality of source lines 1 to the sources of the plurality of switching elements 3 in the ON state, R, G from the source of the switching element 3 to the drain (that is, the pixel electrode 4). , B video signals are written.

  The source driver 7 includes a frame memory 101 as storage means for storing R, G, B pixel signals from the video signal source 11 for one frame, and at least one set of R, G currently supplied from the video signal source 11. , B pixel signals, and at least one set of R, G, B pixel signals of the previous frame stored in the frame memory 101 and having the same position on the frame as this And a calculation unit 102 as a calculation means for calculating an error of the pixel signal level before and after one frame, and at least one set of R, G, B per frame based on the calculation result of the calculation unit 102 The common voltage supply source is generated for the first signal of each set of R, G, B pixel signals supplied from the video signal source 11 by generating a compensation voltage for each set of pixel signals. Compensation for compensating for fluctuations in the voltage applied to the pixel electrode 4 (potential fluctuations) each time the polarity inversion (common inversion driving) occurs in a predetermined number of horizontal periods equal to or more than one horizontal period (that is, a natural number multiple of the horizontal period) 24 A source output unit 103 including means. The source output unit 103 also has a multiplex (time division multiplexing) function for converting at least one set of R, G, and B pixel signals from the video signal source 11 into serial signals for each set and outputting them. Yes.

  On the other hand, as another form of the source driver 7, the source driver 7 is a memory as a storage means for storing R, G, B pixel signals from the video signal source 11 for a predetermined number of horizontal periods of one horizontal period or more. (Corresponding to 101), a set of at least one set of R, G, B pixel signals before a predetermined number of horizontal periods equal to or more than one horizontal period stored in the memory, and a video signal following the pixel signals The common inversion is performed by comparing at least one set of R, G, and B pixel signals in the same period as a predetermined number of horizontal periods of R, G, and B supplied from the source 11 in the same period or more. A calculation unit (corresponding to 102) as calculation means for calculating a change amount of the signal voltage applied to the pixel electrode 4 every predetermined number of horizontal periods equal to or more than the one horizontal period in driving, and a calculation result of the calculation unit Based on the above 1 water A compensation voltage is generated for each set of at least one set of R, G, B pixel signals for a predetermined number of horizontal periods equal to or longer than the period, and at least one set of R, G, B pixels supplied from the video signal source 11 Source output including compensation means for compensating for potential fluctuation of the pixel electrode that occurs when the common voltage driving means performs common inversion driving every predetermined number of horizontal periods equal to or more than one horizontal period for the first signal for each set of signals. (Corresponding to 103). In this case as well, the source output unit converts at least one set of R, G, B pixel signals from a video signal source (corresponding to 11) into serial signals for each set and outputs the multiplexed signals (time division). Of course, it also has a (multiple) function.

  In the configuration of FIG. 1, the demultiplexer unit 9 is configured separately from the driver unit 10, but the demultiplexer unit 9 may be included in the driver unit 10.

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the electro-optical device according to the first embodiment of the invention.
In the electro-optical device according to the present embodiment, a liquid crystal device that uses liquid crystal as an electro-optical material and performs three-multiplex driving and common inversion driving will be described. Parts having the same functions as those in FIG. 2 are the same as the gate driver 6 and the video signal source 11 in FIG. 1, and are therefore given the same reference numerals as those in FIG.

In FIG. 2, the liquid crystal device includes a plurality of source lines 1, a plurality of gate lines 2 arranged substantially orthogonal to the source lines 1, and a plurality of intersections of the plurality of source lines 1 and the plurality of gate lines 2. A plurality of switching elements 3 provided corresponding to the plurality of pixel elements 4, a plurality of pixel electrodes 4 provided corresponding to the plurality of switching elements 3, a counter electrode 5 disposed to face the plurality of pixel electrodes 4, A liquid crystal layer 21a as an electro-optical material interposed between the pixel electrode 4 and the counter electrode 5, a gate driver 6 that sequentially drives the plurality of gate lines 2, and a predetermined number of voltages of the plurality of counter electrodes 5 equal to or greater than one horizontal period. A pair of R, G, and B supplied from a common voltage supply source 24 that is a common voltage driving means for reversing polarity (common inversion driving) every horizontal period, and a video signal source 11 that generates R, G, B video signals. G and B signals A source driver 7A that multiplexes (time-division multiplexing), converts it into a set of RGB serial signals and outputs them, and sets a plurality of sets (S1, S2,...) Of a set of RGB serial signals from the source driver 7A. And demultiplexing (serial-parallel conversion) every time, distributing to each of a plurality of R, G, B source lines 1 for each R, G, B, and writing data to the corresponding plurality of pixel electrodes 4 And a demultiplexer unit 9A disposed in the vicinity of the liquid crystal display unit 8A.
In the liquid crystal display unit 8A, the number of horizontal and vertical pixels is 240 and 320, respectively.

  The plurality of switching elements 3 are provided for each pixel. As the switching element 3, a TFT (field effect type thin film transistor) is used.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the TFT which is the switching element 3 has a source connected to one of the source lines 1, a gate connected to one of the gate lines 2, and a drain connected to the pixel electrode 4. . The pixel electrode 4 is disposed to face the counter electrode 5, and a liquid crystal layer 21 a as an electro-optical material is interposed between the electrodes 4 and 5. The drain of the switching element 3 is connected to a common capacitor line 23 for each horizontal line via a storage capacitor 22. In the case of the present application, the common potential of the counter electrode 5 is inverted and driven every predetermined number of horizontal periods of one horizontal period or more by the common voltage supply source 24 as the common voltage driving means.

The demultiplexer unit 9 may be formed integrally with the liquid crystal display unit 8A as a built-in circuit of the liquid crystal display unit 8A.
The gate driver 6 and the source driver 7A constitute a driver unit.
The video signal source 11 generates R, G, and B video signals and supplies them to the driver unit. As a signal form to be supplied to the driver unit, three signals of R, G, and B are three. Even when the signals are output in parallel via the signal line and supplied to the driver unit, the three signals R, G, and B are serially output via one signal line and supplied to the driver unit. If you have.

  One or more RGB serial signals for at least one set of 3 multiplex driving generated by the source driver 7A based on the R, G, B signals supplied from the video signal source 11 (in practice, the liquid crystal display unit 8A) When the number of horizontal pixels is 240, it is supplied to the demultiplexer section 9A via the signal line 12 of 1/3 of the number of horizontal pixels.

  The demultiplexer unit 9A can input a plurality of sets of RGB serial signals (RGB time division multiplexed signals) (S1, S2,...) In one horizontal period and generate pixel signals for one horizontal line at the same time in each set. (OS 1 to OS 3, OS 4 to OS 6,... In FIG. 4), a selector for selecting three signals for assigning a set of RGB serial signals (S 1, S 2,. 91, 92,..., A plurality of pixels necessary to generate pixel signals for one horizontal period in the horizontal direction (row direction) of one screen of the liquid crystal display unit 8A (for example, horizontal pixels of the liquid crystal display unit 8A) If the number is 240, 80 of 1/3 of the number).

  In addition to several sets of serial signals (S1, S2,...) From the source driver 7A, three demultiplex switches (for example, reference numeral 91) constituting a selector for selecting three signals (for example, reference numeral 91) of the demultiplexer unit 9A ( For example, selection signals SEL1, SEL2, and SEL3 for sequentially turning on the symbols 91a, 91b, and 91c) are supplied to the demultiplexer unit 9A via the three selection signal lines 13. The selection signals SEL1, SEL2, and SEL3 are sequentially turned on in the same manner as the selector 91 described above for the three demultiplex switches 92a, 92b, and 92c constituting the selector 92 for selecting the three signals of the demultiplexer unit 9A. Can do.

FIG. 4 shows a timing chart for explaining the operation of the demultiplexer unit 9A in FIG. Hsync is a horizontal synchronization signal, 1H is one horizontal period, SEL1 to SEL3 are selection signals used in the demultiplexer unit 9A, and OS1 to OSm are R, G, and B pixel signals distributed to a plurality of source lines 1. Yes.
The demultiplexer unit 9A functions as a line selector that allocates a plurality of sets of RGB serial signals S1, S2,... From the source driver 7A to the plurality of source lines 1.

  In the demultiplexer unit 9A, a plurality of sets of RGB serial signals (S1, S2,...) Are demultiplexed using the selection signals SEL1, SEL2, and SEL3 for each set, thereby decomposing the signals into R, G, and B signals. The parallel signals (OS1 to OS3), (OS4 to OS6),... (OSm-2 to OSm), which are sequentially decomposed at the same timing for each group, are input to the plurality of source lines 1 of the liquid crystal display unit 8A. Output to terminals D1 to Dm.

  The selection signals SEL1, SEL2, and SEL3 are respectively supplied from the source driver 7A as high-level signals in a period obtained by dividing one horizontal period into three. Since these selection signals SEL1 to SEL3 are supplied to all of the selectors 91, 92,... For selecting the three signals at the same timing, the parallel signals (OS1 to OS3) and (OS4 to OS6) for each group are provided. ,... (OSm−2 to OSm) are simultaneously supplied to a plurality (m) of source lines 1 of the liquid crystal display unit 8A at substantially the same timing as the selection signals SEL1 to SEL3 in one horizontal period.

  On the other hand, the plurality of gate lines 2 of the liquid crystal display unit 8A are supplied with scanning line drive signals g1 to gn from the gate driver 6 to the input terminals G1 to Gn of the plurality of gate lines 2 of the liquid crystal display unit 8A, respectively. A plurality of switching elements 3 by TFTs which are supplied to each gate line 2 sequentially in each horizontal period via the line and connected to the gate line 2 to which the scanning line driving signal is supplied are turned on, whereby the gate Only the line is in an active state for one horizontal period, and R, G, B video signals are input from the plurality of source lines 1 to the sources of the plurality of switching elements 3 in the ON state, and the drain of the switching element 3 (that is, the pixel) R, G, B video signals are written to the electrode 4).

The source driver 7A has the same configuration as that described in FIG.
The source driver 7A is currently supplied from a frame memory (corresponding to 101 in FIG. 1) as storage means for storing at least one frame of R, G, B signals from the video signal source 11, and from the video signal source 11. A set of R, G, and B pixel signals, and a set of R, G, and B pixel signals that are the same pixel position as those in the frame and stored in the frame memory one frame before And a calculation unit (corresponding to 102 in FIG. 1) as calculation means for calculating an error of the pixel signal level before and after one frame, and based on the calculation result of the calculation unit 102, one frame A compensation voltage is generated for each set of at least one set of R, G, B pixel signals, and the first signal for each set of R, G, B pixel signals supplied from the video signal source 11 is described above. Common voltage supply source 1 is a source output unit including compensation means that compensates for fluctuations in the applied voltage of the pixel electrode 4 (potential fluctuations) that occur every time when 4 undergoes polarity inversion (common inversion driving) in a predetermined number of horizontal periods And. The source output unit also has a 3 multiplex function for converting a set of R, G, and B pixel signals from the video signal source 11 into a serial signal for each set and outputting the serial signal.

  On the other hand, as another form of the source driver 7A, the source driver 7A is a memory as a storage means for storing R, G, B signals from the video signal source 11 for a predetermined number of horizontal periods of one horizontal period or more (see FIG. 1) and a set of R, G, B pixel signals before a predetermined number of horizontal periods equal to or greater than one horizontal period stored in the memory, and the video signals following the pixel signals The R, G, B supplied from the source 11 is compared with the first pixel signal of a set of R, G, B pixel signals in the same period as a predetermined number of horizontal periods that are equal to or more than one horizontal period. A calculation unit (corresponding to 102 in FIG. 1) as calculation means for calculating a change amount of a voltage first applied to the pixel electrode every predetermined number of horizontal periods equal to or more than the one horizontal period of the common inversion drive; Based on the calculation result of this calculation unit, A compensation voltage is generated for at least one set of R, G, B pixel signals for a predetermined number of horizontal periods equal to or longer than the period, and the first of the R, G, B pixel signals supplied from the video signal source 11 is generated. A source output unit (comprising 103 in FIG. 1) includes compensation means for compensating for potential fluctuations of the pixel electrode that occur when the common voltage driving means performs common inversion driving for each signal for a predetermined number of horizontal periods equal to or greater than one horizontal period. Equivalent). In this case, the source output unit also has a 3 multiplex function for converting a set of R, G, and B pixel signals from the video signal source 11 into serial signals for each set and outputting them. Of course.

  In the configuration of FIG. 2, the demultiplexer unit 9 is configured separately from the driver unit including the gate driver and the source driver 7A, but the demultiplexer unit 9A is included in the driver unit. May be.

The demultiplexer unit 9A includes first, second,... Three-signal selection selectors 91, 92,... As first, second,.
For example, the three-signal selection selector 91 includes three TFT switches 91a, 91b, and 91c, and the signal line 12 to which the serial signal S1 is input is connected to the commonly connected source of the TFT switches 91a, 91b, and 91c. The drains of the switches 91a, 91b, and 91c are connected to the input terminals D1, D2, and D3 of the three source lines, respectively, and the gates of the TFT switches 91a, 91b, and 91c are connected to the selection signals SEL1, SEL2, and SEL3, respectively. The three selection signal lines 13 to be supplied are connected. Using the selection signals SEL1, SEL2, and SEL3, the RGB serial signal S1 from the source driver 7A is time-sequentially distributed as R, G, and B parallel signals OS1, OS2, and OS3, and the first three source lines (shown in the figure). To the left).

  Similarly, the three-signal selection selector 92 includes three TFT switches 92a, 92b, and 92c, and the signal line 12 to which the serial signal S2 is input is connected to the commonly connected sources of the TFT switches 92a, 92b, and 92c. The drains of the TFT switches 92a, 92b, 92c are connected to the input terminals D4, D5, D6 of the three source lines, respectively, and the gates of the TFT switches 92a, 92b, 92c are the selection signals SEL1, SEL2, SEL3. Are connected to three selection signal lines 13 respectively supplied. Using the selection signals SEL1, SEL2, and SEL3, the RGB serial signal S2 from the source driver 7A is time-sequentially distributed as R, G, and B parallel signals OS4, OS5, and OS6 and supplied to the next three source lines. To do.

Similarly, in the last three-signal selection selector, the last RGB serial signal in one horizontal period from the source driver 7A using the selection signals SEL1, SEL2, and SEL3 is temporally sequentially converted to R, G, and B. The signals are distributed as parallel signals OSm-2, OSm-1, and OSm and supplied to the last three source lines (not shown).
As described above, since the selection signals SEL1 to SEL3 are supplied to the selectors 91, 92,... For selecting the three signals at the same timing, the parallel signals (OS1 to OS3) and (OS4) for each group are provided. ... (OSm-2) to (OSm-2 to OSm) are simultaneously supplied to a plurality (m) of source lines 1 of the liquid crystal display unit 8A at substantially the same timing as the selection signals SEL1, SEL2, and SEL3 in one horizontal period. Thus, the pixel column on the gate line in the active state is displayed.

  On the other hand, in the liquid crystal device having the above configuration, as a driving method, an H / common inversion driving method is used in which the voltage of the counter electrode 5 is inverted every predetermined number of horizontal periods of one horizontal period or more. That is, the liquid crystal application voltage is inverted every predetermined number (natural number) of one or more horizontal lines, and the polarity is inverted at the frame period. Also, the polarity of the counter electrode voltage is inverted every predetermined number of horizontal lines of 1 or more.

  FIG. 5 shows a decrease ΔV in effective voltage generated in the pixel electrode 4 in accordance with the common inversion driving of the counter electrode 5 in FIG. V represents a lowered source line potential (pixel electrode voltage), and Vid represents a source line potential close to an ideal value. The error voltage ΔV corresponding to the reduced effective voltage in the pixel electrode 4 is a change in the potential of the source line 1 connected to the TFT switch 91a that is first turned on in the first demultiplexer (91) of the demultiplexer section 9A. This is based on the amount (in other words, the amount of change in the voltage OS1 of the R signal applied to the pixel electrode 4 through the source line 1) ΔVG.

  FIG. 6 shows a change amount ΔVG of the R signal potential of the source line 1 connected to the TFT switch 91a that is first turned on in the first demultiplexer (91) of the demultiplexer section 9A in the common inversion drive. A change in the source line potential of the pixel electrode (PIXE) is shown together with the common potential of the counter electrode (COM).

The relationship between ΔV and ΔVG is expressed by the following equation. That is,
ΔV = ΔVG × CGD / (CGD + CLC + CSC) + α (1)
= K ・ ΔVG + α
Here, K = CGD / (CGD + CLC + CSC), and α is an error component. A change amount ΔVG in the potential of the source line 1 represents a change in potential accumulated in the source line (that is, the pixel electrode PIXE) due to the polarity inversion of the counter electrode (COM) 5.

Therefore, if the decrease ΔV of the effective voltage is obtained by the calculation of equation (1) and the lowered source line potential (pixel electrode voltage) V is compensated using the obtained ΔV, the source line potential Vid close to the ideal value is obtained. be able to. The relationship between Vid and V and ΔV is expressed by the following equation. That is,
Vid = V ± ΔV (2)
Here, V is a source line potential before compensation, and Vid is a source line potential after compensation. ±± and − in formula (2) are used for the polarity opposite to that of the counter electrode (COM). That is, if the counter electrode (COM) is + polarity, the expression is −, and if the counter electrode (COM) is −polarity, the expression is +.

  Note that the error voltage ΔV corresponding to the decrease in effective voltage at the pixel electrode 4 can be similarly applied to the second demultiplexer (92) of the demultiplexer unit 9A. That is, the error voltage ΔV is the amount of change in potential of the source line 1 connected to the TFT switch 92a that is turned on first in the second demultiplexer 92 of the demultiplexer unit 9A (in other words, the pixel through the source line 1). The amount of change in the voltage OS4 of the R signal applied to the electrode 4) ΔVG, and the relationship between ΔV and ΔVG is the same as in the equation (1). In addition, the relationship between the source line potential V before compensation and the source line potential Vid after compensation is the same as that in Expression (2).

  As described above, according to the first embodiment of the present invention, in the electro-optical device that performs multi-multiplex driving and common inversion driving, the de-multiplex switch selected at the beginning of each demultiplexer of the demultiplexer unit With respect to the above, it is possible to compensate for a decrease in effective voltage when writing a pixel to the pixel electrode when the switch is turned on, thereby eliminating color unevenness.

[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the configuration of the electro-optical device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. As in the first embodiment of FIG. 2, a liquid crystal device using liquid crystal as an electro-optical material will be described. As in the case of FIG. 2, the gate driver 6 for driving the gate lines and the video signal source 11 are the same as those in FIG.

  The liquid crystal device shown in the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the first embodiment is a device with 3 multiplex drive, whereas the second embodiment has 6 multiplex. This is a driving device. Performing H / common inversion driving is the same as in the first embodiment.

  In FIG. 7, the liquid crystal display portion 8A is structurally similar to that shown in FIG. Since it is necessary to increase the number of pixels since it is 6 multiplex driving, the number of pixels is increased as compared with the case of 3 multiplex driving in FIG. In the liquid crystal display unit 8A, a plurality of source lines 1, a plurality of gate lines 2, a pixel electrode 4, a counter electrode 5, a liquid crystal layer 21a, a storage capacitor 22, a capacitor line 23, and a common voltage supply source 24 are disposed. .

  In the vicinity of the liquid crystal display unit 8A, a demultiplexer unit 9B integrally connected to the liquid crystal display unit 8A is disposed. The demultiplexer unit 9B includes a selector 91A for selecting 6 signals as a first demultiplexer, a selector 92A for selecting 6 signals as a second demultiplexer, and so on.

FIG. 8 shows a timing chart for explaining the operation of the demultiplexer unit 9 in FIG. Hsync is a horizontal synchronization signal, 1H is one horizontal period, SEL1 'to SEL6' are selection signals used in the demultiplexer unit 9B, and OS1 'to OSm' are R, G, and B pixels distributed to a plurality of source lines 1. Represents a signal.
The demultiplexer unit 9B includes first, second,... 6-signal selection selectors 91A, 92A,... As first, second,.

  In the demultiplexer unit 9B, a plurality of sets of RGBRGB serial (signals in which six signals of R, G, B, R, G, and B are time-division multiplexed) supplied from the source driver 7B are signals S1 ′, S2 ′,. .. Are demultiplexed using selection signals SEL1 ', SEL2', SEL3 ', SEL4', SEL5 ', and SEL6' for each group to obtain six signals of R, G, B, R, G, and B, respectively. The parallel signals (OS1 ′ to OS6 ′), (OS7 ′ to OS12 ′),. To the input terminals D1 to Dm of the plurality of source lines 1.

  The selection signals SEL1 ', SEL2', SEL3 ', SEL4', SEL5 ', and SEL6' are output from the source driver 7B as high-level signals in each of six divided periods. These selection signals SEL1 ', SEL2', SEL3 ', SEL4', SEL5 ', SEL6' are supplied to all of the six-signal selection selectors 91A, 92A,.

  The demultiplexer unit 9B functions as a line selector that allocates a plurality of sets of RGBRGB serial signals S1 ', S2', ... from the source driver 7B to the plurality of source lines 1.

  For example, the six-signal selection selector 91A includes six TFT switches 91a, 91b, 91c, 91d, 91e, and 91f, and the signal line 12 to which the serial signal S1 ′ is input is the TFT switches 91a, 91b, 91c, 91d, and 91e. , 91f are connected to the commonly connected sources, and the drains of the TFT switches 91a, 91b, 91c, 91d, 91e, 91f are connected to the input terminals D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 of the six source lines. Each of the TFT switches 91a, 91b, 91c, 91d, 91e, and 91f is connected to each other, and six selections to which selection signals SEL1 ′, SEL2 ′, SEL3 ′, SEL4 ′, SEL5 ′, and SEL6 ′ are supplied, respectively. It is connected to the signal line 13. Using the selection signals SEL1 ′, SEL2 ′, SEL3 ′, SEL4 ′, SEL5 ′, and SEL6 ′, the RGBRGB serial signal S1 ′ from the source driver 7B is sequentially converted to R, G, B, R, G, and B. The signals are distributed as parallel signals OS1 ′, OS2 ′, OS3 ′, OS4 ′, OS5 ′, OS6 ′, input to the input terminals D1 to D6 of the liquid crystal display unit 8A, and supplied to the first six source lines (the left side in the figure). To do.

  Similarly, the six-signal selector 92A includes six TFT switches 92a, 92b, 92c, 92d, 92e, and 92f, and the signal line 12 to which the serial signal S2 ′ is input is the TFT switches 92a, 92b, 92c, and 92d. , 92e, 92f are connected to a commonly connected source, and the drains of the TFT switches 92a, 92b, 92c, 92d, 92e, 92f are input terminals D7, D8, D9, D10, D11 of six source lines. Three gates respectively connected to D12 and supplied with selection signals SEL1 ′, SEL2 ′, SEL3 ′, SEL4 ′, SEL5 ′, and SEL6 ′ are respectively connected to the TFT switches 92a, 92b, 92c, 92d, 92e, and 92f. Are connected to the selection signal line 13. Using the selection signals SEL1 ′, SEL2 ′, SEL3 ′, SEL4 ′, SEL5 ′, and SEL6 ′, the RGBRGB serial signal S2 ′ from the source driver 7B is sequentially converted into R, G, B, R, G, and B. The signals are distributed as parallel signals OS7 ′, OS8 ′, OS9 ′, OS10 ′, OS11 ′, OS12 ′, input to the input terminals D7 to D12 of the liquid crystal display unit 8A, and supplied to the next six source lines.

  In the same manner, in the last 6-signal selection selector, the last RGBRGB serial signal in one horizontal period from the source driver 7B using the selection signals SEL1, SEL2, SEL3, SEL41, SEL5, and SEL6 R, G, B, R, G, B parallel signals OSm-5 ′, OSm-4 ′, OSm-3 ′, OSm-2 ′, OSm-1 ′, OSm ′ are distributed and input to the liquid crystal display unit 8A Input to terminals Dm-5 ′ to Dm ′ and supply them to the last six source lines (not shown).

  As described above, since the selection signals SEL1 ′ to SEL6 ′ are supplied to all of the selectors 91A, 92A,... For 6 signal selection at the same timing, the parallel signals (OS1 ′ to OS6 ′) for each set are selected. ), (OS7 ′ to OS12 ′),... (OSm−5 ′ to OSm ′) are substantially the same timing as the selection signals SEL1 ′, SEL2 ′, SEL3 ′, SEL4 ′, SEL5 ′, and SEL6 ′ in one horizontal period. The pixel columns on the active gate lines are displayed by being simultaneously supplied to a plurality (m) of source lines 1 of the liquid crystal display portion 8A.

  On the other hand, in the liquid crystal device having the above-described configuration, the driving method is H / common inversion driving in which the voltage of the counter electrode 5 is inverted every predetermined number of horizontal periods equal to or more than one horizontal period, as in the first embodiment of FIG. Is the law. In other words, the liquid crystal applied voltage is inverted every predetermined number of horizontal lines of 1 or more, and the polarity is inverted every frame period. Also, the polarity of the counter electrode voltage is inverted every predetermined number of horizontal lines of 1 or more. When such common inversion drive is performed, a problem of a decrease in effective voltage generated in the pixel electrode 4 occurs with the common inversion drive of the counter electrode 5 as in the case of the liquid crystal device of FIG. The error voltage ΔV with a reduced effective voltage at the first to sixth pixel electrodes 4 on the gate line is the source line 1 connected to the TFT switch 91a that is first turned on in the first demultiplexer (91A) of the demultiplexer section 9B. Is based on a change amount ΔVG (in other words, a change amount of the R signal voltage OS1 applied to the pixel electrode 4 through the source line 1). Similarly, the error voltage ΔV having a reduced effective voltage in the seventh to twelfth pixel electrodes 4 on the gate line is connected to the TFT switch 92a that is first turned on in the second demultiplexer (92A) of the demultiplexer unit 9B. This is based on the change amount of the potential of the source line 1 (in other words, the change amount of the R signal voltage OS7 applied to the pixel electrode 4 through the source line 1) ΔVG. In the same manner, the error voltage ΔV having a reduced effective voltage at the thirteenth and subsequent pixel electrodes 4 on the gate line is connected to the TFT switch that is turned on first after the third demultiplexer (93A) of the demultiplexer unit 9B. This is based on the change amount ΔVG of the potential of the source line 1.

Therefore, also in the second embodiment, by applying the equations (1) and (2) described in the first embodiment, the decrease ΔV in effective voltage is obtained by the calculation of equation (1), and the obtained ΔV If the source line potential (pixel electrode voltage) V that has been reduced using is compensated, the source line potential Vid close to the ideal value can be obtained.
Also in the second embodiment, the storage means provided in the source driver 7B may be a frame memory, or R, G, and B pixel signals from a signal source may be used for one horizontal period or more. Storage means (including a line memory) for storing a predetermined number of horizontal periods may be used.

  As described above, according to the second embodiment of the present invention, in the electro-optical device that performs multi-multiplex driving and common inversion driving, the de-multiplex switch selected first of each demultiplexer of the demultiplexer unit With respect to the above, it is possible to compensate for a decrease in effective voltage when writing a pixel to the pixel electrode when the switch is turned on, thereby eliminating color unevenness.

  In the above-described embodiments, examples of 3 multiplex drive and 6 multiplex drive have been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and an electro-optical device of n (n is a natural number) multiplex drive and an electronic device using the same It can be applied to equipment.

[Electronics]
Hereinafter, specific examples of an electronic apparatus including the electro-optical device according to the invention will be described.
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an external appearance of an electronic apparatus configured using the liquid crystal device described in the above embodiment. It is the perspective view which showed an example of the mobile phone.

In this figure, reference numeral 200 denotes a mobile phone body, and 201 denotes a liquid crystal display unit using the above liquid crystal device. Reference numeral 202 denotes a display unit side housing, 203 denotes an operation unit side housing, and 204 denotes a hinge portion that couples both housings so that they can be bent.
The electronic device shown in FIG. 9 compensates for a decrease in effective voltage at the time of pixel writing to a pixel electrode when a demultiplex switch is turned on in a liquid crystal device that performs multi-multiplex drive and common inversion drive. An electronic device with no unevenness can be realized.

  In the electro-optical device of the present invention, when the polarity of the common inversion drive of the counter electrode is inverted, the amount of change in the voltage applied to the pixel electrode is calculated, and based on this, the pixel generated for each common inversion drive is calculated. When the video signal source supplies a still image signal, the pixel electrode voltage is calculated for each common inversion drive as long as the same still image is provided. There is no need to compensate, and it is possible to continue using the compensation voltage based on the result calculated during the first common inversion drive. That is, the compensation means is provided in the source driver, generates a compensation voltage for each set of at least one set of R, G, B pixel signals per frame based on the calculation result of the calculation means, and When the video signal from the source is a still image signal, at least one set of R, G, and B pixel signals is used by using this compensation voltage for the image signal in frame units supplied from the signal source thereafter. If the potential fluctuations of the pixel electrodes of the first signal of all the groups are continuously compensated, the same compensation voltage can be continuously used for a large number of frames, and an energy-saving circuit operation can be realized. .

  Further, in the electro-optical device of the present invention, as the number of multiplexes of multi-multiplex drive increases, for example, the 6-multiplex drive of the second embodiment is more selective than the 3-multiplex drive of the first embodiment. Even if the number of lines increases, the number of data signal lines transmitted from the source driver to the demultiplexer unit near the display unit decreases, but the data writing time per pixel decreases.

  The electro-optical device of the present invention is not limited to a liquid crystal device, but an electroluminescent device, an organic electroluminescent device, a plasma display device, an electrophoretic device that displays images by supplying video signals such as R, G, and B to an electro-optical material. The present invention can be similarly applied to various electro-optical devices such as a display device and a device using an electron-emitting device (Field Emission Display, Surface-Conduction Electron-Emitter Display, etc.).

1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an electro-optical device according to the invention. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an electro-optical device according to a first embodiment of the invention. FIG. The figure which expands and shows the pixel part in FIG. The timing chart explaining operation | movement of the demultiplexer part in FIG. The figure explaining the malfunction of the fall of the effective voltage which arises in a pixel electrode with the common inversion drive of the counter electrode in FIG. The figure which shows variation | change_quantity (DELTA) VG of the potential of the source line connected to the TFT switch which turns on first in each demultiplexer in a demultiplexer part in H / common inversion drive. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an electro-optical device according to a second embodiment of the invention. 8 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the demultiplexer unit in FIG. FIG. 14 is a perspective view illustrating an example of an electronic device including the liquid crystal device of the invention.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Source line (data line), 2 ... Gate line (scanning line), 3 ... TFT, 4 ... Pixel electrode, 5 ... Counter electrode, 6 ... Gate driver, 7 ... Source driver, 8 ... Liquid crystal display part (display part) , 9... Demultiplexer section, 10... Driver section, 11... Video signal source (signal source), 24... Common voltage supply source (common voltage driving means), 91 A, 92. 2 demultiplexers), 91A, 92A... 6 signal selectors (first and second demultiplexers).

Claims (5)

A scanning line; a data line; a pixel electrode provided corresponding to an intersection of the scanning line and the data line; a counter electrode disposed opposite to the pixel electrode; and between the data line and the pixel electrode And an electro-optical device comprising a switching element that is turned on or off based on a voltage applied to the scanning line,
A scanning line driving circuit for supplying a voltage for sequentially selecting the scanning lines;
Common voltage driving means for driving common inversion by inverting the polarity of the voltage of the counter electrode in a predetermined number of horizontal periods of one horizontal period or more;
A data line driving circuit that time-divides and converts at least one set of pixel signals from a signal source that supplies a video signal into at least one set of serial signals; and
A demultiplexer unit for converting serial signals from the data line driving circuit into parallel data and distributing the serial signals to the data lines;
When the voltage polarity of the counter electrode is inverted by the common voltage driving means, the amount of change in the voltage applied to the pixel electrode before and after the polarity inversion is calculated, and the common inversion driving is performed based on the calculation result. A potential fluctuation compensation means for compensating for a potential fluctuation of the pixel electrode that occurs every time the polarity is inverted;
An electro-optical device comprising: The potential fluctuation compensation means includes:
Storage means for storing one frame of pixel signals from the signal source;
Compare at least one set of pixel signals supplied from the signal source with at least one set of pixel signals of the same position as the pixel signal and stored in the storage means one frame before. And calculating means for calculating an error of the pixel signal level before and after one frame,
Based on the calculation result of the calculation means, a compensation voltage is generated for each set of at least one set of pixel signals per frame, and the first signal in the set of at least one set of pixel signals supplied from the signal source 2. The electro-optical device according to claim 1, wherein the common voltage driving unit compensates for a potential fluctuation of the pixel electrode that occurs when common inversion driving is performed every predetermined number of horizontal periods equal to or greater than the one horizontal period. The potential fluctuation compensation means includes:
When the pixel signal from the signal source is a still image signal, the compensation voltage is used for the image signal of the frame unit supplied from the signal source thereafter, and the first of all the sets in at least one set of pixel signals is used. The electro-optical device according to claim 2, wherein the variation in potential of the pixel electrode of the signal is continuously compensated. The potential fluctuation compensation means includes:
Storage means for storing pixel signals from the signal source for a predetermined number of horizontal periods equal to or greater than the one horizontal period;
A set of at least one set of pixel signals before a predetermined number of horizontal periods greater than or equal to one horizontal period stored in the storage means, and a predetermined number greater than or equal to the one horizontal period supplied from the signal source following the pixel signals An arithmetic means for comparing a first set of pixel signals of at least one set of pixel signals in the same period as the horizontal period of the first and calculating a change amount of a voltage applied to the pixel electrode,
Based on the calculation result of the arithmetic means, a compensation voltage is generated for each set of at least one set of pixel signals for a predetermined number of horizontal periods equal to or more than one horizontal period, and at least one set of pixels supplied from the signal source 2. The pixel electrode potential variation generated when the common voltage driving means performs common inversion driving every predetermined number of horizontal periods equal to or more than one horizontal period with respect to an initial signal for each set of signals. 2. The electro-optical device according to 1.   An electronic apparatus comprising the electro-optical device according to claim 1.

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